Merging information in speech recognition: Feedback is never necessary

Behavioral and Brain Sciences

Volumn 23, Issue 3, 2000, Pages

  Norris, Dennis ^a   McQueen, James M ^b   Cutler, Anne ^a,b  

^a MRC COGNITION AND BRAIN SCIENCES UNIT   (United Kingdom)

^b MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE FOR PSYCHOLINGUISTICS   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Computational modeling; Feedback; Lexical processing; Modularity; Phonemic decisions; Reading; Speech recognition; Word recognition

Indexed keywords

COMPUTER MODEL; DECISION MAKING; FEEDBACK SYSTEM; INFORMATION PROCESSING; LINGUISTICS; PHONEME; PHONETICS; REVIEW; SPEECH DISCRIMINATION; VISUAL MEMORY; WORD RECOGNITION;

COGNITION; FEEDBACK; HUMANS; PHONETICS; SEMANTICS; SPEECH PERCEPTION; VOCABULARY;

EID: 0033823717     PISSN: 0140525X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0140525X00003241     Document Type: Review

References (361)

1. Expectancy as a determinant of functional units in perceptual recognition
2. How do humans process and recognize speech?
3. Influence of layer 5 of area 18 of the cat visual cortex on responses of cells in layer 5 of area 17 to stimuli of high velocity
4. Interaction with context in human sentence processing
5. Fodor, modularity and speech perception
6. Why safe is better than fast: The relatedness of a word's meaning affects lexical decision times
7. Competitor effects during lexical access: Chasing Zipf's tail
8. Phonemic identification defect in aphasia
9. Semantic context effects in visual word recognition: An analysis of semantic strategies
10. The onset of literacy: Liminal remarks
11. The relationship between syntactic and semantic processes in sentence comprehension
12. Interaction with autonomy: Multiple output models and the inadequacy of the Great Divide
13. Mathematical treatment of context effects in phoneme and word recognition
14. A reader's view of listening
15. Categorising sounds and learning to read - A causal connection
16. Cognitive processing in the perception of speech
17. Visual and auditory sequencing by aphasic subjects
18. Discourse before gender: An event-related potential study on the interplay of semantic and syntactic information during spoken language understanding
19. Electrophysiological signatures of visual lexical processing: Open- and closed-class words
20. Corticocortical connections sustain interarea synchronization
21. Lexical effects on the phonetic categorization of speech: The role of acoustic structure
22. Bottom-up connectionist modelling of speech
23. Bootstrapping word boundaries: A bottom-up corpus based approach to speech segmentation
24. Can theories of word recognition remain stubbornly nonphonological?
25. Effect of unilateral brain damage on perception of temporal order
26. A massively parallel architecture for a self-organizing neural pattern recognition machine
27. ART2-A: An adaptive resonance algorithm for rapid category learning and recognition
28. Visual selection: Neurons that make up their minds
29. Evaluation of a dynamical model of speech perception
30. The illiterate brain: Learning to read and write during childhood influences the functional organization of the brain
31. Selective adaptation by context conditioned fricatives
32. A critique of pure vision
33. Similarity neighborhoods of spoken two-syllable words: Retroactive effects on multiple activation
34. Neural dynamics of speech and language coding: Developmental programs, perceptual grouping, and competition for short-term memory
35. Activation and inhibition with orthographically similar words
36. Vertical and horizontal similarity in spoken word recognition
37. Interactive use of lexical information in speech perception
38. Phoneme monitoring
39. Similarity mapping in spoken word recognition
40. Expect the unexpected: Event-related brain potentials to morphosyntactic violations
41. On not being led up the garden path: The use of context by the psychological syntax processor
42. Phonological similarity effects in Cantonese word recognition
43. Phoneme identification and the lexicon
44. Monitoring sentence comprehension
45. Sharpening Ockham's razor
46. Mora or phoneme? Further evidence for language-specific listening
47. Auditory hallucinations inhibit exogenous activation of auditory association cortex
48. Ambiguity and competition in lexical segmentation
49. Recognising words in connected speech: Context and competition
50. A PET study of cognitive strategies in normal subjects during language tasks. Influence of phonetic ambiguity and sequence processing on phoneme monitoring
51. Electrophysiology and pharmacology of the corticothalamic input to lateral thalamic nuclei: An intracellular study in the cat
52. Is the P300 component a manifestation of context updating?
53. Attention and the role 364 of dual codes in phoneme monitoring
54. Contextual coherence and attention in phoneme monitoring
55. Cognitive penetration of the mechanisms of perception: Compensation for coarticulation of lexically restored phonemes
56. Auditory morphological priming in the lexicon
