Contributions of plant molecular systematics to studies of molecular evolution

Plant Molecular Biology

Volumn 42, Issue 1, 2000, Pages 45-75

  Soltis, E Douglas ^a   Soltis, Pamela S ^a  

^a WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Angiosperms; Land plants; Model organisms; Phylogenetics; Polyploidy; Seed plants

Indexed keywords

ANGIOSPERM; FERN; GREEN ALGA; LIVERWORT; MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; MOLECULAR SYSTEMATICS; PHYLOGENY; PLANT GENETICS; PLANT GENOME; POLYPLOIDY;

EVOLUTION, MOLECULAR; PHYLOGENY; PLANTS;

ALGAE; CHARALES; CHLOROPHYTA; EMBRYOPHYTA; FILICOPHYTA; MAGNOLIOPHYTA; MARCHANTIOPHYTA; SPERMATOPHYTA; TRACHEOPHYTA; VIRIDIPLANTAE;

EID: 0033953251     PISSN: 01674412     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1023/A:1006371803911     Document Type: Article

References (264)

1. Akkermans ADL, van Dijk C: Non-leguminous root-nodule symbioses with actinomycetes and Rhizobium. In: Broughton WJ (ed), Nitrogen Fixation, Vol. 1, pp. 57-103. Clarendon, Oxford (1981).
2. Albach DC, Soltis PS, Soltis DE, Olmstead RG: Phylogenetic analysis of the Asteridae s.l. using sequences of four genes. Ann Miss Bot Gard (submitted).
3. Almeida J, Rocheta M, Galego L: Genetic control of flower shape in Antirrhinum majus. Development 124: 1387-1392 (1997).
4. Alverson WS, Karol KG, Baum DA, Chase MW, Swensen SM, McCourt R, Sytsma J: Circumscription of the Malvales and relationships to other Rosidae: evidence from rbcL sequence data. Am J Bot 85: 876-877 (1998).
5. Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG): An ordinal classification for the families of flowering plants. Ann Miss Bot Gard 85: 531-553 (1998).
6. Avise JC: Molecular Markers, Natural History, and Evolution. Chapman & Hall, New York (1994).
7. Baker DD, Mullin BC: Actinorhizal symbioses. In: Stacey G, Burris RH, Evans HJ (eds), Biological Nitrogen Fixation, pp. 259-291. Chapman & Hall, New York (1992).
8. Barker NP, Linder HP, Harley EH: Polyphyly of Arundinoideae (Poaceae): evidence from rbcL sequence data. Syst Bot 20: 423-435 (1995).
9. Baum DA: The evolution of plant development. Curr Opin Plant Biol 1: 79-86 (1998).
10. Bayer CM, Fay MF, de Bruijn AY, Savolainen V, Morton CM, Kubitzki K, Chase MW: Support for an expanded concept of Malvaceae within a recircumscribed order Malvales: a combined analysis of plastid atpB and rbcL DNA sequences. Bot J Linn Soc 129: 267-303 (1999).
11. Bhattacharya D, Ehlting L: Actin coding regions: gene family evolution and use as a phylogenetic marker. Arch Protistenkd 145: 155-164 (1995).
12. Bhattacharya D, Medlin L: Algal phylogeny and the origin of land plants. Plant Physiol 116: 9-15 (1998).
13. Bohs L, Olmstead RG: Phylogenetic relationships in Solanum (Solanaceae) based on ndhF sequences. Syst Bot 22: 5-17 (1997).
14. Bonierbale MW, Plaisted RL, Tanksley SD: RFLP maps based on a common set of clones reveal modes of chromosomal evolution in potato and tomato. Genetics 120: 1095-1103 (1988).
15. Boutin SR, Young ND, Olson TC, Hu Z-H, Shoemaker RC, Vallejos CE: Genome conservation among three legume genera detected with DNA markers. Genome 38: 928-937 (1995).
16. Bowman JL, Smyth DR, Meyerowitz EM: Genes directing flower development in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 1: 37-52 (1989).
17. Bowman JL, Smyth DR, Meyerowitz EM: Genetic interactions among floral homeotic genes of Arabidopsis. Development 112: 1-20 (1991).
18. Bradley D, Carpenter R, Sommer H, Hartley N, Coen E: Complementary floral homeotic phenotypes result from opposite orientations of a transposon at the PLENA locus of Antirrhinum. Cell 72: 85-95 (1993).
19. Bull JJ, Huelsenbeck JP, Cunningham CW, Swofford, DL, Waddell, PJ: Partitioning and combining data in phylogenetic analysis. Syst Biol 42: 384-397 (1993).
20. Capesius I: A molecular phylogeny of bryophytes based on the nuclear encoded 18S rRNA genes. J Plant Physiol 146: 59-63 (1995).
21. Capesius I, Bopp M: New classification of liverworts based on molecular and morphological data. Plant Syst Evol 207: 87-97 (1997).
22. Carpenter R, Coen ES: Floral and homeotic mutations produced by transposon mutagenesis in Antirrhinum majus. Genes Dev 4: 1483-1493 (1990).
23. Chapman RL, Buchheim MA, Delwiche CF, Friedl T, Huss VAR, Karol KG, Lewis LA, Manhart, J, McCourt RM, Olsen JL, Waters DA: Molecular systematics of the green algae. In: Soltis DE, Soltis PS, Doyle JJ (eds), Molecular Systematics of Plants II: DNA Sequencing, pp. 508-540. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston (1998).
24. Chase MW, Albert VA: A perspective on the contribution of plastid rbcL DNA sequences to angiosperm phylogenetics. In: Soltis DE, Soltis PS, Doyle JJ (eds), Molecular Systematics of Plants II: DNA Sequencing, pp. 248-507. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston (1998).
25. Chase MW, Cox AV: Gene sequences, collaboration and analysis of large data sets. Aust Syst Bot 11: 215-229 (1998).
26. Chase MW, Duvall MR, Hills HG, Conran JG, Cox AV, Eguiarte LE, Hartwell J, Fay MF, Chaddick LR, Cameron KM, Hoot S: Molecular phylogenetics of Lilianae. In: Rudall PJ, Cribb, PJ, Cutler DF, Humphries CJ (eds), Monocotyledons: Systematics and Evolution, pp. 109-137. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (1995).
