Chemotherapy for falciparum malaria: The armoury, the problems and the prospects

Parasitology Today

Volumn 16, Issue 4, 2000, Pages 146-153

  Winstanley, Peter A ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LIVERPOOL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

4 AMINOQUINOLINE DERIVATIVE; ANTIMALARIAL AGENT; ARTEETHER; ARTEMETHER; ARTEMISININ; ARTESUNATE; ATOVAQUONE; BENFLUMETOL; CHLOROQUINE; CHLORPROGUANIL; DAPSONE; DIHYDROARTEMISININ; HALOFANTRINE; MEFLOQUINE; PRIMAQUINE; PYRIMETHAMINE; PYRONARIDINE; QUININE; SULFADOXINE; SULFALENE; TAFENOQUINE;

HUMAN; MALARIA FALCIPARUM; REVIEW;

AFRICA; ANIMALS; ANTIMALARIALS; DRUG DESIGN; DRUG RESISTANCE; DRUG THERAPY, COMBINATION; HUMANS; MALARIA, FALCIPARUM; PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM;

EID: 0034175950     PISSN: 01694758     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0169-4758(99)01622-1     Document Type: Review

References (68)

1. Chandak, P.B. et al. (1999) Parasite sequestration and distribution in fatal paediatric cerebral malaria. J. Pathol. 189, A26
2. Snow, R.W. et al. (1997) Relation between severe malaria morbidity in children and level of Plasmodium falciparum transmission in Africa. Lancet 349, 1650-1654
3. Warrell, D.A. et al. (1990) Severe and complicated malaria. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 84 (Suppl. 2), 1-65
4. Dollery, C., ed. (1999) Chloroquine, in Therapeutic Drugs (2nd Edn), pp C177-C182, Churchill Livingstone
5. Wolday, D. et al. (1995) Sensitivity of Plasmodium falciparum in vivo to chloroquine and pyrimethamine sulfadoxine in Rwandan patients in a refugee camp in Zaire. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 89, 654-656
6. Albert, D.A. et al. (1998) Antimalarial ocular toxicity - a critical appraisal. J. Clin. Rheumatol. 4, 57-59
7. Riou, B. et al. (1988) Treatment of severe chloroquine poisoning. New Engl. J. Med. 318, 1-6
8. Clemessy, J.L. et al. (1996) Therapeutic trial of diazepam versus placebo in acute chloroquine intoxications of moderate gravity. Intensive Care Med. 22, 1400-1405
9. White, N.J. (1992) Antimalarial drug-resistance - The pace quickens. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 30, 571-585
10. Zalis, M.G. et al. (1998) Characterization of Plasmodium falciparum isolated from the Amazon region of Brazil: Evidence for quinine resistance. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 58, 630-637
11. Adagu, I. et al. (1995) Antimalarial drug response of Plasmodium-falciparum from Zaria, Nigeria. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. 89, 422-425
12. Dollery, C., ed. (1999) Quinine, in Therapeutic Drugs (2nd Edn), pp Q16-Q21, Churchill Livingstone
13. Dyson, E.H. et al. (1985) Death and blindness due to overdose of quinine. Br. Med. J. 291, 31-33
14. Winstanley, P.A. et al. (1993) Towards optimal parenteral quinine regimens for young children with cerebral malaria: Importance of unbound quinine concentration. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 87, 201-206
15. Price, E. et al. (1992) Quinine-induced cutaneous vasculitis. Br. J. Clin. Pract. 46, 138-139
16. Gottschall, J. et al. (1991) Quinine-induced immune thrombocytopenia associated with hemolytic uremic syndrome - a new clinical entity. Blood 77, 306-310
17. Glynne, P. et al. (1999) Quinine-induced immune thrombocytopenic purpura followed by hemolytic uremic syndrome. Am. J. Kidney Dis. 33, 133-137
18. Anon. (1998) The Use of Artemisinin and its Derivatives as Antimalarial Drugs. Report of a joint CTD/DMP/TDR informal consultation. Malaria Unit, division of control of tropical diseases, WHO
19. Brewer, T.G. et al. (1998) Factors relating to the neurotoxicity of the artemisinin antimalarial drugs: Listening to arteether. Med. Trop. (Mars.) 58, 22-27
20. Kager, P. et al. (1994) Arteether administration in humans - preliminary studies of pharmacokinetics, safety and tolerance. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 88, 53-55
21. Van Hensbroek, M.B. et al. (1996) A trial of artemether or quinine in children with cerebral malaria. New Engl. J. Med. 335, 69-75
