Transcriptional networks specifying homeostatic and inflammatory programs of gene expression in human aortic endothelial cells

eLife

Volumn 6, Issue , 2017, Pages

  Hogan, Nicholas T ^a   Whalen, Michael B ^b   Stolze, Lindsey K ^b   Hadeli, Nizar K ^b   Lam, Michael T ^a   Springstead, James R ^c   Glass, Christopher K ^a   Romanoski, Casey E ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA   (United States)

^c WESTERN MICHIGAN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

IMMUNOGLOBULIN ENHANCER BINDING PROTEIN; INTERFERON REGULATORY FACTOR 1; PROTEIN C JUN; SMALL INTERFERING RNA; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR AP 1; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR ERG; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR ETS; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR GATA; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR SOX;

AORTIC ENDOTHELIAL CELL; ARTICLE; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION; GENE EXPRESSION; GENE MUTATION; GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION; GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDY; HOMEOSTASIS; HUMAN; HUMAN CELL; HYPERTENSION; INFLAMMATION; RNA SEQUENCE; SEQUENCE ANALYSIS; SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM; WHOLE GENOME SEQUENCING; CELL CULTURE; ENDOTHELIUM CELL; GENE REGULATORY NETWORK; PHYSIOLOGY; REGULATORY SEQUENCE;

CELLS, CULTURED; ENDOTHELIAL CELLS; GENE REGULATORY NETWORKS; HUMANS; POLYMORPHISM, SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE; REGULATORY ELEMENTS, TRANSCRIPTIONAL;

EID: 85023611906     PISSN: None     EISSN: 2050084X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.7554/eLife.22536     Document Type: Article

References (71)

1. Anders S, Huber W. 2010. Differential expression analysis for sequence count data. Genome Biology 11:R106. doi: 10.1186/gb-2010-11-10-r106, PMID: 20979621
2. Andersson R, Gebhard C, Miguel-Escalada I, Hoof I, Bornholdt J, Boyd M, Chen Y, Zhao X, Schmidl C, Suzuki T, Ntini E, Arner E, Valen E, Li K, Schwarzfischer L, Glatz D, Raithel J, Lilje B, Rapin N, Bagger FO, et al. 2014. An atlas of active enhancers across human cell types and tissues. Nature 507:455–461. doi: 10.1038/nature12787, PMID: 24670763
3. Aouizerat BE, Vittinghoff E, Musone SL, Pawlikowska L, Kwok PY, Olgin JE, Tseng ZH. 2011. GWAS for discovery and replication of genetic loci associated with sudden cardiac arrest in patients with coronary artery disease. BMC Cardiovascular Disorders 11:29. doi: 10.1186/1471-2261-11-29, PMID: 21658281
4. Auton A, Brooks LD, Durbin RM, Garrison EP, Kang HM, Korbel JO, Marchini JL, McCarthy S, McVean GA, Abecasis GR, 1000 Genomes Project Consortium. 2015. A global reference for human genetic variation. Nature 526:68–74. doi: 10.1038/nature15393, PMID: 26432245
5. Bassuk AG, Leiden JM. 1995. A direct physical association between ETS and AP-1 transcription factors in normal human T cells. Immunity 3:223–237. doi: 10.1016/1074-7613(95)90092-6, PMID: 7648395
6. Birdsey GM, Dryden NH, Amsellem V, Gebhardt F, Sahnan K, Haskard DO, Dejana E, Mason JC, Randi AM. 2008. Transcription factor erg regulates angiogenesis and endothelial apoptosis through VE-cadherin. Blood 111:3498–3506. doi: 10.1182/blood-2007-08-105346, PMID: 18195090
7. Birdsey GM, Shah AV, Dufton N, Reynolds LE, Osuna Almagro L, Yang Y, Aspalter IM, Khan ST, Mason JC, Dejana E, Göttgens B, Hodivala-Dilke K, Gerhardt H, Adams RH, Randi AM. 2015. The endothelial transcription factor ERG promotes vascular stability and growth through wnt/β-catenin signaling. Developmental Cell 32:82– 96. doi: 10.1016/j.devcel.2014.11.016, PMID: 25584796
