Systemic treatments for metastatic cutaneous melanoma

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

Volumn 2018, Issue 2, 2018, Pages

  Pasquali, Sandro ^a   Hadjinicolaou, Andreas V ^b   Chiarion Sileni, Vanna ^c   Rossi, Carlo Riccardo ^c   Mocellin, Simone ^c,d  

^a NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE   (Italy)

^b UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD   (United Kingdom)

^c VENETO INSTITUTE OF ONCOLOGY IOV IRCCS   (Italy)

^d UNIVERSITY OF PADOVA   (Italy)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALPHA2A INTERFERON; ALPHA2B INTERFERON; AMIFOSTINE; BCG VACCINE; CARMUSTINE; CISPLATIN; CORYNEBACTERIUM PARVUM EXTRACT; CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE; DABRAFENIB; DACARBAZINE; DACTINOMYCIN; DETORUBICIN; DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID; ETOPOSIDE; FOTEMUSTINE; GAMMA INTERFERON; GRANULOCYTE COLONY STIMULATING FACTOR; HYDROXYUREA; INTERLEUKIN 2; LENALIDOMIDE; LOMUSTINE; OBLIMERSEN; PACLITAXEL; PEGINTERFERON; RECOMBINANT ENDOSTATIN; SEMUSTINE; TAMOXIFEN; TEMOZOLOMIDE; THALIDOMIDE; UNINDEXED DRUG; VINBLASTINE; ALPHA INTERFERON; ANGIOGENESIS INHIBITOR; ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT; B RAF KINASE; BRAF PROTEIN, HUMAN; CTLA4 PROTEIN, HUMAN; CYTOTOXIC T LYMPHOCYTE ANTIGEN 4; MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY; PDCD1 PROTEIN, HUMAN; PROGRAMMED DEATH 1 RECEPTOR;

CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY; CANCER COMBINATION CHEMOTHERAPY; CANCER SURVIVAL; CUTANEOUS MELANOMA; DRUG EFFECT; DRUG EFFICACY; HUMAN; META ANALYSIS; METASTASIS; OVERALL SURVIVAL; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGRESSION FREE SURVIVAL; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (TOPIC); REVIEW; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; SYSTEMIC THERAPY; ANTAGONISTS AND INHIBITORS; BRAIN TUMOR; COMBINATION DRUG THERAPY; DISEASE FREE SURVIVAL; FEMALE; IMMUNOTHERAPY; MALE; MELANOMA; MIDDLE AGED; MORTALITY; PROCEDURES; SECONDARY; SKIN TUMOR;

ANGIOGENESIS INHIBITORS; ANTIBODIES, MONOCLONAL; ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS; BRAIN NEOPLASMS; CTLA-4 ANTIGEN; DISEASE-FREE SURVIVAL; DRUG THERAPY, COMBINATION; FEMALE; HUMANS; IMMUNOTHERAPY; INTERFERON-ALPHA; INTERLEUKIN-2; MALE; MELANOMA; MIDDLE AGED; PROGRAMMED CELL DEATH 1 RECEPTOR; PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEINS B-RAF; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS AS TOPIC; SKIN NEOPLASMS;

EID: 85041685436     PISSN: None     EISSN: 1469493X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD011123.pub2     Document Type: Review

References (281)

1. Agarwala SS, Ferri W, Gooding W, Kirkwood JM. A phase III randomized trial of dacarbazine and carboplatin with and without tamoxifen in the treatment of patients with metastatic melanoma. Cancer 1999;85(9):1979-84. [PUBMED: 10223239]7562831
2. Agarwala SS, Glaspy J, O'Day SJ, Mitchell M, Gutheil J, Whitman E, et al. Results from a randomized phase III study comparing combined treatment with histamine dihydrochloride plus interleukin-2 versus interleukin-2 alone in patients with metastatic melanoma. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2002;20(1):125-33. [PUBMED: 11773161]7562833
3. Atkins MB, Hsu J, Lee S, Cohen GI, Flaherty LE, Sosman JA, et al. Phase III trial comparing concurrent biochemotherapy with cisplatin, vinblastine, dacarbazine, interleukin-2, and interferon alfa-2b with cisplatin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine alone in patients with metastatic malignant melanoma (E3695): a trial coordinated by the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2008;26(35):5748-54. [PUBMED: 19001327]7562835
4. Atzpodien J, Neuber K, Kamanabrou D, Fluck M, Brocker EB, Neumann C, et al. Combination chemotherapy with or without s.c. IL-2 and IFN-alpha: results of a prospectively randomized trial of the Cooperative Advanced Malignant Melanoma Chemoimmunotherapy Group (ACIMM). British Journal of Cancer 2002;86(2):179-84. [PUBMED: 11870502]7562837
5. Avril MF, Aamdal S, Grob JJ, Hauschild A, Mohr P, Bonerandi JJ, et al. Fotemustine compared with dacarbazine in patients with disseminated malignant melanoma: a phase III study. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2004;22(6):1118-25. [PUBMED: 15020614]7562839
6. Bafaloukos D, Tsoutsos D, Kalofonos H, Chalkidou S, Panagiotou P, Linardou E, et al. Temozolomide and cisplatin versus temozolomide in patients with advanced melanoma: a randomized phase II study of the Hellenic Cooperative Oncology Group. Annals of Oncology 2005;16(6):950-7. [PUBMED: 15829494]7562841
7. Bajetta E, Buzzoni R, Viviani S, Vaglini M, Nava M, Bonadonna G. Prospective randomized trial in advanced malignant melanoma with cis-platinum, vindesine, and etoposide vs. cis-platinum, vindesine, and lomustine. American Journal of Clinical Oncology 1985;8(5):401-5. [PUBMED: 3904398]7562843
8. Bajetta E, Di Leo A, Zampino MG, Sertoli MR, Comella G, Barduagni M, et al. Multicenter randomized trial of dacarbazine alone or in combination with two different doses and schedules of interferon alfa-2a in the treatment of advanced melanoma. Journal of Clinical Oncology 1994;12(4):806-11. [PUBMED: 8151323]7562845
9. Bajetta E, Del Vecchio M, Nova P, Fusi A, Daponte A, Sertoli MR, et al. Multicenter phase III randomized trial of polychemotherapy (CVD regimen) versus the same chemotherapy (CT) plus subcutaneous interleukin-2 and interferon-alpha2b in metastatic melanoma. Annals of Oncology 2006;17(4):571-7. [PUBMED: 16469753]7562847
10. Balch CM, Murray D, Presant C, Bartolucci AA. Ineffectiveness of adjuvant chemotherapy using DTIC and cyclophosphamide in patients with resectable metastatic melanoma. Surgery 1984;95(4):454-9. [PUBMED: 6369594]7562849
11. Bedikian AY, Millward M, Pehamberger H, Conry R, Gore M, Trefzer U, et al. Bcl-2 antisense (oblimersen sodium) plus dacarbazine in patients with advanced melanoma: the Oblimersen Melanoma Study Group. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2006;24(29):4738-45. [PUBMED: 16966688]7562851
12. Bedikian AY, DeConti RC, Conry R, Agarwala S, Papadopoulos N, Kim KB, et al. Phase 3 study of docosahexaenoic acid-paclitaxel versus dacarbazine in patients with metastatic malignant melanoma. Annals of Oncology 2011;22(4):787-93. [PUBMED: 20855467]7562853
13. Bellett RE, Mastrangelo MJ, Laucius JF, Bodurtha AJ. Randomized prospective trial of DTIC (NSC-45388) alone versus BCNU (NSC-409962) plus vincristine (NSC-67574) in the treatment of metastatic malignant melanoma. Cancer Treatment Reports 1976;60(5):595-600. [PUBMED: 791478]7562855
14. Beretta G, Bonadonna G, Cascinelli N, Morabito A, Veronesi U. Comparative evaluation of three combination regimens for advanced malignant melanoma: results of an international cooperative study. Cancer Treatment Reports 1976;60(1):33-40. [PUBMED: 1000518]7562857
15. Carter RD, Krementz ET, Hill GJ. DTIC and combination therapy for metastatic melanoma: a COG cooperative study. Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research 1975;16(66):NO. 7562859
16. Carvajal RD, Wong MK, Thompson JA, Gordon MS, Lewis KD, Pavlick AC, et al. A phase 2 randomised study of ramucirumab (IMC-1121B) with or without dacarbazine inpatients with metastatic melanoma. European Journal of Cancer 2014;50(12):2099-107. [PUBMED: 24930625]7562861
17. Chapman PB, Einhorn LH, Meyers ML, Saxman S, Destro AN, Panageas KS, et al. Phase III multicenter randomized trial of the Dartmouth regimen versus dacarbazine in patients with metastatic melanoma. Journal of Clinical Oncology 1999;17(9):2745-51. [PUBMED: 10561349]7562863
18. Chauvergne J, Bui NB, Cappelaere P, Gary-Bobo J, Guerrin J, Armand JP, et al. [Chemotherapy in advanced malignant melanoma. Results of a controlled trial comparing a combination of dacarbazine (DTIC) and detorubicin with dacarbazine alone] [Chimiotherapie des melanomes malins evolues. Resultats d'un essai controle comparant l'association de detorubicine et de dacarbazine (DTIC) a la dacarbazine seule.]. La Semaine des Hopitaux 1982;58(46):2697-701. [PUBMED: 6297068]7562865
19. Chiarion Sileni V, Nortilli R, Aversa SM, Paccagnella A, Medici M, Corti L, et al. Phase II randomized study of dacarbazine, carmustine, cisplatin and tamoxifen versus dacarbazine alone in advanced melanoma patients. Melanoma Research 2001;11(2):189-96. [PUBMED: 11333130]7562867
20. Chiarion-Sileni V, Guida M, Ridolfi L, Romanini A, Del Bianco P, Pigozzo J, et al. Central nervous system failure in melanoma patients: results of a randomised, multicentre phase 3 study of temozolomide- and dacarbazine- based regimens. British Journal of Cancer 2011;104(12):1816-21. [PUBMED: 21610711]7562869
21. Clunie GJ, Gough IR, Dury M, Furnival CM, Bolton PM. A trial of imidazole carboxamide and corynebacterium parvum in disseminated melanoma: clinical and immunologic results. Cancer 1980;46(3):475-9. [PUBMED: 6994866]7562871
22. Cocconi G, Bella M, Calabresi F, Tonato M, Canaletti R, Boni C, et al. Treatment of metastatic malignant melanoma with dacarbazine plus tamoxifen. New England Journal of Medicine 1992;327(8):516-23. [PUBMED: 1635566]7562873
23. Cocconi G, Passalacqua R, Foladore S, Carlini P, Acito L, Maiello E, et al. Treatment of metastatic malignant melanoma with dacarbazine plus tamoxifen, or vindesine plus tamoxifen: a prospective randomized study. Melanoma Research 2003;13(1):73-9. [PUBMED: 12569288]7562875
24. Costanza ME, Nathanson L, Lenhard R, Wolter J, Colsky J, Oberfield RA, et al. Therapy of malignant melanoma with an imidazole carboxamide and bis-chloroethyl nitrosourea. Cancer 1972;30(6):1457-61. [PUBMED: 4641757]7562877