22. Hien, T. et al. (1996) A controlled trial of artemether or quinine in Vietnamese adults with severe falciparum-malaria. New Engl. J. Med. 335, 76-83
23. Murphy, S. et al. (1996) An open randomised trial of artemether versus quinine in the treatment of cerebral malaria in African children. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 90, 298-301
24. Pittler, M.H. and Ernst, E. (1999) Artemether for severe malaria: A meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Clin. Infect. Dis. 28, 597-601
25. Murphy, S.A. et al. (1997) The disposition of intramuscular artemether in children with cerebral malaria: A preliminary study. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 91, 331-334
26. Dollery, C, ed. (1999) Pyrimethamine, in Therapeutic Drugs (2nd Edn), pp P296-P300, Churchill Livingstone
27. Dollery, C., ed. (1999) Sulfadoxine, in Therapeutic Drugs (2nd Edn), pp S132-S135, Churchill Livingstone
28. Watkins, W.M. and Mosobo, M. (1993) Treatment of Plasmodium falciparum malaria with pyrimethamine and sulphadoxine: A selective pressure for resistance in a function of long elimination half-life. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 87, 75-79
29. Dollery, C., ed. (1999) Mefloquine, in Therapeutic Drugs (2nd Edn), pp M24-M30, Churchill Livingstone
30. Price, R. et al. (1998) Artesunate and mefloquine in the treatment of uncomplicated multidrug-resistant hyperparasitaemic falciparum malaria. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 92, 207-211
31. Smith, H.R. et al. (1999) Dermatological adverse effects with the antimalarial drug mefloquine: A review of 74 published case reports. Clin. Exp. Dermatol. 24, 249-254
32. Winstanley, P.A. (1996) Mefloquine: The benefits outweigh the risks. Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 42, 411-414
33. Dollery, C., ed. (1999) Halofantrine, in Therapeutic Drugs (2nd Edn), pp H1-H2, Churchill Livingstone
34. Milton, K. et al. (1989) The effect of food on the pharmacokinetics of halofantrine in man after the administration of a single oral dose. Br. J. Clin Pharmacol. 27, 671-672
35. Karle, J.M. (1997) X-ray crystal structure of the antimalarial agent (-)-halofantrine hydrochloride supports stereospecificity for cardiotoxicity. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 41, 791-794
36. Monlun, E. et al. (1993) Ventricular arrhythmias after malaria cure by halofantrine - 3 cases. Bull. Soc. Path. Exot. 86, 365-368
37. Dollery, C., ed. (1999) Primaquine, in Therapeutic Drugs (2nd Edn), pp P202-P204, Churchill Livingstone
38. Brueckner, R.P. et al. (1998) First-time-in-humans safety and pharmacokinetics of WR 238605, a new antimalarial. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 58, 645-649
39. Walsh, D.S. et al. (1999) Randomized dose-ranging study of the safety and efficacy of WR238605 (tafenoquine) in the prevention of relapse of Plasmodium vivax malaria in Thailand. J. Infect. Dis. 180, 1282-1287
40. Bray, P.G. et al. (1999) Cellular uptake of chloroquine is dependent on binding to ferriprotoporphyrin IX and is independent of NHE activity in Plasmodium falciparum. J. Cell Biol. 145, 363-376
41. Bray, P.G. and Ward, S.A. (1998) A comparison of the phenomenology and genetics of multidrug resistance in cancer cells and quinoline resistance in Plasmodium falciparum. Pharmacol. Ther. 77, 1-28
42. Adagu, I.S. et al. (1997) Field chloroquine-resistance determinants. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol. 91, S107-S111
43. Wellems, T.E. et al. (1990) Chloroquine resistance not linked to mdr-like genes in a Plasmodium-falciparum cross. Nature 345, 253-255
44. Su, X.Z. et al. (1997) Complex polymorphisms in an approx 330 kda protein are linked to chloroquine-resistant P-falciparum in Southeast Asia and Africa. Cell 91, 593-603
45. Sirawaraporn, W. et al. (1997) Plasmodium falciparum: Asparagine mutant at residue 108 of dihydrofolate reductase is an optimal antifolate-resistant single mutant. Exp. Parasitol. 87, 245-252
