The international politics of genetically modified food: Diplomacy, trade and law

The International Politics of Genetically Modified Food: Diplomacy, Trade and Law

Volumn , Issue , 2006, Pages 1-265

  Falkner, Robert ^a,b  

^a LONDON SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS   (United Kingdom)

^b ROYAL INSTITUTE OF INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 85016379788     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1057/9780230598195     Document Type: Book

References (489)

1. AATF (2002) Rationale and Design of the AATF. African Agricultural Technology Foundation website, June. Available at http://www.aatf-africa.org/rationale.php.
2. ACDI/VOCA (2003) Genetically Modified Food: Implications for US Food Aid Programs, 2nd ed., April. Available at www.acdivoca.org/acdivoca/acdiweb2.nsf/news/gmfoodsarticle.
3. Action Aid (2003) GM Crops: Going Against the Grain (London: Action Aid).
4. Aerni, P. (2001) 'Assessing Stakeholder Attitudes to Agricultural Biotechnology in Developing Countries', The Biotechnology and Development Monitor 47: 2-7.
5. Aerni, P. (2002a) 'Stakeholder Attitudes towards the Risks and Benefits of Agricultural Biotechnology in Developing Countries: A Comparison between Mexico and the Philippines', Risk Analysis 22(6): 1123-37.
6. Aerni, P. (2002b) Public Attitudes towards Agricultural Biotechnology in South Africa. STI/CID Research Report (Cambridge: Center for International Development, Harvard University). Available at http://www.iaw.agrl.ethz.ch/~aernip/PDF/SAreport.pdf.
7. Aerni, P. (2003) The Private Management of Public Trust: The Changing Nature of Political Protest. Working document for the European Consortium of Political Research (Zurich). Available at http://www.essex.ac.uk/ECPR/events/generalconference/marburg/papers/4/5/Aerni.pdf.
8. Aerni, P. (2004) '10 Years of Cassava Research at ETH Zurich - A Critical Assessment', in ZIL Annual Report 2003: 20-7. Available at http://www.zil.ethz.ch/docs/annual_reports/AnnualReportZIL2003.pdf.
9. Afonso, M. (2002) 'C. Bail, R. Falkner and H. Marquard (eds', in C. Bail, R. Falkner and H. Marquard (eds) The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety: Reconciling Trade in Biotechnology with Environment and Development? (London: Earthscan), pp. 423-37.
10. African Centre for Biosafety, Earthlife Africa, Environmental Rights Action-Friends of the Earth Nigeria, Grain and SafeAge (2004) GE Food Aid: Africa Denied Choice Once Again? 4 May. Available at http://www.biosafetyafrica.net/_DOCS/Africa_GM_food_aid.pdf.
11. African Centre for Biosafety (2005) African Biosafety Laws and Comments. Available at http://www.biosafetyafrica.net/biosafety_laws_and_comments.htm.
12. Agence Europe (2002) 'Parliament Strengthens Labelling Rules on GM Food but Avoids Upsetting Balance', 3 July.
13. Agricultural Biotechnology Support Project II (ABSPII) (2004) Scope and Activities, ABSPII website. Available at http://www.absp2.cornell.edu/whatisabsp2/.
14. AIBA (2000) Biotechnology Parks, AIBA Report (Delhi: AIBA).
15. Alden, E. (2000) 'Greens and Free-Traders Join to Cheer GM Crop Deal', The Financial Times, 31 January.
16. Alden, E. (2003) 'US Beats Egypt with Trade Stick', The Financial Times, 30 June.
17. Anderson, K. and S. Yao (2003) 'China, GMOs and World Trade in Agricultural and Textile Products', Pacific Economic Review 8(2): 157-69.
18. Anderson, R., S. E. Levy and B. M. Morisson (1991) Rice Science and Development Politics: Research Strategies and IRRI's Technologies Confront Asian Diversity (1950-1980) (Oxford: Clarendon Press).
19. Andrée, P. (2005) 'The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety and Shifts in the Discourse of Precaution', Global Environmental Politics 5(4): 25-46.
20. Angelo, I., F. Masiga and L. Musiita (2003) 'Africa's Dilemma in Genetically Modified Food War', The Monitor (Kampala), 29 May.
21. Arts, B. (1998) The Political Influence of Global NGOs, Case studies on the Climate and Biodiversity Conventions (Utrecht: International Books).
22. Arts, B. and S. Mack (2003) 'Environmental NGOs and the Biosafety Protocol. A Case Study on Political Influence', European Environment 13(1): 19-33.
23. Arts, B. and P. Verschuren (1999) 'Assessing Political Influence in Complex Decision-Making. An Instrument Based on Triangulation', International Political Science Review 20(4): 411-24.
24. AstraZeneca (1999) Annual Report (AstraZeneca).
25. Bail, C. (2000) 'The Convention on Biological Diversity in an European Perspective', Bulletin de L'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique: Biologie 70(Suppl.): 21-3.
26. Bail, C., J. P. Decaestecker and M. Jørgensen (2002) 'C. Bail, R. Falkner and H. Marquard (eds', in C. Bail, R. Falkner and H. Marquard (eds) The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety: Reconciling Trade in Biotechnology with Environment and Development? (London: Earthscan), pp. 166-85.
27. Bail, C., R. Falkner and H. Marquard (eds) (2002) The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety: Reconciling Trade in Biotechnology with Environment and Development? (London: Earthscan).
28. Baron, D. (2002) Business and Its Environment. 4th ed. (Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall).
29. Barrett, C. and D. Maxwell (2005) Food Aid After Fifty Years: Recasting Its Role (London: Routledge).
30. Barrett, K. and E. Abergel (2000) 'Genetically Engineers Crops: Breeding Familiarity: Environmental Risk Assessment for Genetically Engineered Crops in Canada', Science and Policy 27(1): 2-12.
31. Bauer, M. (ed) (1995) Resistance to New Technology: Nuclear Power, Information Technology and Biotechnology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
32. Bauer, M. W., G. Gaskell and J. Durant (eds) (2002) Biotechnology: The Making of a Global Controversy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).
33. Baumgartner, F. R. and B. D. Jones (1993) Agendas and Instability in American Politics (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press).
34. Baumüller, H. (2003). Domestic Import Regulations for Genetically Modified Organisms and Their Compatibility with WTO Rules. Trade Knowledge Network (International Institute for Sustainable Development and International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development). Available at http://www.tradeknowledgenetwork.org/pdf/tkn_domestic_regs.pdf.
35. Baumüller, H. (2004) 'Domestic Import Regulations for Genetically Modified Organisms and Their Compatibility with WTO Rules. Asian Biotechnology and Development Review 6(3): 33-42.
36. Beck, U. (1992) Risk Society: Towards a New Modernity (London: Sage Press).
37. Beck, U. (1999) World Risk Society (Cambridge: Polity Press).
38. Bender, K. L. and R. E. Westgren (2001) 'Social Construction of the Market(s) for Genetically Modified and Nonmodified Crops' American Behavioral Scientist 44(8): 1350-70.
39. Benedick, R. E. (1991) Ozone Diplomacy: New Directions in Safeguarding the Planet (Cambridge: Harvard University Press).
40. Bennett, J. (2003) 'Food Aid Logistics and the Southern Africa Emergency', Forced Migration Review 18(5).
41. Bernasconi-Osterwalder, N. (2001) 'E. B. Weiss and J. H. Jackson (eds', in E. B. Weiss and J. H. Jackson (eds) Reconciling Environment and Trade (Ardsley, NY: Transnational Publishers, Inc.).
42. Bernauer, T. (2003) Genes, Trade and Regulation: The Seeds of Conflict in Food Biotechnology, Princeton: Princeton University Press.
43. Bernauer, T. and E. Meins. (2003) 'Technological Revolution Meets Policy and the Market: Explaining Cross-National Differences in Agricultural Biotechnology Regulation', European Journal of Political Research 42(5): 643-83.
44. Betsill, M. (2001) 'NGO Influence in International Environmental Negotiations: Desertification and Climate Change', Global Environmental Politics 1(4): 65-84.
45. Beyers, J. (2002) 'Gaining and Seeking Access: The European Adaptation of Domestic Interest Associations', European Journal of Political Research 41(5): 585-613.
46. Bijman, J. (2001) 'AgrEvo: From Crop Protection to Crop Production', AgBioForum 4(1): 20-5.
47. Biotechnology Industry Organization (BIO) (1999) Biosafety Protocol - An Overview. Available at http://www.bio.org/food&ag/bspoverview.html.
48. Bisang, R. (2003) 'Diffusion Process in Networks: The Case of Transgenic Soybean in Argentina', Paper read at Conferência Internacional sobre Sistemas de Inovação e Estratégias de Desenvolvimento para o Terceiro Milênio, Brazil (November).
49. Black, J. (1998) 'Regulation as Facilitation: Negotiating the Genetic Revolution', Modern Law Review 61(5): 621-60.
50. Black, J. (2002) Critical Reflections on Regulation. CARR Discussion Paper Series. (London).
51. Blackhouse, R.E. (1994) Economists and the Economy: The Evolution of Economic Ideas. 2nd ed. (New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers).
52. Blassnig, R. (2000) 'Countries Agree on Biosafety Protocol Regulating Transboundary Movement of GMOs', International Environment Reporter 23(3) (2 February).
53. Bob, C. (2002) 'Merchants of Morality', Foreign Policy (129) (March/April): 36-45.
54. Bonny, S. (2003) 'Why are Most Europeans Opposed to GMOs? Factors Explaining Rejection in France and Europe', Electronic Journal of Biotechnology. Available at http://www.ejbiotechnology.info/content/vol6/issue1/full/4/bip/.
55. Borlaug, N. (2003) 'Science vs. Hysteria', The Wall Street Journal, 22 January.
56. Bowman, M. and A. E. Boyle (eds) (2002) Environmental Damage in International and Comparative Law: Problem of Definition and Valuation (Oxford: Oxford University Press).
57. Boyle, A. E. (2005) 'Globalising Environmental Liability: The Interplay of National and International Law', Journal of Environmental Law 17: 3-26.
58. Brac de la Perriere, R. A. and F. Seuret (2000) Brave New Seeds: The Threat of GM Crops to Farmers (London: Zed Books).