25. Costanza ME, Nathanson L, Schoenfeld D, Wolter J, Colsky J, Regelson W, et al. Results with methyl-CCNU and DTIC in metastatic melanoma. Cancer 1977;40(3):1010-5. [PUBMED: 332319]7562879
26. Costanzi JJ, Al-Sarraf M, Groppe C, Bottomley R, Fabian C, Neidhart J, et al. Combination chemotherapy plus BCG in the treatment of disseminated malignant melanoma: a Southwest Oncology Group Study. Medical and Pediatric Oncology 1982;10(3):251-8. [PUBMED: 7045615]7562881
27. Cui C, Mao L, Chi Z, Si L, Sheng X, Kong Y, et al. A phase II, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter trial of Endostar in patients with metastatic melanoma. Molecular Therapy 2013;21(7):1456-63. [PUBMED: 23670576]7562883
28. Danson S, Lorigan P, Arance A, Clamp A, Ranson M, Hodgetts J, et al. Randomized phase II study of temozolomide given every 8 hours or daily with either interferon alfa-2b or thalidomide in metastatic malignant melanoma. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2003;21(13):2551-7. [PUBMED: 12829675]7562885
29. Daponte A, Signoriello S, Maiorino L, Massidda B, Simeone E, Grimaldi AM, et al. Phase III randomized study of fotemustine and dacarbazine versus dacarbazine with or without interferon-alpha in advanced malignant melanoma. Journal of Translational Medicine 2013;11:38. [PUBMED: 23402397]7562887
30. Dorval T, Negrier S, Chevreau C, Avril MF, Baume D, Cupissol D, et al. Randomized trial of treatment with cisplatin and interleukin-2 either alone or in combination with interferon-alpha-2a in patients with metastatic melanoma: a Federation Nationale des Centres de Lutte Contre le Cancer Multicenter, parallel study. Cancer 1999;85(5):1060-6. [PUBMED: 10091789]7562889
31. Dummer R, Garbe C, Thompson JA, Eggermont AM, Yoo K, Maier T, et al. Randomized dose-escalation study evaluating peginterferon alfa-2a in patients with metastatic malignant melanoma. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2006;24(7):1188-94. [PUBMED: 16505439]7562891
32. Eigentler TK, Radny P, Hauschild A, Gutzmer R, Linse R, Pfohler C, et al. Adjuvant treatment with vindesine in comparison to observation alone in patients with metastasized melanoma after complete metastasectomy: a randomized multicenter trial of the German Dermatologic Cooperative Oncology Group. Melanoma Research 2008;18(5):353-8. [PUBMED: 18781134]7562893
33. Eisen T, Trefzer U, Hamilton A, Hersey P, Millward M, Knight RD, et al. Results of a multicenter, randomized, double-blind phase 2/3 study of lenalidomide in the treatment of pretreated relapsed or refractory metastatic malignant melanoma. Cancer 2010;116(1):146-54. [PUBMED: 19862820]7562895
34. Eton O, Legha SS, Bedikian AY, Lee JJ, Buzaid AC, Hodges C, et al. Sequential biochemotherapy versus chemotherapy for metastatic melanoma: results from a phase III randomized trial. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2002;20(8):2045-52. [PUBMED: 11956264]7562897
35. Falkson CI, Falkson G, Falkson HC. Improved results with the addition of interferon alfa-2b to dacarbazine in the treatment of patients with metastatic malignant melanoma. Journal of Clinical Oncology 1991;9(8):1403-8. [PUBMED: 2072144]7562899
36. Falkson CI. Experience with interferon alpha 2b combined with dacarbazine in the treatment of metastatic malignant melanoma. Medical Oncology 1995;12(1):35-40. [PUBMED: 8542245]7562901
37. Falkson CI, Ibrahim J, Kirkwood JM, Coates AS, Atkins MB, Blum RH. Phase III trial of dacarbazine versus dacarbazine with interferon alpha-2b versus dacarbazine with tamoxifen versus dacarbazine with interferon alpha-2b and tamoxifen in patients with metastatic malignant melanoma: an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group study. Journal of Clinical Oncology 1998;16(5):1743-51. [PUBMED: 9586887]7562903
38. Flaherty LE, Atkins M, Sosman J, Weiss G, Clark JI, Margolin K, et al. Outpatient biochemotherapy with interleukin-2 and interferon alfa-2b in patients with metastatic malignant melanoma: results of two phase II cytokine working group trials. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2001;19(13):3194-202. [PUBMED: 11432886]7562905
39. Flaherty KT, Infante JR, Daud A, Gonzalez R, Kefford RF, Sosman J, et al. Combined BRAF and MEK inhibition in melanoma with BRAF V600 mutations. New England Journal of Medicine 2012;367(18):1694-703. [PUBMED: 23020132]7562907
40. Flaherty KT, Robert C, Hersey P, Nathan P, Garbe C, Milhem M, et al. Improved survival with MEK inhibition in BRAF-mutated melanoma. New England Journal of Medicine 2012;367(2):107-14. [PUBMED: 22663011]7562909
41. Flaherty KT, Lee SJ, Zhao F, Schuchter LM, Flaherty L, Kefford R, et al. Phase III trial of carboplatin and paclitaxel with or without sorafenib in metastatic melanoma. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2013;31(3):373-9. [PUBMED: 23248256]7562911
42. Glaspy J, Atkins MB, Richards JM, Agarwala SS, O'Day S, Knight RD, et al. Results of a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, dose-evaluating phase 2/3 study of lenalidomide in the treatment of metastatic malignant melanoma. Cancer 2009;115(22):5228-36. [PUBMED: 19728370]7562913
43. Glover D, Ibrahim J, Kirkwood J, Glick J, Karp D, Stewart J, et al. Phase II randomized trial of cisplatin and WR-2721 versus cisplatin alone for metastatic melanoma: an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Study (E1686). Melanoma Research 2003;13(6):619-26. [PUBMED: 14646626]7562915
44. Gorbonova VA, Egorov GN, Perevodchikova NI, Orel NF. Combined chemotherapy with or without interferon alpha N1 (IFN) for advanced malignant melanoma--a randomized pilot phase III study. Gan to Kagaku Ryoho. Cancer & Chemotherapy 2000;27(Suppl 2):310-4. [PUBMED: 10939991]7562917
45. Gough IR, Bolton PM, Clunie GJ, Burnett W. Chemoimmunotherapy in disseminated melanoma and colorectal carcinoma. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Surgery 1978;48(3):296-300. [PUBMED: 281221]7562919
46. Gupta A, Love S, Schuh A, Shanyinde M, Larkin JM, Plummer R, et al. DOC-MEK: a double-blind randomized phase II trial of docetaxel with or without selumetinib in wild-type BRAF advanced melanoma. Annals of Oncology 2014;25(5):968-74. [PUBMED: 24567366]7562921
47. Hamid O, Ilaria R, Garbe C, Wolter P, Maio M, Hutson TE, et al. A randomized, open-label clinical trial of tasisulam sodium versus paclitaxel as second-line treatment in patients with metastatic melanoma. Cancer 2014;120(13):2016-24. [PUBMED: 24676877]7562923
48. Hauschild A, Garbe C, Stolz W, Ellwanger U, Seiter S, Dummer R, et al. Dacarbazine and interferon alpha with or without interleukin 2 in metastatic melanoma: a randomized phase III multicentre trial of the Dermatologic Cooperative Oncology Group (DeCOG). British Journal of Cancer 2001;84(8):1036-42. [PUBMED: 11308250]7562925
49. Hauschild A, Agarwala SS, Trefzer U, Hogg D, Robert C, Hersey P, et al. Results of a phase III, randomized, placebo-controlled study of sorafenib in combination with carboplatin and paclitaxel as second-line treatment in patients with unresectable stage III or stage IV melanoma. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2009;27(17):2823-30. [PUBMED: 19349552]7562927
50. Hauschild A, Grob JJ, Demidov LV, Jouary T, Gutzmer R, Millward M, et al. Dabrafenib in BRAF-mutated metastatic melanoma: a multicentre, open-label, phase 3 randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2012;380(9839):358-65. [PUBMED: 22735384]7562929
51. Hersh EM, Del Vecchio M, Brown MP, Kefford R, Loquai C, Testori A, et al. A randomized, controlled phase III trial of nab-Paclitaxel versus dacarbazine in chemotherapy-naive patients with metastatic melanoma. Annals of Oncology 2015;26(11):2267-74. [PUBMED: 26410620]7562931
52. Hodi FS, O'Day SJ, McDermott DF, Weber RW, Sosman JA, Haanen JB, et al. Improved survival with ipilimumab in patients with metastatic melanoma. New England Journal of Medicine 2010;363(8):711-23. [PUBMED: 20525992]7562933
53. Hodi FS, Lee S, McDermott DF, Rao UN, Butterfield LH, Tarhini AA, et al. Ipilimumab plus sargramostim vs ipilimumab alone for treatment of metastatic melanoma: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2014;312(17):1744-53. [PUBMED: 25369488]7562935
54. Hofmann MA, Hauschild A, Mohr P, Garbe C, Weichenthal M, Trefzer U, et al. Prospective evaluation of supportive care with or without CVD chemotherapy as a second-line treatment in advanced melanoma by patient's choice: a multicentre Dermatologic Cooperative Oncology Group trial. Melanoma Research 2011;21(6):516-23. [PUBMED: 22076216]7562937
55. Jelic S, Babovic N, Kovcin V, Milicevic N, Milanovic N, Popov I, et al. Comparison of the efficacy of two different dosage dacarbazine-based regimens and two regimens without dacarbazine in metastatic melanoma: a single-centre randomized four-arm study. Melanoma Research 2002;12(1):91-8. [PUBMED: 11828263]7562939
56. Johnston SR, Constenla DO, Moore J, Atkinson H, A'Hern RP, Dadian G, et al. Randomized phase II trial of BCDT [carmustine (BCNU), cisplatin, dacarbazine (DTIC) and tamoxifen] with or without interferon alpha (IFN-alpha) and interleukin (IL-2) in patients with metastatic melanoma. British Journal of Cancer 1998;77(8):1280-6. [PUBMED: 9579834]7562941
57. Kaufmann R, Spieth K, Leiter U, Mauch C, von den Driesch P, Vogt T, et al. Temozolomide in combination with interferon-alfa versus temozolomide alone in patients with advanced metastatic melanoma: a randomized, phase III, multicenter study from the Dermatologic Cooperative Oncology Group. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2005;23(35):9001-7. [PUBMED: 16260697]7562943