27. Chase MW, Soltis DE, Olmstead RG, Morgan D, Les DH, Mishler BD, Duval MR, Price RA, Hills HG, Qiu Y-L, Kron KA, Rettig JH, Conti E, Palmer JD, Manhart JR, Sytsma KJ, Michael HJ, Kress WJ, Karol KG, Clark WD, Hedren M, Gaut BS, Jansen RK, Kim K-J, Wimpee CF, Smith JF, Furnier GR, Strauss SH, Xiang Q-Y, Plunkett GM, Soltis PS, Swensen SM, Williams SE, Gadek PA, Quinn CJ, Eguiarte LE, Golenberg E, Learn GH Jr., Graham SW, Barrett SCH, Dayanandan S, Albert VA: Phylogenetics of seed plants: an analysis of nucleotide sequences from the plastid gene rbcL. Ann Miss Bot Gard 80: 528-580 (1993).
28. Chase MW, Soltis DE, Soltis PS, Rudall PJ, Fay MF, Hahn WH, Sullivan S, Joseph J, Givnish T, Sytsma KJ, Pires C: Higher-level systematics of the monocotyledons: an assessment of current knowledge and a new classification. Sydney Monocot Symposium (in press).
29. Chase MW, Stevenson DW, Wilkin P, Rudall PJ: Monocot systematics: a combined analysis. In: Rudall PJ, Cribb, PJ, Cutler DF, Humphries CJ (eds), Monocotyledons: Systematics and Evolution, pp. 685-730. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (1995).
30. Chaw S-M, Zharkikh A, Sung H-M, Lau T-C, Li W-H: Molecular phylogeny of extant gymnosperms and seed plant evolution: analysis of nuclear 18S rRNA sequences. Mol Biol Evol 14: 56-68 (1997).
31. Chen Q, Armstrong K: Genomic in situ hybridization in Avena saliva. Genome 37: 607-612 (1994).
32. Chew FS: Are crucivores controlled by mustard oils? No. In: Cutler HG (ed), Biologically Active Natural Products, pp. 155-181. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC (1988).
33. Clark LG, Zhang W, Wendel JF: A phylogeny of the grass family (Poaceae) based on ndhF sequence data. Syst Bot 20: 436-460 (1995).
34. Coen ES, Meyerowitz EM: The war of the whorls: genetic interactions controlling flower development. Nature 353: 31-37 (1991).
35. Cook LM, Soltis PS, Brunsfeld SJ, Soltis DE: Multiple independent formations of Tragopogon tetraploids (Asteraceae): evidence from RAPD markers. Mol Ecol 7: 1293-1302 (1998).
36. Crane, PR: Phylogenetic analysis of seed plants and the origin of angiosperms. Ann Miss Bot Gard 72: 716-793 (1985).
37. Cronquist A: An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants. Columbia University Press, New York (1981).
38. Cummings MP, King LM, Kellogg EA: Slipped-strand mispairing in a plastid gene: rpoC2 in grasses (Poaceae). Mol Biol Evol 11: 1-8 (1994).
39. Dahlgren RT: A system of classification of the angiosperms to be used to demonstrate the distribution of characters. Bot Not 128: 119-147 (1975).
40. Dahlgren RT: A commentary on a diagrammatic presentation of the angiosperms in relation to the distribution of character states. Plant Syst Evol (Suppl. 1): 253-283 (1977).
41. Dahlgren RT: A revised system of classification of the angiosperms. Bot J Linn Soc 80: 91-124 (1980).
42. Davis JI, Simmons MP, Stevenson DW, Wendel JW: Data decisiveness, data quality, and incongruence in phylogenetic analysis: an example from the monocotyledons using mitochondrial atpA sequences. Syst Biol 47: 282-310 (1998).
43. Delgado-Salinas A, Bruneau A, Doyle JJ: Chloroplast DNA phylogenetic studies in New World Phaseolinae (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae: (Phaseoleae)). Syst Bot 18: 6-17 (1993).
44. Delgado-Salinas A, Turley T, Richman A, Lavin M: Phylogenetic analysis of the cultivated and wild species of Phaseolus (Fabaceae). Syst Bot, in press.
45. Delwiche, CF, Kuhsel M, Palmer, JD: Phylogenetic analysis of tufA sequences indicates a cyanobacterial origin of all plastids. Mol Phyl Evol 4: 110-128 (1995).
46. de Queiroz A: For consensus (sometimes). Syst Biol 42: 368-372 (1993).
47. de Queiroz A, Donoghue MJ, Kim J: Separate versus combined analysis of phylogenetic evidence. Annu Rev Ecol Syst 26: 657-681 (1995).
48. Dobzhansky T: Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution. Am Biol Teacher 35:125-129 (1973).
49. Doebley J: Molecular systematics of Zea (Gramineae). Maydica 35: 143-150 (1990).
50. Doebley J, Durbin M, Golenberg EM, Clegg MT, Ma DP: Evolutionary analysis of the large subunit of carboxylase (rbcL) nucleotide sequence data among the grasses (Poaceae). Evolution 44: 1097-1108 (1990).
51. Doebley J, Renfroe W, Blanton A: Restriction site variation in the Zea chloroplast genome. Genetics 117: 139-147 (1987).
52. Donoghue MJ, Ree RH, Baum DA: Phylogeny and the evolution of flower symmetry in the Asteridae. Trends Plant Sci 3: 311-317 (1998).
53. Doyle JA: Phylogeny of vascular plants. Annu Rev Ecol Syst 29: 567-599 (1998).
54. Doyle JA: Molecules, morphology, fossils and the relationship of angiosperms and Gnetales. Mol Phyl Evol 9: 448-462 (1998).
55. Doyle JA, Donoghue MJ: Seed plant phylogeny and the origin of angiosperms: an experimental cladistic approach. Bot Rev 52: 321-431 (1986).
56. Doyle JA, Donoghue MJ: The importance of fossils in elucidating seed plant phylogeny and macroevolution. Rev Palaeobot Palynol 50: 63-95 (1987).
57. Doyle JA, Donoghue MJ: Fossils and seed plant phylogeny reanalyzed. Brittonia 44: 89-106 (1992).
58. Doyle JA, Hotton CL: Diversification of early angiosperm pollen in a cladistic context. In: Blackmore S, Barnes SH (eds), Pollen and Spores, pp. 169-195. Clarendon Press, Oxford.
59. Doyle JJ: Phylogeny of the legume family: an approach to understanding the origins of nodulation. Annu Rev Ecol Syst 25: 325-49 (1994).
60. Doyle JJ: Phylogenetic perspectives on nodulation: evolving views of plants and symbiotic bacteria. Trends Plant Sci 3: 473-478 (1998).