8. Brown JD, Lin CY, Duan Q, Griffin G, Federation AJ, Paranal RM, Bair S, Newton G, Lichtman AH, Kung AL, Yang T, Wang H, Luscinskas FW, Croce KJ, Bradner JE, Plutzky J. 2014. NF-kB directs dynamic super enhancer formation in inflammation and atherogenesis. Molecular Cell 56:219–231. doi: 10.1016/j.molcel.2014.08.024, PMID: 25263595
9. Browning BL, Browning SR. 2016. Genotype imputation with millions of Reference Samples. The American Journal of Human Genetics 98:116–126. doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2015.11.020, PMID: 26748515
10. Browning SR, Browning BL. 2007. Rapid and accurate haplotype phasing and missing-data inference for whole-genome association studies by use of localized haplotype clustering. The American Journal of Human Genetics 81:1084–1097. doi: 10.1086/521987, PMID: 17924348
11. Buenrostro JD, Giresi PG, Zaba LC, Chang HY, Greenleaf WJ. 2013. Transposition of native chromatin for fast and sensitive epigenomic profiling of open chromatin, DNA-binding proteins and nucleosome position. Nature Methods 10:1213–1218. doi: 10.1038/nmeth.2688, PMID: 24097267
12. Coronary Artery Disease (C4D) Genetics Consortium. 2011. A genome-wide association study in Europeans and South Asians identifies five new loci for coronary artery disease. Nature Genetics 43:339–344. doi: 10. 1038/ng.782, PMID: 21378988
13. Creyghton MP, Cheng AW, Welstead GG, Kooistra T, Carey BW, Steine EJ, Hanna J, Lodato MA, Frampton GM, Sharp PA, Boyer LA, Young RA, Jaenisch R. 2010. Histone H3K27ac separates active from poised enhancers and predicts developmental state. PNAS 107:21931–21936. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1016071107, PMID: 21106759
14. Davies RW, Wells GA, Stewart AF, Erdmann J, Shah SH, Ferguson JF, Hall AS, Anand SS, Burnett MS, Epstein SE, Dandona S, Chen L, Nahrstaedt J, Loley C, König IR, Kraus WE, Granger CB, Engert JC, Hengstenberg C, Wichmann HE, et al. 2012. A genome-wide association study for coronary artery disease identifies a novel susceptibility locus in the Major histocompatibility complex. Circulation: Cardiovascular Genetics 5:217–225. doi: 10.1161/CIRCGENETICS.111.961243, PMID: 22319020
15. De Santa F, Barozzi I, Mietton F, Ghisletti S, Polletti S, Tusi BK, Muller H, Ragoussis J, Wei CL, Natoli G. 2010. A large fraction of extragenic RNA pol II transcription sites overlap enhancers. PLoS Biology 8:e1000384. doi: 10. 1371/journal.pbio.1000384, PMID: 20485488
16. De Val S, Black BL. 2009. Transcriptional control of endothelial cell development. Developmental Cell 16:180– 195. doi: 10.1016/j.devcel.2009.01.014, PMID: 19217421
17. DePristo MA, Banks E, Poplin R, Garimella KV, Maguire JR, Hartl C, Philippakis AA, del Angel G, Rivas MA, Hanna M, McKenna A, Fennell TJ, Kernytsky AM, Sivachenko AY, Cibulskis K, Gabriel SB, Altshuler D, Daly MJ. 2011. A framework for variation discovery and genotyping using next-generation DNA sequencing data. Nature Genetics 43:491–498. doi: 10.1038/ng.806, PMID: 21478889
18. Dichgans M, Malik R, König IR, Rosand J, Clarke R, Gretarsdottir S, Thorleifsson G, Mitchell BD, Assimes TL, Levi C, O’Donnell CJ, Fornage M, Thorsteinsdottir U, Psaty BM, Hengstenberg C, Seshadri S, Erdmann J, Bis JC, Peters A, Boncoraglio GB, et al. 2014. Shared genetic susceptibility to ischemic stroke and coronary artery disease: a genome-wide analysis of common variants. Stroke 45:24–36. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.113.002707, PMID: 24262325
19. Dobin A, Davis CA, Schlesinger F, Drenkow J, Zaleski C, Jha S, Batut P, Chaisson M, Gingeras TR. 2013. STAR: ultrafast universal RNA-seq aligner. Bioinformatics 29:15–21. doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/bts635, PMID: 23104 886