58. Kefford RF, Clingan PR, Brady B, Ballmer A, Morganti A, Hersey P. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of high-dose bosentan in patients with stage IV metastatic melanoma receiving first-line dacarbazine chemotherapy. Molecular Cancer 2010;9:69. [PUBMED: 20350333]7562945
59. Keilholz U, Goey SH, Punt CJ, Proebstle TM, Salzmann R, Scheibenbogen C, et al. Interferon alfa-2a and interleukin-2 with or without cisplatin in metastatic melanoma: a randomized trial of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Melanoma Cooperative Group. Journal of Clinical Oncology 1997;15(7):2579-88. [PUBMED: 9215828]7562947
60. Keilholz U, Punt CJ, Gore M, Kruit W, Patel P, Lienard D, et al. Dacarbazine, cisplatin, and interferon-alfa-2b with or without interleukin-2 in metastatic melanoma: a randomized phase III trial (18951) of the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Melanoma Group. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2005;23(27):6747-55. [PUBMED: 16170182]7562949
61. Kim KB, Sosman JA, Fruehauf JP, Linette GP, Markovic SN, McDermott DF, et al. BEAM: a randomized phase II study evaluating the activity of bevacizumab in combination with carboplatin plus paclitaxel in patients with previously untreated advanced melanoma. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2012;30(1):34-41. [PUBMED: 22124101]7562951
62. Kirkwood JM, Ernstoff MS, Giuliano A, Gams R, Robinson WA, Costanzi J, et al. Interferon alpha-2a and dacarbazine in melanoma. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 1990;82(12):1062-3. [PUBMED: 2189999]7562953
63. Kogoniia LM, Moroz LV, Perevodchikova NI, Platinskii LV, Borisov AI. Comparison of the efficacy of imidazole-carboxamide and of a combination of nitrosomethylurea, vincristine and dactinomycin in disseminated melanoma [Sravnenie effiktivnosti imidazol-karboksamida i kombinatsii nitrozometilmocheviny, vinkristina, daktinomitsina pri disseminirovannoi melanome.]. Voprosy Onkologii 1981;27(4):16-21. [PUBMED: 7015692]7562955
64. Kokoschka EM, Luger T, Micksche M. Immuno-chemotherapy in patients with disseminated metastasizing stage III melanoma. Randomized study with methyl-CCNU versus C. parvum plus methyl-CCNU [Immuno-Chemotherapie bei Patienten mit disseminiert metastasierendem Melanom Stadium III Randomisierte Studie mit Methyl-CCNU versus C. parvum plus Methyl-CCNU]. Onkologie 1978;1(3):98-103. [PUBMED: 362293]7562957
65. Larkin J, Ascierto PA, Dréno B, Atkinson V, Liszkay G, Maio M, et al. Combined vemurafenib and cobimetinib in BRAF-mutated melanoma. New England Journal of Medicine 2014;371(20):1867-76. [PUBMED: 25265494]7562959
66. Larkin J, Chiarion-Sileni V, Gonzalez R, Grob JJ, Cowey CL, Lao CD, et al. Combined nivolumab and ipilimumab or monotherapy in untreated melanoma. New England Journal of Medicine 2015;373(1):23-34. [PUBMED: 26027431]7562961
67. Lawson DH, Lee S, Zhao F, Tarhini AA, Margolin KA, Ernstoff MS, et al. Randomized, placebo-controlled, phase III trial of yeast-derived granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) versus peptide vaccination versus GM-CSF plus peptide vaccination versus placebo in patients with no evidence of disease after complete surgical resection of locally advanced and/or stage IV melanoma: A trial of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group-American College of Radiology Imaging Network Cancer Research Group (E4697). Journal of Clinical Oncology 2015;33(34):4066-76. [PUBMED: 26351350]7562963
68. Legha SS, Ring S, Bedikian A, Plager C, Eton O, Buzaid AC, et al. Treatment of metastatic melanoma with combined chemotherapy containing cisplatin, vinblastine and dacarbazine (CVD) and biotherapy using interleukin-2 and interferon-alpha. Annals of Oncology 1996;7(8):827-35. [PUBMED: 8922197]7562965
69. Long GV, Stroyakovskiy D, Gogas H, Levchenko E, de Braud F, Larkin J, et al. Dabrafenib and trametinib versus dabrafenib and placebo for Val600 BRAF-mutant melanoma: a multicentre, double-blind, phase 3 randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2015;386(9992):444-51. [PUBMED: 26037941]7562967
70. Lopez M, Perno CF, Di Lauro L, Papaldo P, Ganzina F, Barduagni A. Controlled study of DTIC versus DTIC plus epirubicin in metastatic malignant melanoma. Investigational New Drugs 1984;2(3):319-22. [PUBMED: 6392148]7562969
71. Luikart SD, Kennealey GT, Kirkwood JM. Randomized phase III trial of vinblastine, bleomycin, and cis-dichlorodiammine-platinum versus dacarbazine in malignant melanoma. Journal of Clinical Oncology 1984;2(3):164-8. [PUBMED: 6199481]7562971
72. Maio M, Mackiewicz A, Testori A, Trefzer U, Ferraresi V, Jassem J, et al. Large randomized study of thymosin alpha 1, interferon alfa, or both in combination with dacarbazine in patients with metastatic melanoma. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2010;28(10):1780-7. [PUBMED: 20194853]7562973
73. Mastrangelo MJ, Bellet RE, Berd D. A phase III comparison of methyl-CCNU + vincristine with or without BCG + allogeneic tumor cells in metastatic melanoma. Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy 1979;6(4):231-6. [EMBASE: 1980000708; Mastrangelo 1979]7562975
74. McArthur GA, Chapman PB, Robert C, Larkin J, Haanen JB, Dummer R, et al. Safety and efficacy of vemurafenib in BRAF(V600E) and BRAF(V600K) mutation-positive melanoma (BRIM-3): extended follow-up of a phase 3, randomised, open-label study. Lancet Oncology 2014;15(3):323-32. [PUBMED: 24508103]7562977
75. McDermott DF, Sosman JA, Gonzalez R, Hodi FS, Linette GP, Richards J, et al. Double-blind randomized phase II study of the combination of sorafenib and dacarbazine in patients with advanced melanoma: a report from the 11715 Study Group. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2008;26(13):2178-85. [PUBMED: 18445842]7562979
76. Middleton MR, Grob JJ, Aaronson N, Fierlbeck G, Tilgen W, Seiter S, et al. Randomized phase III study of temozolomide versus dacarbazine in the treatment of patients with advanced metastatic malignant melanoma. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2000;18(1):158-66. [PUBMED: 10623706]7562981
77. Middleton M, Hauschild A, Thomson D, Anderson R, Burdette-Radoux S, Gehlsen K, et al. Results of a multicenter randomized study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of combined immunotherapy with interleukin-2, interferon-α2b and histamine dihydrochloride versus dacarbazine in patients with stage IV melanoma. Annals of Oncology 2007;18(10):1691-7. [PUBMED: 17709802]7562983
78. Middleton MR, Friedlander P, Hamid O, Daud A, Plummer R, Falotico N, et al. Randomized phase II study evaluating veliparib (ABT-888) with temozolomide in patients with metastatic melanoma. Annals of Oncology 2015;26(10):2173-9. [PUBMED: 26202595]7562985
79. Miller RL, Steis RG, Clark JW, Smith JW 2nd, Crum E, McKnight JE, et al. Randomized trial of recombinant alpha 2b-interferon with or without indomethacin in patients with metastatic malignant melanoma. Cancer Research 1989;49(7):1871-6. [PUBMED: 2647294]7562987
80. Moon JH, Gailani S, Cooper MR, Hayes DM, Rege VB, Blom J, et al. Comparison of the combination of 1, 3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) and vincristine with two dose schedules of 5-(3, 3-dimethyl-1-triazino) imidazole 4-carboxamide (DTIC) in the treatment of disseminated malignant melanoma. Cancer 1975;35(2):368-71. [PUBMED: 1111913]7562989
81. Newlands ES, Oon CJ, Roberts JT, Elliott P, Mould RF, Topham C, et al. Clinical trial of combination chemotherapy and specific active immunotherapy in disseminated melanoma. British Journal of Cancer 1976;34(2):174-9. [PUBMED: 962994]7562991
82. O'Day S, Gonzalez R, Lawson D, Weber R, Hutchins L, Anderson C, et al. Phase II, randomized, controlled, double-blinded trial of weekly elesclomol plus paclitaxel versus paclitaxel alone for stage IV metastatic melanoma. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2009;27(32):5452-8. [PUBMED: 19826135]7562993
83. O'Day S, Pavlick A, Loquai C, Lawson D, Gutzmer R, Richards J, et al. A randomised, phase II study of intetumumab, an anti-alphav-integrin mAb, alone and with dacarbazine in stage IV melanoma. British Journal of Cancer 2011;105(3):346-52. [PUBMED: 21750555]7562995
84. O'Day SJ, Eggermont AM, Chiarion-Sileni V, Kefford R, Grob JJ, Mortier L, et al. Final results of phase III SYMMETRY study: randomized, double-blind trial of elesclomol plus paclitaxel versus paclitaxel alone as treatment for chemotherapy-naive patients with advanced melanoma. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2013;31(9):1211-8. [PUBMED: 23401447]7562997
85. Patel PM, Suciu S, Mortier L, Kruit WH, Robert C, Schadendorf D, et al. Extended schedule, escalated dose temozolomide versus dacarbazine in stage IV melanoma: final results of a randomised phase III study (EORTC 18032). European Journal of Cancer 2011;47(10):1476-83. [PUBMED: 21600759]7562999
86. Postow MA, Chesney J, Pavlick AC, Robert C, Grossmann K, McDermott D, et al. Nivolumab and ipilimumab versus ipilimumab in untreated melanoma. New England Journal of Medicine 2015;372(21):2006-17. [PUBMED: 25891304]7563001
87. Presant CA, Bartolucci AA, Smalley RV, Vogler WR. Cyclophosphamide plus 5-(3, 3-dimethyl-1-triazeno)-imidazole-4-carboxamide (DTIC) with or without Corynebacterium parvum in metastatic malignant melanoma. Cancer 1979;44(3):899-905. [PUBMED: 383276]7563003
88. Presant CA, Bartolucci AA, Balch C, Troner M. A randomized comparison of cyclophosphamide, DTIC with or without piperazinedione in metastatic malignant melanoma. Cancer 1982;49(7):1355-7. [PUBMED: 7037162]7563005