61. Doyle JJ, Davis JI, Soreng RJ, Garvin D, Anderson MJ: Chloroplast DNA inversions and the origin of the grass family (Poaceae). Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89: 7722-7726 (1992).
62. Doyle JJ, Doyle JL: Chloroplast DNA phylogeny of the papilionoid legume tribe Phaseoleae. Syst Bot 18: 309-327 (1993).
63. Doyle JJ, Doyle JL, Ballenger JA, Dickson EE, Kajita T, Ohashi H: A phylogeny of the chloroplast gene rbcL in the Leguminosae: taxonomic correlations and insights into the evolution of nodulation. Am J Bot 84: 541-554 (1997).
64. Doyle JJ, Doyle JL, Brown AHD: A chloroplast DNA phylogeny of the wild perennial relatives of soybean (Glycine subgenus Glycine): congruence with morphological and crossing groups. Evolution 44: 371-389 (1990).
65. Doyle JJ, Doyle JL, Brown AHD. Incongruence in the diploid B-genome species complex of Glycine (Leguminosae) revisited: histone H3-D alleles vs. chloroplast haplotypes. Mol Biol Evol 16: 354-362 (1999).
66. Doyle JJ, Kanazin V, Shoemaker RC: Phylogenetic utility of histone H3 intron sequences in the perennial relatives of soybean (Glycine: Leguminosae). Mol Phyl Evol 64: 438-447 (1996).
67. Downie SR, Palmer JD: Use of chloroplast DNA rearrangements in reconstructing plant phylogeny. In: Soltis PS, Soltis DE, Doyle JJ (eds.), Molecular Systematics of Plants, pp. 14-35. Chapman & Hall, New York (1992).
68. Duff RJ, Nickrent DL: Phylogenetic relationships of land plants using mitochondrial small-subunit rDNA sequences. Am J Bot 86: 372-386 (1999).
69. Duvall MR, Clegg MT, Chase MW, Clark WD, Kress WJ, Hills HG, Eguiarte LE, Smith JF, Gaut BS, Zimmer EA, Learn GH Jr: Phylogenetic hypotheses for the monocotyledons constructed form rbcL sequences. Ann Miss Bot Gard 80: 607-619 (1993).
70. Eernisse DJ, Kluge AG: Taxonomic congruence versus total evidence, and the phylogeny of anmiotes inferred from fossils, molecules and morphology. Mol Biol Evol 10: 1170-1195 (1993).
71. Ehrlich PR, Raven PH: Butterflies and plants: a study in coevolution. Evolution 18: 586-608 (1965).
72. Embley MT, Hirt RP, Williams DM: Biodiversity at the molecular level: the domains, kingdoms and phyla of life. Phil Trans R Soc Lond 345: 21-31 (1994).
73. Endress PK: Evolution and floral diversity: the phylogenetic surroundings of Arabidopsis and Antirrhinum. Int J Plant Sci 153: S106-S122 (1992).
74. Endress PK: Antirrhinum and Asteridae: evolutionary changes of floral symmetry. Soc Exp Biol Symp Series 51: 133-140 (1997).
75. Erickson LR, Strauss NA, Beversdorf WB: Restriction patterns reveal origins of chloroplast genomes in Brassica amphidiploids. Theor Appl Genet 65: 201-206 (1983).
76. Farris JS: Jac, Version 4.4. Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm (1996).
77. Farris JS, Albert VA, Källersjö M, Lipscomb D, Kluge AG: Parsimony jackknifing outperforms neighbor-joining. Cladistics 12: 99-124 (1996).
78. Farris JS, Källersjö M, Kluge AG, Bult C: Testing significance of incongruence. Cladistics 10: 315-319 (1995).
79. Felsenstein J: The number of evolutionary trees. Syst Zool 27: 27-33 (1978).
80. Felsenstein, J: Confidence limits on phylogenies: an approach using the bootstrap. Evolution 39: 783-791 (1985).
81. Fenwick GR, Heaney RK, Mullin WJ: Glucosinolates and their breakdown products in food and food plants. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 18: 123-201 (1983).
82. Friedl T: The evolution of the green algae. Plant Syst Evol (1997). [Suppl.] II: 87-101.
83. Gadek PA, Fernando ES, Quinn CJ, Hoot SB, Terrazas T, Sheahan MC, Chase MW: Sapindales: molecular delimitation and infraordinal groups. Am J Bot 83: 802-811 (1996).
84. Gale MD, Devos, KM: Comparative genetics in the grasses. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95: 1971-1974 (1998).
85. Gale MD, Devos, KM: Plant comparative genetics after 10 years. Science 282: 656-658 (1998).
86. Gaut BS, Doebley JF: DNA sequence evidence for the segmental allopolyploid origin of maize. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94: 6809-6814 (1997).
87. Goloboff P: Pee-Wee and NONA. Computer programs and documentation. New York (1993).
88. Goremykin V, Bobrova V, Pahnke J, Troitsky A, Antonov A, Martin W: Noncoding sequences from the slowly evolving chloroplast inverted repeat in addition to rbcL data do not support gnetalean affinities of angiosperms. Mol Biol Evol 13: 383-396 (1996).
89. Govindaraju DR, Lewis P, Cullis C: Phylogenetic analysis of pines using ribosomal DNA restriction fragment length polymorphisms. Plant Syst Evol 179: 141-153 (1992).
90. Graham LE: Origin of Land Plants. Wiley, New York (1993).
91. Grant, V: Plant Speciation, 2nd ed. Columbia University Press, New York (1981).
92. Graur D, Duret L, Gouy M: Phylogenetic position of the order Lagomorpha (rabbits, hares and allies). Nature 379: 333-335 (1996).
93. Graybeal A: Is it better to add taxa or characters to a difficult phylogenetic problem? Syst Biol 47: 9-17 (1998).
94. Hamby RK, Zimmer EA: Ribosomal RNA as a phylogenetic tool in plant systematics. In: Soltis PS, Soltis DE, Doyle JJ (eds), Molecular Systematics of Plants, pp. 50-91. Chapman & Hall, New York (1992).
95. Harvey PH, Pagel MD: The Comparative Method in Evolutionary Biology. Oxford University Press, New York (1991).
96. Hasebe M, Kofuji R, Ito M, Kato M, Iwatsuki K, Ueda K: Phylogeny of gymnosperms inferred from rbcL gene sequences. Bot Mag 105: 673-679 (1992).
97. Hasebe M, Wolf PG, Pryer KM, Ueda K, Ito M, Sano R, Gastony GJ, Yokoyama J, Manhart JR, Murakami N, Crane EH, Haufler CH, Hauk WD: Fern phylogeny based on rbcL nucleotide sequences. Am Fern J 85: 134-181 (1995).
