Analysis of the targeting of the hypermutational machinery and the impact of subsequent selection on the distribution of nucleotide changes in human V(H)DJ(H) rearrangements

Immunological Reviews

Volumn 162, Issue , 1998, Pages 161-171

  Dörner, Thomas ^a   Foster, Sandra J ^a   Brezinschek, Hans Peter ^a   Lipsky, Peter E ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS SOUTHWESTERN MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

B LYMPHOCYTE; GENE REARRANGEMENT; GENE TARGETING; IMMUNOGLOBULIN GENE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RECEPTOR GENE; REVIEW;

B-LYMPHOCYTES; BASE SEQUENCE; CODON; GENE REARRANGEMENT; HUMANS; IMMUNOGLOBULIN DELTA-CHAINS; IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY CHAINS; IMMUNOGLOBULIN J-CHAINS; IMMUNOGLOBULIN VARIABLE REGION; MOLECULAR SEQUENCE DATA; MUTATION;

EID: 0031945415     PISSN: 01052896     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-065X.1998.tb01439.x     Document Type: Review

References (55)

1. Tonegawa S. Somatic generation of antibody diversity. Nature 1983;302:575-581.
2. Radic MZ, Zouali M. Receptor editing, immune diversification, and self-tolerance. Immunity 1996;5:505-511.
3. Kelsoe G. Life and death in germinal centers (redux). Immunity 1996;4:107-111.
4. Weigert MG, Cesari IM, Yonkovich SJ, Cohn M. Variability in the lambda chain sequences of mouse antibody. Nature 1970;228:1045-1047.
5. Rajewski K, Förster I, Cumano A. Evolutionary and somatic selection of the antibody repertoire in the mouse. Science 1987;238:1088-1094.
6. Berek C, Milstein C. The dynamic nature of the antibody repertoire. Immunol Rev 1988;105:5-26.
7. Berek C, Milstein C. Mutation drift and repertoire shift in the maturation of the immune response. Immunol Rev 1987;96:23-41.
8. Schlomchik MJ, Aucoin AH, Pisetsky DS, Weigert MG. Structure and function of anti-DNA autoantibodies derived from a single autoimmune mouse. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1987;84:9150-9154.
9. Berek C. The development of B cells and the B-cell repertoire in the microenvironment of the germinal center Immunol Rev 1992;126:5-19.
10. H genes. J Immunol 1997;158:2779-2789.
11. Reynaud CA, Garcia C, Hein WR, Weill JC. Hypermutation generating the sheep immunoglobulin repertoire is an antigen-independent process. Cell 1995;80:115-125.
12. H genes are inherendy susceptible to amino acid replacement. Immunol Today 1994;15:367-372.
13. Bachl J, Wabl M. An immunoglobulin mutator that targets G-C base pairs. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1996;93:851-855.
14. Betz AG, Milstein C, Gonzalez-Fernandez A, Panell R, Larson T, Neuberger MS. Elements regulating somatic hypermutation of an immunglobulin K gene: critical role for the intron enhancer/matrix attachment region. Cell 1994;77:239-248.
15. Both GW, Taylor L, Pollard JW, Steele EJ. Distribution of mutations around rearranged heavy-chain antibody variable-region genes. Mol Cell Biol 1990;10:5187-5196.
16. Peters A, Storb U. Somatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin genes is linked to transcription initiation. Immunity 1996;4:57-65.
17. Umar A, Schweitzer PA, Levy NS, Gearhart JD, Gearhart PJ. Mutation in a reporter gene depends on proximity to and transcription of immunoglobulin variable transgenes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1991;88:4902-4906.
18. Azuma T, Motoyama N, Fields L, Loh D. Mutations of the chloramphenical acetyl transferase transgene driven by the immunoglobulin promoter and intron enhancer. Int Immunol 1993;5:121-130.
19. Yelamos J, et al. Targeting of non-Ig sequences in place of V segment by somatic hypermutation. Nature 1995;376:225-229.
20. Ray SK, Putterman C, Diamond B. Pathogenic autoantibodies are routinely generated during the response to foreign antigen: a paradigm for autoimmune disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1996;93:2019-2024.
21. Borretzen M, Chapman C, Natvig JB, Thompson KM. Differences in the mutational patterns between rheumatoid factors in health and disease are related to variable heavy chain family and germline gene usage. Eur J Immunol 1997;27:735-741.
22. Isenberg DA, Rahman MA, Ravirajan CT, Kalsi JK. Anti-DNA antibodies: from gene usage to crystal structures. Immunol Today 1997;18:149-153.
23. Putterman C, Limpanasithikul W, Edelman M, Diamond B. The double edged sword of the immune response: mutational analysis of a murine anti-pneumococcal, anti-DNA antibody. J Clin Invest 1996;97:2251-2259.
24. Dörner T, Brezinschek HP, Foster SJ, Brezinschek RI, Farner NL, Lipsky PE. Delineation of selective influences shaping the mutated expressed human immunglobulin heavy chain repertoire. J Immunol 1998;160:2831-2841.
25. Dörner T, Brezinschek HP, Foster SJ, Brezinschek RI, Farner NL, Lipsky PE. Comparable impact of mutational and selective influences in shaping the expressed repertoire of peripheral IgM+/CD5- and IgM+/CD5+ B cells. Eur J Immunol 1998;28:657-668.
26. Lam KP, Kühn R, Rajewski K. In vivo ablation of surface immunoglobulin on mature B cells by inducible gene targeting results in rapid cell death. Cell 1997;90:1073-1083.
