Crystalline Si thin-film solar cells: a review

Applied Physics A: Materials Science and Processing

Volumn 69, Issue 2, 1999, Pages 187-194

  Bergmann, R B ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF STUTTGART   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CRYSTALLINE MATERIALS; GLASS; GRAIN SIZE AND SHAPE; HIGH TEMPERATURE PROPERTIES; LIGHT ABSORPTION; SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE MANUFACTURE; THIN FILM DEVICES;

CELL EFFICIENCY; CRYSTALLINE ABSORBER; LIGHT TRAPPING;

SILICON SOLAR CELLS;

EID: 0032593267     PISSN: 09478396     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s003390050989     Document Type: Article

References (95)

1. J.H. Werner, R. Bergmann, R. Brendel: In Festkörperprobleme/Advances in Solid State Physics, ed. by R. Helbig (Vieweg, Braunschweig 1994) Vol. 34, p. 115
2. A.V. Shah, R. Platz, H. Keppner: Solar Energy Mater. Solar Cells 38, 501 (1995)
3. A. Catalano: Solar Energy Mater. Solar Cells 41/42, 205 (1996)
4. Z. Shi, M.A. Green: Prog. Photovolt. Res. Appl. 6, 247 (1998)
5. R. Brendel, R.B. Bergmann, P. Lölgen, M. Wolf, J.H. Werner: Appl. Phys. Lett. 70, 390 (1997)
6. K. Yamamoto, T. Suzuki, M. Yoshimi, A. Nakajima: Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 36, L569 (1997)
7. H. Keppner, P. Torres, J. Meier, R. Platz, D. Fischer, U. Kroll, S. Dubail, J.A. Anna Selvan, N. Pellaton Vaucher, Y. Ziegler, R. Tscharner, Ch. Hof, N. Beck, M. Goetz, P. Pernet, M. Goerlitzer, N. Wyrsch, J. Veuille, J. Cuperus, A. Shah, J. Pohl: Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 452, 865 (1997)
8. T. Matsuyama, N. Terada, T. Baba, T. Sawada, S. Tsuge, K. Wakisaka, S. Tsuda: J. Non-Cryst. Solids 198-200, 940 (1996)
9. R. Brendel: In Proc. 14th Europ. Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conf., ed. by H.A. Ossenbrink, P. Helm, H. Ehmann (Stephens, Bedford, UK, 1997) p. 1354
10. H. Tayanaka, K. Yamauchi, T. Matsushita: In Proc. 2nd World Conference on Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conversion, ed. by J. Schmid, H.A. Ossenbrink, P. Helm, H. Ehmann, E.D. Dunlop (European Commission, Ispra 1998) p. 1272
11. J. Zhao, A. Wang, M.A. Green, F. Ferrazza: Appl. Phys. Lett. 73, 1991 (1998)
12. R.B. Bergmann, F.G. Shi, H.J. Queisser, J. Krinke: Appl. Surf. Sci. 123/124, 376 (1998)
13. M.A. Green, K. Emery, K. Bücher, D.L. King, S. Igari: Prog. Photovolt. Res. Appl. 6, 265 (1998)
14. H.G. Pfaender: Schott Guide to Glass (Chapman & Hall, London 1997)
15. B. Dimmler, H.W. Schock: Progr. Photovolt. Res. Appl. 4, 425 (1996)
16. R.G. Little, M.J. Nowlan: Prog. Photovolt. Res. Appl. 5, 309 (1997)
17. H.N. Wanka, M.B. Schubert, A. Hierzenberger, V. Baumung: In Proc. 14th Europ. Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conf., ed. by H.A. Ossenbrink, P. Helm, H. Ehmann (Stephens, Bedford, UK 1997) p. 1003
18. J. Meier, H. Keppner, S. Dubail, Y. Ziegler, L. Feitknecht, P. Torres, Ch. Hof, U. Kroll, D. Fischer, J. Cuperus, J.A. Anna Selvan, A. Shah: In Proc. 2nd World Conference on Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conversion, ed. by J. Schmid, H.A. Ossenbrink, P. Helm, H. Ehmann, E.D. Dunlop (European Commission, Ispra 1998) p. 375
19. O. Vetterl, P. Hapke, O. Kluth, A. Lambertz, S. Wieder, B. Rech, F. Finger, H. Wagner: Solid State Phenom. 67-68, 101 (1999)
