Serotonin in Pain and Pain Control

Handbook of Behavioral Neuroscience

Volumn 21, Issue , 2010, Pages 457-471

  Sommer, Claudia ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WÜRZBURG   (Germany)

Author keywords

hyperalgesia; inflammation; neurotransmitters; pain; pain pathways; serotonin (5 HT)

Indexed keywords

EID: 85097087415     PISSN: 15697339     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1016/S1569-7339(10)70096-5     Document Type: Chapter

References (158)

1. 2A receptors potentiates pain produced by inflammatory mediators. Neuropharmacology 35 (1996), 99–110.
2. Abbott, F.V., Hong, Y., Blier, P., Persisting sensitization of the behavioural response to formalin-induced injury in the rat through activation of serotonin2A receptors. Neuroscience 77 (1997), 575–584.
3. Aley, K.O., Levine, J.D., Role of protein kinase A in the maintenance of inflammatory pain. J. Neurosci. 19 (1999), 2181–2186.
4. Aley, K.O., McCarter, G., Levine, J.D., Nitric oxide signaling in pain and nociceptor sensitization in the rat. J. Neurosci. 18 (1998), 7008–7014.
5. Aley, K.O., Messing, R.O., Mochly-Rosen, D., Levine, J.D., Chronic hypersensitivity for inflammatory nociceptor sensitization mediated by the epsilon isozyme of protein kinase C. J. Neurosci. 20 (2000), 4680–4685.
6. 3 receptor-mediated antinociception: possible release of GABA. J. Neurosci. 11 (1991), 1881–1888.
7. Arvieu, L., Mauborgne, A., Bourgoin, S., Oliver, C., Feltz, P., Hamon, M., Cesselin, F., Sumatriptan inhibits the release of CGRP and substance P from the rat spinal cord. Neuroreport 7 (1996), 1973–1976.
8. Ayzenberg, I., Obermann, M., Leineweber, K., Franke, L., Yoon, M.S., Diener, H.C., Katsarava, Z., Increased activity of serotonin uptake in platelets in medication overuse headache following regular intake of analgesics and triptans. J. Headache Pain 9 (2008), 109–112.
9. Babenko, V., Svensson, P., Graven-Nielsen, T., Drewes, A.M., Jensen, T.S., Arendt-Nielsen, L., Duration and distribution of experimental muscle hyperalgesia in humans following combined infusions of serotonin and bradykinin. Brain Res. 853 (2000), 275–281.
10. Bardin, L., Bardin, M., Lavarenne, J., Eschalier, A., Effect of intrathecal serotonin on nociception in rats: influence of the pain test used. Exp. Brain Res. 113 (1997), 81–87.
11. Basbaum, A.I., Fields, H.L., Endogenous pain control mechanisms: review and hypothesis. Ann. Neurol. 4 (1978), 451–462.
12. Bengel, D., Murphy, D.L., Andrews, A.M., Wichems, C.H., Feltner, D., Heils, A., Mossner, R., Westphal, H., Lesch, K.P., Altered brain serotonin homeostasis and locomotor insensitivity to 3, 4- methylenedioxymethamphetamine (‘Ecstasy’) in serotonin transporter-deficient mice. Mol. Pharmacol. 53 (1998), 649–655.
13. Berrocoso, E., De Benito, M.D., Mico, J.A., Role of serotonin 5-HT1A and opioid receptors in the antiallodynic effect of tramadol in the chronic constriction injury model of neuropathic pain in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl.) 193 (2007), 97–105.
14. Bingham, S., Davey, P.T., Sammons, M., Raval, P., Overend, P., Parsons, A.A., Inhibition of inflammation-induced thermal hypersensitivity by sumatriptan through activation of 5-HT(1B/1D) receptors. Exp. Neurol. 167 (2001), 65–73.
15. Bonaventure, P., Langlois, X., Leysen, J.E., Co-localization of 5-HT1B- and 5-HT1D receptor mRNA in serotonergic cell bodies in guinea pig dorsal raphe nucleus: a double labeling in situ hybridization histochemistry study. Neurosci. Lett. 254 (1998), 113–116.
16. 2A-receptor gene in fibromyalgia. Neurobiol. Dis. 6 (1999), 433–439.
17. Borroni, B., Brambilla, C., Liberini, P., Rao, R., Archetti, S., Gipponi, S., Dalla Volta, G., Padovani, A., Functional serotoin 5-HTTLPR polymorphism is a risk factor for migraine with aura. J. Headache Pain 6 (2005), 182–184.
18. Bradley, S.R., Pieribone, V.A., Wang, W., Severson, C.A., Jacobs, R.A., Richerson, G.B., Chemosensitive serotonergic neurons are closely associated with large medullary arteries. Nat. Neurosci. 5 (2002), 401–402.
