Disruption of cholesterol homeostasis by plant sterols

Journal of Clinical Investigation

Volumn 114, Issue 6, 2004, Pages 813-822

  Yang, Chendong ^a   Yu, Liqing ^a   Li, Weiping ^b   Xu, Fang ^b   Cohen, Jonathan C ^b   Hobbs, Helen H ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS SOUTHWESTERN MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS SOUTHWESTERN MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ABC TRANSPORTER; CHOLESTEROL; EZETIMIBE; LIPOPROTEIN RECEPTOR; LIVER X RECEPTOR; PHYTOSTEROL; SITOSTEROL; STEROL REGULATORY ELEMENT BINDING PROTEIN 2; STIGMASTEROL;

ADRENAL GLAND; ANIMAL CELL; ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL TISSUE; ARTICLE; CHOLESTEROL METABOLISM; CONTROLLED STUDY; FAT INTAKE; FOOD COMPOSITION; HOMEOSTASIS; LIPID COMPOSITION; LIPOPROTEIN METABOLISM; MOUSE; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN PROCESSING;

EID: 9644281617     PISSN: 00219738     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1172/JCI22186     Document Type: Article

References (63)

1. Kuksis, A., Marai, L., Myher, J.J., and Geher, K. 1976. Identification of plant sterols in plasma and red blood cells of man and experimental animals. Lipids. 11:581-586.
2. Berge, K.E., et al. 2000. Accumulation of dietary cholesterol in sitosterolemia caused by mutations in adjacent ABC transporters. Science. 290:1771-1775.
3. Lee, M.H., et al. 2001. Identification of a gene, ABCG5, important in the regulation of dietary cholesterol absorption. Nat. Genet. 27:79-83.
4. Bhattacharyya, A.K., and Connor, W.E. 1974. Beta-sitosterolemia and xanthomatosis. A newly described lipid storage disease in two sisters. J. Clin. Invest. 53:1033-1043.
5. Salen, G., et al. 1989. Increased sitosterol absorption, decreased removal, and expanded body pools compensate for reduced cholesterol synthesis in sitosterolemia with xanthomatosis. J. Lipid Res. 30:1319-1330.
6. Yu, L., et al. 2002. Disruption of Abcg5 and Abcg8 in mice reveals their crucial role in biliary cholesterol secretion. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 99:16237-16242.
7. Yu, L., Von Bergmann, K., Lutjohann, D., Hobbs, H.H., and Cohen, J.C. 2004. Selective sterol accumulation in ABCG5/ABCG8-deficient mice. J. Lipid. Res. 45:301-307.
8. Gwynne, J.T., Mahaffee, D, Brewer, H.B., Jr., and Ney, R.L. 1976. Adrenal cholesterol uptake from plasma lipoprotein: regulation by corticotropin. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 73:4329-4333.
9. Andersen, J.M., and Dietschy, J.M. 1978. Relative importance of high and low density lipoproteins in the tegulation of cholesterol synthesis in the adrenal gland, ovary, and testis of the rat. J. Biol. Chem. 253:9024-9032.
10. Temel, R.E., et al. 1997. Scavenger receptor class B, type I (SR-BI) is the major route for the delivery of high density lipoprotein cholesterol to the steroidogenic pathway in cultured mouse adrenocortical cells. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 94:13600-13605.
11. Brown, M.S., Kovanen, P.T., and Goldstein, J.L. 1979. Receptor-mediated uptake of lipoportein-cholesterol and its utilization for steroid synthesis in the adrenal cortex. Recent Prog. Horm. Res. 35:215-257.
12. Kovanen, P.T., Schneider, W.J., Hillman, G.M., Goldstein, J.L., and Brown, M.S. 1979. Separate mechanisms for the uptake of high and low density lipoproteins by mouse adrenal gland in vivo. J. Biol. Chem. 254:5498-5505.
13. Carr, B.R., Porter, J.C., MacDonald, P.C., and Simpson, E.R. 1980. Metabolism of low density lipoprotein by human fetal adrenal tissue. Endocrinology. 107:1034-1040,
14. Kovanen, P.T., Goldstein, J.L., Chappell, D.A., and Brown, M.S. 1980. Regulation of low density lipoprotein receptors by adrenocorticotropin in the adrenal gland of mice and racs in vivo. J. Biol Chem. 255:5591-5598.
15. Rigotti, A., et al. 1996. Regulation by adrenocorticotropic hormone of the in vivo expression of scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI), a high density lipoprotein receptor, in steroidogenic cells of the murine adrenal gland. J. Biol. Chem. 271:33545-33549.
16. Cao, G., et al. 1999. Developmental and hormonal regulation of murine scavenger receptor, class B, type 1. Mol. Endocrinol. 13:1460-1473.
17. Plump, A.S., et al. 1996. Apolipoprotein A-I is required for cholesteryl ester accumulation in steroidogenic cells and for normal adrenal steroid production. J. Clin. Invest. 97:2660-2671.
18. Ng, D.S., et al. 1997. Disruption of the murine lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase gene causes impairment of adrenal lipid delivery and up-regulation of scavenger receptor class B type I. J. Biol. Chem. 272:15777-15781.