57. Semantic and perceptual priming: How similar are the underlying mechanisms?
58. A Rosetta Stone for connectionism
59. Distributed hierarchical processing in the primate cerebral cortex
60. The integration of distributed cortical systems by reentry: A computer simulation of interactive functionally segregated visual areas
61. Precis of The modularity of mind
62. Levels of processing and the structure of the language processor
63. Identifying the speech codes
64. Decision processes during sentence comprehension, effects of lexical item difficulty and position upon decision times
65. Cracking the dual code: Toward a unitary model of phoneme identification
66. Compensation for coarticulation in audiovisual speech perception
67. Contrast effects do not underlie effects of preceding liquids on stop consonant identification by humans
68. Effect of lexical status on phonetic categorization
69. Simulating the time-course of spoken word recognition: An analysis of lexical competition in TRACE
70. Phoneme monitoring and lexical processing: Evidence for associative context effects
71. Lexical effects in phonemic processing: Facilitatory or inhibitory?
72. Sentence processing: A tutorial review
73. The physiology of perception
74. The time course of syntactic activation during language processing: A model based on neuropsychological and neurophysiological data
75. Event-related brain potentials during natural speech processing: Effects in semantic, morphological, and syntactic violations
76. Brain mechanism associated with top-down processes in perception
77. Bidirectional consistency: Effects of a phonology common to speech and reading
78. Phonetic categorization in auditory word perception
79. Modeling the perception of spoken words
80. Integrating form and meaning: A distributed model of speech perception
81. Mechanisms of phonological inference in speech perception
82. Ambiguity, competition and blending in speech perception
83. Pathway selection's utility for control of word recognition
84. Echoes of echoes? An episodic theory of lexical access
85. Only the shadower knows: Comment on Hamburger and Slowiaczek (1996)
86. Form-based priming in spoken word recognition: The roles of competition and bias
87. Reading homographs: Orthographic, phonologic, and semantic dynamics
88. Assimilation and anticipation: Phonological modification and word recognition in connected speech
89. Does assimilation produce lexical ambiguity?
90. A dual read-out model of word context effects in letter perception: Further investigations of the word-superiority effect
91. Orthographic processing in visual word recognition: A multiple read-out model
92. On localist connectionism and psychological science
93. On the role of visual rate information in phonetic perception
94. A theory of human memory: Self-organization and performance of sensory-motor codes, maps, and plans
95. How does a brain build a cognitive code?
96. The adaptive self-organization of serial order in behavior: Speech, language, and motor control
97. The attentive brain
98. How does the cerebral cortex work? Learning, attention, and grouping by the laminar circuits of visual cortex
99. The link between brain learning, attention, and consciousness
100. Neural dynamics of variable-rate speech categorization
101. Visual brain and visual perception: How does the cortex do perceptual grouping?
102. The resonant dynamics of conscious speech: Interword integration and duration-dependent backward effects
103. Neural dynamics of word recognition and recall: Attentional priming, learning, and resonance
104. When syntax meets semantics
105. Semantic and syntactic effects of listening to speech compared to reading
106. Electrophysiological evidence for two steps in syntactic analysis: Early automatic and late controlled processes
107. Phonological priming reflects lexical competition in auditory word recognition
108. On the role of bias in dissociated phonological priming effects: A reply to Goldinger (1999)
109. Neural control of voluntary movement initiation
110. A demonstration of auditory top-down processing
111. 'Schema abstraction' in a multiple-trace memory model
112. Multilayer feedforward networks are universal approximators
113. Cortical feedback improves discrimination between figure and background by V1, V2 and V3 neurons
114. Modeling the interaction of phonemic intelligibility and lexical structure in audiovisual word recognition
115. MROM-P: An interactive activation, multiple read-out model of orthographic and phonological processes in visual word recognition
116. Infants' detection of sound patterns of words in fluent speech
117. Infants' sensitivity to allophonic cues for word segmentation
118. The beginnings of word segmentation in English-learning infants
119. Pronunciation of homographs
120. Integrating articulations in the perception of vowel height
121. Phonetic knowledge
122. Intermediate properties in the perception of distinctive feature values
123. 1 in vowels in isolation and before oral and nasal consonants: A detection-theoretic application of the Garner paradigm