89. Punt CJ, Suciu S, Gore MA, Koller J, Kruit WH, Thomas J, et al. Chemoimmunotherapy with dacarbazine, cisplatin, interferon-alpha2b and interleukin-2 versus two cycles of dacarbazine followed by chemoimmunotherapy in patients with metastatic melanoma: a randomised phase II study of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Melanoma Group. European Journal of Cancer 2006;42(17):2991-5. [PUBMED: 17023156]7563007
90. Ramseur WL, Richards F 2nd, Muss HB, Rhyne L, Cooper MR, White DR, et al. Chemoimmunotherapy for disseminated malignant melanoma: a prospective randomized study. Cancer Treatment Reports 1978;62(7):1085-7. [PUBMED: 356970]7563009
91. Ranson M, Hersey P, Thompson D, Beith J, McArthur GA, Haydon A, et al. Randomized trial of the combination of lomeguatrib and temozolomide compared with temozolomide alone in chemotherapy naive patients with metastatic cutaneous melanoma. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2007;25(18):2540-5. [PUBMED: 17577032]7563011
92. Reichle A, Vogt T, Coras B, Terheyden P, Neuber K, Trefzer U, et al. Targeted combined anti-inflammatory and angiostatic therapy in advanced melanoma: a randomized phase II trial. Melanoma Research 2007;17(6):360-4. [PUBMED: 17992118]7563013
93. Ribas A, Kefford R, Marshall MA, Punt CJ, Haanen JB, Marmol M, et al. Phase III randomized clinical trial comparing tremelimumab with standard-of-care chemotherapy in patients with advanced melanoma. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2013;31(5):616-22. [PUBMED: 23295794]7563015
94. Ribas A, Puzanov I, Dummer R, Schadendorf D, Hamid O, Robert C, et al. Pembrolizumab versus investigator-choice chemotherapy for ipilimumab-refractory melanoma (KEYNOTE-002): a randomised, controlled, phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncology 2015;16(8):908-18. [PUBMED: 26115796]7563017
95. Richtig E, Hofmann-Wellenhof R, Pehamberger H, Forstinger Ch, Wolff K, Mischer P, et al. Temozolomide and interferon alpha 2b in metastatic melanoma stage IV. British Journal of Dermatology 2004;151(1):91-8. [PUBMED: 15270876]7563019
96. Ridolfi R, Chiarion-Sileni V, Guida M, Romanini A, Labianca R, Freschi A, et al. Cisplatin, dacarbazine with or without subcutaneous interleukin-2, and interferon alpha-2b in advanced melanoma outpatients: results from an Italian multicenter phase III randomized clinical trial. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2002;20(6):1600-7. [PUBMED: 11896110]7563021
97. Ringborg U, Rudenstam CM, Hansson J, Hafstrom L, Stenstam B, Strander H. Dacarbazine versus dacarbazine-vindesine in disseminated malignant melanoma: a randomized phase II study. Medical Oncology and Tumor Pharmacotherapy 1989;6(4):285-9. [PUBMED: 2693850]7563023
98. Robert C, Thomas L, Bondarenko I, O'Day S, Weber J, Garbe C, et al. Ipilimumab plus dacarbazine for previously untreated metastatic melanoma. New England Journal of Medicine 2011;364(26):2517-26. [PUBMED: 21639810]7563025
99. Robert C, Dummer R, Gutzmer R, Lorigan P, Kim KB, Nyakas M, et al. Selumetinib plus dacarbazine versus placebo plus dacarbazine as first-line treatment for BRAF-mutant metastatic melanoma: a phase 2 double-blind randomised study. Lancet Oncology 2013;14(8):733-40. [PUBMED: 23735514]7563027
100. Robert C, Karaszewska B, Schachter J, Rutkowski P, Mackiewicz A, Stroiakovski D, et al. Improved overall survival in melanoma with combined dabrafenib and trametinib. New England Journal of Medicine 2015;372(1):30-9. [PUBMED: 25399551]7563029
101. Robert C, Long GV, Brady B, Dutriaux C, Maio M, Mortier L, et al. Nivolumab in previously untreated melanoma without BRAF mutation. New England Journal of Medicine 2015;372(4):320-30. [PUBMED: 25399552]7563031
102. Robert C, Schachter J, Long GV, Arance A, Grob JJ, Mortier L, et al. Pembrolizumab versus ipilimumab in advanced melanoma. New England Journal of Medicine 2015;372(26):2521-32. [PUBMED: 25891173]7563033
103. Robidoux A, Gutterman JU, Bodey GP Sr, Hersh EM. Actinomycin-D plus 5-(3, 3-dimethyl-1-triazeno)-imidazole-4-carboxamine (DTIC) with or without intravenous Corynebacterium parvum in metastatic malignant melanoma. Cancer 1982;49(11):2246-51. [PUBMED: 7042068]7563035
104. Rosenberg SA, Yang JC, Schwartzentruber DJ, Hwu P, Marincola FM, Topalian SL, et al. Prospective randomized trial of the treatment of patients with metastatic melanoma using chemotherapy with cisplatin, dacarbazine, and tamoxifen alone or in combination with interleukin-2 and interferon alfa-2b. Journal of Clinical Oncology 1999;17(3):968-75. [PUBMED: 10071291]7563037
105. Rusthoven JJ, Quirt IC, Iscoe NA, McCulloch PB, James KW, Lohmann RC, et al. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial comparing the response rates of carmustine, dacarbazine, and cisplatin with and without tamoxifen in patients with metastatic melanoma. National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group. Journal of Clinical Oncology 1996;14(7):2083-90. [PUBMED: 8683240]7563039
106. Schadendorf D, Ugurel S, Schuler-Thurner B, Nestle FO, Enk A, Brocker EB, et al. Dacarbazine (DTIC) versus vaccination with autologous peptide-pulsed dendritic cells (DC) in first-line treatment of patients with metastatic melanoma: a randomized phase III trial of the DC study group of the DeCOG. Annals of Oncology 2006;17(4):563-70. [PUBMED: 16418308]7563041
107. Schwartzentruber DJ, Lawson DH, Richards JM, Conry RM, Miller DM, Treisman J, et al. gp100 peptide vaccine and interleukin-2 in patients with advanced melanoma. New England Journal of Medicine 2011;364(22):2119-27. [PUBMED: 21631324]7563043
108. Sertoli MR, Queirolo P, Bajetta E, Del Vecchio M, Comella G, Barduagni L, et al. Multi-institutional phase II randomized trial of integrated therapy with cisplatin, dacarbazine, vindesine, subcutaneous interleukin-2, interferon alpha2a and tamoxifen in metastatic melanoma. BREMIM (Biological Response Modifiers in Melanoma). Melanoma Research 1999;9(5):503-9. [PUBMED: 10596917]7563045
109. Sparano JA, Fisher RI, Sunderland M, Margolin K, Ernest ML, Sznol M, et al. Randomized phase III trial of treatment with high-dose interleukin-2 either alone or in combination with interferon alfa-2a in patients with advanced melanoma. Journal of Clinical Oncology 1993;11(10):1969-77. [PUBMED: 8410122]7563047
110. Testori A, Richards J, Whitman E, Mann GB, Lutzky J, Camacho L, et al. Phase III comparison of vitespen, an autologous tumor-derived heat shock protein gp96 peptide complex vaccine, with physician's choice of treatment for stage IV melanoma: the C-100-21 Study Group. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2008;26(6):955-62. [PUBMED: 18281670]7563049
111. Thatcher N, Wagstaff J, Mene A, Smith D, Orton C, Craig P. Corynebacterium parvum followed by chemotherapy (actinomycin D and DTIC) compared with chemotherapy alone for metastatic malignant melanoma. European Journal of Cancer & Clinical Oncology 1986;22(8):1009-14. [PUBMED: 3770045]7563051
112. Thomson DB, Adena M, McLeod GR, Hersey P, Gill PG, Coates AS, et al. Interferon-alpha 2a does not improve response or survival when combined with dacarbazine in metastatic malignant melanoma: results of a multi-institutional Australian randomized trial. Melanoma Research 1993;3(2):133-8. [PUBMED: 8518552]7563053
113. WHO. Controlled study with imidazole carboxamide (DTIC), DTIC + bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), and DTIC + corynebacterium parvum in advanced malignant melanoma. W.H.O. Collaborating Centres for Evaluation of Methods of Diagnosis and Treatment of Melanoma. Tumori 1984;70(1):41-8. [PUBMED: 6369694]7563055
114. Verschraegen CF, Legha SS, Hersh EM, Plager C, Papadopoulos N, Burgess MA. Phase II study of vindesine and dacarbazine with or without non-specific stimulation of the immune system in patients with metastatic melanoma. European Journal of Cancer 1993;29A(5):708-11. [PUBMED: 8471328]7563057
115. Vorobiof DA, Bezwoda WR. A randomised trial of vindesine plus interferon-alpha 2b compared with interferon-alpha 2b or vindesine alone in the treatment of advanced malignant melanoma. European Journal of Cancer 1994;30A(6):797-800. [PUBMED: 7917540]7563059
116. Vuoristo MS, Hahka-Kemppinen M, Parvinen LM, Pyrhonen S, Seppa H, Korpela M, et al. Randomized trial of dacarbazine versus bleomycin, vincristine, lomustine and dacarbazine (BOLD) chemotherapy combined with natural or recombinant interferon-alpha in patients with advanced melanoma. Melanoma Research 2005;15(4):291-6. [PUBMED: 16034308]7563061
117. Weber JS, Zarour H, Redman B, Trefzer U, O'Day S, van den Eertwegh AJ, et al. Randomized phase 2/3 trial of CpG oligodeoxynucleotide PF-3512676 alone or with dacarbazine for patients with unresectable stage III and IV melanoma. Cancer 2009;115(17):3944-54. [PUBMED: 19536884]7563063
118. Weber JS, D'Angelo SP, Minor D, Hodi FS, Gutzmer R, Neyns B, et al. Nivolumab versus chemotherapy in patients with advanced melanoma who progressed after anti-CTLA-4 treatment (CheckMate 037): a randomised, controlled, open-label, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncology 2015;16(4):375-84. [PUBMED: 25795410]7563065
119. Wittes RE, Wittes JT, Golbey RB. Combination chemotherapy in metastatic malignant melanoma: a randomized study of three DTIC-containing combination. Cancer 1978;41(2):415-21. [PUBMED: 343907]7563067
120. Wolchok JD, Neyns B, Linette G, Negrier S, Lutzky J, Thomas L, et al. Ipilimumab monotherapy in patients with pretreated advanced melanoma: a randomised, double-blind, multicentre, phase 2, dose-ranging study. Lancet Oncology 2010;11(2):155-64. [PUBMED: 20004617]7563069
121. Young AM, Marsden J, Goodman A, Burton A, Dunn JA. Prospective randomized comparison of dacarbazine (DTIC) versus DTIC plus interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) in metastatic melanoma. Clinical Oncology 2001;13(6):458-65. [PUBMED: 11824887]7563071