20. A. Shah, J. Meier, P. Torres, U. Kroll, D. Fischer, N. Beck, N. Wyrsch, H. Keppner: In Proc. 26th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conf. (IEEE, Piscataway 1997) p. 569
21. P. Torres, J. Meier, M. Goetz, N. Beck, U. Kroll, H. Keppner, A. Shah: Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 452, 883 (1997)
22. P. Torres, J. Meier, U. Kroll, N. Beck, H. Keppner, A. Shah, U. Malang: In Proc. 26th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conf. (IEEE, Picataway 1997) p. 711
23. H. Brummack, R. Brüggemann, H.N. Wanka, A. Hierzenberger, M.B. Schubert: In Proc. 26th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conf. (IEEE, Picataway 1997) p. 679
24. J.K. Rath, H. Meiling, R.E.I. Schropp: Solar Energy Mater. Solar Cells 48, 269 (1997)
25. M.B. Schubert, R. Brüggemann, G. Bilger, A. Hierzenberger: In Proc. 2nd World Conference on Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conversion, ed. by J. Schmid, H.A. Ossenbrink, P. Helm, H. Ehmann, E.D. Dunlop (European Commission, Ispra 1998) p. 834
26. K. Yamamoto, A. Nakashima, T. Suzuki, M. Yoshimi: Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 33, L1751 (1994)
27. K. Yamamoto, M. Yoshimi, T. Suzuki, Y. Tawada, Y. Okamoto, A. Nakajima: In Proc. 2nd World Conference on Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conversion, ed. by J. Schmid, H.A. Ossenhrink, P. Helm, H. Ehmann, E.D. Dunlop, (European Commission, Ispra 1998) p. 1284
28. K. Yamamoto, M. Yoshimi, T. Suzuki, Y. Okamoto, Y. Tawada, A. Nakajima: In Proc. 26th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conf. (IEEE, Picataway 1997) p. 575
29. T. Matsuyama, N. Terada, T. Baba, T. Sawada, S. Tsuge, K. Wakisaka, S. Tsuda: J. Non-Cryst. Solids 198-200, 940 (1996)
30. M.A. Green, S.R. Wenham: Appl. Phys. Lett. 65, 2907 (1994)
31. Annu. Rev., Pacific Solar, Sydney, Australia (1997)
32. G.F. Zheng, S.R. Wenham, M.A. Green: Prog. Photovolt. Res. Appl. 4, 369 (1996)
33. M.A. Green: Prog. Photovolt. Res. Appl. 4, 375 (1996)
34. M. Goldbach, Th. Meyer, R. Brendel, U. Rau: Prog. Photovolt: Res. Appl. 7, 85 (1999)
35. M.B. Schubert: Thin Solid Films 337, 240 (1999)
36. R.B. Bergmann, C. Zaczek, N. Jensen, S. Oelting, J.H. Werner: Appl. Phys. Lett. 72, 2996 (1998)
37. R.B. Bergmann, J. Kohler, R. Dassow, C. Zaczek, J.H. Werner: Phys. Status Solidi A 166, 587 (1998)
38. R.B. Bergmann, R.M. Hausner, N. Jensen, M. Grauvogl, L. Oberbeck, T. Rinke, M.B. Schubert, Ch. Zaczek, R. Dassow, J.R. Köhler, U. Rau, S. Oelting, J. Krinke, H.P. Strunk, J.H. Werner: In Proc. 2nd World Conference on Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conversion, ed. by J. Schmid, H.A. Ossenbrink, P. Helm, H. Ehmann, E.D. Dunlop (European Commission, Ispra 1998) p. 1260
39. R. Dassow, J.R. Köhler, M. Grauvogl, R.B. Bergmann, J.H. Werner: Solid State Phenom. 67-68, 193 (1999)
40. G. Andrä, J. Bergmann, F. Falk, E. Ose, N.D. Sinh: Solid State Phenom. 67-68, 187 (1999)
41. A.M. Barnett, D.H. Ford, J.C. Checchi, J.S. Culik, R.B. Hall, E.L. Jackson, C.L. Kendall, J.A. Rand: In Proc 14th Europ. Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conf. (Stephens, Bedford, UK 1997) p. 999
42. Y. Bai, D.H. Ford, J.A. Rand, R.B. Hall, A.M. Barnett: In Proc. 26th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conf. (IEEE, Piscataway 1997) p. 35