124. Integrality in the perception of tongue root position and voice quality in vowels
125. Speech perception: A model of acoustic-phonetic analysis and lexical access
126. Event-related brain potentials to grammatical errors and semantic anomalies
127. Event-related potential studies of language
128. Falsification and the methodology of scientific research programmes
129. A theory of lexical access in speech production
130. Segmentation of the spoken word and reading acquisition
131. General contrast effects in speech perception: Effect of preceding liquid on stop consonant identification
132. Recognizing spoken words: The neighborhood activation model
133. Detection and recognition
134. Neural mechanisms of spatial selective attention in areas V1, V2, and V4 of macaque visual cortex
135. Reading in two alphabets
136. Inhibitory effects in form priming: Evaluating a phonological competition explanation
137. Lexical nature of syntactic ambiguity resolution
138. Synchronized neuronal oscillations and their role in motor processes
139. 1. II. Basic sensitivity and phonetic labeling
140. Influence of preceding liquid on stop-consonant perception
141. Phonological awareness: The role of reading experience
142. Distinguishing universal and language-dependent levels of speech perception: Evidence from Japanese listeners' perception of 'l' and 'r'
143. Influence of preceding fricative on stop consonant perception
144. Vocal reduction and perceptual recovery in casual speech
145. Speakers nasalize /o/ after /n/, but listerners still hear /o/
146. Modulation of lateral geniculate nucleus cell responsiveness by visual activation of the corticogeniculate pathway
147. Issues of process and representation in lexical access
148. Perceptual distance and competition in lexical access
149. The temporal structure of spoken language understanding
150. Levels of perceptual representation and process in lexical access: Words, phonemes, and features
151. Processing interactions during word recognition in continuous speech
152. Perception of letters, words, and nonwords
153. A stage model of reading and listening
154. Letter information and orthographic context in word perception
155. Some criticisms of connectionist models of human performance
156. Testing between the TRACE model and the Fuzzy Logical Model of Speech Perception
157. Multiple book review of Speech perception by ear and eye: A paradigm for psychological inquiry
158. Integration of multiple sources of information in language processing
159. Categorical or continuous speech perception: A new test
160. Phonological context in speech perception
161. Integration versus interactive activation: The joint influence of stimulus and context in perception
162. Bayesian method of model selection validates FLMP
163. Information processing models: Microscopes of the mind
164. Evaluation and integration of acoustic features in speech perception
165. Speech perception: A framework for research and theory
166. Independence of lexical context and phonological information in speech perception
167. Phonotactic cues for segmentation of fluent speech by infants
168. Word segmentation in infants: How phonotactics and prosody combine
169. The programmable blackboard model of reading
170. The case for interactionism in language processing
171. Stochastic interactive processes and the effect of context on perception
172. The TRACE model of speech perception
173. The role of familiar units in perception of words and nonwords
174. An interactive activation model of context effects in letter perception: Part 1. An account of basic findings
175. Sentence comprehension: A parallel distributed processing approach
176. Hearing lips and seeing voices
177. The perceptual reality of phonemes, syllables, words, and sentences
178. The influence of the lexicon on phonetic categorization: Stimulus quality in word-final ambiguity
179. Phonetic categorisation
180. Models of continuous speech recognition and the contents of the vocabulary
181. Competition in spoken word recognition: Spotting words in other words
182. Lexical influence in phonetic decision-making: Evidence from subcategorical mismatches
183. Processing relative clauses varying on syntactic and semantic dimensions: An analysis with event-related potentials
184. English and French speech processing
185. Vestibular-neck interaction and transformation of sensory coordinates
186. The intelligibility of speech as a function of the context of the test materials
187. On the internal structure of phonetic categories: A progress report
188. Some effects of later-occurring information on the perception of stop consonant and semivowel
189. Competitor priming in spoken word recognition
190. Canonical and non-canonical syllable discrimination by two-day-old infants
191. Literacy and awareness of the units of speech: Implications for research on the units of perception
192. Literacy training and speech segmentation
193. Does awareness of speech as a sequence of phones arise spontaneously?
194. Interaction of information in word recognition
195. Effect of word transitional probability on phoneme identification