122. Zimpfer-Rechner C, Hofmann U, Figl R, Becker JC, Trefzer U, Keller I, et al. Randomized phase II study of weekly paclitaxel versus paclitaxel and carboplatin as second-line therapy in disseminated melanoma: a multicentre trial of the Dermatologic Co-operative Oncology Group (DeCOG). Melanoma Research 2003;13(5):531-6. [PUBMED: 14512795]7563073
123. Asemissen AM, Scheibenbogen C, Letsch A, Hellstrand K, Thoren F, Gehlsen K, et al. Addition of histamine to interleukin 2 treatment augments type 1 T-cell responses in patients with melanoma in vivo: immunologic results from a randomized clinical trial of interleukin 2 with or without histamine (MP 104). Clinical Cancer Research 2005;11(1):290-7. [PUBMED: 15671558]7563075
124. Atzpodien J, Lopez Hanninen E, Kirchner H, Franzke A, Korfer A, Volkenandt M, et al. Chemoimmunotherapy of advanced malignant melanoma: sequential administration of subcutaneous interleukin-2 and interferon-alpha after intravenous dacarbazine and carboplatin or intravenous dacarbazine, cisplatin, carmustine and tamoxifen. European Journal of Cancer 1995;31A(6):876-81. [PUBMED: 7646914]7563077
125. Bleehen NM, Newlands ES, Lee SM, Thatcher N, Selby P, Calvert AH, et al. Cancer Research Campaign phase II trial of temozolomide in metastatic melanoma. Journal of Clinical Oncology 1995;13(4):910-3. [PUBMED: 7707118]7563079
126. Buchbinder EI, Sosman JA, Lawrence DP, McDermott DF, Ramaiya NH, Van den Abbeele AD, et al. Phase 2 study of sunitinib in patients with metastatic mucosal or acral melanoma. Cancer 2015;121(22):4007-15. [PUBMED: 26264378]7563081
127. Bukowski RM, Deodhar S, Hewlett JS, Greenstreet R. Randomized controlled trial of transfer factor in Stage II malignant melanoma. Cancer 1983;51(2):269-72. [PUBMED: 6336977]7563083
128. Cashin RP, Lui P, Machado M, Hemels ME, Corey-Lisle PK, Einarson TR. Advanced cutaneous malignant melanoma: a systematic review of economic and quality-of-life studies. Value in Health 2008;11(2):259-71. [PUBMED: 18380638]7563085
129. Cormier JN, Hurst R, Vasselli J, Lee D, Kim CJ, McKee M, et al. A prospective randomized evaluation of the prophylactic use of low-dose dopamine in cancer patients receiving interleukin-2. Journal of Immunotherapy 1997;20(4):292-300. [PUBMED: 9220319]7563087
130. Curl P, Vujic I, van 't Veer LJ, Ortiz-Urda S, Kahn JG. Cost-effectiveness of treatment strategies for BRAF mutated metastatic melanoma. PLoS One 2014;9(9):e107255. [PUBMED: 25198196]7563089
131. Downey SG, Klapper JA, Smith FO, Yang JC, Sherry RM, Royal RE, et al. Prognostic factors related to clinical response in patients with metastatic melanoma treated by CTL-associated antigen-4 blockade. Clinical Cancer Research 2007;13(22 Pt 1):6681-8. [PUBMED: 17982122]7563091
132. Hill GJ 2nd, Krementz ET, Hill HZ. Dimethyl triazeno imidazole carboxamide and combination therapy for melanoma. IV. Late results after complete response to chemotherapy (Central Oncology Group protocols 7130, 7131, and 7131A). Cancer 1984;53(6):1299-305. [PUBMED: 6362841]7563093
133. Hughes MS, Zager J, Faries M, Alexander HR, Royal RE, Wood B, et al. Results of a randomized controlled multicenter phase III trial of percutaneous hepatic perfusion compared with best available care for patients with melanoma liver metastases. Annals of Surgical Oncology 2016;23(4):1309-19. [PUBMED: 26597368]7563095
134. Hwu P. Promising results from phase III clinical trial of a peptide vaccine for advanced melanoma. Immunotherapy 2009;1(4):521. 7563097
135. Kaufman HL, Bines SD. OPTIM trial: a Phase III trial of an oncolytic herpes virus encoding GM-CSF for unresectable stage III or IV melanoma. Future Oncology 2010;6(6):941-9. [PUBMED: 20528232]7563099
136. Kleeberg UR, Mulder JH, Rumke P, Thomas D, Rozencweig M. N-(phosphonacetyl)-L-aspartate (PALA) in advanced malignant melanoma: a phase II trial of the EORTC Malignant Melanoma Cooperative Group. European Journal of Cancer & Clinical Oncology 1982;18(8):723-6. [PUBMED: 6217975]7563101
137. Lattanzi SC, Tosteson T, Chertoff J, Maurer LH, O'Donnell J, LeMarbre PJ, et al. Dacarbazine, cisplatin and carmustine, with or without tamoxifen, for metastatic melanoma: 5-year follow-up. Melanoma Research 1995;5(5):365-9. [PUBMED: 8541728]7563103
138. McDermott D, Haanen J, Chen TT, Lorigan P, O'Day S. Efficacy and safety of ipilimumab in metastatic melanoma patients surviving more than 2 years following treatment in a phase III trial (MDX010-20). Annals of Oncology 2013;24(10):2694-8. [PUBMED: 23942774]7563105
139. Mornex F, Thomas L, Mohr P, Hauschild A, Delaunay MM, Lesimple T, et al. A prospective randomized multicentre phase III trial of fotemustine plus whole brain irradiation versus fotemustine alone in cerebral metastases of malignant melanoma. Melanoma Research 2003;13(1):97-103. [PUBMED: 12569292]7563107
140. Quirt IC, De Boer G, Kersey PA, Baker MA, Bodurtha AJ, Norvell ST, et al. Randomized controlled trial of adjuvant chemoimmunotherapy with DTIC and BCG after complete excision of primary melanoma with a poor prognosis or melanoma metastases. Canadian Medical Association Journal 1983;128(8):929-33. [PUBMED: 6339024 ]7563109
141. Richards JM, Gale D, Mehta N, Lestingi T. Combination of chemotherapy with interleukin-2 and interferon alfa for the treatment of metastatic melanoma. Journal of Clinical Oncology 1999;17(2):651-7. [PUBMED: 10080611]7563111
142. Spieth K, Kaufmann R, Dummer R, Garbe C, Becker JC, Hauschild A, et al. Temozolomide plus pegylated interferon alfa-2b as first-line treatment for stage IV melanoma: a multicenter phase II trial of the Dermatologic Cooperative Oncology Group (DeCOG). Annals of Oncology 2008;19(4):801-6. [PUBMED: 18178958]7563113
143. Van Dyk JJ, Falkson G. A clinical trial of procarbazine plus vincristine plus bis-chloroethyl-nitrosourea plus imidazole carboxamide dimethyl triazeno in metastatic malignant melanoma. Medical and Pediatric Oncology 1975;1(2):107-11. [PUBMED: 1228411]7563115
144. Varker KA, Biber JE, Kefauver C, Jensen R, Lehman A, Young D, et al. A randomized phase 2 trial of bevacizumab with or without daily low-dose interferon alfa-2b in metastatic malignant melanoma. Annals of Surgical Oncology 2007;14(8):2367-76. [PUBMED: 17534686]7563117
145. Weber JS, Dummer R, de Pril V, Lebbe C, Hodi FS. Patterns of onset and resolution of immune-related adverse events of special interest with ipilimumab: detailed safety analysis from a phase 3 trial in patients with advanced melanoma. Cancer 2013;119(9):1675-82. [PUBMED: 23400564]7563119
146. Yang JC, Topalian SL, Schwartzentruber DJ, Parkinson DR, Marincola FM, Weber JS, et al. The use of polyethylene glycol-modified interleukin-2 (PEG-IL-2) in the treatment of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma and melanoma. A phase I study and a randomized prospective study comparing IL-2 alone versus IL-2 combined with PEG-IL-2. Cancer 1995;76(4):687-94. [PUBMED: 8625167]7563121
147. NCT01280565. A phase 3 study to compare efficacy and safety of masitinib to dacarbazine in the treatment of patients with non-resectable or metastatic stage 3 or stage 4 melanoma carrying a mutation in the juxta membrane domain of C-Kit. clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01280565 (first received 6 August 2010). 7563123
148. NCT01515189. Phase 3 trial in subjects with metastatic melanoma comparing 3 mg/kg ipilimumab versus 10 mg/kg ipilimumab. clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01515189 (first received 18 January 2012). 7563125
149. NCT01763164. Study comparing the efficacy of MEK162 versus dacarbazine in unresectable or metastatic NRAS mutation-positive melanoma. clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01763164 (first received 4 January 2013). 7563127
150. NCT01909453. Study comparing combination of LGX818 plus MEK162 versus vemurafenib and LGX818 monotherapy in BRAF mutant melanoma (COLUMBUS). clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01909453 (first received 24 July 2013). 7563129
151. NCT01940809. Ipilimumab with or without dabrafenib, trametinib, and/or nivolumab in treating patients with melanoma that is metastatic or cannot be removed by surgery. clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01940809 (first received 9 September 2013). 7563131
152. NCT01943422. Safety and efficacy study of vemurafenib and high-dose interferon alfa-2b in melanoma (12-107). clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01943422 (first received 27 August 2013). 7563133
153. NCT02130466. A study of the safety and efficacy of pembrolizumab (MK-3475) in combination with trametinib and dabrafenib in participants with advanced melanoma (MK-3475-022/KEYNOTE-022). clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02130466 (first received 1 May 2014). 7563135
154. NCT02224781. Dabrafenib and trametinib followed by ipilimumab and nivolumab or ipilimumab and nivolumab followed by dabrafenib and trametinib in treating patients with stage III-IV BRAFV600 melanoma. clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02224781 (first received 22 August 2014). 7563137
155. NCT02278887. Study comparing TIL to standard ipilimumab in patients with metastatic melanoma (TIL). clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02278887 (first received 3 June 2014). 7563139
156. NCT02339571. Nivolumab and ipilimumab with or without sargramostim in treating patients with stage III-IV melanoma that cannot be removed by surgery. clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02339571 (first received 12 January 2015). 7563141