43. D.H. Ford, J.A. Rand, A.M. Barnett, E.J. Delledonne, R.B. Hall, A.E. Ingram: In Proc. 2nd World Conference on Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conversion, ed. by J. Schmid, H.A. Ossenbrink, P. Helm, H. Ehmann, E.D. Dunlop (European Commission, Ispra 1998) p. 1205
44. T. Ishihara, S. Arimoto, H. Kumabe, T. Murotani: Prog. Photovolt. Res. Appl. 3, 105 (1995)
45. M. Pauli, M. Döscher, G. Dähn, J. Müller: Appl. Surf. Sci. 65/66, 525 (1993)
46. C. Hebling, S.W. Glunz, J.O. Schumacher, J. Knobloch: In Proc. 14th Europ. Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conf. (Stephens, Bedford, UK 1997) p. 2318
47. A. Takami, S. Arimoto, H. Morikawa, S. Hamamotor, T. Ishihara, H. Kumabe, T. Murotani: In Proc. 12th Europ. Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conf. (Stephens, Bedford, UK 1994) p. 59
48. R. Auer, J. Zettner, J. Krinke, G. Polisski, T. Hierl, R. Hezel, M. Schulz, H.P. Strunk, F. Koch, D. Nikl, H. v. Campe: In Proc. 26th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conf. (IEEE, Piscataway 1997) p. 739
49. T. Mishima, S. Itoh, G. Matuda, M. Yamamoto, K. Yamamoto, H. Kiyama, T. Yokoyama: In Tech. Digest 9th Int. Photovolt. Solar Energy Conf. (Dept. Electrical and Eletronic Engin., Tokyo 1996) p. 243
50. F. Tamura, Y. Okayasu, K. Kumagai: In Techn. Digest 7th Internat. Photovolt. Science and Engineering Conf. (Dept. Electr. and Computer Eng., Nagoya 1993) p. 237
51. J.D. Levine, G.B. Hotchkiss, M.D. Hammerbacher: In Proc. 22nd IEEE Photov. Specialists Conf. (IEEE Publishing Service, New York 1991) p. 1045
52. R.R. Schmit, J.S. Reynolds, J.K. Arch, G.D. Stevens: In Proc. 1st World Conf. on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion (IEEE, Piscataway 1994) p. 1603
53. R. Shimokawa, K. Ishii, H. Nishikawa, T. Takahashi, Y. Hayashi, I. Saito, F. Nagamina, S. Igari: Solar Energy Mater. Solar Cells 34, 277 (1994)
54. H.S. Reehal, M.J. Thwaites, T.M. Bruton: Phys. Status Solidi A 154, 623 (1996)
55. H. Somberg: In Proc. 22nd IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conf. (IEEE, Piscatway 1991) p. 1049
56. R.E. Wallace, J.I. Hanoka, S. Narasimha, S. Kamra, A. Rohatgi: In Proc. 26th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conf. (IEEE, Piscataway 1997) p. 99
57. S. Narasimha, G. Crotty, T. Krygowski, A. Rohatgi, D.E. Meier: In Proc. 26th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conf. (IEEE, Piscataway 1997) p. 235
58. B.A. Andersson, C. Azar, J. Holmberg, S. Karlsson: Energy 23, 407 (1998)
59. R. Brendel, M. Hirsch, R. Plieninger, J.H. Werner: In Proc 13th Europ. Photovolt. Solar Energy Conf., ed. by W. Freiesleben, W. Palz, H.A. Ossenbrink, P. Helm (Stephens, Bedford, UK 1995) p. 432
60. J. Zhao, A. Wang, S.R. Wenham, M.A. Green: In Proc 13th Europ. Photovolt. Solar Energy Conference, ed. by W. Freiesleben, W. Palz, H.A. Ossenbrink, P. Helm (Stephens, Bedford, UK 1995) p. 1566
61. C. Hebling, S. Reber, K. Schmidt, R. Lüdemann, F. Lutz: In Proc. 26th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conf. (IEEE, Piscataway 1997) p. 623
62. M. Imaizumi, T. Itoh, M. Yamaguchi, K. Kaneko: J. Appl. Phys. 81, 7635 (1997)
63. Schott Corp.: Product information on glass. BOROFLOAT nos. 33, AF37 and 40 (1997)
64. F.P. Fehlner: J. Non-Cryst. Solids 218, 360 (1997)
65. D.M. Moffatt-Fairbanks, D.L. Tennent: Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 471, 9 (1997)
66. R.B. Bergmann, J.G. Darrant, A.R. Hyde, J.H. Werner: J. Non-Cryst. Solids 218, 388