98. Hedderson TA., Chapman RL, Rootes WL: Phylogenetic relationships of bryophytes inferred from nuclear-encoded rRNA gene sequences. Plant Syst Evol 200: 213-224 (1996).
99. Heiser CB: Study in the evolution of the sunflower species Helianthus annuus and H. bolanderi. Univ Calif Publ Bot 23: 157-196 (1949).
100. Helentjaris T, Weber D, Wright S: Identification of the genomic locations of duplicate nucleotide sequences in maize by analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphisms. Genetics 118: 353 (1988).
101. Hershkovitz MA, Zimmer EA: On the evolutionary origins of the cacti. Taxon 46: 217-232 (1997).
102. Hickey LJ, Taylor DW: Origin of the angiosperm flower. In: Taylor DW, Hickey LJ (eds), Flowering Plant Origin, Evolution and Phylogeny, pp. 176-231. Chapman & Hall, New York (1996).
103. Hillis DM: Inferring complex phylogenies. Nature 383: 130 (1996).
104. Hillis DM, Huelsenbeck JP, Swofford DL: Hobgoblin of phylogenetics? Nature 369: 363-364 (1994).
105. Huelsenbeck JP, Bull JJ: A likelihood ratio test for detection of conflicting phylogenetic signal. Syst Biol 45: 92-98 (1996).
106. Huelsenbeck JP, Bull JJ, Cunningham CW: Combining data in phylogenetic analysis. Trends Ecol Evol 11: 152-158 (1996).
107. Huss VAR, Kranz HD: Charophyte evolution and the origin of land plants. Plant Syst Evol (Suppl.) 11: 103-114 (1997).
108. Jansen RK, Kim K-J: Implications of chloroplast DNA data for the classification and phylogeny of the Asteraceae. In: Hind DJN, Beentje H (eds), Compositae: Systematics, Vol. 1., pp. 317-339. Proceedings of the International Compositae Conference, Kew, 1994. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (1996).
109. Jellen EN, Gill BS, Cox TS: Genomic in situ hybridization differentiates between A/D- and C-genome chromatin and detects intergenomic translocations in polyploid oat species (genus Avena). Genome 37: 607-612 (1994).
110. Jiang, Q-X, Wright RJ, El-Zik KM, Paterson AH: Polyploid formation created unique avenues for response to selection in Gossypium (cotton). Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95: 4419-4424 (1998).
111. Johnson LA, Soltis DE: Assessing congruence: empirical examples from molecular data. In: Soltis DE, Soltis PS, Doyle JJ (eds), Molecular Systematics of Plants II: DNA Sequencing, pp. 297-348. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston (1998).
112. Jones TR, Kluge AG, Wolf AJ: When theories and methodologies clash: a phylogenetic reanalysis of the North American ambystomatid salamanders (Caudata: Ambystomatidae). Syst Biol 42: 92-102 (1993).
113. Judd R, Sanders RW, Donoghue MJ: Angiosperm family pairs: preliminary phylogenetic analyses. Harvard Pap Bot 5: 1-51 (1994).
114. Källersjö M, Farris JS, Chase MW, Bremer B, Fay MF, Humphries CJ, Petersen G, Seberg OL, Bremer K: Simultaneous parsimony jackknife analysis of 2538 rbcL DNA sequences reveals support for major clades of green plants, land plants, seed plants and flowering plants. Plant Syst Evol 213: 259-287 (1998).
115. Kellogg EA: Relationships of cereal crops and other grasses. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95: 2005-2010 (1998).
116. Kellogg EA, Appels R, Mason-Gamer RJ: When genes tell different stories: the diploid genera of Triticeae (Gramineae). Syst Bot 21: 321-347 (1996).
117. Kellogg EA, Juliana ND: The structure and function of RuBisCO and their implications for systematic studies. Am J Bot 84: 413-428 (1997).
118. Kellogg EA, Linder HP: Phylogeny of Poales. In: Rudall PJ, Cribb PJ, Cutler DF, Humphries CJ (eds), Monocotyledons: Systematics and Evolution, pp. 511-542. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (1995).
119. Kenrick P, Crane PR: The Origin and Early Diversification of Land Plants. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC (1997).
120. Kenrick P, Crane PR: The origin and early evolution of plants on land. Nature 389: 33-39 (1997).
121. Kluge AG: A concern for evidence and a phylogenetic hypothesis of relationships among Epicrates (Boidae, Serpentes). Syst Zool 38: 7-25 (1989).
122. Kluge AG, Wolf AJ: Cladistics: what's in a word? Cladistics 9: 183-199 (1993).
123. Koch M, Gurganus M, Bishop J, Mitchell-Olds T: Phylogeny and microsatellites for Arabidopsis and Arabis: resources for functional and evolutionary genetics. Plant Biol (in press).
124. Kolukisaoglu HM, Marx MS, Wiegmann C, Hanelt S, Schneider-Portsch AW: Divergence of the phytochrome gene family predates angiosperm evolution and suggests that Selaginella and Equisetum rose prior to Psilotum. J Mol Evol 41: 329-337 (1995).
125. Kramer EM, Dorit RL, Irish VF: Molecular evolution of genes controlling petal and stamen development: duplication and divergence within the APETALA3 and PISTILLATA MADS-box gene lineages. Genetics 149: 765-783 (1998).
126. Kranz HD, Huss VAR: Molecular evolution of ferns and allies, and their relationship to seed plants: evidence from complete 18S rRNA gene sequences. Plant Syst Evol 202: 1-11 (1996).
127. Kranz HD, Miks D, Siegler M-L, Capesius I, Sensen CHW, Huss VA: The origin of land plants: phylogenetic relationships between Charophytes, Bryophytes, and vascular plants inferred from complete small subunit ribosomal RNA gene sequences. J Mol Evol 41: 74-84 (1995).
128. Krupkin AB, Liston A, Strauss, SH: Phylogenetic analysis of the hard pines (Pinus subgenus Pinus, Pinaceae) from chloroplast DNA restriction site analysis. Am J Bot 83: 489-498 (1996).
129. La Duke JC, Doebley J: A chloroplast based phylogeny of the Malvaceae. Syst Bot 20: 259-271 (1995).
130. Lagercrantz U: Comparative mapping between Arabidopsis thaliana and Brassica nigra indicates that Brassica genomes have evolved through extensive genome replication accompanied by chromosome fusions and frequent rearrangments. Genetics 150: 1217-1228 (1998).