19. Cardenas, C.G., Del Mar, L.P., Cooper, B.Y., Scroggs, R.S., 5HT4 receptors couple positively to tetrodotoxin-insensitive sodium channels in a subpopulation of capsaicin-sensitive rat sensory neurons. J. Neurosci. 17 (1997), 7181–7189.
20. Cardenas, C.G., Mar, L.P., Vysokanov, A.V., Arnold, P.B., Cardenas, L.M., Surmeier, D.J., Scroggs, R.S., Serotonergic modulation of hyperpolarization-activated current in acutely isolated rat dorsal root ganglion neurons. J. Physiol. 518:Pt 2 (1999), 507–523.
21. Cardenas, L.M., Cardenas, C.G., Scroggs, R.S., 5HT increases excitability of nociceptor-like rat dorsal root ganglion neurons via cAMP-coupled TTX-resistant Na(+) channels. J. Neurophysiol. 86 (2001), 241–248.
22. Carlton, S.M., Coggeshall, R.E., Immunohistochemical localization of 5-HT2A receptors in peripheral sensory axons in rat glabrous skin. Brain Res. 763 (1997), 271–275.
23. Chugani, D.C., Niimura, K., Chaturvedi, S., Muzik, O., Fakhouri, M., Lee, M.L., Chugani, H.T., Increased brain serotonin synthesis in migraine. Neurology 53 (1999), 1473–1479.
24. Clauw, D.J., Mease, P., Palmer, R.H., Gendreau, R.M., Wang, Y., Milnacipran for the treatment of fibromyalgia in adults: a 15-week, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multiple-dose clinical trial. Clin. Ther. 30 (2008), 1988–2004.
25. Cohen, Z., Bonvento, G., Lacombe, P., Hamel, E., Serotonin in the regulation of brain microcirculation. Prog. Neurobiol. 50 (1996), 335–362.
26. Coppola, G., Vandenheede, M., Di Clemente, L., Ambrosini, A., Fumal, A., De Pasqua, V., Schoenen, J., Somatosensory evoked high-frequency oscillations reflecting thalamocortical activity are decreased in migraine patients between attacks. Brain 128 (2005), 98–103.
27. Courade, J.P., Chassaing, C., Bardin, L., Alloui, A., Eschalier, A., 5-HT receptor subtypes involved in the spinal antinociceptive effect of acetaminophen in rats. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 432 (2001), 1–7.
28. Deseure, K., Breand, S., Colpaert, F.C., Curativelike analgesia in a neuropathic pain model: parametric analysis of the dose and the duration of treatment with a high-efficacy 5-HT(1A) receptor agonist. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 568 (2007), 134–141.
29. Ding, Y.Q., Marklund, U., Yuan, W., Yin, J., Wegman, L., Ericson, J., Deneris, E., Johnson, R.L., Chen, Z.F., Lmx1b is essential for the development of serotonergic neurons. Nat. Neurosci. 6 (2003), 933–938.
30. Doak, G.J., Sawynok, J., Formalin-induced nociceptive behavior and edema: involvement of multiple peripheral 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor subtypes. Neuroscience 80 (1997), 939–949.
31. 2 receptors in the spinal cord. Br. J. Pharmacol. 149 (2006), 498–505.
32. Duggan, A.W., Headley, P.M., The effects of noradrenaline and 5-hydroxytryptamine on the responses of dorsal horn neurones to noxious and innocuous skin stimuli. Br. J. Pharmacol., 61, 1977, 149P.
33. Edvinsson, L., Uddman, R., Neurobiology in primary headaches. Brain Res. Brain Res. Rev. 48 (2005), 438–456.
34. Ernberg, M., Lundeberg, T., Kopp, S., Pain and allodynia/hyperalgesia induced by intramuscular injection of serotonin in patients with fibromyalgia and healthy individuals. Pain 85 (2000), 31–39.
35. Ernberg, M., Lundeberg, T., Kopp, S., Effects on muscle pain by intramuscular injection of granisetron in patients with fibromyalgia. Pain 101 (2003), 275–282.
36. Ernberg, M., Hedenberg-Magnusson, B., Kurita, H., Kopp, S., Effects of local serotonin administration on pain and microcirculation in the human masseter muscle. J. Orofac. Pain 20 (2006), 241–248.
37. Eschalier, A., Kayser, V., Guilbaud, G., Influence of a specific 5-HT3 antagonist on carrageenan-induced hyperalgesia in rats. Pain 36 (1989), 249–255.
38. 3 receptor network after 20 years of research – evolving concepts in management of pain and inflammation. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 560 (2007), 1–8.
39. Färber, L., Stratz, T., Bückle, W., Späth, M., Pongratz, D., Lautenschlager, J., Kötter, I., Zöller, B., Peter, H.H., Neeck, G., Alten, R., Müller, W., Efficacy and tolerability of tropisetron in primary fibromyalgia – a highly selective and competitive 5-HT3 receptor antagonist. German Fibromyalgia Study Group. Scand. J. Rheumatol. Suppl. 113 (2000), 49–54.