59. Brack, D., R. Falkner and J. Goll (2003) The Next Trade War? GM Products, the Cartagena Protocol and the WTO. Briefing Paper No. 8 (London: Chatham House).
60. Breslin, S (2003) 'Reforming China's Embedded Socialist Compromise: China and the WTO', Global Change, Peace and Security 15(3): 213-29.
61. Bruninga, S. (2000) 'Industry Applauds Biosafety Protocol That Allows for More Information Sharing', International Environment Reporter, 23(4) (16 February).
62. Brunnée, J. (2004) 'Of Sense And Sensibility: Reflections On International Liability Regimes As Tools For Environmental Protection', International and Comparative Law Quarterly 53: 351-68.
63. Burchell, J. and S. Lightfoot (2004) 'Leading the Way? The European Union at the WSSD', European Environment 14: 331-41.
64. Byrne, D. (2000a) Biotechnology: Building Consumer Acceptance. Speech given at the European Business Summit. Available at http://europa.eu.int/comm/dgs/health_consumer/library/speeches/speech49_en.html.
65. Byrne, D. (2000b) Food Safety A Top Priority in the EU. Speech given at the Agriculture Council, Biarritz. Available at http://europa.eu.int/comm/dgs/health_consumer/library/speeches/speech54_en.html.
66. Caduff, L. (2005) Vorsorge oder Risiko? Umwelt- und verbraucherschutzpolitische Regulierung im europäisch-amerikanischen Vergleich: Eine politökonomische Analyse des Hormonstreits und der Elektronikschrott-Problematik (Center for International and Comparative Studies, ETH Zürich: PhD thesis).
67. Carroll, R. (2002) 'Zambia Slams Door Shut on GM Food Relief', The Guardian (London), 30 October.
68. Cashore, B. (2002) 'Legitimacy and the Privatization of Environmental Governance', Governance 8(4): 503-29.
69. Cathie, J. (1997) European Food Aid Policy (Aldershot: Ashgate).
70. CEC (2000) Communication from the Commission on the Precautionary Principle. Commission of the European Communities. Available at http://europa.eu.int/comm/dgs/health_consumer/library/pub/pub07_en.pdf.
71. CEC (2002) Towards a Strategic Vision of Biotechnology and Life Sciences. Commission of the European Communities. Available at http://europa.eu.int/comm/biotechnology.
72. CEC (2003) Towards a Strategic Vision of Biotechnology and Life Sciences: Progress Report and Future Orientations, 5 March. Commission of the European Communities.
73. Center for Food Safety (2000) Take Genetically Engineered Bovine Growth Hormone Off the Market!, Available at http://www.foodsafetynow.org/send.asp?cam_id_57.
74. Centro Latinoamericano de Ecología Social (CLAES) (2003) Observatorio Ambiental gropecuario Mercosur 48(4). Available at http://ambiental.net/boletines/index.html.
75. Centro Latinoamericano de Ecología Social (CLAES) (2004) Observatorio Ambiental gropecuario Mercosur 49(2). Available at http://ambiental.net/boletines/index.html.
76. Chan, G. (2004) 'China's Compliance in Global Environmental Affairs', Asia Pacific Viewpoint 45(1): 69-86.
77. Charlton, M. (1992) The Making of Canadian Food Aid Policy (Montreal: McGill-Queens).
78. Charnovitz, S. (2000) 'The Supervision of Health and Biosafety Regulation by World Trade Rules', Tulane Environmental Law Journal 13(2): 271-303.
79. Charnovitz, S. (2002) 'G. P. Sampson and W. B. Chambers (eds', in G. P. Sampson and W. B. Chambers (eds) Trade, Environment, and the Millennium, 2nd ed. (Tokyo: United Nations University Press).
80. Chase, B. (2000) 'Biotech Crops Stunted by Perception; Consumers Manufacturers Are Slow to Accept Genetically Altered Foods', Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, 4 September.
81. Chataway, J. (2001) 'Novartis: New Agribusiness Strategy' AgBioForum 4(1): 14-9.
82. Chatterjee, P. and M. Finger (1994) The Earth Brokers. Power, Politics and World Development, (London: Routledge).
83. China Business Review (2002) 'China's WTO implementation efforts' China Business Review 29(4) July-August.
84. China Daily (2004) 'Debate Over GMOs Simmers in China', China Daily, 6 April.
85. China Daily (2005) 'China Approves New GMO Cotton to Raise Output', China Daily, 19 September.
86. Christensen, C. (2000) 'The New Policy Environment for Food Aid: The Challenge of Sub-Saharan Africa', Food Policy 25(3): 255-68.
87. Christian Aid (2000) Selling Suicide: Farming, False Powers and Genetic Engineering in Developing Countries (London: Christian Aid).
88. Chudnovsky, D. (2004) Trade, Environment and Development: The Recent Argentine Experience. (Brasilia: Working Group on Development and Environment in the Americas).
89. Clapp, J. (2003) 'Transnational Corporate Interests and Global Environmental Governance: Negotiating Rules for Agricultural Biotechnology and Chemicals', Environmental Politics 12(4): 1-23.
90. Clapp, J. (2004) 'WTO Agricultural Trade Battles and Food Aid', Third World Quarterly 25(8): 1439-52.
91. Clapp, J. (2005) 'P. Dauvergne (ed', in P. Dauvergne (ed) Handbook of Global Environmental Politics (Cheltenham: Edward Elgar).
92. Clay, E. and O. Stokke (eds) (1991) Food Aid Reconsidered: Assessing the Impact on Third World Countries (London: Frank Cass).
93. Clay, E. and O. Stokke (eds) (2000) Food Aid and Human Security (London: Frank Cass).
94. Clearing House Mechanism/CHM (2000) Cartagena Protocol on Biological Safety. Available at http://www.biodiv.org/biosafe/Protocol/Protocol.html.
95. Clegg, S. (1989) Frameworks of Power (London: SAGE).
96. CMHT/Cohen, Milestein, Hausfeld, & Toll, PLLC (2001) Case Watch: Biologically Engineered Seeds. Available at http://www.cmht.com/casewatch/cases/cwstarlink.htm.
97. Codex Alimentarius Commission (2003) Report of the Fourth Session of the Ad Hoc Intergovernmental Task Force of Foods Derived from Biotechnology, ALINORM 02/34A (Rome: FAO and WHO).
98. Cohen, J. and R. Paarlberg. (2004) 'Unlocking Crop Biotechnology in Developing Countries - A Report from the Field', World Development 32(9): 1563-77.
99. Colborn, T., D. Dumanoski and J. Myers (1996) Our Stolen Future (New York: Dutton).
100. Coleman, W. D. and M. Gabler (2002) 'Agricultural Biotechnology and Regime Formation: A Constructivist Assessment of the Prospects', International Studies Quarterly 46(4): 481-506.
101. Colitt, R. (2003) 'Washington Takes the Battle over Future of Genetically Modified Crops to Brazil', The Financial Times, 20 June.
102. Cook, K. (2002) 'C. Bail, R. Falkner and H. Marquard (eds', in C. Bail, R. Falkner and H. Marquard (eds) The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety: Reconciling Trade in Biotechnology with Environment and Development? (London: Earthscan), pp. 371-84.
103. Cooper, C. M. (2006) '"This is Our Way In": The Civil Society of Environmental NGOs in South-West China', Government and Opposition 41(1): 109-36.
104. Correll, E. (1999) The Negotiable Desert: Expert Knowledge in the Negotiations of the Convention to Combat Desertification (Linkoping: PhD thesis).
105. Council of the European Union (1999) Draft Council Conclusions on the Biosafety Protocol. Report No. 13344/99 ENV 409. 6 December.
106. Cox, R. and H. Jacobson (eds) (1973) The Anatomy of Influence (New Haven: Yale University Press).
107. Crilly, R. (2002) 'Children Go Hungry as GM Food Rejected', The Herald (Glasgow), 30 October.
108. Cutler, C., V. Haufler and T. Porter (1999) Private Authority and International Affairs (Albany: SUNY).
109. Dahl, R. A. (1961) Who Governs? Democracy and Power in an American City (New Haven: Yale University Press).
110. Dale, G. (2001) 'Merging Rivulets of Opposition: Perspectives of the Anti-Capitalist Movement', Millennium 30(2): 365-79.
111. Daniel, A. (2003) 'Civil Liability Regimes as a Complement to Multilateral Environmental Agreements: Sound International Policy or False Comfort?' Review of European Community and International Environmental Law 12: 225-41.
112. Dauenhauer, K. (2003) 'Health: Africans Challenge Bush Claim That GM food is Good for Them', SUNS: South-North Monitor (No. 5368), 23 June.
113. Dawkins, K. (1991) Sharing Rights and Responsibilities for the Environment: Assessing Potential Roles for Non-Governmental Organizations in International Decision-Making (Massachusetts Institute of Technology).
114. de La Fayette, L. (2002) 'M. Bowman and A. E. Boyle (eds', in M. Bowman and A. E. Boyle (eds) Environmental Damage in International and Comparative Law: Problem of Definition and Valuation (Oxford: Oxford University Press), pp. 150-89.
115. Denny, C. and L. Elliott (2003) 'French Plan to Aid Africa Could be Sunk by Bush', The Guardian, 23 May.
116. Depledge, J. (2000) 'Rising From the Ashes: The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety', Environmental Politics 9(2): 156-62.
117. DeSombre, E. R. (2005) 'R. S. Axelrod, D. L. Downie and N. J. Vig (eds', in R. S. Axelrod, D. L. Downie and N. J. Vig (eds) The Global Environment: Institutions, Law, and Policy (Washington, D.C.: CQ Press).
118. Días, A. (2001) Biotecnología, Argentina y los Argentinos (Buenos Aires) Available at http://www.argiropolis.com.ar/BioPercepcion.htm.
119. Dicken, P., P. F. Kelly, K. Olds and H. W.-C. Yeung (2001) 'Chains and Networks, Territories and Scales: Towards a Relational Framework for Analysing the Global Economy', Global Networks 1(2): 89-112.
120. Diven, P. (2001) 'The Domestic Determinants of US Food Aid Policy', Food Policy 26(5): 455-74.
121. Doern, G. B. (2000) Inside the Canadian Biotechnology Regulatory System: A Closer Exploratory Look, Canadian Biotechnology Advisory Committee, November.