131. Lagercrantz U, Lydiate D: Comparative genome mapping in Brassica. Genetics 144: 1903-1910 (1996).
132. Lanyon SM: Phylogenetic frameworks: towards a firmer foundation for the comparative approach. Biol J Linn Soc 49: 45-61 (1993).
133. Larson A: The comparison of morphological and molecular data in phylogenetic systematics. In: Schierwater B, Streit B, Wagner GP, DeSalle R (eds), Molecular Ecology and Evolution: Approaches and Applications, pp. 371-390. Birkhaüser Verlag, Basel, Switzerland (1994).
134. Lavin M, Eshbaugh E, Hu J-M, Matthes S, Sharrock RA: Monophyletic subgroups of the tribe Millettieae (Leguminosae) as revealed by phytochrome nucleotide sequence data. Am J Bot 85: 412-433 (1998).
135. Leitch IJ, Bennett MD: Polyploidy in angiosperms. Trends Plant Sci 2: 470-476 (1997).
136. Lewis LA, Mishler BD, Vilgalys R: Phylogenetic relationships of the liverworts (Hepaticae), a basal embryophyte lineage, inferred from nucleotide sequence data of the chloroplast gene rbcL. Mol Phyl Evol 7: 377-393 (1997).
137. Little EL Jr, Critchfield WB: Subdivisions of the genus Pinus (pines). USDA, Forest Service, Washington, DC (Miscellaneous Publications 1144) (1969).
138. Liu B, Vega J M, Feldman M: Rapid genomic changes in newly synthesized amphiploids of Triticum and Aegilops. II. Changes in low-copy coding DNA sequences. Genome 41: 535-542 (1998).
139. Livingstone KD, Lackney VK, Blauth JR, Van Wijk R, Jahn MK: Genome mapping in Capsicum and the evolution of genome structure in the Solanaceae. Theor Appl Genet (in press).
140. Loconte H, Stevenson DW: Cladistics of the Spermatophyta. Brittonia 42: 197-211 (1990).
141. Luo D, Carpenter R, Vincent C, Copsey L, Coen E: Origin of floral asymmetry in Antirrhinum. Nature 383: 794-799 (1996).
142. Luthy B, Matile PH: The mustard oil bomb: rectified analysis of the subcellular organisation of the myrosinase system. Biochem Physiol Pflanzen 179: 5-12 (1984).
143. Lutzoni F, Vilgalys R: Integration of morphological and molecular data sets in estimating fungal phylogenies. Can J Bot (Suppl.) 73: S649-S659 (1995).
144. Maddison DR: The discovery and importance of multiple islands of most-parsimonious trees. Syst Zool 40: 315-328 (1991).
145. Malek O, Lattig K, Hiesel R, Brennicke A, Knoop V: RNA editing in bryophytes and a molecular phylogeny of land plants. EMBOJ 15: 1403-1411 (1996).
146. Manhart JR: Phylogenetic analysis of green plant rbcL sequences. Mol Phyl Evol 3: 114-127 (1994).
147. Manhart JR: Chloroplast 16SrDNA sequences and phylogenetic relationships of fern allies and ferns. Am Fern J 85: 182-192 (1995).
148. Mason-Gamer RJ, Kellogg EA: Testing for phylogenetic conflict among molecular data sets in the tribe Triticeae (Gramineae). Syst Biol 45: 522-543 (1996).
149. Masterson J: Stomatal size in fossil plants: evidence for polyploidy in majority of angiosperms. Science 264: 421-423 (1994).
150. Mathews S, Donoghue MJ: Duplicate gene rooting and difficult rooting problems in plant phylogeny. Am J Bot 85 (abstract): 143 (1998).
151. Mayer MS, Soltis PS: Chloroplast DNA variation in Lens (Leguminosae): phylogenetic relationships and the origin of the cultivated lentil. Theor Appl Genet 87: 773-781 (1994).
152. McDade LA: Hybrids and phylogenetic systematics. I. Patterns of character expression in hybrids and their implications for cladistic analysis. Evolution 44: 1685-1700 (1990).
153. McDade LA: Hybrids and phylogenetic systematics. In: The impact of hybrids on cladistic analysis. Evolution 46: 1329-1346 (1992).
154. McDade LA: Hybridization and phylogenetics. In: Hoch PC, Stephenson AG (eds.) Experimental and Molecular Approaches to Plant Biosytematics, pp. 305-331. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO (1995).
155. McDade LA: Hybrids and phylogenetic systematics. III. Comparison with distance methods. Syst Bot 22: 669-683 (1997).
156. McDowell JM, Huang S, McKinney EC, An Y-Q, Meacher RB: Structure and evolution of the actin gene family in Arabidopsis thaliana. Genetics 142: 587-602 (1996).
157. Mickevich MF, Farris JS: The implications of congruence in Menida. Syst Zool 30: 351-370 (1981).
158. Mishler BD: Cladistic analysis of molecular and morphological data. Am J Phys Anthropol 94: 143-156 (1994).
159. Mishler BD, Lewis LA, Buchheim MA, Renzaglia KS, Garbary DJ, Delwiche CF, Zechman FW, Kantz TS, Chapman RL: Phylogenetic relationships of the 'green algae' and 'bryophytes'. Ann Miss Bot Gard 81: 451-483 (1994).
160. Miyamoto MM, Fitch WM: Testing species phylogenies and phylogenetic methods with congruence. Syst Biol 44: 64-76 (1995).
161. Moniz de Sa M, Drouin G: Phylogeny and substitution rates of angiosperm actin genes. Mol Biol Evol 13: 1198-1212 (1996).
162. Mullin BC, Swensen SM, Goetting-Minesky P: Hypotheses for the evolution of actinorhizal symbioses. In: Gresshoff PM, Roth LE, Stacey G, Newton WE (eds), Nitrogen Fixation Achievements and Objectives, pp. 781-787. Chapman & Hall, New York (1990).
163. Nadot S, Bajon R, Lejeune B: The chloroplast gene rps4 as a tool for the study of Poaceae phylogeny. Plant Syst Evol 191: 27-38 (1994).
164. Nandi WI, Chase MW, Endress PK: A combined cladistic analysis of angiosperms using rbcL and non-molecular data sets. Ann Miss Bot Gard 85: 137-212 (1998).
165. Nickrent DL, Duff JR, Colwell AE, Wolfe AD, Young ND, Steiner KE, dePamphilis CW: Molecular phylogenetic and evolutionary studies of parasitic plants. In: Soltis DE, Soltis PS, Doyle JJ (eds), Molecular Systematics of Plants II: DNA Sequencing, pp. 211-241. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston (1998).