40. Ferrari, M.D., Odink, J., Tapparelli, C., Van Kempen, G.M., Pennings, E.J., Bruyn, G.W., Serotonin metabolism in migraine. Neurology 39 (1989), 1239–1242.
41. Ferrari, M.D., Goadsby, P.J., Roon, K.I., Lipton, R.B., Triptans (serotonin, 5-HT1B/1D agonists. in migraine: detailed results and methods of a meta-analysis of 53 trials. Cephalalgia 22 (2002), 633–658.
42. Fields, H., State-dependent opioid control of pain. N at. Rev. Neurosci. 5 (2004), 565–575.
43. Fields, H.L., Bry, J., Hentall, I., Zorman, G., The activity of neurons in the rostral medulla of the rat during withdrawal from noxious heat. J. Neurosci. 3 (1983), 2545–2552.
44. Frank, B., Niesler, B., Bondy, B., Spath, M., Pongratz, D.E., Ackenheil, M., Fischer, C., Rappold, G., Mutational analysis of serotonin receptor genes: HTR3A and HTR3B in fibromyalgia patients. Clin. Rheumatol. 23 (2004), 338–344.
45. Gerdle, B., Lemming, D., Kristiansen, J., Larsson, B., Peolsson, M., Rosendal, L., Biochemical alterations in the trapezius muscle of patients with chronic whiplash associated disorders (WAD) – a microdialysis study. Eur. J. Pain 12 (2008), 82–93.
46. Giordano, J., Dyche, J., Differential analgesic actions of serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonists in the mouse. Neuropharmacology 28 (1989), 423–427.
47. Giordano, J., Rogers, L.V., Peripherally administered serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonists reduce inflammatory pain in rats. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 170 (1989), 83–86.
48. Giordano, J., Daleo, C., Sacks, S.M., Topical ondansetron attenuates nociceptive and inflammatory effects of intradermal capsaicin in humans. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 354 (1998), R13–R14.
49. Goadsby, P.J., Migraine pathophysiology. Headache 45:Suppl. 1 (2005), S14–S24.
50. Gold, M.S., Reichling, D.B., Shuster, M.J., Levine, J.D., Hyperalgesic agents increase a tetrodotoxin-resistant Na+ current in nociceptors, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93 (1996), 1108–1112.
51. Gonda, X., Rihmer, Z., Juhasz, G., Zsombok, T., Bagdy, G., High anxiety and migraine are associated with the s allele of the 5HTTLPR gene polymorphism. Psychiatry Res. 149 (2007), 261–266.
52. Gürsoy, S., Absence of association of the serotonin transporter gene polymorphism with the mentally healthy subset of fibromyalgia patients. Clin. Rheumatol. 21 (2002), 194–197.
53. Gürsoy, S., Erdal, E., Herken, H., Madenci, E., Alasehirli, B., Association of T102C polymorphism of the 5-HT2A receptor gene with psychiatric status in fibromyalgia syndrome. Rheumatol. Intl. 21 (2001), 58–61.
54. Hains, B.C., Willis, W.D., Hulsebosch, C.E., Serotonin receptors 5-HT1A and 5-HT3 reduce hyperexcitability of dorsal horn neurons after chronic spinal cord hemisection injury in rat. Exp. Brain Res. 149 (2003), 174–186.
55. Hamel, E., Serotonin and migraine: biology and clinical implications. Cephalalgia 27 (2007), 1293–1300.
56. Hamon, M., Bourgoin, S., Serotonin and its receptors in pain control. Sawynok, J., Cowan, A., (eds.) Novel Aspects of Pain Management: Opioids and Beyond, 1999, Wiley-Liss, Inc, New York, NY, 203–228.
57. Hamon, M., Gallissot, M.C., Menard, F., Gozlan, H., Bourgoin, S., Verge, D., 5-HT3 receptor binding sites are on capsaicin-sensitive fibres in the rat spinal cord. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 164 (1989), 315–322.
58. Hering, R., Glover, V., Pattichis, K., Catarci, T., Steiner, T.J., 5HT in migraine patients with medication-induced headache. Cephalalgia 13 (1993), 410–412.
59. Houvenagel, E., Forzy, G., Leloire, O., Gallois, P., Hary, S., Hautecoeur, P., Convain, L., Henniaux, M., Vincent, G., Dhondt, J.L., [Cerebrospinal fluid monoamines in primary fibromyalgia]. Rev. Rhum. Mal. Osteoartic 57 (1990), 21–23.
60. Huang, J., Wang, Y.Y., Wang, W., Li, Y.Q., Tamamaki, N., Wu, S.X., 5-HT(3A) receptor subunit is expressed in a subpopulation of GABAergic and enkephalinergic neurons in the mouse dorsal spinal cord. Neurosci. Lett. 441 (2008), 1–6.
61. Jeong, C.Y., Choi, J.I., Yoon, M.H., Roles of serotonin receptor subtypes for the antinociception of 5-HT in the spinal cord of rats. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 502 (2004), 205–211.