46. Triglia, T. et al. (1998) Allelic exchange at the endogenous genomic locus in Plasmodium falciparum proves the role of dihydropteroate synthase in sulfadoxine-resistant malaria. Embo J. 17, 3807-3815
47. Watkins, W.M. et al. (1997) The efficacy of antifolate combinations in Africa: A predictive model based on pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic analyses. Parasitol. Today 13, 459-464
48. Sims, P. et al. (1998) On 'the efficacy of antifolate antimalarial combinations in Africa'. Parasitol. Today 4, 136-137
49. Trape, J.F. et al. (1998) Impact of chloroquine resistance on malaria mortality. Comptes Rendus de L'Academie des Sciences Serie III - Sciences de la Vie - Life Sciences 321, 689-697
50. Dollery, C., ed. (1999) Atovaquone, in Therapeutic Drugs (2nd Edn), pp A233-A236. Churchill Livingstone
51. Bloland, P.B. et al. (1997) Malarone-donation programme in Africa. Lancet 350, 1624-1625
52. White, N.J. et al. (1999) Clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of artemether-lumefantrine. Clin. Pharmacokinet. 37, 105-125
53. Ringwald, P. et al. (1996) Randomised trial of pyronaridine versus chloroquine for acute uncomplicated falciparum malaria in Africa. Lancet 347, 24-28
54. Winstanley, P.A. et al. (1995) The in-vitro activity of novel antifolate drug combinations against Plasmodium falciparum and human granulocyte colony-forming-units. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 39, 948-952
55. Winstanley, P.A. et al. (1997) Chlorproguanil-dapsone for uncomplicated falciparum malaria in young children: Pharmacokinetics and therapeutic range. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 91, 322-327
56. Nzila-Mounda, A. et al. (1998) Kenyan Plasmodium falciparum field isolates: Correlation between pyrimethamine and chlorcycloguanil activity in vitro and point mutations in the dihydrofolate reductase gene. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 42, 164-169
57. Amukoye, E. et al. (1997) Chlorproguanil-dapsone: An effective treatment for uncomplicated falciparum malaria. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 41, 2261-2264
58. White, N.J. (1998) Preventing antimalarial drug resistance through combinations. Drug Resist. Updates 1, 3-9
59. Doherty, J. et al. (1999) A randomised safety and tolerability trial of artesunate plus sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine versus sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine alone for the treatment of uncomplicated malaria in Gambian children. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 93, 543-546
60. Sowunmi, A. et al. (1998) Enhancement of the antimalarial effect of chloroquine by chloropheniramine in vivo. Trop. Med. Int. Health 3, 177-183
61. Sowunmi, A. et al. (1999) Comparative cardiac effects of halofantrine and chloroquine plus chlorpheniramine in children with acute uncomplicated falciparum malaria. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med Hyg. 93, 78-83
62. Okonkwo, C.A. et al. (1999) Effect of chlorpheniramine on the pharmacokinetics of and response to chloroquine of Nigerian children with falciparum malaria. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 93, 306-311
63. Olliaro, P. and Yuthavong, Y. (1999) An overview of chemotherapeutic targets for antimalarial drug discovery. Pharmacol. Ther. 81, 91-111
64. De, D.Y. et al. (1997) Antimalarials: Synthesis of 4-aminoquinolines that circumvent drug resistance in malaria parasites. J. Heterocycl. Chem. 34, 315-320
65. O'Neil, P.M. et al. (1994) The effect of fluorine substitution on the metabolism and antimalarial activity of amodiaquine. J. Med. Chem. 37, 1362-1370
66. Trouiller, P. et al. (1999) Is orphan drug status beneficial to tropical disease control? comparison of the American and future European orphan drug acts. Trop. Med. Int. Health 4, 412-420
67. Sachs, J. Economist. 14th August 1999, pp 17-20
68. Calas, M. et al. (1997) Antimalarial activity of molecules interfering with Plasmodium falciparum phospholipid metabolism. Structure-activity relationship analysis. J. Med. Chem. 40, 3557-3566