166. Nixon KC, Crepet WL, Stevenson D, Friis EM: A reevaluation of seed plant phylogeny. Ann Miss Bot Gard 81: 484-533 (1994).
167. O'Kane SL, Al-Shebaz IA: A synopsis of Arabidopsis (Brassicaceae). Novon 7: 323-327 (1997).
168. O'Kane SL, Schaal BA, Al-Shebaz IA: The origins of Arabidopsis suecica (Brassicaceae) as indicated by nuclear rDNA sequences. Syst Bot 21: 559-566 (1996).
169. Olmstead RG, Bremer B, Scott K, Palmer JD: A parsimony analysis of the Asteridae sensu lato based on rbcL sequences. Ann Miss Bot Gard 80: 700-722 (1993).
170. Olmstead RG, dePamphilis CW, Wolfe AD, Young ND, Reeves PA: Disintegration of the Scrophulariaceae (submitted).
171. Olmstead RG, Palmer JD: Implications for the phylogeny, classification, and biogeography of Solanum from cpDNA restriction site variation. Syst Bot 22: 19-30 (1994).
172. Olmstead RG, Reeves PA: Evidence for the polyphyly of the Scrophulariaceae based on chloroplast rbcL and ndhF sequences. Ann Miss Bot Gard 82: 176-193 (1995).
173. Olmstead RG, Reeves PA, Yen AC: Patterns of sequence evolution and implications for parsimony analysis of chloroplast DNA. In: Soltis DE, Soltis PS, Doyle JJ (eds), Molecular Systematics of Plants II: DNA Sequencing, pp. 164-187. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston (1998).
174. Olmstead RG, Sweere JA: Combining data in phylogenetic systematics: an empirical approach using three molecular data sets in the Solanaceae. Syst Biol 43: 467-481 (1994).
175. Ownbey M, McCollum GD: Cytoplasmic inheritance and reciprocal amphiploidy in Tragopogon. Am J Bot 40: 788-796.
176. Pahnke J, Goremykin V., Bobrova V, Troitsky A, Antonov A, Martin W: Utility of rDNA internal transcribed spacer sequences from the inverted repeat of chloroplast DNA in pteridophyte molecular phylogenetics. In: Camus JM, Gibby M, Johns RJ (eds), Pteridology in Perspective, pp. 217-230. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK.
177. Palmer JD, Jorgensen RA, Thompson WF: Chloroplast DNA variation and evolution in Pisum: patterns of change and phylogenetic analysis. Genetics 109: 195-213 (1985).
178. Palmer JD, Shields CR, Cohen DB, Orton TJ: Chloroplast DNA evolution and the origin of the amphidiploid Brassica species. Theor Appl Genet 65: 181-189 (1983).
179. Patterson C, Williams DM, Humphries CJ: Congruence between molecular and morphological phylogenies. Annu Rev Ecol Syst 24: 153-188 (1993).
180. Perez F, Menendez A, Dehal P, Quiros CF: Genomic structural differentiation in Solanum: comparative mapping of the A and E genomes. Theor Appl Genet 98: 1183-1193 (1999).
181. Price RA, Palmer JD, Al-Shehbaz IA: Systematic relationships of Arabidopsis: a molecular and morphological perspective. In: Somerville C, Meyerowitz E (eds), Arabidopsis, pp. 7-19. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (1994).
182. Qiu Y-Q, Cho Y., Cox JC, Palmer JD: The gain of three mitochondrial introns identifies liverworts as the earliest land plants. Nature 394: 671-674 (1998).
183. Qiu Y-Q, Palmer, JD: Mitochondrial genome evolution and land phylogeny. Am J Bot 84 (abstract): 113-114 (1996).
184. Qiu Y-Q, Palmer, JD: Phylogeny of early land plants: insights from genes and genomes. Trends Plant Sci 4: 26-30 (1998).
185. Quiros, CF: Molecular markers and their applications to genetics, breeding and the evolution of Brassica. J Jpn Soc Hort Sci 67: 1180-1185 (1998).
186. Quiros CF, Hu J, Truco MJ: DNA based marker Brassica maps. In: Phillips RL, Vasil IK (eds), DNA-Based Markers in Plants, pp. 199-222. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Netherlands (1993).
187. Raubeson, LA Jansen RK: Chloroplast DNA evidence on the ancient evolutionary split in vascular land plants. Science 255: 1697-1699 (1992).
188. Reeves PA, Olmstead RG: Evolution of novel morphological, ecological, and reproductive traits in a clade containing Antirrhinum. Am J Bot 85: 1047-1056 (1998).
189. Rice KA, Donoghue MJ, Olmstead RG: Analyzing large data sets: rbcL 500 revisited. Syst Biol 46: 554-563 (1997).
190. Rieseberg LH: Homoploid reticulate evolution in Helianthus (Asteraceae): evidence from ribosomal genes. Am J Bot 75: 753-766 (1991).
191. Rieseberg LH: The role of hybridization in evolution: old wine in new skins. Am J Bot 82: 944-953 (1995).
192. Rieseberg LH, Sinervo B, Linder CR, Ungerer MC, Arias DM: Role of gene interactions in hybrid speciation: evidence from ancient and experimental hybrids. Science 272: 741-745 (1996).
193. Rieseberg LH, Soltis DE: Phylogenetic consequences of cytoplasmic gene flow in plants. Evol Trends Plants 5: 65-84 (1991).
194. Rieseberg LH, Van Possen C, Desroches A: Genomic reorganization accompanies hybrid speciation in wild sunflowers. Nature 375: 313-316 (1995).
195. Rodman JE: A taxonomic analysis of glucosinolate-producing plants, part 1: Phenetics. Syst Bot 16: 598-618 (1991).
196. Rodman JE: A taxonomic analysis of glucosinolate-producing plants, part 2: Cladistics. Syst Bot 16: 619-629 (1991).
197. Rodman JE, Karol KG, Price RA, Sytsma KJ: Molecules, morphology, and Dahlgren's expanded order Capparales. Syst Bot 21: 289-307 (1996).
198. Rodman JE, Price RA, Karol K, Conti E, Sytsma KJ, Palmer JD: Nucleotide sequences of the rbcL gene indicate monophyly of mustard oil plants. Ann Miss Bot Gard 80: 686-699 (1993).
199. Rodman JE, Soltis PS, Soltis DE, Sytsma KJ, Karol KG: Parallel evolution of glucosinolate biosynthesis inferred from congruent nuclear and plastid gene phylogenies. Am J Bot 85: 997-1006 (1998).