157. NCT02388906. Efficacy study of nivolumab compared to ipilimumab in prevention of recurrence of melanoma after complete resection of stage IIIb/c or stage IV melanoma (CheckMate 238). clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02388906 (first received 10 March 2015). 7563143
158. NCT02416232. Access study of trametinib for subjects with advanced unresectable (Stage IIIc) or distant metastatic (Stage IV) BRAF V600E/K mutation positive cutaneous melanoma. clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02416232 (first received 9 April 2015). 7563145
159. NCT02460068. A study of fotemustine(FTM) vs FTM and ipilimumab (IPI) or IPI and nivolumab in melanoma brain metastasis (NIBIT-M2). clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02460068 (first received 22 May 2015). 7563147
160. NCT02506153. High-dose recombinant interferon alfa-2B, ipilimumab, or pembrolizumab in treating patients with stage III-IV high risk melanoma that has been removed by surgery. clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02506153 (first received 22 July 2015). 7563149
161. NCT02599402. Nivolumab combined with ipilimumab followed by nivolumab monotherapy as first-line treatment for patients with advanced melanoma (CheckMate 401). clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02599402 (first received 5 November 2015). 7563151
162. NCT02625337. Study comparing pembrolizumab with dual MAPK pathway inhibition plus pembrolizumab in melanoma patients (IMPemBra). clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02625337 (first received 1 December 2015). 7563153
163. NCT02714218. A study of two different dose combinations of nivolumab in combination with ipilimumab in subjects with previously untreated, unresectable or metastatic melanoma. clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02714218 (first received 16 March 2016). 7563155
164. NCT02752074. A phase 3 study of pembrolizumab + epacadostat or placebo in subjects with unresectable or metastatic melanoma (Keynote-252 / ECHO-301). clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02752074 (first received 22 April 2016). 7563157
165. NCT02821013. Duration of anti-PD-1 therapy in metastatic melanoma (STOP-GAP). clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02821013 (first received 29 June 2016). 7563159
166. Altman DG, Andersen PK. Calculating the number needed to treat for trials where the outcome is time to an event. BMJ 1999;319(7223):1492-5. [PUBMED: 10582940]
167. Altman DG, Deeks JJ. Meta-analysis, Simpson's paradox, and the number needed to treat. BMC Medical Research Methodology 2002;2:3. [PUBMED: 11860606]
168. Arkenau HT, Kefford R, Long GV. Targeting BRAF for patients with melanoma. British Journal of Cancer 2011;104(3):392-8. [PUBMED: 21139585]
169. Al-Abd AM, Alamoudi AJ, Abdel-Naim AB, Neamatallah TA, Ashour OM. Anti-angiogenic agents for the treatment of solid tumors: Potential pathways, therapy and current strategies - A review. Journal of Advanced Research 2017;8(6):591-605. [PUBMED: 28808589]
170. Australian Cancer Network Melanoma Guidelines Revision Working Party. Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Management of Melanoma in Australia and New Zealand (CP111). Wellington 2008. [www.nhmrc.gov.au/_files_nhmrc/publications/attachments/cp111.pdf]
171. Bajetta E, Del Vecchio M, Nova P, Fusi A, Daponte A, Sertoli MR, et al. Multicenter phase III randomized trial of polychemotherapy (CVD regimen) versus the same chemotherapy (CT) plus subcutaneous interleukin-2 and interferon-alpha2b in metastatic melanoma. Annals of Oncology 2006;17(4):571-7. [PUBMED: 16469753]
172. Balch CM, Soong SJ, Gershenwald JE, Thompson JF, Reintgen DS, Cascinelli N, et al. Prognostic factors analysis of 17, 600 melanoma patients: validation of the American Joint Committee on Cancer melanoma staging system. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2001;19(16):3622-34. [PUBMED: 11504744]
173. Balch CM, Gershenwald JE, Soong SJ, Thompson JF, Atkins MB, Byrd DR, et al. Final version of 2009 AJCC melanoma staging and classification. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2009;27(36):6199-206. [PUBMED: 19917835]
174. Belardelli F, Ferrantini M, Proietti E, Kirkwood JM. Interferon-alpha in tumor immunity and immunotherapy. Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews 2002;13(2):119-34. [MEDLINE: 11900988]
175. Beusterien KM, Ackerman SJ, Plante K, Glaspy J, Naredi P, Wood D, et al. The health-related quality-of-life impact of histamine dihydrochloride plus interleukin-2 compared with interleukin-2 alone in patients with metastatic melanoma. Supportive Care in Cancer 2003;11(5):304-12. [PUBMED: 12720074]
176. Borenstein M, Hedges LV, Higgins JPT, Rothstein HR. Multiple comparisons within a study. Introduction to Meta-analysis. 1st Edition. Wiley-Blackwell, 2009:239-242.
177. Brundage MD, Pater JL, Zee B. Assessing the reliability of two toxicity scales: implications for interpreting toxicity data. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 1993;85(14):1138-48. [PUBMED: 8320743]
178. Caino MC, Altieri DC. Molecular pathways: mitochondrial reprogramming in tumor progression and therapy. Clinical Cancer Research 2016;22(3):540-5. [PUBMED: 26660517]
179. Cancer Research UK 2017. General cancer information. www.about-cancer.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/cancer-in-general/treatment/targeted-cancer-drugs/types/monoclonal-antibodies (accessed 13 December 2017).
180. Case LD, Kimmick G, Paskett ED, Lohman K, Tucker R. Interpreting measures of treatment effect in cancer clinical trials. Oncologist 2002;7(3):181-7. [PUBMED: 12065789 ]
181. Chaimani A, Higgins JP, Mavridis D, Spyridonos P, Salanti G. Graphical tools for network meta-analysis in STATA. PloS One 2013;8(10):e76654. [PUBMED: 24098547]
182. Chi M, Dudek AZ. Vaccine therapy for metastatic melanoma: systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials. Melanoma Research 2011;21(3):165-74. [MEDLINE: 21537143]
183. Chiarion-Sileni V, Del Bianco P, De Salvo GL, Lo Re G, Romanini A, Labianca R, et al. Quality of life evaluation in a randomised trial of chemotherapy versus bio-chemotherapy in advanced melanoma patients. European Journal of Cancer 2003;39(11):1577-85. [PUBMED: 12855265]
184. Cipriani A, Higgins JP, Geddes JR, Salanti G. Conceptual and technical challenges in network meta-analysis. Annals of Internal Medicine 2013;159(2):130-7. [PUBMED: 23856683]
185. CiRen B, Wang X, Long Z. The evaluation of immunotherapy and chemotherapy treatment on melanoma: a network meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2016;7(49):81493-81511. [PUBMED: 27845904]
186. Coates A, Thomson D, McLeod GR, Hersey P, Gill PG, Olver IN, et al. Prognostic value of quality of life scores in a trial of chemotherapy with or without interferon in patients with metastatic malignant melanoma. European Journal of Cancer 1993;29A(12):1731-4. [PUBMED: 8398303]
187. Davies H, Bignell GR, Cox C, Stephens P, Edkins S, Clegg S, et al. Mutations of the BRAF gene in human cancer. Nature 2002;417(6892):949-54. [PUBMED: 12068308]
188. Devji T, Levine O, Neupane B, Beyene J, Xie F. Systemic therapy for previously untreated advanced BRAF-mutated melanoma: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. JAMA Oncology 2017;3(3):366-73. [PUBMED: 27787543]
189. Di Giacomo AM, Ascierto PA, Pilla L, Santinami M, Ferrucci PF, Giannarelli D, et al. Ipilimumab and fotemustine in patients with advanced melanoma (NIBIT-M1): an open-label, single-arm phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncology 2012;13(9):879-86. [PUBMED: 22894884]
190. Donegan S, Williamson P, D'Alessandro U, Tudur Smith C. Assessing key assumptions of network meta-analysis: a review of methods. Research Synthesis Methods 2013;4(4):291-323. [PUBMED: 26053945]
191. Edlundh-Rose E, Egyhazi S, Omholt K, Mansson-Brahme E, Platz A, Hansson J, et al. NRAS and BRAF mutations in melanoma tumours in relation to clinical characteristics: a study based on mutation screening by pyrosequencing. Melanoma Research 2006;16(6):471-8. [PUBMED: 17119447]
192. Eggermont AM, Testori A, Marsden J, Hersey P, Quirt I, Petrella T, et al. Utility of adjuvant systemic therapy in melanoma. Annals of Oncology 2009;20(Suppl 6):vi30-4. [PUBMED: 19617295]
193. Ferlay J, Shin HR, Bray F, Forman D, Mathers C, Parkin DM. Estimates of worldwide burden of cancer in 2008: GLOBOCAN 2008. International journal of cancer 2010;127(12):2893-917. [PUBMED: 21351269]
194. Flaherty KT, Infante JR, Daud A, Gonzalez R, Kefford RF, Sosman J, et al. Combined BRAF and MEK inhibition in melanoma with BRAF V600 mutations. The New England journal of medicine 2012;367(18):1694-703. [PUBMED: 23020132]
195. Flaherty KT, Lee SJ, Zhao F, Schuchter LM, Flaherty L, Kefford R, et al. Phase III trial of carboplatin and paclitaxel with or without sorafenib in metastatic melanoma. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2013;31(3):373-9. [PUBMED: 23248256]
196. Forsea AM, Del Marmol V, de Vries E, Bailey EE, Geller AC. Melanoma incidence and mortality in Europe: new estimates, persistent disparities. British Journal of Dermatology 2012;167(5):1124-30. [PUBMED: 22759278]
197. Garbe C, Eigentler TK, Keilholz U, Hauschild A, Kirkwood JM. Systematic review of medical treatment in melanoma: current status and future prospects. Oncologist 2011;16(1):5-24. [MEDLINE: 21212434]
198. Gentile C, Martorana A, Lauria A, Bonsignore R. Kinase inhibitors in multitargeted cancer therapy. Current Medicinal Chemistry 2017;24(16):1671-86. [PUBMED: 28078996]
199. Gorry C, McCullagh L, O'Donnell H, Barrett S, Schmitz S, Barry M, et al. Neoadjuvant treatment for malignant and metastatic cutaneous melanoma. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews in press.