62. Jordan, L.M., Kenshalo, D.R. Jr., Martin, R.F., Haber, L.H., Willis, W.D., Depression of primate spinothalamic tract neurons by iontophoretic application of 5-hydroxytryptamine. Pain 5 (1978), 135–142.
63. Kato, K., Kikuchi, S., Konno, S., Sekiguchi, M., Participation of 5-hydroxytryptamine in pain-related behavior induced by nucleus pulposus applied on the nerve root in rats. Spine 33 (2008), 1330–1336.
64. −/−, 5-HT2A-/-, 5-HT3A-/- and 5-HTT-/- knockout male mice. Pain 130 (2007), 235–248.
65. Kessler, W., Kirchhoff, C., Reeh, P.W., Handwerker, H.O., Excitation of cutaneous afferent nerve endings in vitro by a combination of inflammatory mediators and conditioning effect of substance P. Exp. Brain Res. 91 (1992), 467–476.
66. Kjorsvik, A., Tjolsen, A., Hole, K., Activation of spinal serotonin(2A/2C) receptors augments nociceptive responses in the rat. Brain Res. 910 (2001), 179–181.
67. Klein, R., Bansch, M., Berg, P.A., Clinical relevance of antibodies against serotonin and gangliosides in patients with primary fibromyalgia syndrome. Psychoneuroendocrino logy 17 (1992), 593–598.
68. Koehler, P.J., Tfelt-Hansen, P.C., History of methysergide in migraine. Cephalalgia 28 (2008), 1126–1135.
69. Kotani, K., Shimomura, T., Shimomura, F., Ikawa, S., Nanba, E., A polymorphism in the serotonin transporter gene regulatory region and frequency of migraine attacks. Headache 42 (2002), 893–895.
70. Kress, M., Reeh, P.W., Vyklicky, L., An interaction of inflammatory mediators and protons in small diameter dorsal root ganglion neurons of the rat. Neurosci. Lett. 224 (1997), 37–40.
71. Kupers, R., Frokjaer, V.G., Naert, A., Christensen, R., Budtz-Joergensen, E., Kehlet, H., Knudsen, G.M., A PET [(18)F]altanserin study of 5-HT(2A) receptor binding in the human brain and responses to painful heat stimulation. Neuroimage 44 (2009), 1001–1007.
72. Lang, E., Novak, A., Reeh, P.W., Handwerker, H.O., Chemosensitivity of fine afferents from rat skin in vitro. J. Neurophysiol. 63 (1990), 887–901.
73. Larsson, B., Rosendal, L., Kristiansen, J., Sjogaard, G., Sogaard, K., Ghafouri, B., Abdiu, A., Kjaer, M., Gerdle, B., Responses of algesic and metabolic substances to 8h of repetitive manual work in myalgic human trapezius muscle. Pain 140 (2008), 479–490.
74. Le Bars, D., Villanueva, L., Electrophysiological evidence for the activation of descending inhibitory controls by nociceptive afferent pathways. Prog. Brain Res. 77 (1988), 275–299.
75. Lesch, K.P., Bengel, D., Heils, A., Sabol, S.Z., Greenberg, B.D., Petri, S., Benjamin, J., Muller, C.R., Hamer, D.H., Murphy, D.L., Association of anxiety-related traits with a polymorphism in the serotonin transporter gene regulatory region [see comments]. Science 274 (1996), 1527–1531.
76. Lischetzki, G., Rukwied, R., Handwerker, H.O., Schmelz, M., Nociceptor activation and protein extravasation induced by inflammatory mediators in human skin. Eur. J. Pain 5 (2001), 49–57.
77. Lopez-Garcia, J.A., Serotonergic modulation of spinal sensory circuits. Curr. Top Med. Chem. 6 (2006), 1987–1996.
78. Lôtsch, J., Skarke, C., Schneider, A., Hummel, T., Geisslinger, G., The 5-hydroxytryptamine 4 receptor agonist mosapride does not antagonize morphine-induced respiratory depression. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 78 (2005), 278–287.
79. Manzke, T., Guenther, U., Ponimaskin, E.G., Haller, M., Dutschmann, M., Schwarzacher, S., Richter, D.W., 5-HT4(a) receptors avert opioid-induced breathing depression without loss of analgesia. Science 301 (2003), 226–229.
80. Martikainen, I.K., Hirvonen, J., Kajander, J., Hagelberg, N., Mansikka, H., Nagren, K., Hietala, J., Pertovaara, A., Correlation of human cold pressor pain responses with 5-HT(1A) receptor binding in the brain. Brain Res. 1172 (2007), 21–31.
81. Marziniak, M., Mossner, R., Schmitt, A., Lesch, K.P., Sommer, C., A functional serotonin transporter gene polymorphism is associated with migraine with aura. Neurology 64 (2005), 157–159.