19. Rigotti, A., et al. 1997. A targeted mutation in the murine gene encoding the high density lipoprotein (HDL) receptor scavenger receptor class B type I reveals its key role in HDL metabolism. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 94:12610-12615.
20. Gwynne, J.T., and Strauss, J.F., III. 1982. The role of lipoproteins in steroidogenesis and cholesterol metabolism in steroidogenic glands. Endocr. Rev. 3:299-329.
21. Meiner, V.L., et al. 1996. Disruption of the acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase gene in mice: evidence suggesting multiple cholesterol esterification enzymes in mammals. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 93:14041-14046.
22. Costet, P., Luo, Y., Wang, N., and Tall, A.R. 2000. Sterol-dependent transactivation of the ABC1 promoter by the liver X receptor/retinoid X receptor. J. Biol. Chem. 275:28240-28245.
23. Repa, J.J., et al. 2000. Regulation of mouse sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c gene (SREBP-1c) by oxysterol receptors, LXRα and LXRβ. Genes Dev. 14:2819-2830.
24. Joseph, S.B., et al. 2002. Direct and indirect mechanisms for regulation of fatty acid synthase gene expression by liver X receptors. J. Biol. Chem. 277:11019-11025.
25. Sun, Y., et al. 2003. Stearoyl-CoA desaturase inhibits ATP-binding cassette transporter A1-mediated cholesterol efflux and modulates membrane domain structure. J. Biol. Chem. 278:5813-5820.
26. Van Heek, M., et al. 1997. In vivo metabolism-based discovery of a potent cholesterol absorption inhibitor, SCH58235, in the rat and rhesus monkey through the identification of the active metabolites of SCH48461. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 283:157-163.
27. Horton, J.D., Goldstein, J.L., and Brown, M. 2002. SREBPs: activators of the complete program of cholesterol and fatty acid synthesis in the liver. J Clin. Invest. 109:1125-1131. doi:10.1172/JCI200215593.
28. Ou, J., et al. 2001. Unsaturated fatty acids inhibit transcription of the sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) gene by antagonizing ligand-dependent activation of the LXR. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 98:6027-6032.
29. Reaven, E., et al. 1998. Expression and microvillar localization of scavenger receptor, class B, type I (a high density lipoprotein receptor) in luteinized and hormone-desensitized rat ovarian models. Endocrinology. 139:2847-2856.
30. Field, F.J., Born, E., and Mathur, S.N. 2004. LXR/RXR ligand activation enhances the basolateral efflux of beta -sitosterol in CaCo-2 cells. J. Lipid Res. 45:905-914.
31. Schwartz, K., Lawn, R.M., and Wade, D.P. 2000. ABC1 gene expression and ApoA-I-mediated cholesterol efflux are regulated by LXR. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 274:794-802.
32. Repa, J.J., et al. 2000. Regulation of absorption and ABC1-mediated efflux of cholesterol by RXR heterodimers. Science. 289:1524-1529.
33. Kaneko, E., et al. 2003. Induction of intestinal ATP-binding cassette transporters by a phytosterol-derived liver X receptor agonist. J. Biol. Chem. 278:36091-36098.
34. Lawn, R.M., et al. 1999. The Tangier disease gene product ABC1 controls the cellular apolipoprotein-mediated lipid removal pathway. J. Clin. Invest. 104:25-31.
35. Can, X., et al. 2001. Dual mechanisms of ABCA1 regulation by geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate. J. Biol. Chem. 276:48702-48708.
36. Arakawa, R., and Yokoyama, S. 2002. Helical apolipoproteins stabilize ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 by protecting it from thiol protease-mediated degradation. J. Biol. Chem. 277:22426-22429.
37. Martinez, L.O., Agerholm-Larsen, B., Wang, N., Chen, W., and Tall, A.R. 2003. Phosphorylation of a Pest sequence in ABCA1 promotes calpain degradation and is reversed by ApoA-1. J. Biol. Chem. 278:37368-37374.
38. Wang, Y., and Oram, J.F. 2002. Unsaturated fatty acids inhibit cholesterol efflux from macrophages by increasing degradation of ATP-binding cassette transporter A1. J. Biol. Chem. 277:5692-5697.
39. Wang, N., Weng, W., Breslow, J.L., and Tall, A.R. 1996. Scavenger receptor BI (SR-BI) is up-regulated in adrenal gland in apolipoprotein A-I and hepatic lipase knock-out mice as a response to depletion of cholesterol stores. In vivo evidence that SR-BI is a functional high density lipoprotein receptor under feedback control. J. Biol. Chem. 271:21001-21004.
40. Balasubramaniam, S., Goldstein, J.L., Faust, J.R., Brunschede, G.Y., and Brown, M.S. 1977. Lipoprotein-mediated regulation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase activity and cholesteryl ester metabolism in the adrenal gland of the rat. J. Biol. Chem. 252:1771-1779.