200. Grob JJ, Amonkar MM, Martin-Algarra S, Demidov LV, Goodman V, Grotzinger K, et al. Patient perception of the benefit of a BRAF inhibitor in metastatic melanoma: quality-of-life analyses of the BREAK-3 study comparing dabrafenib with dacarbazine. Annals of Oncology 2014;25(7):1428-36. [PUBMED: 24769640]
201. Grob JJ, Amonkar MM, Karaszewska B, Schachter J, Dummer R, Mackiewicz A, et al. Comparison of dabrafenib and trametinib combination therapy with vemurafenib monotherapy on health-related quality of life in patients with unresectable or metastatic cutaneous BRAF Val600-mutation-positive melanoma (COMBI-v): results of a phase 3, open-label, randomised trial. Lancet Oncology 2015;16(13):1389-98. [PUBMED: 26433819]
202. Guo J, Si L, Kong Y, Flaherty KT, Xu X, Zhu Y, et al. Phase II, open-label, single-arm trial of imatinib mesylate in patients with metastatic melanoma harboring c-Kit mutation or amplification. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2011;29(21):2904-9. [PUBMED: 21690468]
203. Guyatt GH, Oxman AD, Vist GE, Kunz R, Falck-Ytter Y, Alonso-Coello P, et al. GRADE; an emerging consensus on rating quality of evidence and strength of recommendations. BMJ 2008;336(7650):924-6. [PUBMED: 18436948]
204. Gyorki DE, Yuan J, Mu Z, Zaidi B, Pulitzer M, Busam K, et al. Immunological insights from patients undergoing surgery on ipilimumab for metastatic melanoma. Annals of Surgical Oncology 2013;20(9):3106-11. [PUBMED: 23681603]
205. Hamid O, Robert C, Daud A, Hodi FS, Hwu WJ, Kefford R, et al. Safety and tumor responses with lambrolizumab (anti-PD-1) in melanoma. New England Journal of Medicine 2013;369(2):134-44. [PUBMED: 23724846]
206. Hamm C, Verma S, Petrella T, Bak K, Charette M, Melanoma Disease Site Group of Cancer Care Ontario's Program in Evidence-based Care. Biochemotherapy for the treatment of metastatic malignant melanoma: a systematic review. Cancer Treatment Reviews 2008;34(2):145-56. [PUBMED: 18077098]
207. Hauschild A, Agarwala SS, Trefzer U, Hogg D, Robert C, Hersey P, et al. Results of a phase III, randomized, placebo-controlled study of sorafenib in combination with carboplatin and paclitaxel as second-line treatment in patients with unresectable stage III or stage IV melanoma. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2009;27(17):2823-30. [PUBMED: 19349552]
208. Higgins JPT, Green S (editors). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0 [Updated March 2011]. The Cochrane Collaboration 2011. Available from www.cochrane-handbook.org.
209. Higgins JP, Jackson D, Barrett JK, Lu G, Ades AE, White IR. Consistency and inconsistency in network meta-analysis: concepts and models for multi-arm studies. Research Synthesis Methods 2012;3(2):98-110. [PUBMED: 26062084]
210. Hillner BE, Agarwala S, Middleton MR. Post hoc economic analysis of temozolomide versus dacarbazine in the treatment of advanced metastatic melanoma. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2000;18(7):1474-80. [PUBMED: 10735895]
211. Hodi FS, O'Day SJ, McDermott DF, Weber RW, Sosman JA, Haanen JB, et al. Improved survival with ipilimumab in patients with metastatic melanoma. New England Journal of Medicine 2010;363(8):711-23. [PUBMED: 20525992]
212. Hong H, Carlin BP, Shamliyan TA, Wyman JF, Ramakrishnan R, Sainfort F, et al. Comparing Bayesian and frequentist approaches for multiple outcome mixed treatment comparisons. Medical Decision Making 2013;33(5):702-14. [PUBMED: 23549384]
213. Huncharek M, Caubet JF, McGarry R. Single-agent DTIC versus combination chemotherapy with or without immunotherapy in metastatic melanoma: a meta-analysis of 3273 patients from 20 randomized trials. Melanoma Research 2001;11(1):75-81. [PUBMED: 11254118]
214. Ives NJ, Stowe RL, Lorigan P, Wheatley K. Chemotherapy compared with biochemotherapy for the treatment of metastatic melanoma: a meta-analysis of 18 trials involving 2, 621 patients. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2007;25(34):5426-34. [PUBMED: 18048825]
215. Jager NG, Linn SC, Schellens JH, Beijnen JH. Tailored tamoxifen treatment for breast cancer patients: a perspective. Clin Breast Cancer 2015;15(4):241-4. [PUBMED: 25997856]
216. Jayson GC, Kerbel R, Ellis LM, Harris AL. Antiangiogenic therapy in oncology: current status and future directions. Lancet 2016;388(10043):518-29. [PUBMED: 26853587]
217. Keilholz U, Gore ME. Biochemotherapy for advanced melanoma. Seminars in Oncology 2002;29(5):456-61. [PUBMED: 12407510]
218. Kiebert GM, Jonas DL, Middleton MR. Health-related quality of life in patients with advanced metastatic melanoma: results of a randomized phase III study comparing temozolomide with dacarbazine. Cancer Investigation 2003;21(6):821-9. [PUBMED: 14735685]
219. Kirkwood JM, Tarhini AA, Panelli MC, Moschos SJ, Zarour HM, Butterfield LH, et al. Next generation of immunotherapy for melanoma. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2008;26(20):3445-55. [PUBMED: 18612161]
220. Kirkwood JM, Butterfield LH, Tarhini AA, Zarour H, Kalinski P, Ferrone S. Immunotherapy of cancer in 2012. CA: a Cancer Journal for Clinicians 2012;62(5):309-35. [PUBMED: 22576456]
221. Kirkwood JM, Bastholt L, Robert C, Sosman J, Larkin J, Hersey P, et al. Phase II, open-label, randomized trial of the MEK1/2 inhibitor selumetinib as monotherapy versus temozolomide in patients with advanced melanoma. Clinical Cancer Research 2012;18(2):555-67. [PUBMED: 22048237]
222. Klein O, Clements A, Menzies AM, O'Toole S, Kefford RF, Long GV. BRAF inhibitor activity in V600R metastatic melanoma. European Journal of Cancer 2013;49(5):1073-9. [PUBMED: 23237741]
223. La Porta CA. Drug resistance in melanoma: new perspectives. Current Medicinal Chemistry 2007;14(4):387-91. [PUBMED: 17305541]
224. La Porta CA. Mechanism of drug sensitivity and resistance in melanoma. Current Cancer Drug Targets 2009;9(3):391-7. [PUBMED: 19442058]
225. Little EG, Eide MJ. Update on the current state of melanoma incidence. Dermatologic Clinics 2012;30(3):355-61. [MEDLINE: 22800543]
226. Long GV, Menzies AM, Nagrial AM, Haydu LE, Hamilton AL, Mann GJ, et al. Prognostic and clinicopathologic associations of oncogenic BRAF in metastatic melanoma. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2011;29(10):1239-46. [PUBMED: 21343559]
227. Long GV, Trefzer U, Davies MA, Kefford RF, Ascierto PA, Chapman PB, et al. Dabrafenib in patients with Val600Glu or Val600Lys BRAF-mutant melanoma metastatic to the brain (BREAK-MB): a multicentre, open-label, phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncology 2012;13(11):1087-95. [PUBMED: 23051966]
228. Long GV, Trefzer U, Davies MA, Kefford RF, Ascierto PA, Chapman PB, et al. Dabrafenib in patients with Val600Glu or Val600Lys BRAF-mutant melanoma metastatic to the brain (BREAK-MB): a multicentre, open-label, phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncology 2012;13(11):1087-95. [PUBMED: 23051966]
229. Margolin K, Ernstoff MS, Hamid O, Lawrence D, McDermott D, Puzanov I, et al. Ipilimumab in patients with melanoma and brain metastases: an open-label, phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncology 2012;13(5):459-65. [PUBMED: 22456429]
230. McKinnon JG, Starritt EC, Scolyer RA, McCarthy WH, Thompson JF. Histopathologic excision margin affects local recurrence rate: analysis of 2681 patients with melanomas < or =2 mm thick. Annals of Surgery 2005;241(2):326-33. [PUBMED: 15650644]
231. Meckbach D, Bauer J, Pflugfelder A, Meier F, Busch C, Eigentler TK, et al. Survival according to BRAF-V600 tumor mutations--an analysis of 437 patients with primary melanoma. PloS One 2014;9(1):e86194. [PUBMED: 24475086]
232. Melanoma Institute Australia. Glossary. www.melanoma.org.au/understanding-melanoma/glossary/braf/ (accessed 13 December 2017).