67. T. Kamins: Polycrystalline Silicon for Integrated Circuit Applications (Kluwer, Dordrecht 1988)
68. R. Carius, F. Finger, U. Backhausen, M. Luysberg, P. Hapke, L. Houben, M. Otte, H. Overhof: Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 467, 283 (1997)
69. J. Zimmer, H. Stiebig, P. Hapke, H. Wagner: In Proc. 2nd World Conference on Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conversion, ed. by J. Schmid, H.A. Ossenbrink, P. Helm, H. Ehmann, E.D. Dunlop (European Commission, Ispra 1998) p. 796
70. R. Brüggemann: Appl. Phys. Lett. 73, 499 (1998)
71. N. Wyrsch, P. Torres, J. Meier, A. Shah: J. Non-Cryst. Solids 227-230, 1272 (1998)
72. D. Ruff, H. Mell, L. Toth, I. Sieber, W. Fuhs: J. Non-Cryst. Solids 227-230, 1011 (1998)
73. C.R.M. Grovenor: J. Phys. C 18, 4079 (1985)
74. R. Plieninger, H.N. Wanka, J. Kühnle, J.H. Werner: Appl. Phys. Lett. 71, 2169 (1997)
75. S. Ostapenko, L. Jastrebski, J. Lagowski, R.K. Smeltzer: Appl. Phys. Lett. 68, 2873 (1996)
76. R. Brendel, R.B. Bergmann, B. Fischer, J. Krinke, R. Plieninger, U. Rau, J. Reiß, H.P. Strunk, H. Wanka, J.H. Werner: In Proc. 26th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conf. (IEEE, Picataway 1997) p. 635
77. R.B. Bergmann, J. Krinke, H.P. Strunk, J.H. Werner: Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 467, 352 (1997)
78. R.B. Bergmann, F.G. Shi, J. Krinke: Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 1011 (1998)
79. J.H. Werner: Solid State Phenom. 37-38, 213 (1994)
80. H. Nagel, A.G. Aberle, S. Narayanan: Solid State Phenom. 67-68, 229 (1999)
81. W. Warta, J. Sutter, B.F. Wagner, R. Schindler: In Proc. 2nd World Conference on Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conversion, ed. by J. Schmid, H.A. Ossenbrink, P. Helm, H. Ehmann, E.D. Dunlop (European Commission, Ispra 1998) p. 1650
82. M. Bruel, B. Aspar, A.-J. Auberton-Herve: Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 36, 1636 (1997)
83. K.J. Weber, K. Catchpole, M. Stocks, A.W. Blakers: In Proc. 26th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conf. (IEEE, Piscataway 1997) p. 107
84. R. Brendel, H. Artmann, S. Oelting, W. Frey, J.H. Werner, H.J. Queisser: Appl. Phys. A. 67, 151 (1998)
85. T.J. Rinke, R.B. Bergmann, R. Brüggemann, J.H. Werner: Solid State Phenomena 67-68, 229 (1999)
86. T.J. Rinke, R.B. Bergmann, J.H. Werner: Appl. Phys. A 68, 705 (1999)
87. R. Bergmann: J. Cryst. Growth 110, 823 (1991)
88. K.J. Weber, K. Catchpole, A.W. Blakers: J. Crystal Growth 186, 369 (1998)
89. K.R. Catchpole, K.J. Weber, A.B. Sproul, A.W. Blakers: In Proc. 2nd World Conference on Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conversion, ed. by J. Schmid, H.A. Ossenbrink, P. Helm, H. Ehmann, E.D. Dunlop (European Commission, Ispra 1998) p. 1336
90. R. Brendel, D. Scholten, M. Schulz, S. Oelting, H. Artmann, W. Frey, J. Krinke, H.P. Strunk, J.H. Werner: In Proc. 2nd World Conference on Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conversion, ed. by J. Schmid, H.A. Ossenbrink, P. Helm, H. Ehmann, E.D. Dunlop (European Commission, Ispra 1998) p. 1242
91. W. Shockley, H.J. Queisser: J. Appl. Phys. 32, 510 (1961)
92. J.H. Werner, S. Kolodinski, H.J. Queisser: Phys. Rev. Lett. 27, 3851 (1994)
93. C. Donolato: Semicond. Sci. Technol. 13, 781 (1998)
94. R. Brendel, U. Rau: Solid State Phenom. 67-68, 81 (1999)
95. S.A. Edminston, G. Heiser, A.B. Sproul, M.A. Green: J. Appl. Phys. 80, 6783 (1996)