196. Dissociation of brain activity related to syntactic and semantic aspects of language
197. Early, mandatory, pragmatic processing
198. The importance of complexity in model selection
199. Applying Occam's razor in modeling cognition: A Bayesian approach
200. Issues in selecting mathematical models of cognition
201. Speech perception as pattern recognition
202. The factorability of phonological units in speech perception: Simulating results on speech reception in noise
203. Syntactically based sentence processing classes: Evidence from event-related brain potentials
204. You can't play 20 questions with nature and win: Projective comments on the papers of this symposium
205. Lexical neighborhood effects in phonetic processing
206. Modulation of human extrastriate visual processing by selective attention to colours and words
207. Word recognition: Context effects without priming
208. Syntax, semantics and garden paths
209. Connectionism: A new breed of bottom-up model?
210. Bottom-up connectionist models of 'interaction'
211. A quantitative multiple-levels model of reading aloud
212. Shortlist: A connectionist model of continuous speech recognition
213. Signal detection theory and modularity: On being sensitive to the power of bias models of semantic priming
214. Feedback consistency in visual word recognition: Don't try going the wrong way up a one-way street
215. Competition and segmentation in spoken word recognition
216. The possible-word constraint in the segmentation of continuous speech
217. The study of prelexical and lexical processes in comprehension: Psycholinguistics and functional neuroimaging
218. Semantic constraints and judged preference for interpretations of ambiguous sentences
219. On the use of semantic constraints in guiding syntactic analysis
220. Integration of featural information in speech perception
221. The gradedness of perceptual experience in identifying handwritten words
222. Making sentences make sense, or words to that effect
223. Listeners' normalization of vowel quality is influenced by 'restored' consonantal context
224. Event-related brain potentials elicited by syntactic anomaly
225. Event-related potentials and syntactic anomaly: Evidence of anomaly detection during the perception of continuous speech
226. Event-related brain potentials elicited by failure to agree
227. The representation of Japanese moraic nasals
228. An activation-verification model for letter and word recognition: The word superiority effect
229. Connectionist modelling in psychology: A localist manifesto
230. Is perception a two-way street? The case of feedback consistency in visual word recognition
231. Psychological constraints upon connectionist models of word recognition: Exploring TRACE and alternatives
232. The locus of the lexical shift in phoneme identification
233. Is compensation for coarticulation mediated by the lexicon?
234. An empirical and meta-analytic evaluation of the phoneme identification task
235. Categorization of ambiguous sentences as a function of a changing prosodic parameter: A dynamical approach
236. Phonological priming in spoken word recognition: Task effects
237. Phonological printing between monosyllabic spoken words
238. Connectionist and diffusion models of reaction time
239. The ability to manipulate speech sounds depends on knowing alphabetic reading
240. Perceptual recognition as a function of meaningfulness of stimulus material
241. A range-frequency effect on perception of silence in speech
242. Phonetic trading relations and context effects: New experimental evidence for a speech mode of perception
243. Perceptual integration of acoustic cues for stop, fricative, and affricate manner
244. Semantic priming and sensitivity in lexical decision
245. Extending formant transitions may not improve aphasics' perception of stop consonant place of articulation
246. Audiovisual presentation demonstrates that selective adaptation in speech perception is purely auditory
247. Semantic competition and the ambiguity, disadvantage
248. The role of neuronal synchronization in response selection: A biologically plausible theory of structured representations in the visual cortex
249. Event-related brain potentials while encountering semantic and syntactic constraint violation
250. Initial phonemes are detected faster in spoken words than in nonwords
251. The integration of contextual and featural information during word identification
252. An interactive activation model of context effects in letter perception: Part 2. The contextual enhancement effect and some tests and extensions of the model
253. Statistical learning by 8-month-old infants
254. Selective adaptation in speech perception using a compelling audiovisual adaptor
255. Cortico-cortical connections in the visual system: Structure and function
256. Phonemic restoration: Insights from a new methodology
257. The rule of bottom-up confirmation in the phonemic restoration illusion
258. Red herring detectors and speech perception: In defense of selective adaptation
259. Lexical uniqueness effects on phonemic restoration