20. Dowen JM, Fan ZP, Hnisz D, Ren G, Abraham BJ, Zhang LN, Weintraub AS, Schuijers J, Lee TI, Zhao K, Young RA. 2014. Control of cell identity genes occurs in insulated neighborhoods in mammalian chromosomes. Cell 159:374–387. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2014.09.030, PMID: 25303531
21. Dryden NH, Sperone A, Martin-Almedina S, Hannah RL, Birdsey GM, Khan ST, Layhadi JA, Mason JC, Haskard DO, Göttgens B, Randi AM. 2012. The transcription factor erg controls endothelial cell quiescence by repressing activity of nuclear factor (NF)-kB p65. Journal of Biological Chemistry 287:12331–12342. doi: 10. 1074/jbc.M112.346791, PMID: 22337883
22. ENCODE Project Consortium. 2012. An integrated encyclopedia of DNA elements in the human genome. Nature 489:57–74. doi: 10.1038/nature11247, PMID: 22955616
23. Glass CK, Witztum JL. 2001. Atherosclerosis. the road ahead. Cell 104:503–516. doi: 10.1016/S0092-8674(01) 00238-0, PMID: 11239408
24. Gosselin D, Link VM, Romanoski CE, Fonseca GJ, Eichenfield DZ, Spann NJ, Stender JD, Chun HB, Garner H, Geissmann F, Glass CK. 2014. Environment drives selection and function of enhancers controlling tissue-specific macrophage identities. Cell 159:1327–1340. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2014.11.023, PMID: 25480297
25. Heintzman ND, Stuart RK, Hon G, Fu Y, Ching CW, Hawkins RD, Barrera LO, Van Calcar S, Qu C, Ching KA, Wang W, Weng Z, Green RD, Crawford GE, Ren B. 2007. Distinct and predictive chromatin signatures of transcriptional promoters and enhancers in the human genome. Nature Genetics 39:311–318. doi: 10.1038/ng1966, PMID: 17277777
26. Heinz S, Benner C, Spann N, Bertolino E, Lin YC, Laslo P, Cheng JX, Murre C, Singh H, Glass CK. 2010. Simple combinations of lineage-determining transcription factors prime cis-regulatory elements required for macrophage and B cell identities. Molecular Cell 38:576–589. doi: 10.1016/j.molcel.2010.05.004, PMID: 20513432
27. Heinz S, Romanoski CE, Benner C, Allison KA, Kaikkonen MU, Orozco LD, Glass CK. 2013. Effect of natural genetic variation on enhancer selection and function. Nature 503:487–492. doi: 10.1038/nature12615, PMID: 24121437
28. Heinz S, Romanoski CE, Benner C, Glass CK. 2015. The selection and function of cell type-specific enhancers. Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology 16:144–154. doi: 10.1038/nrm3949, PMID: 25650801
29. Hindorff LA, Sethupathy P, Junkins HA, Ramos EM, Mehta JP, Collins FS, Manolio TA. 2009. Potential etiologic and functional implications of genome-wide association loci for human diseases and traits. PNAS 106:9362– 9367. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0903103106, PMID: 19474294
30. Hnisz D, Abraham BJ, Lee TI, Lau A, Saint-André V, Sigova AA, Hoke HA, Young RA. 2013. Super-enhancers in the control of cell identity and disease. Cell 155:934–947. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2013.09.053, PMID: 24119843
31. Jyrkkänen HK, Kansanen E, Inkala M, Kivelä AM, Hurttila H, Heinonen SE, Goldsteins G, Jauhiainen S, Tiainen S, Makkonen H, Oskolkova O, Afonyushkin T, Koistinaho J, Yamamoto M, Bochkov VN, Ylä-Herttuala S, Levonen AL. 2008. Nrf2 regulates antioxidant gene expression evoked by oxidized phospholipids in endothelial cells and murine arteries in vivo. Circulation Research 103:e1–e9. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.108.176883, PMID: 1 8535259
32. Kaikkonen MU, Niskanen H, Romanoski CE, Kansanen E, Kivelä AM, Laitalainen J, Heinz S, Benner C, Glass CK, Ylä-Herttuala S. 2014. Control of VEGF-A transcriptional programs by pausing and genomic compartmentalization. Nucleic Acids Research 42:12570–12584. doi: 10.1093/nar/gku1036, PMID: 25352550