82. McMahon, S.B., Bennett, D.L.H.B.I., Bevan, S., Inflammatory mediators and modulators of pain. McMahon, S.B., McMahon, K.M., (eds.) Textbook of Pain, 2006, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 49–72.
83. Michaelis, M., Vogel, C., Blenk, K.H., Janig, W., Algesics excite axotomised afferent nerve fibres within the first hours following nerve transection in rats. Pain 72 (1997), 347–354.
84. Millan, M.J., Descending control of pain. Prog. Neurobiol. 66 (2002), 355–474.
85. Millan, M.J., Seguin, L., Honore, P., Girardon, S., Bervoets, K., Pro- and antinociceptive actions of serotonin (5-HT)1A agonists and antagonists in rodents: relationship to algesiometric paradigm. Behav. Brain Res. 73 (1996), 69–77.
86. Millan, M.J., Girardon, S., Bervoets, K., 8-OH-DPAT-induced spontaneous tail-flicks in the rat are facilitated by the selective serotonin (5-HT)2C agonist, RO 60-0175: blockade of its actions by the novel 5-HT2C receptor antagonist SB 206,553. Neuropharmacology 36 (1997), 743–745.
87. Moalem, G., Grafe, P., Tracey, D.J., Chemical mediators enhance the excitability of unmyelinated sensory axons in normal and injured peripheral nerve of the rat. Neuroscience 134 (2005), 1399–1411.
88. Moja, P., Cusi, C., Sterzi, R., Canepari, C., Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs) for preventing migraine and tension-type headaches. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev., 2005 CD002919.
89. Nemmani, K.V., Mogil, J.S., Serotonin-GABA interactions in the modulation of mu- and kappa-opioid analgesia. Neuropharmacology 44 (2003), 304–310.
90. Nicholson, R., Small, J., Dixon, A.K., Spanswick, D., Lee, K., Serotonin receptor mRNA expression in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons. Neurosci. Lett. 337 (2003), 119–122.
91. Oatway, M.A., Chen, Y., Weaver, L.C., The 5-HT3 receptor facilitates at-level mechanical allodynia following spinal cord injury. Pain 110 (2004), 259–268.
92. Obata, H., Saito, S., Ishizaki, K., Goto, F., Antinociception in rat by sarpogrelate, a selective 5-HT(2A) receptor antagonist, is peripheral. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 404 (2000), 95–102.
93. Obata, H., Saito, S., Sasaki, M., Ishizaki, K., Goto, F., Antiallodynic effect of intrathecally administered 5-HT(2) agonists in rats with nerve ligation. Pain 90 (2001), 173–179.
94. Offenbaecher, M., Bondy, B., de Jonge, S., Glatzeder, K., Kruger, M., Schoeps, P., Ackenheil, M., Possible association of fibromyalgia with a polymorphism in the serotonin transporter gene regulatory region. Arthritis Rheum. 42 (1999), 2482–2488.
95. Okamoto, K., Imbe, H., Morikawa, Y., Itoh, M., Sekimoto, M., Nemoto, K., Senba, E., 5-HT2A receptor subtype in the peripheral branch of sensory fibers is involved in the potentiation of inflammatory pain in rats. Pain 99 (2002), 133–143.
96. Oliveira, M.C., Pelegrini-da-Silva, A., Parada, C.A., Tambeli, C.H., 5-HT acts on nociceptive primary afferents through an indirect mechanism to induce hyperalgesia in the subcutaneous tissue. Neuroscience 145 (2007), 708–714.
97. Palm, F., Mossner, R., Chen, Y., He, L., Gerlach, M., Bischofs, S., Riederer, P., Lesch, K.P., Sommer, C., Reduced thermal hyperalgesia and enhanced peripheral nerve injury after hind paw inflammation in mice lacking the serotonin-transporter. Eur. J. Pain 12 (2008), 790–797.
98. Panconesi, A., Serotonin and migraine: a reconsideration of the central theory. J. Headache Pain 9 (2008), 267–276.
99. Peng, Y.B., Lin, Q., Willis, W.D., The role of 5-HT3 receptors in periaqueductal gray-induced inhibition of nociceptive dorsal horn neurons in rats. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 276 (1996), 116–124.
100. Pertovaara, A., Keski-Vakkuri, U., Kalmari, J., Wei, H., Panula, P., Response properties of neurons in the rostroventromedial medulla of neuropathic rats: attempted modulation of responses by [1DMe]NPYF, a neuropeptide FF analogue. Neuroscience 105 (2001), 457–468.
101. Pickering, G., Januel, F., Dubray, C., Eschalier, A., Serotonin and experimental pain in healthy young volunteers. Clin. J. Pain 19 (2003), 276–279.
102. Pierce, P.A., Xie, G.X., Levine, J.D., Peroutka, S.J., 5-Hydroxytryptamine receptor subtype messenger RNAs in rat peripheral sensory and sympathetic ganglia: a polymerase chain reaction study. Neuroscience 70 (1996), 553–559.