200. Rodrigo AG, Kelly-Borges M, Bergquist PR, Bergquist PL: A randomisation test of the null hypothesis that two cladograms are sample estimates of a parametric phylogenetic tree. NZ J Bot 31: 257-268 (1993).
201. Sanderson MJ, Doyle JJ: Reconstruction of organismal and gene phylogenies from data on multigene families: concerted evolution, homoplasy, and confidence. Syst Biol 41: 4-17 (1992).
202. Sanderson MJ, Wojciechowski MF: Diversification rates in a temperate legume clade: are there 'so many species' of Astragalus (Fabaceae)? Am J Bot 83: 1488-1502.
203. Sang T, Crawford DJ, Stuessy TF: Documentation of reticulate evolution in peonies (Paeonia) using internal transcribed spacer sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA: implications for biogeography and concerted evolution. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92: 6813-6817 (1995).
204. Savolainen V, Chase MW, Morton CM, Hoot SB, Soltis DE, Bayer C, Fay MF, de Bruijn A, Sullivan S, Qiu Y-L: Phylogenetics of flowering plants based upon a combined analysis of plastid atpB and rbcL gene sequences. Syst Biol (in press).
205. Schilling EE: Phylogenetic analysis of Helianthus (Asteraceae) based on chloroplast DNA restriction site data. Theor Appl Genet 94: 925-933 (1997).
206. Schilling EE, Linder CR, Noyes RD, Rieseberg LH: Phylogenetic relationships in Helianthus (Asteraceae) based on nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer region sequence data. Syst Bot 23: 177-189 (1998).
207. Schilling EE, Panero JL: Phylogenetic reticulation in subtribe
208. Schneider-Poetsch HA, Marx S, Kolukisaoglu H, Hanelt S, Braun B: Phytochrome evolution: phytochrome genes in ferns and mosses. Physiol Plant 91: 241-250 (1994).
209. Schwarz-Sommer Z, Hue I, Huijser P, Flor PJ, Hansen R, Tetens F, Lonnig W-E, Saedler H, Sommer H: Characterization of the Antirrhinum floral homeotic MADS-box gene deficiens: evidence for DNA binding and autoregulation of its persistent expression throughout flower development. EMBO J 11: 251-263 (1992).
210. Schwarz-Sommer Z, Huijser P, Nacken W, Saedler H, Sommer H: Genetic control of flower development by homeotic genes in Antirrhinum majus. Science 250: 931-936 (1990).
211. Seelanan T, Schnabel H, Wendel JF: Congruence and consensus in the cotton tribe. Syst Bot 22: 259-290 (1997).
212. Shoemaker R, Olson T, Kanazin V: Soybean genome organization: evolution of a legume genome. In: Gustafson JP, Flavell RB (eds), Genomes of Plants and Animals. 21st Stadler Genetics Symposium, pp. 139-150. Plenum Press, New York (1996).
213. 4 photosynthesis in the grass family. Am J Bot 83: 1458-1470 (1996).
214. Soltis DE, Hibsch-Jetter C, Soltis PS, Chase MW, Farris JS: Molecular phylogenetic relationships among angiosperms: an overview based on rbcL and 18S rDNA sequences. In: Iwatsuki K, Raven PH (eds.), Evolution and Diversification of Land Plants, pp. 157-178. Springer-Verlag, New York (1997).
215. Soltis DE, Soltis PS: Molecular data and the dynamic nature of polyploidy. Crit Rev Plant Sci 12: 243-273 (1993).
216. Soltis DE, Soltis PS: The dynamic nature of polyploid genomes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92: 8089-8091 (1995).
217. Soltis DE, Soltis PS: Choosing an approach and an appropriate gene for phylogenetic analysis. In: Soltis DE, Soltis PS, Doyle JJ (eds), Molecular Systematics of Plants II: DNA Sequencing, pp. 1-42. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston (1998).
218. Soltis DE, Soltis PS: Polyploidy: recurrent formation and genome evolution. Trends Ecol Evol 14: 348-392 (1999).
219. Soltis DE, Soltis PS, Chase ME, Mort ME, Albach DC, Zanis M, Savolainen V, Hahn WH, Hoot SB, Fay MF, Axtell, M, Swensen SM, Nixon KC, Farris JS: Angiosperm phylogeny inferred from a combined data set of 18S rDNA, rbcL, and atpβ sequences. Bot J Linn Soc (submitted).
220. Soltis DE, Soltis PS, Morgan DR, Swensen SM, Mullin BC, Dowd JM, Martin PG: Chloroplast gene sequence data suggest a single origin of the predisposition for symbiotic nitrogen fixation in angiosperms. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92: 2647-2651 (1995).
221. Soltis DE, Soltis PS, Mort ME, Chase MW, Savolainen V, Hoot SB, Morton CM: Inferring complex phylogenies using parsimony: an empirical approach using three large DNA data sets for angiosperms. Syst Biol 47: 32-42 (1998).
222. Soltis DE, Soltis PS, Nickrent DL, Johnson LA, Hahn WJ, Hoot SB, Sweere JA, Kuzoff RK, Kron KA, Chase MW, Swensen SM, Zimmer EA, Chaw S-M, Gillespie LY, Kress WJ, Sytsma KJ: Angiosperm phylogeny inferred from 18S ribosomal DNA sequences. Ann Miss Bot Gard 84: 1-49 (1997).
223. Soltis PS, Plunkett GM, Novak SJ, Soltis DE: Genetic variation in Tragopogon species: additional origins of the allotetraploids T. mirus and T. miscellus (Compositae). Am J Bot 82: 1329-1341 (1995).
224. Soltis PS, Soltis DS: Molecular evolution of 18S rDNA in angiosperms: implications for character weighting in phylogenetic analysis. In: Soltis DE, Soltis PS, Doyle JJ (eds), Molecular Systematics of Plants II: DNA Sequencing, pp. 188-211. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston (1998).
225. Soltis PS, Soltis DE, Wolf PG, Nickrent DL, Chaw S-M, Chapman RL: The phylogeny of land plants inferred from 18S rDNA sequences: pushing the limits of rDNA signal? Mol Biol Evol (in press).
226. Song KM, Lu P, Tang K, Osborn TC: Rapid genome change in synthetic polyploids of Brassica and its implications for polyploid evolution. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92: 7719-7723 (1995).
227. Song KM, Osborn, TC: Polyphyletic origins of Brassica napus: new evidence based on organelle and and nuclear RFLP analyses. Genome 35: 992 (1993).