122. Douglas, M. (1992) Risk and Blame: Essays in Cultural Theory (London: Routledge).
123. Dratwa, J. (2004) 'B. Reinalda and B. Verbeek (eds', in B. Reinalda and B. Verbeek (eds) Decision Making within International Organizations (London: Routledge).
124. Dryzek, J. S., D. Downes, C. Hunold, D. Schlosberg and H.-K. Hernes (2003) Green States and Social Movements: Environmentalism in the United States, United Kingdom, Germany, and Norway (Oxford, Oxford University Press).
125. Dynes, M. (2002) 'Africa Torn between GM Aid and Starvation,' The Times (London), 6 August: 12.
126. Earth Negotiation Bulletin (1996a) 'A Summary Report on the Second Session of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity', 6-17 November 1995, 9(39).
127. Earth Negotiation Bulletin (1996b) 'Summary of the First Meeting of the Open-Ended Ad Hoc Working Group on Biosafety', 22-26 July 1996, 9(48).
128. Earth Negotiation Bulletin (1997) 'Report of the Third Meeting of the Open-Ended Ad Hoc Working Group on Biosafety', 13-17 October 1996, 9(74).
129. Earth Negotiation Bulletin (1998) 'Report of the Fourth Session of the Open-Ended Ad Hoc Working Group on Biosafety', 5-13 February 1998, 9(85).
130. Earth Negotiation Bulletin (2005) 'Summary of the First Meeting of the Ad Hoc Group on Liability and Redress and the Second Meeting of the Parties to the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety', 25 May-3 June 2005, 9(320).
131. EC (1997a) 'Regulation 97/258/EC of 27 January 1997 Concerning Novel Foods and Novel Food Ingredients', Official Journal of the European Communities, L43 (14 February): 1-6.
132. EC (1997b) 'Commission Decision of 23 July 1997 Setting up Scientific Committees in the Field of Consumer Health and Food Safety', Official Journal of the European Communities, L237 (28 July): 18-23.
133. EC (2001) 'European Parliament and Council Directive 2001/18/EC of 12 March on the Deliberate Release into the Environment of Genetically Modified Organisms and Repealing Council Directive 90/220/EEC', Official Journal of the European Communities L106 (17 April): 1-38.
134. EC (2002) 'Regulation 178/2002 28 January Laying Down the General Principles and Requirements of Food Law, Establishing the European Food Safety Authority, and Laying Down Procedures in Matters of Food Safety', Official Journal of the European Communities L31 (1 February): 1-24.
135. EC (2003a) 'Regulation 1829/2003 of 22 September 2003 on Genetically Modified Food and Feed', Official Journal of the European Communities L268 (18 October): 1-23.
136. EC (2003b) 'Regulation 1830/2003 of 22 September 2003 Concerning the Traceability and Labelling of GMOs and Traceability of Food and Feed Produced from GMOs and Amending Directive 2001/18', Official Journal of the European Communities L268 (18 October): 24-8.
137. Economist Magazine (1996) 'Pop Goes the Treaty', 3 August.
138. Economy, E. C. (1997) 'M. A. Schreurs and E. C. Economy (eds', in M. A. Schreurs and E. C. Economy (eds) The Internationalization of Environmental Protection (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), pp. 19-41.
139. Economy, E. C. (2004) The River Runs Black: The Environmental Challenge to China's Future (Ithaca: Cornell University Press).
140. Economy, E. C. and Schreurs, M. A. (1997) 'M. A. Schreurs and E. C. Economy (eds', in M. A. Schreurs and E. C. Economy (eds) The Internationalization of Environmental Protection (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), pp. 1-18.
141. EEC (1990) Council Directive 90/220 on the Deliberate Release to the Environment of Genetically Modified Organisms, Official Journal of the European Communities, L117, 8 May: 15-27.
142. EFSA GMO Panel (2004) Guidance Document of the Scientific Panel on Genetically Modified Organisms for the Risk Assessment of Genetically Modified Plants and Derived Food and Feed, European Food Safety Authority, September. Available at http://www.efsa.eu.int.
143. ENDS Daily (1999) 'Outline for EU Public Health Agency Emerges', ENDS Environment Daily, 13 December.
144. Ernst and Young (2002) Regions of the Future: Life Sciences. Available at http://www.ey.nl/download/publicatie/Regions_of_the_Future_Life__Sciences.pdf.
145. ETC Group (2001) 'Globalization, Inc.', Communique (71). Available at http://www.rafi.org/documents/com_globilization.pdf.
146. ETC Group (2002) 'Sterile Harvest: New Crop of Terminator Patents Threatens Food Sovereignty', News Release, 31 January. Available at http://www.etcgroup.org.
147. ETC Group (2005a) 'Global Seed Industry Concentration - 2005', in Communique (90). Available at http://www.etcgroup.org/documents/Comm90GlobalSeed.pdf.
148. ETC Group (2005b) 'Suicide Seeds - Bombshell in Bangkok', News Release, 11 February. Available at http://www.etcgroup.org/documents/NRTerminator05Bangkok.pdf.
149. Eurobarometer (2003) 'A Report to the EC Directorate General for Research from the project 'Life Sciences and European Society'', by G. Gaskell, N. Allum and S. Stares. Available at http://europa.eu.int/comm/public_opinion/archives/eb/ebs_177_en.pdf.
150. European Parliament (1997) Report by the Temporary Committee of Inquiry Into BSE on Alleged Contraventions or Maladministration in the Implementation of Community Law in Relation to BSE, Without Prejudice to the Jurisdiction of the Community and National Courts, PE 220.544/fin.
151. European Union (1996) EU Council Regulation (ED) No. 1292/96.
152. European Union (2003) Press Release, IP/03/681, 13 May.
153. European Union (2004) Economic Review of EU Mediterranean Partners. Occasional Paper No. 6, Brussels: DG Economic and Financial Affairs. Available at http://europa.eu.int/comm/economy_finance/publications/occasional_papers/2004/ocp6en.pdf.
154. Evans, Peter (1995) Embedded Autonomy: States and Industrial Transformation (Princeton: Princeton University Press).
155. Falkner, R. (2000) 'Regulating Biotech Trade: The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety', International Affairs 76(2): 299-313.
156. Falkner, R. (2001) 'P. G. Harris (ed', in P. G. Harris (ed) The Environment, International Relations, and U.S. Foreign Policy (Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press), pp. 157-77.
157. Falkner, R. (2002a) 'Negotiating the Biosafety Protocol: The International Process', in Negotiating the Biosafety Protocol: The International Process) The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety: Reconciling Trade in Biotechnology with Environment and Development? (London: Earthscan), pp. 3-22.
158. Falkner, R. (2002b) 'International Trade Conflicts over Agricultural Biotechnology', in International Trade Conflicts over Agricultural Biotechnology) The International Politics of Biotechnology: Investigating Global Futures (Manchester: Manchester University Press), pp. 142-56.
159. Falkner, R. (2004a) 'Trading Food: The Politics of Genetically Modified Organisms', in Trading Food: The Politics of Genetically Modified Organisms) Trade Politics, 2nd ed. (London: Routledge), pp. 249-60.
160. Falkner, R. (2004b) 'The First Meeting of the Parties to the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety', Environmental Politics 13(3): 635-41.
161. Falkner, R. (2005) 'American Hegemony and the Global Environment', International Studies Review 7(4): 585-99.
162. Falkner, R. and A. Gupta (2004) Implementing the Biosafety Protocol: Key Challenges, Briefing Paper, Sustainable Development Programme, BP 04/04 (London: Chatham House).
163. FAO (2004a) The State of Food and Agriculture 2003-2004. Agricultural Biotechnology, Meeting the Needs of the Poor? (Rome: Food and Agricultural Organization).
164. FAO (2004b) FAO Statistical Database. Available at http://faostat.fao.org.
165. Federal Register (2001) 'Premarket Notice Concerning Bioengineered Foods; Proposed Rule', 18 January, 66: 4706-38.
166. Feld, W. and R. Jordan (1983) International Organizations. A Comparative Approach (New York: Praeger).
167. Fewsmith, J. (2001a) 'The Political and Social Implications of China's Accession to the WTO', The China Quarterly (167): 573-91.
168. Fewsmith, J. (2001b) Elite Politics in Contemporary China. (Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe).
169. Finger, M. and J. Kilcoyne (1997) 'Why Transnational Corporations are Organizing to "Save the Global Environment"', The Ecologist 27(4).
170. Finnemore, M. and K. Sikkink (1998) 'International Norm Dynamics and Political Change', International Organization 52(4): 887-917.
171. Fold, N. (2000) 'Globalization, State Regulation and Industrial Upgrading of the Oil Seed Industries in Malaysia and Brazil', Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography 21(3): 263-78.
172. Food Aid Convention (1999). Food Aid Convention (London: International Grains Council).
173. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) (2000) Report on Consumer Focus Groups on Biotechnology, 20 October. Available at http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~comm/biorpt.html.
174. Foudin, A. S. (2000) Presentation at the International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, D.C., 13 November.
175. French, D. (2001) 'The International Regulation of Genetically Modified Organisms: Synergies and Tensions in World Trade', Environmental Liability 9(3): 127-39.
176. Frey, B. S. and G. Kirchgässner (2002) Theorie und Anwendung (München: Vahlen).
177. Friedmann, H. (1982) 'The Political Economy of Food: The Rise and Fall of the Postwar International Food Order,' in M. Burawoy and T. Skocpol (eds) Marxist Inquiries: Studies of Labour, Class and States, supplement to American Journal of Sociology 88: S248-86.
178. Frieman, W. (1994) 'International Science and Technology and Chinese Foreign Policy' in T. W. Robinson and D. Shambaugh (eds) Chinese Foreign Policy: Theory and Practice (Oxford: Clarendon Press), pp. 158-93.
179. Friends of the Earth International (FOEI) (2003) Playing with Hunger: The Reality Behind the Shipment of GMOs as Food Aid (Amsterdam: FOEI, April). Available at http://www.foei.org/publications/pdfs/playing_with_hunger2.pdf.
180. Fuchs, D. A. (2004) 'Channels and Dimensions of Business Power in Global Governance', Paper presented at the ISA Annual Conference, Montreal, 17-21 March.