103. Potrebic, S., Ahn, A.H., Skinner, K., Fields, H.L., Basbaum, A.I., Peptidergic nociceptors of both trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia express serotonin 1D receptors: implications for the selective antimigraine action of triptans. J. Neurosci. 23 (2003), 10988–10997.
104. Proietti-Cecchini, A., Afra, J., Schoenen, J., Intensity dependence of the cortical auditory evoked potentials as a surrogate marker of central nervous system serotonin transmission in man: demonstration of a central effect for the 5HT1B/1D agonist zolmitriptan (311C90, Zomig). Cephalalgia 17 (1997), 849–854 discussion 799.
105. Radhakrishnan, R., King, E.W., Dickman, J.K., Herold, C.A., Johnston, N.F., Spurgin, M.L., Sluka, K.A., Spinal 5-HT(2) and 5-HT(3) receptors mediate low, but not high, frequency TENS-induced antihyperalgesia in rats. Pain 105 (2003), 205–213.
106. Rahman, W., Suzuki, R., Rygh, L.J., Dickenson, A.H., Descending serotonergic facilitation mediated through rat spinal 5HT3 receptors is unaltered following carrageenan inflammation. Neurosci. Lett. 361 (2004), 229–231.
107. Rocha-Gonzalez, H.I., Meneses, A., Carlton, S.M., Granados-Soto, V., Pronociceptive role of peripheral and spinal 5-HT7 receptors in the formalin test. Pain 117 (2005), 182–192.
108. Russell, I.J., Michalek, J.E., Vipraio, G.A., Fletcher, E.M., Javors, M.A., Bowden, C.A., Platelet 3H-imipramine uptake receptor density and serum serotonin levels in patients with fibromyalgia/fibrositis syndrome. J. Rheumatol. 19 (1992), 104–109.
109. Russell, I.J., Vaeroy, H., Javors, M., Nyberg, F., Cerebrospinal fluid biogenic amine metabolites in fibromyalgia/fibrositis syndrome and rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 35 (1992), 550–556.
110. Saarto, T., Wiffen, P., Antidepressants for neuropathic pain. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev., 2005 CD005454.
111. Sasaki, M., Obata, H., Saito, S., Goto, F., Antinociception with intrathecal alpha-methyl-5-hydroxytryptamine, a 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A/2C receptor agonist, in two rat models of sustained pain. Anesth. Analg. 96 (2003), 1072–1078 table of contents.
112. Schmelz, M., Schmidt, R., Weidner, C., Hilliges, M., Torebjork, H.E., Handwerker, H.O., Chemical response pattern of different classes of C-nociceptors to pruritogens and algogens. J. Neurophysiol. 89 (2003), 2441–2448.
113. Schuh-Hofer, S., Richter, M., Geworski, L., Villringer, A., Israel, H., Wenzel, R., Munz, D.L., Arnold, G., Increased serotonin transporter availability in the brainstem of migraineurs. J. Neurol. 254 (2007), 789–796.
114. Sicuteri, F., Testi, A., Anselm, B., Biochemical investigations in headache: increase in hydroxyindoleacetic acid excretion during migraine attacks. Int. Arch. Allergy Appl. Immunol. 53 (1961), 537–542.
115. Sindrup, S.H., Otto, M., Finnerup, N.B., Jensen, T.S., Antidepressants in the treatment of neuropathic pain. Basic Clin. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 96 (2005), 399–409.
116. Smith, N.L., Serotonin mechanisms in pain and functional syndromes: management implications in comorbid fibromyalgia, headache, and irritable bowl syndrome – case study and discussion. J. Pain Palliat Care Pharmacother 18 (2004), 31–45.
117. Sommer, C., Serotonin in pain and analgesia: actions in the periphery. Mol. Neurobiol. 30 (2004), 117–125.
118. Song, X.J., Zhang, J.M., Hu, S.J., LaMotte, R.H., Somata of nerve-injured sensory neurons exhibit enhanced responses to inflammatory mediators. Pain 104 (2003), 701–709.
119. Sounvoravong, S., Nakashima, M.N., Wada, M., Nakashima, K., Decrease in serotonin concentration in raphe magnus nucleus and attenuation of morphine analgesia in two mice models of neuropathic pain. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 484 (2004), 217–223.
120. Spath, M., Stratz, T., Neeck, G., Kotter, I., Hammel, B., Amberger, C.C., Haus, U., Farber, L., Pongratz, D., Muller, W., Efficacy and tolerability of intravenous tropisetron in the treatment of fibromyalgia. Scand. J. Rheumatol. 33 (2004), 267–270.
121. Srikiatkhachorn, A., Suwattanasophon, C., Ruangpattanatawee, U., Phansuwan-Pujito, P., 2002 Wolff Award. 5-HT2A receptor activation and nitric oxide synthesis: a possible mechanism determining migraine attacks. Headache 42 (2002), 566–574.