228. Song KM, Osborn TC, Williams PH: Brassica taxonomy based on nuclear restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs). 1. Genome evolution of diploid and amphidiploid species. Theor Appl Genet 75: 784-794 (1988).
229. Soreng RJ, Davis JI: Phylogenetics and character evolution in the grass family (Poaceae): simultaneous analysis of morphological and chloroplast DNA restriction site data sets. Bot Rev 64: 1-85 (1998).
230. Spooner DM, Sytsma KJ: Reexamination of series relationships of Mexican and Central American wild potatoes (Solanum sect. Petota): evidence from chloroplast DNA restriction site variation. Syst Bot 17: 432-448 (1992).
231. Spooner DM, Sytsma KJ, Conti E: Chloroplast DNA evidence for genome differentiation in wild potatoes (Solanum sect. Petota: Solanaceae). Am J Bot 78: 1354-1366 (1991).
232. Spooner DM, Anderson GJ, Jansen RK: Chloroplast DNA evidence for the interrelationships of tomatoes, potatoes, and pepinos (Solanaceae). Am J Bot 80: 676-688 (1993).
233. Sprent JI, Raven JR: Evolution of nitrogen-fixing symbioses. In: Stacy G, Burris RH, Evans HJ (eds), Biological Nitrogen Fixation, pp. 461-496. Chapman & Hall, New York (1992).
234. Stefanovic S, Jager M, Deutsch J, Broutin J, Masselot M: Phylogenetic relationships of conifers inferred from partial 28S rRNA gene sequences. Am J Bot 85: 688-697 (1998).
235. Stebbins GL: Variation and Evolution in Plants. Columbia University Press, New York (1950).
236. Stebbins GL: Chromosomal Evolution in Higher Plants. Edward Arnold, London (1971).
237. Strauss SH, Doerksen AH: Restriction fragment analysis of pine phylogeny. Evolution 44: 1081-1096 (1990).
238. Sullivan, J: Combining data with different distributions of among-site rate variation. Syst Biol 45: 375-380 (1996).
239. Swensen SM: The evolution of actinorhizal symbioses: evidence for multiple origins of the symbiotic association. Am J Bot 83: 1503-1512 (1996).
240. Swofford DL: When are phylogeny estimates from molecular and morphological data incongruent? In: Miyamoto MM, Cracraft J (eds), Phylogenetic Analysis of DNA Sequences, pp. 295-333. Oxford University Press, New York (1991).
241. Swofford DL: Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony* (PAUP*), version 4.0. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, MA (1998).
242. Takhtajan A: System of Magnoliophyta. Academy of Sciences U.S.S.R., St. Petersburg (1987).
243. Takhtajan A: Diversity and Classification of Flowering Plants. Columbia University Press, New York (1997).
244. Tanksley SD, Bernatzky R, Lapitan NL, Prince JP: Conservation of gene repertoire but not gene order in pepper and tomato. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84: 6419-6423 (1988).
245. Thorne RF: Classification and geography of the flowering plants. Bot Rev 58: 225-348 (1992).
246. U N: Genome analysis in Brassica with special reference to the experimental formation of B. napus and peculiar mode of fertilization. Jpn J Bot 7: 389 (1935).
247. Vaillancourt RE, Weeden NF, Bruneau A, Doyle JJ: Chloroplast DNA phylogeny of Old World Vigna (Leguminosae). Syst Bot 18: 642-651 (1993).
248. Wagner WH: Biosystematics and evolutionary noise. Taxon 19: 146-151 (1970).
249. Wagstaff SJ, Olmstead RG: Phylogeny of Labiatae and Verbenaceae inferred from rbcL sequences. Syst Bot 22: 165-177 (1997).
250. Warwick SI, Black LD: Molecular systematics of Brassica and allied genera (subtribe Brassicinae, Brassicaceae): chloroplast genome and cytodeme congruence. Theor Appl Genet 82: 81-92 (1991).
251. Waters ER, Vierling E: The diversification of plant cytosolic small heat shock proteins preceded the divergence of mosses. Mol Biol Evol 16: 127-139 (1999).
252. Weeden NF, Muehlbauer FJ, Ladizinsky G: Extensive conservation of linkage relationships between pea and lentil genetic maps. J Hered 83: 123-129 (1992).
253. Wendel JF: New World tetraploid cottons contain Old World cytoplasm. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 86: 4132-4136 (1989).
254. Wendel JF, Doyle JJ: Phylogenetic incongruence: window into genome history and molecular evolution. In: Soltis DE, Soltis PS, Doyle JJ (eds), Molecular Systematics of Plants II: DNA Sequencing, pp. 265-296. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston (1998).
255. Wendel JF, Olson PD, Steward JMcD: Genetic diversity, introgression, and independent domestication of Old World cultivated cottons. Am J Bot 76: 1795-1806 (1989).
256. Wendel JF, Schnabel A, Seelanan T: Bidirectional interlocus concerted evolution following allopolyploid speciation in cotton (Gossypium). Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92: 280-284 (1995).
257. Wendel JF, Small RL, Cronn, RC, Brubaker, CL: Genes, jeans, and genomes: reconstructing the history of cotton. In: Proceedings of the International Organization of Plant Biosystematists, Amsterdam (in press).
258. White S, Doebley J: Genes and genomes and the origins of maize. Trends Genet 14: 327-332 (1998).
259. Whitkus R, Doebley J, Lee M: Comparative genome mapping of sorghum and maize. Genetics 132: 1119-1130. (1993).
260. Woese CR: Bacterial evolution. Microbiol Rev 51: 221-271 (1987).
261. Woese CR., Kandler O, Wheelis ML: Towards a natural system of organisms: proposal for the domains Archaea, Bacteria, and Eucarya. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 87: 4576-4579 (1990).
262. Wolf PG: Evaluation of atpB nucleotide sequences for phylogenetic studies of ferns and other pteridophytes. Am J Bot 84: 1429-1440 (1997).
263. Wolf PG, Pryer KM, Smith AR, Hasebe M: Phylogenetic studies of extant pteridophytes. In: Soltis DE, Soltis PS, Doyle JJ (eds), Molecular Systematics of Plants II: DNA Sequencing, pp. 541-556. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston (1998).
264. Wright RJ, Thaxton PM, El-Zik KM, Paterson AH: D-subgenome bias of Xcm resistance genes in tetraploid Gossypium (cotton) suggests that polyploid formation has created novel avenues for evolution. Genetics 149: 1987-1996 (1998).