181. Fukuyama, F. (2004) State-Building: Governance and World Order in the 21st Century (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press).
182. Gaisford, J. D. and W. A. Kerr (2001) Economic Analysis for International Trade Negotiations: The WTO and Agricultural Trade (Northhampton, MA: Edward Elgar).
183. Gaisford, J. D. and W. A. Kerr (2003) 'Deadlock in Geneva: The Battle over Export Subsidies in Agriculture', International Economic Journal 17(3): 1-17.
184. Galbraith, J. K. (1984) The Anatomy of Power (Boston: Houghton Mifflin).
185. Garcia-Johnson, R. (2000) Exporting Environmentalism: U.S. Multinational Chemical Corporations in Brazil and Mexico (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press).
186. Garrett, G. and S. McCall (1999) 'The Politics of WTO Dispute Settlement', Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Atlanta, GA.
187. Gaskell, G. (2004) 'Science Policy and Society: the British Debate over GM Agriculture', Current Opinion in Biotechnology 15: 241-45.
188. Gaugitsch, H. (2002) 'C. Bail, R. Falkner and H. Marquard (eds', in C. Bail, R. Falkner and H. Marquard (eds) The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety: Reconciling Trade in Biotechnology with Environment and Development? (London: Earthscan), pp. 83-91.
189. Genetic Resources Action International (GRAIN) (2002) 'Better Dead than GM Fed?' Seedling (October). Available at http://www.grain.org/seedling/seed-02-10-6-en.cfm.
190. Gereffi, G. (1994) 'G. Gereffi and M. Korzeniewicz (eds', in G. Gereffi and M. Korzeniewicz (eds) Commodity Chains and Global Capitalism (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press).
191. Giddens, A. (1994) 'U. Beck, A. Giddens and S. Lash (eds', in U. Beck, A. Giddens and S. Lash (eds) Reflexive Modernism (Cambridge: Polity Press).
192. Gill, S. and D. Law (1989) 'Global Hegemony and the Structural Power of Capital', International Studies Quarterly 33: 475-500.
193. Gilpin, R. (2001) Global Political Economy: Understanding the International Economic Order (Princeton: Princeton University Press).
194. Glickman, D. (1999) New Crops, New Century, New Challenges, Presentation to the National Press Club, 13 July, pp. 1-7. Available at http://www.usda.gov/news/releases/1999/07/0285.
195. Global Industry Coalition (2000) 'Biosafety Protocol: A Major Step Forward to Sustain Development of Biotechnology', Press Release. Canada Newswire, 29 January.
196. Glover, D. (2003a) 'GMOs and the Politics of International Trade,' Democratising Biotechnology: Genetically Modified Crops in Developing Countries Briefing Series, Briefing 5, (Brighton, UK: Institute of Development Studies).
197. Glover, D. (2003b) Public Participation in National Biotechnology Policy and Biosafety Regulation. IDS Working Paper 198, August (Brighton: IDS).
198. Glover, D., J. Keeley, P. Newell and R. McGee (2003) Public Participation and the Biosafety Protocol. Commissioned Study for DFID and UNEP-GEF (Brighton: IDS).
199. Glover, D. and P. Newell (2004) 'K. Jansen and S. Vellema (eds', in K. Jansen and S. Vellema (eds) Agribusiness and Society: Corporate Responses to Environmentalism, Market Opportunities and Public Regulation (London: Zed Books), pp. 200-31.
200. Goldsmith, E. and J. Mander (eds) (2001) The Case Against the Global Economy: And for a Turn Towards Localization (London: Earthscan).
201. Gomez Mera, L. (2005) 'Explaining Mercosur's Survival: Strategic Sources of Argentine-Brazilian Convergence', Journal of Latin American Studies 37(1): 109-40.
202. Goverde, H., C. Cerny, M. Haugaard and H. Lentner (eds) (2000) Power in Contemporary Politics (London: SAGE).
203. Grassley, C. (2003) 'Salvation of Starvation? GMO Food Aid to Africa', Remarks of Senator Chuck Grassley to the Congressional Economic Leadership Institute, 5 March. Available at http://www.useu.be/Categories/Biotech/Mar0503GrassleyBiotech.html#Grassley.
204. Greenpeace (2000) 'Time to Take Action at Biosafety Negotiations', 27 January.
205. Greenpeace UK (2002) 'Statements on the Southern African Food Crisis', November.
206. Grimwade, N. (1996) International Trade Policy: A Contemporary Analysis (Routledge: London).
207. Grossman, G. M. and E. Helpman (1991) Innovation and Growth in the Global Economy (Cambridge: MIT Press).
208. Guardian (1999) 'GM Investors Told to Sell Their Shares', August 25.
209. Guivant, J. S. (2002) 'Heterogeneous and Unconventional Coalitions Around Global Food Risks: Integrating Brazil into the Debates', Journal of Environment Policy and Planning 4(3): 231-45.
210. Gunningham, N. (1995) 'Environment, Self-Regulation and the Chemical Industry: Assessing Responsible Care', Law & Policy 17: 57-109.
211. Gupta, A. (2000) 'Governing Biosafety in India: The Relevance of the Cartagena Protocol', Discussion Paper 2000-24. Environment and Natural Resources Program, Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA.
212. Gupta, J. and M. Grubb (eds) (2000) Climate Change and European Leadership: A Sustainable Role for Europe? (Dordrecht: Kluwer).
213. Haas, P. M. (1992) 'I. Rowlands and M. Green (eds', in I. Rowlands and M. Green (eds) Global Environmental Change and International Relations (Macmillan: London).
214. Haas, P. M. (1995) 'V. Rittberger (ed', in V. Rittberger (ed) Regime Theory and International Relations (Oxford: Clarendon Press), pp. 168-201.
215. Hammond, B. and R. Fuchs (1999) 'Safety Evaluation for New Varieties of Food Crops Developed through Biotechnology' in J. Thomas (ed) Biotechnology and Safety Assessment. 2nd ed. (London: Taylor and Francis).
216. Hardin, R. (2002) Trust and Trustworthiness (New York: Russell Sage).
217. Harlander, S. K. (2002) 'Safety Assessments and Public Concern for Genetically Modified Food Products: The American View', Toxicologic Pathology 30(1): 132-34.
218. Hartley, S. and G. Skogstad (2005). 'Regulating Genetically Modified Crops and Foods in Canada and the United Kingdom', Canadian Public Administration 48(3).
219. Hartnell, G. (1996) 'The Innovation of Agrochemicals: Regulation and Patent Protection', Research Policy 25(3).
220. Helleiner, G. (2001) 'Markets, Politics, and Globalization: Can the Global Economy Be Civilized?' Global Governance 7(3): 243-63.
221. Helm, C. (2000) Economic Theories of International Environmental Cooperation (Northhampton, MA: Edward Elgar Press).
222. Helmuth, L. (2000) 'Both Sides Claim Victory in Trade Pact', Science, 287(5454).
223. Herring, R. J. (2005) 'Miracle Seeds, Suicide Seeds and the Poor: Mobilising around Genetically Modified Organisms in India' in R. Ray and M. F. Katzenstein (eds) Social Movements in India: Poverty, Power and Politics (Lanham: Rowman and Littlefield).
224. Ho, P. (2001) 'Greening Without Conflict? Environmentalism, NGOs and Civil Society in China', Development and Change 32(5): 893-921.
225. Hochstetler, K. (2002) 'After the Boomerang: Environmental Movements and Politics in the La Plata River Basin', Global Environmental Politics 2(4): 35-57.
226. Hochstetler, K. (2003) 'Fading Green: Environmental Politics in the Mercosur Free Trade Agreement and Beyond', Latin American Politics and Society 45(4).
227. Hochstetler, K. (2004) Civil Society in Lula's Brazil. Working Paper CBS-57-04 (Oxford: Centre for Brazilian Studies).
228. Hogenboom, B. (1998) Mexico and the NAFTA Environment Debate. The Transnational Politics of Economic Integration (Utrecht: International Books).
229. Hogue, C. (1998a) 'Debate at Biosafety Protocol Talks to Center on Advance Agreement Regime', International Environment Reporter 21(17), 19 August.
230. Hogue, C. (1998b) 'Key Provisions of Biosafety Protocol Left for Final Negotiations in February 1999', International Environment Reporter 21(18), 2 September.
231. Hooghe, L. and G. Marks (2003) 'Unraveling the Central State, but How? Types of Multi-Level Governance', American Political Science Review 97(2): 233-43.
232. Hopkins, R. (1992) 'Reform in the International Food Aid Regime: The Role of Consensual Knowledge', International Organization 46(1): 225-64.
233. Hopkins, R. (1993) 'The Evolution of Food Aid: Towards a Development-First Regime,' in V. Ruttan (ed) Why Food Aid? (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press).
234. Huang, J., R. Hu, C. Pray and S. Rozelle (2004) 'Plant Biotechnology in China: Public Investments and Impacts on Farmers', in New Directions for a Diverse Planet. Proceeding of the 4th International Crop Science Congress, 26 September-1 October 2004, Brisbane, Australia.
235. Huang, J. and S. Rozelle (2003) 'The Impact of Trade Liberalization on China's Agriculture and Rural Economy' SAIS Review 23(1): 115-31.
236. Huang, J. and Q. Wang (2002) 'Agricultural Biotechnology Development and Policy in China', AgBioForum 5(4): 122-35.
237. Huang, J. and Q. Wang (2003) Biotechnology Policy and Regulation in China. IDS Working Paper 195 (Brighton: Institute of Development Studies).
238. Huberts, L. (1989) 'The Influence of Social Movements on Government Policy', International Social Movement Research 2, pp. 395-426.
239. Huberts, L. and J. Kleinnijenhuis (1994) Methoden van invloedsanalyse (Methodologies for the Analysis of Influence) (Meppel: Boom).
240. Hughes, C. (1997) 'Globalization and Nationalism: Squaring the Circle in Chinese IR Theory', Millennium 26(1): 103-24.
241. IDEC (2005) IDEC Pede a Lula Veto da Nova Lei de Biosegurança. Available at http://ww.idec.org.br.
242. Institute for the Study of International Migration (2004) Genetically Modified Food in the Southern Africa Food Crisis of 2002-2003 (Georgetown: University School of Foreign Service).