122. Stratz, T., Müller, W., Lokalbehandlung rheumatischer Erkrankungen mit dem 5-HT3-Rezeptor-Antagonisten Tropisetron. Schmerz 17 (2003), 200–203.
123. Stratz, T., Samborski, W., Hrycaj, P., Pap, T., Mackiewicz, S., Mennet, P., Muller, W., Die Serotoninkonzentration im Serum bei Patienten mit generalisierter Tendomyopathie (Fibromyalgie) und chronischer Polyarthritis. Med. Klin. 88 (1993), 458–462.
124. Sung, D., Dong, X., Ernberg, M., Kumar, U., Cairns, B.E., Serotonin (5-HT) excites rat masticatory muscle afferent fibers through activation of peripheral 5-HT3 receptors. Pain 134 (2008), 41–50.
125. Supornsilpchai, W., Sanguanrangsirikul, S., Maneesri, S., Srikiatkhachorn, A., Serotonin depletion, cortical spreading depression, and trigeminal nociception. Headache 46 (2006), 34–39.
126. Suzuki, R., Dickenson, A., Spinal and supraspinal contributions to central sensitization in peripheral neuropathy. Neurosignals 14 (2005), 175–181.
127. Suzuki, R., Morcuende, S., Webber, M., Hunt, S.P., Dickenson, A.H., Superficial NK1-expressing neurons control spinal excitability through activation of descending pathways. Nat. Neurosci. 5 (2002), 1319–1326.
128. Suzuki, R., Rahman, W., Hunt, S.P., Dickenson, A.H., Descending facilitatory control of mechanically evoked responses is enhanced in deep dorsal horn neurones following peripheral nerve injury. Brain Res. 1019 (2004), 68–76.
129. Suzuki, R., Rahman, W., Rygh, L.J., Webber, M., Hunt, S.P., Dickenson, A.H., Spinal-supraspinal serotonergic circuits regulating neuropathic pain and its treatment with gabapentin. Pain 117 (2005), 292–303.
130. Suzuki, R., Rygh, L.J., Dickenson, A.H., Bad news from the brain: descending 5-HT pathways that control spinal pain processing. Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 25 (2004), 613–617.
131. Taiwo, Y.O., Levine, J.D., Serotonin is a directly-acting hyperalgesic agent in the rat. Neuroscience 48 (1992), 485–490.
132. Tander, B., Gunes, S., Boke, O., Alayli, G., Kara, N., Bagci, H., Canturk, F., Polymorphisms of the serotonin-2A receptor and catechol-O-methyltransferase genes: a study on fibromyalgia susceptibility. Rheumatol. Intl. 28 (2008), 685–691.
133. Tegeder, I., Costigan, M., Griffin, R.S., Abele, A., Belfer, I., Schmidt, H., Ehnert, C., Nejim, J., Marian, C., Scholz, J., Wu, T., Allchorne, A., Diatchenko, L., Binshtok, A.M., Goldman, D., Adolph, J., Sama, S., Atlas, S.J., Carlezon, W.A., Parsegian, A., Lotsch, J., Fillingim, R.B., Maixner, W., Geisslinger, G., Max, M.B., Woolf, C.J., GTP cyclohydrolase and tetrahydrobiopterin regulate pain sensitivity and persistence. Nat. Med. 12 (2006), 1269–1277.
134. Thibault, K., Van Steenwinckel, J., Brisorgueil, M.J., Fischer, J., Hamon, M., Calvino, B., Conrath, M., Serotonin 5-HT2A receptor involvement and Fos expression at the spinal level in vincristine-induced neuropathy in the rat. Pain 140 (2008), 305–322.
135. Todorovic, S., Anderson, E.G., Serotonin preferentially hyperpolarizes capsaicin-sensitive C type sensory neurons by activating 5-HT1A receptors. Brain Res. 585 (1992), 212–218.
136. Tokunaga, A., Saika, M., Senba, E., 5-HT2A receptor subtype is involved in the thermal hyperalgesic mechanism of serotonin in the periphery. Pain 76 (1998), 349–355.
137. Tonini, M., Pace, F., Drugs acting on serotonin receptors for the treatment of functional GI disorders. Dig. Dis. 24 (2006), 59–69.
138. Üceyler, N., Hauser, W., Sommer, C., A systematic review on the effectiveness of treatment with antidepressants in fibromyalgia syndrome. Arthritis Rheum. 59 (2008), 1279–1298.
139. Üceyler, N., Offenbacher, M., Petzke, F., Hauser, W., Sommer, C., New treatment options for fibromyalgia: critical appraisal of duloxetine. Neuropsychiatr. Dis. Treat. 4 (2008), 525–529.
140. Vogel, C., Mossner, R., Gerlach, M., Heinemann, T., Murphy, D.L., Riederer, P., Lesch, K.P., Sommer, C., Absence of thermal hyperalgesia in serotonin transporter-deficient mice. J. Neurosci. 23 (2003), 708–715.