260. Does lexical information influence the perceptual restoration of phonemes?
261. Phoneme restoration
262. Lexical activation produces potent phonemic percepts
263. Early levels of analysis of speech
264. Adaptation and contrast in the perception of voicing
265. The effect of lexical constraints upon speech perception
266. A distributed, developmental model of visual word-recognition and naming
267. Ecological constraints in internal representation: Resonant kinematics of perceiving, imagining, thinking, and dreaming
268. Modularity and the processing of closed class words
269. Orientation sensitive elements in the corticofugal influence on centre-surround interactions in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus
270. Reduced top-down influence in auditory perceptual organization in schizophrenia
271. Development and plasticity of cortical processing architectures
272. A critique of pure audition
273. Prelexical facilitation and lexical interference in auditory word recognition
274. Phonological representations in prelexical speech processing: Evidence from form-based priming
275. Ambiguity in context: A reply
276. Applying phonetic knowledge to lexical access
277. Remarks on analysis by synthesis and distinctive features
278. Perception is a two-way street: Feedforward and feedback phonology in visual word recognition
279. Strategic processes in printed word recognition
280. The role of medial consonant transitions in word perception
281. An alternative to grapheme-phoneme conversion rules?
282. Defects of non-verbal auditory perception in children with developmental aphasia
283. Oscillatory γ-band (30-70 Hz) activity induced by a visual search task in humans
284. Syntactic context and lexical access
285. Integration of visual and linguistic information in spoken language comprehension
286. Constituent attachment and thematic role assignment in sentence processing: Influences of content-based expectations
287. Electrophysiological manifestations of open- and closed-class words in patients with Broca's aphasia with agrammatic comprehension
288. Reentry and the problem of integrating multiple cortical areas: Simulation of dynamics integration in the visual system
289. Towards a lexicalist framework of constraint-based syntactic ambiguity resolution
290. The nonlinear dynamics of speech categorization
291. Temporal masking and the 'active process' in normal and hearing-impaired listeners
292. Sequence seeking and counter streams: A computational model for bidirectional information flow in the visual cortex
293. When does gender constrain parsing? Evidence from ERPs
294. Interdependence of form and function in cognitive systems explains perception of printed words
295. What swimming says about reading: Coordination, context, and homophone errors
296. Electrophysiological evidence for the flexibility of lexical processing
297. When words compete: Levels of processing in spoken word recognition
298. Probabilistic phonotactics and neighborhood activation in spoken word recognition
299. Metrical segmentation and lexical inhibition in spoken word recognition
300. Perceptual restoration of missing speech sounds
301. Identification times for phonemic components of graded complexity and for spelling of speech
302. Perceptual restoration of obliterated sounds
303. Two types of auditory sequence perception
304. When acoustic sequences are not perceptual sequences: The global perception of auditory patterns
305. Tweaking the lexicon: Organization of vowel sequences into words
306. Aphasics can distinguish permuted order of phonemes - But only if presented rapidly
307. Melodic and nonmelodic sequence of tones: Effects of duration on perception
308. The vowel-sequence illusion: Intrasubject stability and intersubject agreement of syllabic forms
309. Speech perception and phonemic restorations
310. Phonemic restorations based on subsequent context
311. Auditory illusions and confusions
312. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research (CUNY Special Issue)
313. Cross-language speech perception: Evidence for perceptual reorganization during the first year of life
314. Subcategorical phonetic mismatches slow phonetic judgments
315. Vowel and consonant judgments are not independent when cued by the same information
316. Subcategorical phonetic mismatches and lexical access
317. Phonetic information is integrated across intervening nonlinguistic sounds
318. Lexical inhibition and attentional allocation during speech perception: Evidence from phoneme monitoring
319. PET studies of phonetic processing of speech: Review, replication and reanalysis
320. Orthography shapes the perception of speech: The consistency effect in auditory word recognition
321. Phonological information provides early sources of constraint in the processing of letter strings
322. The feedback consistency effect in lexical decision and naming
323. Feedback consistency and subjective familiarity
324. Phonology can help or hurt the perception of print
325. The palatalization of voiceless alveolar fricative /s/ in American English