243. International Chamber of Commerce (1997) A Precautionary Approach: An ICC Business Perspective. Available at http://www.iccwbo.org/home/statements_rules/statements/1997/buspers.asp
244. International Grains Council (IGC) (2004). IGC Annual Report (London: IGC).
245. International Seed Federation (2003) Position on Genetic Use Restriction Technologies (Bangalore, June). Available at http://www.worldseed.org/Position_papers/Pos_GURTs.htm.
246. International Wheat Council (1991) The Food Aid Convention of the International Wheat Agreement (London: International Wheat Council).
247. Isaac, G. E. (2002) Agricultural Biotechnology and Transatlantic Trade: Regulatory Barriers to GM Crops (Oxford: CABI Publishing).
248. Isaac, G. E. (2003) 'The WTO and the Cartagena Protocol: International Policy Coordination or Conflict?', Current Agriculture, Food & Resource Issues 4: 152-9.
249. Isaac, G. E. and W. A. Kerr (2003a) 'Genetically Modified Organisms and Trade Rules: Identifying Important Challenges for the WTO', The World Economy 26(1): 29-42.
250. Isaac, G. E. and W. A. Kerr (2003b) 'Genetically Modified Organisms at the World Trade Organization: A Harvest of Trouble', Journal of World Trade 37(6): 1083-95.
251. Isaac, G. E., M. Phillipson and W. A. Kerr (2002) International Regulation of Products of Biotechnology. Estey Centre Research Paper Number 2. (Saskatoon, Canada: Estey Centre for Law and Economics in International Trade).
252. James, C. (2000) Preview: Global Review of Commercialized Transgenic Crops: 2000. Report No. 21 (Ithaca, NY: ISAAA).
253. James, C. (2004) Global Status of Commercialized Biotech/GM Crops 2004: Executive Summary (Preview). ISAAA Briefs No. 32 (Ithaca, NY: ISAAA).
254. James, C. (2005a) Executive Summary of Global Status of Commercialized Biotech/GM Crops: 2005, ISAAA Briefs No. 34 (Ithaca, NY: ISAAA).
255. James, C. (2005b) Preview: Global Status of Commercialized Biotech/GM Crops: 2005, ISAAA Briefs No. 34 (Ithaca, NY: ISAAA).
256. Jansen, K. and E. Roquas (2005) 'Absentee Expertise: Science Advice for Biotechnology Regulation in Developing Countries' in M. Leach, I. Scoones and B. Wynne (eds) Science and Citizens: Globalization and the Challenge of Engagement (London: Zed Books), pp. 142-55.
257. Jasanoff, S. (1995) 'Product Process or Programme: Three Cultures and the Regulation of Biotechnology' in M. Bauer (ed) Resistance to New Technology: Nuclear Power, Information Technology and Biotechnology (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).
258. Jasanoff, S. (2005) Designs on Nature: Science and Democracy in Europe and the United States (Princeton: Princeton University Press).
259. Jepson, W. E. (2002) 'Globalization and Brazilian Biosafety: The Politics of Scale over Biotechnology Governance', Political Geography 21(7): 905-25.
260. Johnson, P. M. (2000) 'Beyond Trade: The Case for a Broadened International Governance Agenda', Policy Matters 1(3).
261. Kaufman, M. (2001) 'EPA Rejects Biotech Corn as Human Food', Washington Post, 28 July: A2.
262. Keeley, J. (2003a) The Biotechnology Developmental State? Investigating the Chinese Gene Revolution. IDS Working Paper, Biotechnology Policy Series No. 6 (Brighton: Institute of Development Studies).
263. Keeley, J. (ed) (2003b) Democratising Biotechnology. IDS Briefings (Brighton: Institute of Development Studies).
264. Keeley, J. (2003c) Regulating Biotechnology in China: The Politics of Biosafety. IDS Working Paper 208 (Brighton: Institute of Development Studies).
265. Kelemen, R. D. (2001) 'The Limits of Judicial Power: Trade-Environmental Disputes in the GATT/WTO and the EU', Comparative Political Studies 34(6): 622-50.
266. Kellerhals, M. D. (2001) USAID Launches Biotechnology Initiatives with Africa: Programs Foster Improved Regulation, Research, Development. (Washington, D.C.: Office of International Information Programs, US Department of State), 2 March.
267. Kent, A. (2002) 'China's International Socialization: The Role of International Organizations', Global Governance 8(3): 343-64.
268. Keohane, R. O. (1984) After Hegemony: Cooperation and Discord in the World Political Economy. (Princeton: Princeton University Press).
269. Keohane, R.O., and H.V. Milner (eds) (1996) Internationalization and Domestic Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
270. Kerr, W. A. and J. E. Hobbs (2002) 'The North American-European Union Dispute Over Beef Produced Using Growth Hormones: A Major Test for the New International Trade Regime', The World Economy 25(2): 283-96.
271. Killinger, S. (2000) International Environmental Externalities and the Double Dividend. (Northhampton, MA: Edward Elgar Press).
272. Kingdon, J. (1984) Agendas, Alternatives, and Public Policies (New York: Harper Collins Publishers).
273. Kneen, B. (1999) Farmageddon (Gabriola, B.C.: New Society).
274. Koester, V. (2001) 'Cartagena Protocol: A New Hot Spot in the Trade-Environment Conflict', Environmental Policy and Law 31(2).
275. Koester, V. (2005) 'The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety: A New Hot Spot in the Trade-Environment conflict?' in R. Melendez-Ortiz and V. Sanchez (eds) Trading in Genes: Development Perspectives on Biotechnology, Trade and Sustainability (London: Earthscan), pp. 171-98.
276. Koller, P. (1991) 'Facetten der Macht', Analyse und Kritik 13: 107-33.
277. Kremer M. and A. P. Zwane (2005) 'Encouraging Private Sector Research for Tropical Agriculture', World Development 33(1): 87-105.
278. Kuyek, D. (2000) 'Lords of Poison: The Pesticide Cartel', Seedling (June). Available at http://www.grain.org/publications/jun00/jun003.htm.
279. Kuyek, D. (2002) 'Past Predicts the Future - GM Crops and African Farmers,' Seedling (October). Available at www.grain.org/seedling/seed-02-10-3-en.cfm.
280. Lapegna, P. and D. Domínguez (2004) 'Transformaciones en la Estructura Social Agraria Argentina. El Problema de la Biotecnología Aplicada al Agro', Paper read at Latin American Studies Association, XXV International Congress, 7-9 October, at Las Vegas.
281. Lapitz, R., G. Evia and E. Gudynas (2004) Soja y Carne en el Mercosur: Comercio, Ambiente y Desarrollo Agropecuario (Montevideo: Coscoroba).
282. La Vina, A. G. M. (2002) 'C. Bail, R. Falkner and H. Marquard (eds', in C. Bail, R. Falkner and H. Marquard (eds) The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety: Reconciling Trade in Biotechnology with Environment and Development? (London: Earthscan), pp. 34-43.
283. Lean, G. (2000) 'Rejected GM Food Dumped on the Poor', The Independent (London), 18 June.
284. Levidow, L. (1998) 'Democratizing Technology - or Technologizing Democracy? Regulating Agricultural Biotechnology in Europe', Technology in Society 20: 211-26.
285. Levidow, L. (1999) 'Regulating Bt maize in the United States and Europe: A Scientific-Cultural Comparison', Environment (December): 10-23.
286. Levidow, L. and Bijman, J. (2002) 'Farm Inputs under Pressure from the European Food Industry', Food Policy 27(1): 31-45.
287. Levidow, L. and S. Carr (2000) 'Unsound Science? Transatlantic Regulatory Disputes over GM Crops', International Journal of Biotechnology 1(1/2/3).
288. Levidow, L., S. Carr, R. von Schomberg and D. Wield (1996) 'Regulating Agricultural Biotechnology in Europe: Harmonisation Difficulties, Opportunities, Dilemmas', Science and Public Policy 23(3): 135-57.
289. Levidow, L., S. Carr and D. Wield (2000) 'Genetically Modified Crops in the European Union: Regulatory Conflicts as Precautionary Opportunities', Journal of Risk Research 3(3): 189-208.
290. Levidow, L., S. Carr and D. Wield (2005) 'EU Regulation of Agri-Biotechnology: Precautionary Links between Science, Expertise and Policy', Science & Public Policy 32(4): 261-76.
291. Levidow, L. and C. Marris (2001) 'Science and Governance in Europe: Lessons from the Case of Agbiotech', Science and Public Policy 28(5): 345-60.
292. Levidow, L., J. Murphy and S. Carr (2007) 'Recasting "Substantial Equivalence": Transatlantic Governance of GM Food', Science, Technology and Human Values 32(1).
293. Levidow, L. and J. Tait (1995) 'The Greening of Biotechnology: GMOs as Environment-Friendly Products' in I. Moser and V. Shiva (eds) Biopolitics: A Feminist and Ecological Reader on Biotechnology (London: Zed Books), pp. 121-39.
294. Levy, D. (1997) 'Business and International Environmental Treaties: Ozone Depletion and Climate Change', California Management Review 39(3).
295. Levy, D. and D. Egan (1998) 'Capital Contests: National and Transnational Channels of Corporate Influence on the Climate Change Negotiations', Politics and Society 26(3).
296. Levy, D. and P. Newell (2000) 'Oceans Apart? Business Responses to Global Environmental Issues in Europe and the United States', Environment, 42(9): 8-20.
297. Levy, D. and P. Newell (2002) 'Business Strategy and International Environmental Governance: A Neo-Gramscian Synthesis', Global Environmental Politics 2(4): 84-101.
298. Levy, D. and P. Newell (eds) (2005) The Business of Global Environmental Governance (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press).
299. Lijie, C. (2002) 'C. Bail, R. Falkner and H. Marquard (eds', in C. Bail, R. Falkner and H. Marquard (eds) The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety: Reconciling Trade in Biotechnology with Environment and Development? (London: Earthscan), pp. 160-65.
300. Lipskey, M. (1980) Street-Level Bureaucracy: Dilemmas of the Individual in Public Services, New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
301. Lipton, M. (1999) 'Reviving Global Poverty Reduction: What Role for Genetically Modified Plants?' Sir John Crawford Memorial Lecture, Washington: CGIAR.