41. Sun, Y., Wang, N., and Tall, A.R. 1999. Regulation of adrenal scavenger receptor-BI expression by ACTH and cellular cholesterol pools. J. Lipid Res. 40:1799-1805.
42. Field, F.J., Born, E., and Mathur, S.N. 1997. Effect of micellar beta-sitosterol on cholesterol metabolism in CaCo-2 cells. J. Lipid Res. 38:348-360.
43. Brown, M.S., and Goldstein, J.L. 1974. Suppression of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase activity and inhibition of growth of human fibroblasts by 7-ketocholesterol. J. Biol. Chem. 249:7306-7314.
44. Brown, M.S., and Goldstein, J.L. 1997. The SREBP pathway: regulation of cholesterol metabolism by proteolysis of a membrane-bound transcription factor. Cell. 89:331-340.
45. Aringer, L., Eneroth, P., and Nordstrom, L. 1979. Side-chain cleavage of 4-cholesten-3-one, 5-cholesten-3a-ol, b-sitosterol, and related steroids in endocrine tissues from rat and man. J. Steroid Biochem. 11:1271-1285.
46. Arthur, J.R., Blair, H.A.F., Boyd, G.S., Mason, J.I., and Suckling, K.E. 1976. Oxidation of cholesterol and cholesterol analogues by mitochondrial preparations of steroid-hormone-producing tissue. Biochem. J. 158:47-51.
47. Morisaki, M., Duque, C., Ikekawa, N., and Shikita, M. 1980. Substrate specificity of adrenocortical cytochrome P-450scc-I. Effect of structural modification of cholesterol side-chain on pregnenolone production. J. Steroid Biochem. 13:545-550.
48. Salen, G., et al. 1985. Lethal atherosclerosis associated with abnormal plasma and tissue sterol composition in sitosterolemia with xanthomatosis. J. Lipid Res. 26:1126-1133.
49. Herz, J., Kowal, R.C., Ho, Y.K., Brown, M.S., and Goldstein, J.L. 1990. Low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein mediates endocytosis of monoclonal antibodies in cultured cells and rabbit liver. J. Biol. Chem. 265:21355-21362.
50. Landschulz, K.T., Pathak, R.K., Rigotti, A., Krieger, M., and Hobbs, H.H. 1996. Regulation of scavenger receptor, class B, type I, a high density lipoprotein receptor, in liver and steroidogenic tissues of the rat. J. Clin. Invest. 98:984-995.
51. Shimano, H., et al. 1997. Elevated levels of SREBP-2 and cholesterol synthesis in livers of mice homozygous for a targeted disruption of the SREBP-1 gene. J Clin. Invest. 100:2115-2124.
52. Liscum, L., et al. 1983. Regulation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl Coenzyme A reductase and its mRNA in rat liver as studied with a monoclonal antibody and a cDNA probe. J. Biol. Chem. 258:8450-8455.
53. Fitzgerald, M.L., et al. 2001. ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 contains an NH2-terminal signal anchor sequence that translocates the protein's first hydrophilic domain to the exoplasmic space. J. Biol. Chem. 276:15137-15145.
54. Sheehan, D.C., and Hrapchak, B.B. 1980. Theory and practice of histotechnology. 2nd Edition. Mosby. St. Louis, Missouri, USA. 481 pp.
55. Gruenewald, D.A., Hess, D.L., Wilkinson, C.W., and Matsumoto, A.M. 1992. Excessive testicular progesterone secretion in aged male Fischer 344 rats: a potential cause of age-related gonadotropin suppression and confounding variable in aging studies. J. Gerontol. 47:B164-B170.
56. Liang, G., et al. 2002. Diminished hepatic response to fasting/refeeding and LXR agonists in mice with selective deficiency of SREBP-1c. J. Biol. Chem. 277:9520-9528.
57. Yang, J., et al. 2001. Decreased lipid synthesis in livers of mice with disrupted Site-1 protease gene. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 98:13607-13612.
58. Sever, N., Yang, T., Brown, M.S., Goldstein, J.L., and DeBose-Boyd, R-A. 2003. Accelerated degradation of HMG CoA reductase mediated by binding of insig-1 to its sterol-sensing domain. Mol. Cell. 11:25-33.
59. Kraemer, F.B., et al. 2002. Adrenal neutral cholesteryl ester hydrolase: identification, subcellular distribution, and sex differences. Endocrinology. 143:801-806.
60. Ho, Y.K., Faust, J.R., Bilheimer, D.W., Brown, M.S., and Goldstein, J.L. 1977. Regulation of cholesterol synthesis by low density lipoprotein in isolated human lymphocytes. J. Exp. Med. 145:1531-1549.
61. Willy, P.J., et al. 1995. LXR, a nuclear receptor that defines a distinct retinoid response pathway. Genes Der. 9:1033-1045.
62. Cheng, J.B., Motola, D.L., Mangeisdorf, D.J., and Russell, D.W. 2003. De-orphanization of cytochrome P450 2R1: a microsomal vitamin D 25-hydroxylase. J. Biol. Chem. 278:38084-38093.
63. Berge, K.E., et al. 2002. Heritability of plasma noncholesterol sterols and relationship to DNA sequence polymorphism in ABCG5 and ABCG8. J. Lipid Res. 43:486-494.