141. Wei, H., Chen, Y., Hong, Y., The contribution of peripheral 5-hydroxytryptamine2A receptor to carrageenan-evoked hyperalgesia, inflammation and spinal Fos protein expression in the rat. Neuroscience 132 (2005), 1073–1082.
142. Wei, H., Ma, A., Wang, Y.X., Pertovaara, A., Role of spinal 5-HT receptors in cutaneous hypersensitivity induced by REM sleep deprivation. Pharmacol. Res. 57 (2008), 469–475.
143. Werle, E., Fischer, H.P., Muller, A., Fiehn, W., Eich, W., Antibodies against serotonin have no diagnostic relevance in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome. J. Rheumatol. 28 (2001), 595–600.
144. Wesseldijk, F., Fekkes, D., Huygen, F.J., Bogaerts-Taal, E., Zijlstra, F.J., Increased plasma serotonin in complex regional pain syndrome type 1. Anesth. Analg. 106 (2008), 1862–1867.
145. Wittmann, M., Peters, I., Schaaf, T., Wartenberg, H.C., Wirz, S., Nadstawek, J., Urban, B.W., Barann, M., The effects of morphine on human 5-HT3A receptors. Anesth. Analg. 103 (2006), 747–752.
146. Wolfe, F., Smythe, H.A., Yunus, M.B., Bennett, R.M., Bombardier, C., Goldenberg, D.L., Tugwell, P., Campbell, S.M., Abeles, M., Clark, P., et al. The American College of Rheumatology 1990 Criteria for the Classification of Fibromyalgia. Report of the Multicenter Criteria Committee. Arthritis Rheum. 33 (1990), 160–172.
147. Wolfe, F., Russell, I.J., Vipraio, G., Ross, K., Anderson, J., Serotonin levels, pain threshold, and fibromyalgia symptoms in the general population. J. Rheumatol. 24 (1997), 555–559.
148. Yaksh, T.L., Wilson, P.R., Spinal serotonin terminal system mediates antinociception. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 208 (1979), 446–453.
149. Yoshimura, M., Furue, H., Mechanisms for the anti-nociceptive actions of the descending noradrenergic and serotonergic systems in the spinal cord. J. Pharmacol. Sci. 101 (2006), 107–117.
150. Zeitz, K.P., Guy, N., Malmberg, A.B., Dirajlal, S., Martin, W.J., Sun, L., Bonhaus, D.W., Stucky, C.L., Julius, D., Basbaum, A.I., The 5-HT3 subtype of serotonin receptor contributes to nociceptive processing via a novel subset of myelinated and unmyelinated nociceptors. J. Neurosci. 22 (2002), 1010–1019.
151. Zhang, Y., Gao, X., Yang, Z.L., Huang, Y.L., Wu, G.C., Expression of 5-HT(1A) receptor mRNA in rat nucleus raphe magnus neurons after peripheral inflammation. Brain Res. 887 (2000), 465–468.
152. Zhang, Y., Yang, Z., Gao, X., Wu, G., The role of 5-hydroxytryptamine1A and 5-hydroxytryptamine1B receptors in modulating spinal nociceptive transmission in normal and carrageenan- injected rats. Pain 92 (2001), 201–211.
153. Zhang, Y.Q., Gao, X., Ji, G.C., Wu, G.C., Expression of 5-HT2A receptor mRNA in rat spinal dorsal horn and some nuclei of brainstem after peripheral inflammation. Brain Res. 900 (2001), 146–151.
154. Zhao, Z.Q., Chiechio, S., Sun, Y.G., Zhang, K.H., Zhao, C.S., Scott, M., Johnson, R.L., Deneris, E.S., Renner, K.J., Gereau, R.W.t., Chen, Z.F., Mice lacking central serotonergic neurons show enhanced inflammatory pain and an impaired analgesic response to antidepressant drugs. J. Neurosci. 27 (2007), 6045–6053.
155. Zhao, Z.Q., Gao, Y.J., Sun, Y.G., Zhao, C.S., Gereau, R.W., Chen, Z.F., Central serotonergic neurons are differentially required for opioid analgesia but not for morphine tolerance or morphine reward. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 104 (2007), 14519–14524.
156. Zhuo, M., Gebhart, G.F., Spinal serotonin receptors mediate descending facilitation of a nociceptive reflex from the nuclei reticularis gigantocellularis and gigantocellularis pars alpha in the rat. Brain Res. 550 (1991), 35–48.
157. Zochodne, D.W., Ho, L.T., Sumatriptan blocks neurogenic inflammation in the peripheral nerve trunk. Neurology 44 (1994), 161–163.
158. Ito, A., Kumamoto, E., Takeda, M., Shibata, K., Sagai, H., Yoshimura, M., Mechanisms for ovariectomy-induced hyperalgesia and its relief by calcitonin: participation of 5-HT1A-like receptor on C-afferent terminals in substantia gelatinosa of the rat spinal cord. J. Neurosci. 20 (2000), 6302–6308.