302. Lisboa, M. V. (2002) 'Em Busca de Uma Política Externa Brasileira de Meio Ambiente: Três Exemplos e uma Exceção à Regra', São Paulo em Perspectiva 16(2): 44-52.
303. Lukes, S. (1974) Power, a Radical View (London: Macmillan).
304. Mackenzie, R. (2002) 'The International Regulation of Modern Biotechnology', Yearbook of International Environmental Law 13: 97-163.
305. Mackenzie, R. (2004) 'The Cartagena Protocol after the First Meeting of the Parties', Review of European Community and International Environmental Law 13(3): 270-78.
306. Mackenzie, R. and P. Sands (2002) 'C. Bail, R. Falkner and H. Marquard (eds', in C. Bail, R. Falkner and H. Marquard (eds) The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety: Reconciling Trade in Biotechnology with Environment and Development? (London: Earthscan), pp. 457-66.
307. Majone, G. (1996) 'G. Majone (ed', in G. Majone (ed) Regulating Europe (London, UK: Routledge).
308. Mansour, M. and J. Bennett (2000) 'Codex Alimentarius, Biotechnology and Technical Barriers to Trade' AgBioForum 3(4): 1-5.
309. Mantegazzini, M. C. (1986) The Environmental Risks from Biotechnology (London: Frances Pinter).
310. Marquard, H. (2002) 'C. Bail, R. Falkner and H. Marquard (eds', in C. Bail, R. Falkner and H. Marquard (eds) The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety: Reconciling Trade in Biotechnology with Environment and Development? (London: Earthscan), pp. 289-98.
311. Mathews, J. T. (1997) 'Power Shift', Foreign Affairs 76(1): 50-66.
312. Mayr, J. (2002) 'C. Bail, R. Falkner and H. Marquard (eds', in C. Bail, R. Falkner and H. Marquard (eds) The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety: Reconciling Trade in Biotechnology with Environment and Development? (London: Earthscan), pp. 218-29.
313. McAllister, L. K. (2005) 'Judging GMOs: Judicial Application of the Precautionary Principle in Brazil', Ecology Law Quarterly 32(1): 149-74.
314. McGinn, A. P. (2000) Why Poison Ourselves? A Precautionary Approach to Synthetic Chemicals. Worldwatch Paper 153.
315. Mellen, M. (2003) 'Who is Getting Fed?' Seedling (April). Available at http://www.grain.org/seedline/seed-03-04-3-en.cfm.
316. Millstone, E. and P. van Zwanenberg (2001) 'Politics of Expert Advice: Lessons from the Early History of the BSE Saga', Science and Public Policy 28(2): 99-112.
317. Millstone, E. and P. van Zwanenberg (2003) 'Food and Agricultural Biotechnology Policy: How Much Autonomy Can Developing Countries Exercise?', Development Policy Review 21(5-6): 655-67.
318. Milner, H. (1991) 'The Assumption of Anarchy in International Relations Theory', Review of International Studies 17(1): 67-86.
319. Milner, H. (1998) 'International Political Economy: Beyond Hegemonic Stability', Foreign Policy (Spring): 112-23.
320. Moeller, D. and Sligh, M. (2004) Farmers' Guide to GMOs. (St Paul, MN: Farmers' Legal Action Group, Inc.).
321. Moore, T. G. (2000) 'S. S. Kim (ed', in S. S. Kim (ed) East Asia and Globalization (Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield), pp. 105-31.
322. Moore, T. G. (2002) China in the World Market: Chinese Industry and International Sources of Reform in the Post-Mao Era (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press).
323. MSNBC (2001) Public Concerned about Bio-Foods. Available at http://lists.iatp.org/listarchive/archive.cfm?id_26891.
324. Murphy, J. and L. Levidow (2006) Governing the Transatlantic Conflict over Agricultural Biotechnology: Contending Coalitions, Trade Liberalisation and Standard Setting (London: Routledge).
325. National Academy of Sciences (1983) Risk Assessment in the Federal Government: Managing the Process. Committee on the Institutional Means for Assessment of Risks to Public Health, Commission of Life Sciences (Washington: National Academy Press).
326. National Association of Wheat Growers (NAWG) (2004) Letter to Robert Zoellick, portions reprinted in the NAWG Weekly Newsletter, (13 February). Available at http://www.wheatworld.org.
327. Nature Biotechnology (2005) 'Open Sesame' (editorial), Nature Biotechnology 23(6): 633.
328. Neumayer, E. (2005) 'Is the Allocation of Food Aid Free from Donor Interest Bias?' Journal of Development Studies 41(3): 394-411.
329. Newell, P. (2001) 'Managing Multinationals: The Governance of Investment for the Environment' Journal of International Development 13: 907-19.
330. Newell, P. (2003a) Biotech Firms, Biotech Politics: Negotiating GMOs in India. IDS Working Paper 201, September. (Brighton: IDS).
331. Newell, P. (2003b) Domesticating Global Policy on GMOs: Comparing India and China. IDS Working Paper 206 (Brighton: Institute of Development Studies).
332. Newell, P. (2003c) 'Globalization and the Governance of Biotechnology', Global Environmental Politics 3(2): 56-71.
333. Newell, P. and R. Mackenzie (2000) 'The 2000 Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety: Legal and Political Dimensions', Global Environmental Change 10: 313-17.
334. Newell, P. and R. Mackenzie (2003) 'Whose Rules Rule? Development and the Global Governance of Biotechnology', IDS Bulletin 35(1): 82-92.
335. Newell, P. and M. Paterson (1998) 'A Climate for Business: Global Warming, the State and Capital', Review of International Political Economy 5(4).
336. Nogueira, A. H. V. (2002) 'C. Bail, R. Falkner and H. Marquard (eds', in C. Bail, R. Falkner and H. Marquard (eds) The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety: Reconciling Trade in Biotechnology with Environment and Development? (London: Earthscan), pp. 129-37.
337. Nuffield Council on Bioethics (1999) Genetically Modified Crops: The Ethical and Social issues, May (London).
338. Nye, J. (1991) Bound to Lead: The Changing Nature of American Power (New York: Basic Books).
339. OECD (1986) Recombinant DNA Safety Considerations (Paris: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development).
340. OECD (1992) Safety Considerations for Biotechnology (Paris: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development).
341. Ogolla, B., M. A. Lehmann and X. Wang (2003) 'International Biodiversity and the World Trade Organization: Relationship and Potential for Mutual Supportiveness', Environmental Policy and Law 33(3-4): 117-32.
342. Ollinger, M. and J. Fernandez-Cornejo (1995) 'Innovation and Regulation in the Pesticide Industry', US Census, Economic Studies 95-14. Available at http://www.ces.census.gov/paper.php?paper_100237&PHPSESSID_f818b5c9f7ef0325949ceee162234c88.
343. Ollinger, M. and J. Fernandez-Cornejo (1998) 'Sunk Costs and Regulation in the U.S. Pesticide Industry', International Journal of Industrial Organization 16: 139-68.
344. Ollinger, M. and L. Pope (1995) 'Strategic Research Interests, Organizational Behavior, and the Emerging Market for the Products of Plant Biotechnology', Technological Forecasting and Social Change 50(1): 55-68.
345. Olson, M., (1965) The Logic of Collective Action: Public Goods and the Theory of Groups. (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press).
346. O'Neill, M. (2001) 'Modified Crops Advocate Fears Lost Chances Through Cultivation Ban', South China Morning Post, 18 April.
347. Organic Consumers Association/OCA (2001) Countries & Regions with GE Food/Crop Bans. Available at http://www.purefoods.org/gefood/countrieswithbans.cfm.
348. Oxfam America (2003) US Export Credits: Denials and Double Standards (Washington, D.C.: Oxfam America).
349. Oxfam International (2002) 'Crisis in Southern Africa', Oxfam Briefing Paper 23.
350. Paarlberg, R. L. (2000) 'The Global Food Fight', Foreign Affairs 79(3): 24-38.
351. Paarlberg, R. L. (2001) The Politics of Precaution: Genetically Modified Crops in Developing Countries (Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press).
352. Paarlberg, R. L. (2003) 'Reinvigorating Genetically Modified Crops', Issues in Science and Technology 19(3).
353. Palaez, V. and W. Schmidt (2004) 'K. Jansen and S. Veldema (eds', in K. Jansen and S. Veldema (eds) Agribusiness and Society: Corporate Responses to Environmentalism, Market Opportunities and Public Regulation (London: Zed Books).
354. Pardo, M. (2005) Transnacionalización del Conflicto sobre las Regalías de la Soja. Available at www.agropecuaria.org/transgenicos/PardoSojaRegalias.htm.
355. Parsons, T. (1967) Sociological Theory and Modern Society (New York: The Free Press).
356. Pearce, F. (2003) 'UN is Slipping Modified Food into Aid', New Scientist 175(2361): 5.
357. Pereira, S. R. (2004) 'A Evolução do Complexo Soja e a Questão da Transgenia', Revista de Política Agrícola 13(2): 26-32.
358. Persson, T. and G. Tabellini (2000) Political Economics: Explaining Economic Policy (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press).
359. Pesticides Action Network Updates Service (PANUPS) (2001) 'Handful of Corporations Dominate Commercial Agriculture', 10 September. Available at http://www.panna.org/panna/resources/panups/panup_20010910.dv.html.
360. Pettauer, D. (2002) 'Interpretation of Substantial Equivalence in the EU', in Evaluating Substantial Equivalence: A Step Towards Improving the Risk/Safety Evaluation of GMOs (Wien: Umweltbundesamt (UBA)), pp. 15-24. Available at http://www.umweltbundesamt.at/fileadmin/site/publikationen/CP032.pdf.
361. Pew Initiative on Food and Biotechnology (2002) State Legislative Activity in 2001 Related to Agricultural Biotechnology. Available at http://pewagbiotech.org/resources/factsheets/bills/factsheet.php3.
362. Pew Initiative on Food and Biotechnology (2004) 'Genetically Modified Crops in the United States' (factsheet). Available at http://pewagbiotech.org/resources/factsheets/display.php3?FactsheetID_2.
363. Pew Initiative on Food and Biotechnology (2005) State Legislative and Local Activities Related to Agriculture Biotechnology Continue to Grow in 2003-2004. Available at http://pewagbiotech.org/resources/factsheets/legislation/factsheet.php.