233. Menzies AM, Kefford RF, Long GV. Paradoxical oncogenesis: are all BRAF inhibitors equal?. Pigment Cell & Melanoma Research 2013;26(5):611-5. [PUBMED: 23795808]
234. Mills EJ, Thorlund K, Ioannidis JP. Demystifying trial networks and network meta-analysis. BMJ (Clinical research ed.) 2013;346:f2914. [PUBMED: 23674332]
235. Mocellin S, Rossi CR, Nitti D, Lise M, Marincola FM. Dissecting tumor responsiveness to immunotherapy: the experience of peptide-based melanoma vaccines. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2003 Dec 5;1653(2):61-71 2003;1653:61-71.
236. Mocellin S, Mandruzzato S, Bronte V, Lise M, Nitti D. Part I: Vaccines for solid tumours. Lancet Oncology 2004;5(11):681-9. [MEDLINE: 15522656]
237. Mocellin S. Cancer vaccines: the challenge of developing an ideal tumor killing system. Frontiers in Bioscience 2005;10:2285-305. [MEDLINE: 15970495]
238. Mocellin S, Nitti D. Therapeutics targeting tumor immune escape: towards the development of new generation anticancer vaccines. Medicinal Research Reviews 2008;28(3):413-44. [MEDLINE: 17694549]
239. Mocellin S, Pilati P, Nitti D. Peptide-based anticancer vaccines: recent advances and future perspectives. Curr Med Chem 2009;16:4779-96.
240. Mocellin S, Pasquali S, Rossi CR, Nitti D. Interferon alpha adjuvant therapy in patients with high-risk melanoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 2010;102(7):493-501. [PUBMED: 20179267]
241. Mocellin S, Shrager J, Scolyer R, Pasquali S, Verdi D, Marincola FM, et al. Targeted Therapy Database (TTD): a model to match patient's molecular profile with current knowledge on cancer biology. PloS One 2010;5(8):e11965. [PUBMED: 20706624]
242. Mocellin S, Pasquali S, Nitti D. The impact of surgery on survival of patients with cutaneous melanoma: revisiting the role of primary tumor excision margins. Annals of Surgery 2011;253(2):238-43. [PUBMED: 21173691]
243. Mocellin S, Lens MB, Pasquali S, Pilati P, Chiarion Sileni V. Interferon alpha for the adjuvant treatment of cutaneous melanoma. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2013, Issue 6. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD008955]
244. Mocellin S, Benna C, Pilati P. Coinhibitory molecules in cancer biology and therapy. Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews 2013;24(2):147-61. [PUBMED: 23380546]
245. Mocellin S, Nitti D. CTLA-4 blockade and the renaissance of cancer immunotherapy. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 2013;1836(2):187-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2013.05.003; PUBMED: 23748107]
246. National Toxicology Program. Dacarbazine. Report on carcinogens: carcinogen profiles / U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Program 2011;12:127-8. [PUBMED: 21850138]
247. Parmar MK, Torri V, Stewart L. Extracting summary statistics to perform meta-analyses of the published literature for survival endpoints. Statistics in Medicine 1998;17(24):2815-34. [PUBMED: 9921604]
248. Pasquali S, Mocellin S. The anticancer face of interferon alpha (IFN-alpha): from biology to clinical results, with a focus on melanoma. Current Medicinal Chemistry 2010;17(29):3327-36. [MEDLINE: 20712571]
249. Pasquali S, Haydu LE, Scolyer RA, Winstanley JB, Spillane AJ, Quinn MJ, et al. The importance of adequate primary tumor excision margins and sentinel node biopsy in achieving optimal locoregional control for patients with thick primary melanomas. Annals of Surgery 2013;258(1):152-7. [PUBMED: 23426339]
250. Pasquali S, Kefford R, Chiarion Sileni V, Nitti D, Rossi CR, Pilati P, et al. Systemic treatments for metastatic cutaneous melanoma. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2014, Issue 5. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD011123]
251. Pasquali S, Chiarion-Sileni V, Rossi CR, Mocellin S. Immune checkpoint inhibitors and targeted therapies for metastatic melanoma: A network meta-analysis. Cancer Treatment Reviews 2017;54:34-42. [PUBMED: 28189914]
252. Revicki DA, van den Eertwegh AJ, Lorigan P, Lebbe C, Linette G, Ottensmeier CH, et al. Health related quality of life outcomes for unresectable stage III or IV melanoma patients receiving ipilimumab treatment. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes 2012;10:66. [PUBMED: 22694829]
253. Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration. Review Manager 5 (RevMan). Version 5.3. Copenhagen: Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration, 2014.
254. Ridolfi R, Chiarion-Sileni V, Guida M, Romanini A, Labianca R, Freschi A, et al. Cisplatin, dacarbazine with or without subcutaneous interleukin-2, and interferon alpha-2b in advanced melanoma outpatients: results from an Italian multicenter phase III randomized clinical trial. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2002;20(6):1600-7. [PUBMED: 11896110]
255. Salanti G, Ades AE, Ioannidis JP. Graphical methods and numerical summaries for presenting results from multiple-treatment meta-analysis: an overview and tutorial. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 2011;64(2):163-71. [PUBMED: 20688472]
256. Salanti G, Del Giovane C, Chaimani A, Caldwell DM, Higgins JP. Evaluating the quality of evidence from a network meta-analysis. PloS One 2014;9(7):e99682. [PUBMED: 24992266]
257. Sasse AD, Sasse EC, Clark LG, Ulloa L, Clark OA. Chemoimmunotherapy versus chemotherapy for metastatic malignant melanoma. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2007, Issue 1. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD005413.pub2]
258. Schadendorf D, Algarra SM, Bastholt L, Cinat G, Dreno B, Eggermont AM, et al. Immunotherapy of distant metastatic disease. Annals of Oncology 2009;20(Suppl 6):vi41-50. [PUBMED: 19617297]
259. Schadendorf D, Amonkar MM, Milhem M, Grotzinger K, Demidov LV, Rutkowski P, et al. Functional and symptom impact of trametinib versus chemotherapy in BRAF V600E advanced or metastatic melanoma: quality-of-life analyses of the METRIC study. Annals of Oncology 2014;25(3):700-6. [PUBMED: 24504441]
260. Schadendorf D, Amonkar MM, Stroyakovskiy D, Levchenko E, Gogas H, de Braud F, et al. Health-related quality of life impact in a randomised phase III study of the combination of dabrafenib and trametinib versus dabrafenib monotherapy in patients with BRAF V600 metastatic melanoma. European Journal of Cancer 2015;51(7):833-40. [PUBMED: 25794603]
261. Schulz KF, Altman DG, Moher D, CONSORT Group. CONSORT 2010 statement: updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomised trials. BMJ 2010;340:c332. [PUBMED: 20332509]
262. Schwartzentruber DJ, Lawson DH, Richards JM, Conry RM, Miller DM, Treisman J, et al. gp100 peptide vaccine and interleukin-2 in patients with advanced melanoma. New England Journal of Medicine 2011;364(22):2119-27. [MEDLINE: 21631324]
263. Scolyer RA, Long GV, Thompson JF. Evolving concepts in melanoma classification and their relevance to multidisciplinary melanoma patient care. Molecular Oncology 2011;5(2):124-36. [PUBMED: 21482206]
264. Serrone L, Hersey P. The chemoresistance of human malignant melanoma: an update. Melanoma Research 1999;9(1):51-8. [MEDLINE: 10338334]
265. Sherrill B, Wang J, Kotapati S, Chin K. Q-TWiST analysis comparing ipilimumab/dacarbazine vs placebo/dacarbazine for patients with stage III/IV melanoma. British Journal of Cancer 2013;109(1):8-13. [PUBMED: 23787916]
266. Siegel R, Naishadham D, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2012. CA: a Cancer Journal for Clinicians 2012;62(1):10-29. [PUBMED: 22237781]
267. Sladden MJ, Balch C, Barzilai DA, Berg D, Freiman A, Handiside T, et al. Surgical excision margins for primary cutaneous melanoma. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2009, Issue 4. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004835.pub2; PUBMED: 19821334]
268. Sosman JA, Kim KB, Schuchter L, Gonzalez R, Pavlick AC, Weber JS, et al. Survival in BRAF V600-mutant advanced melanoma treated with vemurafenib. New England Journal of Medicine 2012;366(8):707-14. [PUBMED: 22356324]
269. StataCorp. Stata. Version 11.2. College Station, TX, USA: StataCorp, 2017.
270. Stevens G, McKay MJ. Dispelling the myths surrounding radiotherapy for treatment of cutaneous melanoma. Lancet Oncology 2006;7(7):575-83. [PUBMED: 16814209]
271. Tarhini AA, Agarwala SS. Interleukin-2 for the treatment of melanoma. Current opinion in Investigational Drugs 2005;6(12):1234-9. [PUBMED: 16370388]
272. Testori A, Rutkowski P, Marsden J, Bastholt L, Chiarion-Sileni V, Hauschild A, et al. Surgery and radiotherapy in the treatment of cutaneous melanoma. Annals of Oncology 2009;20(Suppl 6):vi22-9. [PUBMED: 19617294]
273. Therasse P. Measuring the clinical response. What does it mean?. European Journal of Cancer 2002;38(14):1817-23. [PUBMED: 12204662]
274. Thompson JF, Scolyer RA, Kefford RF. Cutaneous melanoma in the era of molecular profiling. Lancet 2009;374(9687):362-5. [PUBMED: 19647595]
275. Tierney JF, Stewart LA, Ghersi D, Burdett S, Sydes MR. Practical methods for incorporating summary time-to-event data into meta-analysis. Trials 2007;8:16. [PUBMED: 17555582]
276. Wevers KP, Hoekstra HJ. Stage IV melanoma: completely resectable patients are scarce. Annals of Surgical Oncology 2013;20(7):2352-6. [PUBMED: 23392854]
277. White IR. Multivariate random-effects meta-regression: Updates to mvmeta. Stata Journal 2011;11(2):255-70. [www.stata-journal.com/sj11-2.html]
278. White IR, Barrett JK, Jackson D, Higgins JP. Consistency and inconsistency in network meta-analysis: model estimation using multivariate meta-regression. Research Synthesis Methods 2012;3(2):111-25. [PUBMED: 26062085]
279. White I. Network meta-analysis. Stata Journal 2015;15(4):951-85.
280. Wise J. NICE approves immunotherapy combination for advanced melanoma. BMJ 2016;353:i3421. [PUBMED: 27317590]
281. Crosby T, Fish R, Coles B, Mason M. Systemic treatments for metastatic cutaneous melanoma. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2000, Issue 2. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD001215]