33. Kaikkonen MU, Spann NJ, Heinz S, Romanoski CE, Allison KA, Stender JD, Chun HB, Tough DF, Prinjha RK, Benner C, Glass CK. 2013. Remodeling of the enhancer landscape during macrophage activation is coupled to enhancer transcription. Molecular Cell 51:310–325. doi: 10.1016/j.molcel.2013.07.010, PMID: 23932714
34. Kertai MD, Li YJ, Li YW, Ji Y, Alexander J, Newman MF, Smith PK, Joseph D, Mathew JP, Podgoreanu MV, Duke Perioperative Genetics and Safety Outcomes (PEGASUS) Investigative Team. 2015. Genome-wide association study of perioperative myocardial infarction after coronary artery bypass surgery. BMJ Open 5:e006920. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-006920, PMID: 25948407
35. Kim S, Denny CT, Wisdom R. 2006. Cooperative DNA binding with AP-1 proteins is required for transformation by EWS-Ets fusion proteins. Molecular and Cellular Biology 26:2467–2478. doi: 10.1128/MCB.26.7.2467-2478. 2006, PMID: 16537893
36. Kim TK, Hemberg M, Gray JM, Costa AM, Bear DM, Wu J, Harmin DA, Laptewicz M, Barbara-Haley K, Kuersten S, Markenscoff-Papadimitriou E, Kuhl D, Bito H, Worley PF, Kreiman G, Greenberg ME. 2010. Widespread transcription at neuronal activity-regulated enhancers. Nature 465:182–187. doi: 10.1038/nature09033, PMID: 20393465
37. Ko CY, Chang WC, Wang JM. 2015. Biological roles of CCAAT/Enhancer-binding protein Delta during inflammation. Journal of Biomedical Science 22:6. doi: 10.1186/s12929-014-0110-2, PMID: 25591788
38. Kundaje A, Meuleman W, Ernst J, Bilenky M, Yen A, Heravi-Moussavi A, Kheradpour P, Zhang Z, Wang J, Ziller MJ, Amin V, Whitaker JW, Schultz MD, Ward LD, Sarkar A, Quon G, Sandstrom RS, Eaton ML, Wu YC, Pfenning AR, et al. 2015. Integrative analysis of 111 reference human epigenomes. Nature 518:317–330. doi: 10.1038/nature14248, PMID: 25693563
39. Lam MT, Cho H, Lesch HP, Gosselin D, Heinz S, Tanaka-Oishi Y, Benner C, Kaikkonen MU, Kim AS, Kosaka M, Lee CY, Watt A, Grossman TR, Rosenfeld MG, Evans RM, Glass CK. 2013. Rev-Erbs repress macrophage gene expression by inhibiting enhancer-directed transcription. Nature 498:511–515. doi: 10.1038/nature12209, PMID: 23728303
40. Langmead B, Salzberg SL. 2012. Fast gapped-read alignment with bowtie 2. Nature Methods 9:357–359. doi: 10.1038/nmeth.1923, PMID: 22388286
41. Laumonnier Y, Nadaud S, Agrapart M, Soubrier F. 2000. Characterization of an upstream enhancer region in the promoter of the human endothelial nitric-oxide synthase gene. Journal of Biological Chemistry 275:40732– 40741. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M004696200, PMID: 11013235
42. Lee S, Birukov KG, Romanoski CE, Springstead JR, Lusis AJ, Berliner JA. 2012. Role of phospholipid oxidation products in atherosclerosis. Circulation Research 111:778–799. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.111.256859, PMID: 22935534
43. Li H, Durbin R. 2009. Fast and accurate short read alignment with Burrows-Wheeler transform. Bioinformatics 25: 1754–1760. doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btp324, PMID: 19451168
44. Lusis AJ. 2000. Atherosclerosis. Nature 407:233–241. doi: 10.1038/35025203, PMID: 11001066
45. Ma Q. 2013. Role of nrf2 in oxidative stress and toxicity. Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology 53: 401–426. doi: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-011112-140320, PMID: 23294312
46. Manolio TA. 2010. Genomewide association studies and assessment of the risk of disease. The New England Journal of Medicine 363:166–176. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra0905980, PMID: 20647212
47. Mehta NN. 2011. A genome-wide association study in europeans and South asians identifies 5 New Loci for Coronary artery disease. Circulation: Cardiovascular Genetics 4:465–466. doi: 10.1161/CIRCGENETICS.111. 960989, PMID: 21846871