364. Phillips, N. (2001) 'Regionalist Governance in the New Political Economy of Development: "Relaunching" the Mercosur', Third World Quarterly 22(4): 565-83.
365. Phillips, P. W. B. and D. Corkindale (2002) 'Marketing GM Foods: The Way Forward', AgBioForum 5(3): 113-21.
366. Picciotto, S. (2002) 'Introduction: Reconceptualizing Regulation in the Era of Globalization', Journal of Law and Society 29: 1-11.
367. Pollack, A. (2001) 'Farmers Joining State Efforts Against Bioengineered Crops', New York Times, 24 March.
368. Pollack, M. A. and G. C. Shaffer (2001) 'M. Pollack and G. Shaffer (eds', in M. Pollack and G. Shaffer (eds) Transatlantic Governance in a Global Economy (Lanham: Rowman and Littlefield), pp. 153-78.
369. Pollack, M. A. and G. C. Shaffer (2005) 'H. Wallace, W. Wallace and M. A. Pollack (eds', in H. Wallace, W. Wallace and M. A. Pollack (eds) Policy-Making in the European Union (Oxford: Oxford University Press), pp. 329-51.
370. Prakash, A. (2002) 'Beyond Seattle: Globalization, the Nonmarket Environment and Corporate Strategy', Review of International Political Economy 9(3): 513-37.
371. Prakash A. and K. L. Kollman (2003) 'Biopolitics in the EU and the US: Race to the Bottom or Convergence to the Top?' International Studies Quarterly 47(4): 617-41.
372. Priest, S. H., H. Bonfadelli and M. Rusanen (2003) 'The "Trust Gap" Hypothesis: Predicting Support for Biotechnology across National Cultures as a Function of Trust in Actors', Risk Analysis 23(4): 751-66.
373. Princen, S. (2004) 'Trading Up in the Transatlantic Relationship', Journal of Public Policy 24(1): 127-44.
374. Princen, T. and M. Finger (eds) (1994) Environmental NGOs in World Politics. Linking the Global and the Local (London: Routledge).
375. Purdue, D. A. (2000) Anti-GenetiX: The Emergence of the Anti-GM Movement (Burlington, VT: Ashgate).
376. Putnam, R. D. (1995) 'Bowling Alone: America's Declining Social Capital', Journal of Democracy 6(1): 65-78
377. Putnam, R. D. (2002) Democracies in Flux: The Evolution of Social Capital in Contemporary Society (Oxford: Oxford University Press).
378. Ramakrishna, T. (2003) 'Development of the IPR Regime in India with Reference to Agricultural Biotechnology', Centre for Intellectual Property Rights, Research and Advocacy, National Law School of India, Bangalore. Paper for the project Globalization and the International Governance of Modern Biotechnology.
379. Raustila K. and D. G. Victor (2004) 'The Regime Complex for Plant Genetic Resources', International Organization 58(2): 277-309.
380. Redgwell, C. (2005) 'Biotechnology, Biodiversity and International Law', Current Legal Problems 58: 543-69.
381. Reifschneider, L. (2002) 'C. Bail, R. Falkner and H. Marquard (eds', in C. Bail, R. Falkner and H. Marquard (eds) The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety: Reconciling Trade in Biotechnology with Environment and Development? (London: Earthscan), pp. 273-77.
382. Reinalda, B. (1997) 'Private in Form and Public in Purpose: (I)NGOs as Political Actors in World Politics', Paper for the ECPR 25th Joint Sessions of Workshops, Bern, Switzerland, March 1997.
383. Reuters (1999) 'Monsanto aims to plant Bt corn in China', Available at http://www.netlink.de/gen/Zeitung/2000.
384. Rich, A. (1997) 'Après la vache folle, récidive sur le maïs transgénique', page 1;
385. 'Pourquoi ce maïs transgénique et quelles garanties sanitaires', page 8;
386. "Une décision réfléchie' ou 'Une décision dans l'urgence"?, p. 8, Le Soir, 27 January, Brussels.
387. Ringius, L. (1997) 'Environmental NGOs and Regime Change: The Case of Ocean Dumping of Radioactive Waste', European Journal of International Relations 3(1): 61-104.
388. Risse, T., S. C. Ropp and K. Sikkink (eds) (1999) The Power of Human Rights: International Norms and Domestic Change (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press).
389. Risse-Kappen, T. (ed) (1995) Bringing Transnational Relations Back In. Non-State Actors, Domestic Structures and International Institutions (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).
390. Roberts, M. and R. Begley (1994) 'Pesticide Producers Innovate Under Recessionary Pressure', Chemical Week 155(9).
391. Roessing, A. C. and J. J. Lazzarotto (2004) Criação de Empregos pelo Complexo Agroindustrial da Soja (Londrina, RS, Brazil: Embrapa Soja).
392. Rosenau, J. (1995) 'Governance in the Twenty-First Century', Global Governance 1(1).
393. Rosendal, G. K. (2001) 'Impacts of Overlapping International Regimes: The Case of Biodiversity', Global Governance 7(1): 95-118.
394. Rowlands, I. (1995) The Politics of Global Atmospheric Change (Manchester: Manchester University Press).
395. Rowlands, I. (2000) 'Beauty and the Beast? BP's and Exxon's Positions on Global Climate Change', Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 18: 39-54.
396. Rugaber, C. (2002) 'U.S.-China GMO Dispute Heats Up As Senators Urge President Bush's Involvement', International Environment Reporter 25(14): 664-65.
397. Ruttan, V. (1993) 'The Politics of U.S. Food Aid Policy: A Historical Review,' in V. Ruttan (ed) Why Food Aid? (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press).
398. Sabatier, P. A. and H. C. Jenkins-Smith (eds) (1993) Policy Change and Learning: An Advocacy Coalition Approach (Boulder, CO: Westview Press).
399. Safrin, S. (2002a) 'Treaties in Collision? The Biosafety Protocol and the World Trade Organization Agreements', American Journal of International Law 96(3): 606-28.
400. Safrin, S. (2002b) 'The Relationship with Other Agreements: Much Ado About a Savings Clause', in The Relationship with Other Agreements: Much Ado About a Savings Clause) The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety: Reconciling Trade in Biotechnology with Environment and Development? (London: Earthscan), pp. 438-54.
401. Sands, P. (2003) Principles of International Environmental Law. 2nd ed. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).
402. Schaper, M. and S. Parada (2001) Organismos Genéticamente Modificados: Su Impacto Socioeconómico en la Agricultura de los Países de la Comunidad Andina, Mercosur y Chile. (Santiago de Chile: CEPAL).
403. Schwartz, J. (2004) 'Environmental NGOs in China: Roles and Limits', Pacific Affairs 77(1): 28-49.
404. Scott, C. (2002) 'Private Regulation of the Public Sector: A Neglected Facet of Contemporary Governance', Journal of Law and Society 29: 56-76.
405. SEMA-SP (1997) O Mercosul e o Meio Ambiente (São Paulo: Secretaria do Meio Ambiente).
406. Seshia, S. (2002) 'Plant Variety Protection and Farmers' Rights: Law-Making and the Cultivation of Varietal Control', Economic and Political Weekly 6 July, pp. 2741-47.
407. Simmons, B. A. and Z. Elkins (2004) 'The Globalization of Liberalization: Policy Diffusion in the International Political Economy', American Political Science Review 98(1): 171-89.
408. Skjaerseth, J. B. and T. Skodvin (2001) 'Climate Change and the Oil Industry: Common Problems, Different Strategies', Global Environmental Politics 1(4): 43-64.
409. Sklair, L. (2001) The Transnational Capitalist Class (London: Blackwell).
410. Skogstad, G. and E. Moore (2003) Policy Resilience and Path Dependence: Policy Networks, Programmatic Ideas and GMO Regulatory Policies. University of Toronto Working Paper.
411. Smith, E., T. Marsden and A. Flynn (2004) 'Regulating Food Risks: Rebuilding Confidence in Europe's Food?' Environmental and Planning C: Government and Policy 22: 543-67.
412. Smith, N. and C. Rugaber (2002) 'China to Issue Temporary Certificates to Allow Imports of GMOs to Continue', BioTech Watch, 8 March. Available at http://subscript.bna.com/SAMPLES.btb.nsf.
413. Søgaard, V. (2001) 'Bayer AG: Chemicals and Life Sciences' AgBioForum 4(1): 68-73.
414. Stairs, D. (2000) 'Foreign Policy Consultations in a Globalizing World: The Case of Canada, the WTO and the Shenanigans in Seattle', Policy Matters 1(8).
415. Stapp, K. (2003) 'Biotech Boom Linked to Development Dollars, Say Critics', Inter Press Service News Agency, 3 December. Available at http://www.ipsnews.net/interna.asp?idnews_21395.
416. Stiles, K. (2005) 'Theories of Non-Hegemonic Cooperation', Paper presented at the annual meetings of the International Studies Association, Honolulu, Hawaii, 1-5 March, 2005.
417. Stoll, P.-T. (2000) 'Controlling the Risks of Genetically Modified Organisms: The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety and the SPS Agreement', Yearbook of International Environmental Law 10: 82-119.
418. Sullivan, L. R. (ed) (1995) China Since Tiananmen: Political, Economic, and Social Conflicts (Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe).
419. Sullivan, L. R. (2005) 'Debating the Dam: Is China's Three Gorges Project Sustainable?' in R. S. Axelrod, D. L. Downie and N. J. Vig (eds) The Global Environment: Institutions, Law, and Policy (Washington, D.C.: CQ Press), pp. 244-60.
420. Sullivan, R. (2000) 'Biosafety Protocol Compromise', Earth Island Journal 15(2).
421. Sunstein, C. R. (2002) Risk and Reason: Safety, Law, and the Environment (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).
422. Suttmeier, R. P. (1980) Science, Technology and China's Drive for Modernization (Stanford: Hoover Institution Press).
423. Tamiotti, L. and M. Finger (2001) 'Environmental Organizations: Changing Roles and Functions in Global Politics', Global Environmental Politics 1(1): 56-76.
424. The Ecologist (2003) 'GM Food Aid', The Ecologist 33(2): 46.
425. The United States-China Business Council (2000) Letter to Larry Combest, House of Representatives, Washington D.C., 6 January. Available at http://www.uschina.org/public/wto/usbspntr/combest.html.