27. Brezinschek HP, Brezinschek RI, Lipsky PE. Analysis of the heavy chain repertoire of human peripheral B cells using single-cell polymerase chain reaction. J Immunol 1995;155:190-199.
28. Brezinschek HP, Foster SJ, Brezinschek RI, Dörner T, Domiati-Saad R, Lipsky PE. Analysis of the human VH gene repertoire: differential effects of selection and somatic hypermutation on human peripheral CD5+/IgM+ and CD5-/IgM+ B cells. J Clin Invest 1997;99:2488-2501.
29. Kim N, Kage K, Matsuda F, Lefranc MP, Storb U. B lymphocytes of xeroderma pigmentosum or Cockayne syndrome with inherited defects in nucleotide excision repair are fully capable of somatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin genes. J Exp Med 1997;186:413-419.
30. Applequist SE, Selg M, Raman C, Jäck HM. Cloning and characterization of HUPF1, a human homolog of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae nonsense mRNA-reducing UPF1 protein. Nucleic Acids Res 1997;25:814-821.
31. Gonzalez-Fernandez A, Milstein C. Analysis of somatic hypermutation in mouse Peyer's patches using immunoglobulin κ light-chain transgenes. Proc Acad Sci USA 1993;90:9862-9866.
32. Sharpe MJ, Milstein C, Jarvis JM, Neuberger MS. Somatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin kappa may depend on sequences 3′ of C kappa and occurs on passenger transgenes. EMBO J 1991;10:2139-2145.
33. Tumas-Brundage K, Manser T. The transcriptional promoter regulates hypermutation of the antibody heavy chain locus. J Exp Med 1997;185:239-250.
34. Wagner SD, Neuberger MS. Somatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin genes. Annu Rev Immunol 1996;14:441-457.
35. Wagner SD, Milstein C, Neuberger MS. Codon bias targets mutation. Nature 1995;376:732.
36. Jolly CJ, Wagner SD, Rada C, Klix N, Milstein C, Neuberger MS. The targeting of somatic hypermutation. Semin Immunol 1996;8:159-168.
37. Reynaud CA, Quint L, Bertocci B, Weill JC. Introduction: what mechanism(s) drive hypermutation? Semin Immunol 1996;8:125-129.
38. Betz AG, Neuberger MS, Milstein C. Discriminating intrinsic and antigen-selected mutational hotspots in immunoglobulin V genes. Immunol Today 1993;14:405-411.
39. Shlomchik MJ, Nemazee DA, Sato VL, VanSnick J, Carson DA, Weigert MG. Variable region sequences of murine IgM anti-IgG monoclonal autoantibodies (rheumatoid factors). A structural explanation for the high frequency of IgM anti-IgG B cells. J Exp Med 1987;164:407-427.
40. H gene expression in CD5+ and CD5- B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood 1995;10:3883-3890.
41. Quin Y, Greiner A, Trunk MJF. Schmausser B, Ott MM, Müller-Härmelink HK. Somatic hypermutation in low-grade mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue-type B-cell lymphoma. Blood 1995;86:3528-3534.
42. L gene analysis in sporadic Burkitt's lymphoma shows somatic hypermutation, intraclonal heterogeneity, and a role for antigen selection. Blood 1996;88:3562-3568.
43. Chothia C, Lesk AM. Canonical structures for the hypervariable regions on immunoglobulins. J Mol Biol 1987;196:901-917.
44. Wedemayer GJ, Patten PA, Wang LH, Schultz PG, Stevens RC. Structural insights into the evolution of an antibody combining site. Science 1997;276:1665-1669.
45. Smith DS, Creadon G, Jena PK, Portanova JP, Kotzin BL, Wysocki LJ. Di- and trinucleotide target preferences of somatic mutagenesis in normal and autoreactive B cells. J Immunol 1996;156:2642-2652.
46. Rogozin IB, Kolchanov NA. Somatic hypermutagenesis in immunoglobulin genes. II. Influence of neighbouring base sequences on mutagenesis. Biochem Biophys Acta 1992;1171:11-18.
47. Maizels N. Somatic hypermutation: how many mechanisms diversify V region sequences? Cell 1995;83:9-12.
48. Gonzalez-Fernandez A, Gupta SK, Pannell R, Neuberger MS, Milstein C. Somatic mutation of immunoglobulin λ chains: a segment of the major intron hypermutates as much as the complementarity-determining regions. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1994;91:12614-12618.
49. Neuberger MS, Milstein C. Somatic hypermutation. Curr Opin Immunol 1995;7:248-254.
50. Scharff MD, Poltoratsky V, Green NS. The promotion of V region hypermutation. J Exp Med 1997;185:185-188.
51. Pascual V, Liu YJ, Magalski A, de Boutellier O, Banchereau J, Capra JD. Analysis of somatic mutation in five B cell subsets of human tonsil. J Exp Med 1994;180:329-339.
52. Eilat D, Webster DM, Rees AR. V region sequences of anti-DNA and anti-RNA autoantibodies from NZB/NZW F1 mice. J Immunol 1988;141:1745-1753.
53. Diamond B, Scharff MD. Somatic mutation of the T15 heavy chain gives rise to an antibody with autoantibody specificity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1984;81:5841-5844.
54. Naparstek Y, et al. A single germline VH gene segment of normal A/J mice encodes autoantibodies characteristic of systemic lupus erythematosus. J Exp Med 1986;164:614-626.
55. Prak EL, Weigert M. Light chain replacement: a new model for antibody rearrangement. J Exp Med 1995;182:541-548.