48. Moore F, Santin I, Nogueira TC, Gurzov EN, Marselli L, Marchetti P, Eizirik DL. 2012. The transcription factor C/ EBP Delta has anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory roles in pancreatic beta cells. PLoS One 7:e31062. doi: 10. 1371/journal.pone.0031062, PMID: 22347430
49. Navab M, Hough GP, Stevenson LW, Drinkwater DC, Laks H, Fogelman AM. 1988. Monocyte migration into the subendothelial space of a coculture of adult human aortic endothelial and smooth muscle cells. Journal of Clinical Investigation 82:1853–1863. doi: 10.1172/JCI113802, PMID: 3198759
50. Nikolova-Krstevski V, Yuan L, Le Bras A, Vijayaraj P, Kondo M, Gebauer I, Bhasin M, Carman CV, Oettgen P. 2009. ERG is required for the differentiation of embryonic stem cells along the endothelial lineage. BMC Developmental Biology 9:72. doi: 10.1186/1471-213X-9-72, PMID: 20030844
51. Nikpay M, Goel A, Won HH, Hall LM, Willenborg C, Kanoni S, Saleheen D, Kyriakou T, Nelson CP, Hopewell JC, Webb TR, Zeng L, Dehghan A, Alver M, Armasu SM, Auro K, Bjonnes A, Chasman DI, Chen S, Ford I, et al. 2015. A comprehensive 1,000 Genomes-based genome-wide association meta-analysis of coronary artery disease. Nature Genetics 47:1121–1130. doi: 10.1038/ng.3396, PMID: 26343387
52. Purcell S, Neale B, Todd-Brown K, Thomas L, Ferreira MA, Bender D, Maller J, Sklar P, de Bakker PI, Daly MJ, Sham PC. 2007. PLINK: a tool set for whole-genome association and population-based linkage analyses. The American Journal of Human Genetics 81:559–575. doi: 10.1086/519795, PMID: 17701901
53. Rada-Iglesias A, Bajpai R, Swigut T, Brugmann SA, Flynn RA, Wysocka J. 2011. A unique chromatin signature uncovers early developmental enhancers in humans. Nature 470:279–283. doi: 10.1038/nature09692, PMID: 21160473
54. Romanoski CE, Che N, Yin F, Mai N, Pouldar D, Civelek M, Pan C, Lee S, Vakili L, Yang WP, Kayne P, Mungrue IN, Araujo JA, Berliner JA, Lusis AJ. 2011. Network for activation of human endothelial cells by oxidized phospholipids: a critical role of heme oxygenase 1. Circulation Research 109:e27–e41. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.111.241869, PMID: 21737788
55. Romanoski CE, Lee S, Kim MJ, Ingram-Drake L, Plaisier CL, Yordanova R, Tilford C, Guan B, He A, Gargalovic PS, Kirchgessner TG, Berliner JA, Lusis AJ. 2010. Systems genetics analysis of gene-by-environment interactions in human cells. The American Journal of Human Genetics 86:399–410. doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2010.02.002, PMID: 20170901
56. Romanoski CE, Link VM, Heinz S, Glass CK. 2015. Exploiting genomics and natural genetic variation to decode macrophage enhancers. Trends in Immunology 36:507–518. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2015.07.006, PMID: 26298065
57. Samani NJ, Erdmann J, Hall AS, Hengstenberg C, Mangino M, Mayer B, Dixon RJ, Meitinger T, Braund P, Wichmann HE, Barrett JH, König IR, Stevens SE, Szymczak S, Tregouet DA, Iles MM, Pahlke F, Pollard H, Lieb W, Cambien F, et al. 2007. Genomewide association analysis of coronary artery disease. New England Journal of Medicine 357:443–453. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa072366, PMID: 17634449
58. Schunkert H, König IR, Kathiresan S, Reilly MP, Assimes TL, Holm H, Preuss M, Stewart AF, Barbalic M, Gieger C, Absher D, Aherrahrou Z, Allayee H, Altshuler D, Anand SS, Andersen K, Anderson JL, Ardissino D, Ball SG, Balmforth AJ, et al. 2011. Large-scale association analysis identifies 13 new susceptibility loci for coronary artery disease. Nature Genetics 43:333–338. doi: 10.1038/ng.784, PMID: 21378990
59. Shah AV, Birdsey GM, Randi AM. 2016. Regulation of endothelial homeostasis, vascular development and angiogenesis by the transcription factor ERG. Vascular Pharmacology 86:3–13. doi: 10.1016/j.vph.2016.05.003, PMID: 27208692