426. Thomson, J. (2002) Genes for Africa: Genetically Modified Crops in the Developing World (Cape Town: University of Cape Town Press).
427. Thompson-Feraru, A. (1974) Transnational Political Interests and the Global Environment, International Organization 28(1): 31-60.
428. Toke, D. (2004) The Politics of GM Food: A Comparative Study of the UK, USA and EU (London: Routledge).
429. Trigo, E. J. and E. J. Cap. (2003) 'The Impact of the Introduction of Transgenic Crops in Argentinean Agriculture', AgBioForum 6(3): 87-94.
430. UDS (2002) 'China's Biotech Rules Won't Harm Trade, Veneman Says', United States Department of State, 3 July. Available at http://www.usda.gov/news/releases/2002.
431. UNCTAD (2004) World Investment Report 2004: The Shift Towards Services (Geneva: UNCTAD).
432. UNEP (1995) Report of the Open-Ended Ad Hoc Group of the Experts on Biosafety, UNEP/CBD/COP/2/7.
433. UNEP (1999) Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity. First Extraordinary Meeting of the Open-Ended Ad Hoc Working Group on Biosafety, UNEP/CBD/ExCOP/1/2, 15 February 1999.
434. UNEP (2003) Reports of the Intergovernmental Committee for the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety, UNEP/CBD/BS/COP-MOP/1/3/Add.1/24 May 2003 (first meeting), UNEP UNEP/CBD/BS/COP-MOP/1/3/Add.2/24 May 2003 (second meeting), UNEP/CBD/BS/COP-MOP/1/3/Add.3/24 May 2003 (third meeting))
435. UNEP (2004) Report of the First Meeting of the Conference of Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity Serving as the Meeting of the Parties to the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety, UNEP/CBD/BS/COP-MOP/1/15/14, April 2004.
436. UNEP (2005) Report of the Second Meeting of the Conference of Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity Serving as the Meeting of the Parties to the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety, UNEP/CBD/BS/COP-MOP2/15, 6 June 2005.
437. UNEP Chemicals website http://www.chem.unep.ch/pops/newlayout/infpopsalt.htm.
438. United States Agency for International Development (USAID) (2003a) 'CABIO: Mobilizing Science and Technology to Reduce Poverty and Hunger', Press Release 2003-063, Washington, D.C. Available at http://www.usaid.gov.
439. United States Agency for International Development (USAID) (2003b) 'Educating Scientists for Management', Press Release 2003-070, Washington, D.C. Available at http://www.usaid.gov.
440. USAID (1995) Food Aid and Food Security Policy Paper (PN-ABU-219) (Washington, D.C.: USAID).
441. USAID (2003c) 'United States and Food Assistance', Africa Humanitarian Crisis, 3 July. Available at www.usaid.gov/about/africafoodcrisis/bio_answers.html#8.
442. USDA (2001) U.S. Agricultural Trade. Available at http://www.ers.usda.gov/BRIEFING/AgTrade/usagriculturaltrade.htm.
443. USDA (2003) The National Organic Program. Available at http://www.ams.usda.gov/nop/Q&A.html.
444. USDA (2005) Agricultural Biotechnology: Adoption of Biotechnology and Its Production Impacts. Available at http://www.ers.usda.gov/Briefing/biotechnology/chapter1.htm.
445. USEPA (2001) 'Biotechnology Corn Approved for Continued Use', Press Release, 16 October. Available at www.usepa.gov.
446. Uvin, P. (1992) 'Regime, Surplus and Self-Interest: The International Politics of Food Aid,' International Studies Quarterly 36(3): 293-312.
447. Victor, D. G. and C. F. Runge (2002) 'Farming the Genetic Frontier', Foreign Affairs 81(May-June): 107-21
448. Vig, N. J. and M. G. Faure (eds) (2004). Green Giants? Environmental Policies of the United States and the European Union (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press).
449. Vogel, D. (1995) Trading Up. Consumer and Environmental Regulation in a Global Economy (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press).
450. Vogel, D. (1997) 'Trading Up and Governing Across: Transnational Governance and Environmental Protection', Journal of European Public Policy 4(4): 556-71.
451. Vogel, D. (2003) 'The Hare and the Tortoise Revisited: The New Politics of Consumer and Environmental Regulation in Europe', British Journal of Political Science 33(4): 557-80
452. Vogler, J. (2003) 'Taking Institutions Seriously: How Regime Analysis Can Be Relevant to Multilevel Environmental Governance', Global Environmental Politics 3(2): 25-39.
453. Vogler, J. (2005) 'The European Contribution to Global Environmental Governance', International Affairs 81(4): 835-50.
454. Vogt, D. U. and M. Parish (1999) Food Biotechnology in the United States: Science, Regulation, and Issues. Available at http://www.cnie.org/nle/st41.html.
455. Vogt, D. U. and M. Parish (2001) Food Biotechnology in the United States: Science, Regulation, and Issues, RL 30198. Available at http://cnie.org/NLE/CRSreports/science/st-41.pdf.
456. Wallerstein, M. (1980) Food for War-Food for Peace (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press).
457. Walsh, D. (2000) 'America Finds Ready Market for GM Food-The Hungry', The Independent (London), 30 March: 18.
458. Wang, X. (2004) 'Challenges and Dilemmas in Developing China's National Biosafety Framework', Journal of World Trade 38(5): 899-913.
459. Wang, X. and G. Wiser (2002) 'The Implementation and Compliance Regimes under the Climate Change Convention and Its Kyoto Protocol', Review of European Community and International Environmental Law 11(2): 181-98.
460. Washington Post (1999) 'Biotech: Yes or No?' Washington Post, 16 October, p. A 19.
461. Waste, R. J. (ed) (1986) Community Power. Directions for Future Research (Beverly Hills: SAGE).
462. Werner, K. (2001a) 'EPA Conditionally Reapproves Biotech Corn for Seven Years; Additional Data Requested', BioTech Watch, 17 October.
463. Werner, K. (2001b) 'Industry Says More Regulatory Scrutiny of Biotech Crops Could Spur Chemical Use', BioTech Watch, 2 October.
464. Werner, K. (2001c) 'Industry Supports EPA Biotech Exemption, Citing Safe Crop History, Regulatory Burden', BioTech Watch, 11 October.
465. West, D. and B. A. Loomis (1999) The Sound of Money: How Political Interests Get What They Want (New York: Norton).
466. Westerheijden, D. (1987) 'The Substance of a Shadow. A Critique of Power Measurement Methods', Acta Politica (1): 39-59.
467. WFP (2002). Policy on Donations of Foods Derived from Biotechnology (GM/Biotech foods), WFP/EB, 3/2002/4-C, 14 October.
468. WFP (2003) Policy on Donations of Foods Derived from Biotechnology, WFP/EB.A/2003/5-0B/Rev.1.
469. White House (2000) Clinton Administration Agencies Announce Food and Agricultural Biotechnology Initiative, 3 May. Available at http://vm.cfsan.fda.gov/~lrd/whbio53.html.
470. Willets, P. (ed) (1982) Pressure Groups in the Global System (London: Frances Pinter).
471. Willets, P. (1996) 'From Stockholm to Rio and Beyond: The Impact of the Environmental Movement on the United Nations Consultative Arrangements for NGOs', Review of International Studies 22(1): 57-80.
472. Winston, M. L. (2002) Travels in the Genetically Modified Zone (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press).
473. World Intellectual Property Report (2005) 'Monsanto Mulls WIPO Action Against Argentina over Soybeans', World Intellectual Property Report 19(3).
474. Wright, B. G. (2000) 'Environmental NGOs and the Dolphin-Tuna Case', Environmental Politics, 9(4): 82-103.
475. WTO (2001) Matrix of Multilateral Environmental Agreements. WTO Doc WT/CTE/W/160.Rev.1, Committee on Trade and the Environment, 14 July (Geneva WTO).
476. WTO (2004) World Trade Report 2004: Exploring the Linkage between the Domestic Policy Environment and International Trade (Geneva: World Trade Organization).
477. WTO AB (1998) World Trade Organisation Appellate Body, 'EC - Hormones Appellate Body Report: EC Measures Concerning Meat and Meat Products (Hormones), WT/DS26/AB/R, WT/DS48/AB/R', adopted 13 February, DSR 1998: I, 135.
478. WWF (2003) Sustainability Assessment of Export-Led Growth in Soy Production in Brazil (Brasilia: WWF-Brazil).
479. Wynne, B. (2001) 'Creating Public Alienation: Expert Cultures of Risk and Ethics on GMOs' Science as Culture 10(4): 445-81.
480. Xinhua (2002) 'Vice-Premier Hails Sustainable Development' Xinhua News Agency, 25 November.
481. Yamin, F (2002) IPRs, Biotechnology and Food Security, Paper for FIELD/IDS Project on the International Governance of Modern Biotechnology.
482. Yang, G. (2005) 'Environmental NGOs and Institutional Dynamics in China', The China Quarterly (181): 46-66.
483. Yang, W. (2003) 'Regulation of Genetically Modified Organisms in China', Review of European Community and International Environmental Law 12(1): 99-108.
484. Young, A. (2003) 'Political Transfer and 'Trading Up'? Transatlantic Trade in Genetically Modified Foods and U.S. Politics', World Politics 55(July): 457-84.
485. Yu III, V. P. B. (2001) 'E. B. Weiss and J. H. Jackson (eds', in E. B. Weiss and J. H. Jackson (eds) Reconciling Environment and Trade (Ardsley, NY: Transaction Publishers).
486. Zedan, H. (2002) 'C. Bail, R. Falkner and H. Marquard (eds', in C. Bail, R. Falkner and H. Marquard (eds) The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety: Reconciling Trade in Biotechnology with Environment and Development? (London: Earthscan), pp. 23-33.
487. Zhao, J. and L. Ortolano (2003) 'The Chinese Government's Role in Implementing Multilateral Environmental Agreements: The Case of the Montreal Protocol', The China Quarterly (167): 708-25.
488. Zürn, M. and J. T. Checkel (2005) 'Getting Socialized to Build Bridges: Constructivism and Rationalism, Europe and the Nation-State', International Organization 59(4): 1045-79.
489. Zweig, D. (2002) Internationalizing China: Domestic Interests and Global Linkages (Ithaca: Cornell University Press).