60. Shlyueva D, Stampfel G, Stark A. 2014. Transcriptional enhancers: from properties to genome-wide predictions. Nature Reviews Genetics 15:272–286. doi: 10.1038/nrg3682, PMID: 24614317
61. Slavin TP, Feng T, Schnell A, Zhu X, Elston RC. 2011. Two-marker association tests yield new disease associations for coronary artery disease and hypertension. Human Genetics 130:725–733. doi: 10.1007/s00439-011-1009-6, PMID: 21626137
62. Sperone A, Dryden NH, Birdsey GM, Madden L, Johns M, Evans PC, Mason JC, Haskard DO, Boyle JJ, Paleolog EM, Randi AM. 2011. The transcription factor erg inhibits vascular inflammation by repressing NF-kappaB activation and proinflammatory gene expression in endothelial cells. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology 31:142–150. doi: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.110.216473, PMID: 20966395
63. Tabas I, García-Cardeña G, Owens GK. 2015. Recent insights into the cellular biology of atherosclerosis. The Journal of Cell Biology 209:13–22. doi: 10.1083/jcb.201412052, PMID: 25869663
64. Takata Y, Kitami Y, Yang ZH, Nakamura M, Okura T, Hiwada K. 2002. Vascular inflammation is negatively autoregulated by interaction between CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-delta and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma. Circulation Research 91:427–433. doi: 10.1161/01.RES.0000031271.20771.4F, PMID: 12215492
65. van de Geijn B, McVicker G, Gilad Y, Pritchard JK. 2015. WASP: allele-specific software for robust molecular quantitative trait locus discovery. Nature Methods 12:1061–1063. doi: 10.1038/nmeth.3582, PMID: 26366987
66. Welter D, MacArthur J, Morales J, Burdett T, Hall P, Junkins H, Klemm A, Flicek P, Manolio T, Hindorff L, Parkinson H. 2014. The NHGRI GWAS catalog, a curated resource of SNP-trait associations. Nucleic Acids Research 42:D1001–D1006. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkt1229, PMID: 24316577
67. Whyte WA, Orlando DA, Hnisz D, Abraham BJ, Lin CY, Kagey MH, Rahl PB, Lee TI, Young RA. 2013. Master transcription factors and mediator establish super-enhancers at key cell identity genes. Cell 153:307–319. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2013.03.035, PMID: 23582322
68. Wild PS, Zeller T, Schillert A, Szymczak S, Sinning CR, Deiseroth A, Schnabel RB, Lubos E, Keller T, Eleftheriadis MS, Bickel C, Rupprecht HJ, Wilde S, Rossmann H, Diemert P, Cupples LA, Perret C, Erdmann J, Stark K, Kleber ME, et al. 2011. A genome-wide association study identifies LIPA as a susceptibility gene for coronary artery disease. Circulation: Cardiovascular Genetics 4:403–412. doi: 10.1161/CIRCGENETICS.110.958728, PMID: 21606135
69. Wojczynski MK, Li M, Bielak LF, Kerr KF, Reiner AP, Wong ND, Yanek LR, Qu L, White CC, Lange LA, Ferguson JF, He J, Young T, Mosley TH, Smith JA, Kral BG, Guo X, Wong Q, Ganesh SK, Heckbert SR, et al. 2013. Genetics of coronary artery calcification among african Americans, a meta-analysis. BMC Medical Genetics 14: 75. doi: 10.1186/1471-2350-14-75, PMID: 23870195
70. Yuan L, Nikolova-Krstevski V, Zhan Y, Kondo M, Bhasin M, Varghese L, Yano K, Carman CV, Aird WC, Oettgen P. 2009. Antiinflammatory effects of the ETS factor ERG in endothelial cells are mediated through transcriptional repression of the interleukin-8 gene. Circulation Research 104:1049–1057. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.108. 190751, PMID: 19359602
71. Zhang B, Day DS, Ho JW, Song L, Cao J, Christodoulou D, Seidman JG, Crawford GE, Park PJ, Pu WT. 2013. A dynamic H3K27ac signature identifies VEGFA-stimulated endothelial enhancers and requires EP300 activity. Genome Research 23:917–927. doi: 10.1101/gr.149674.112, PMID: 23547170