Affect: The role of language anxiety and other emotions in language learning

Psychology for Language Learning: Insights from Research, Theory and Practice

Volumn , Issue , 2012, Pages 103-118

  MacIntyre, Peter ^a   Gregersen, Tammy ^b  

^a CAPE BRETON UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF NORTHERN IOWA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 85015822040     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1057/9781137032829_8     Document Type: Chapter

References (63)

1. Aida, Y. (1994). Examination of Horwitz, Horwitz, & Cope’s construct of foreign language anxiety: The case of students of Japanese. The Modern Language Journal, 78, 155-168.
2. Bailey, P., & Daley, C. E. (1999). Foreign language anxiety and learning style. Foreign Language Annals, 32, 63-76.
3. Baker, S., & MacIntyre, P. D. (2000). The role of gender and immersion in communication and second language orientations. Language Learning, 50, 311-341.
4. Castro, O., & Peck, V. (2005). Learning styles and foreign language learning difficulties. Foreign Language Annals, 38, 401-409.
5. Chastain, K. (1975). Affective and ability factors in second language acquisition. Language Learning, 25, 153-161.
6. Cheng, Y. (2002). Factors associated with foreign language writing anxiety. Foreign Language Annals, 35, 647-656.
7. Cheng, Y., Horwitz, E. K., & Schallert, D. L. (1999). Language anxiety: Differentiating writing and speaking components. Language Learning, 49, 417-446.
8. Diener, E., & Seligman, M. (2002). Very happy people. Psychology Science, 13, 81-84.
9. Dewaele, J.-M. (2007). Predicting language learners’ grades in the L1, L2, L3 and L4: The effect of some psychological and sociocognitive variables. International Journal of Multilingualism, 4(3), 169-197.
10. Dewaele, J.-M. (2009). Why do some young learners drop foreign languages? A focus on learner-internal variables. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 16(6), 635-649.
11. Dewaele, J.-M., Petrides, K. V., & Furnham, A. (2008). Effects of trait emotional intelligence and sociobiographical variables on communicative anxiety and foreign language anxiety among adult multilinguals: A review and empirical investigation. Language Learning, 58, 911-960.
12. Ehrman, M. E. (1996). An exploration of adult language learner motivation, selfefficacy, and anxiety. In R. Oxford (Ed.), Language learning motivation: Pathways to the new century (pp. 103-131). Honolulu, HI: University of Hawaii Press.
13. Elkhafaifi, H. (2005). Listening comprehension and anxiety in the Arabic language classroom. The Modern Language Journal, 89, 206-220.
14. Ely, C. M. (1986). An analysis of discomfort, risktaking, sociability, and motivation in the L2 classroom. Language Learning, 36, 1-25.
15. Epstein, S. (1993). Emotion and self-theory. In M. Lewis & J. M. Haviland-Jones (Eds.), Handbook of emotions (pp. 313-326). New York: Guilford Press.
16. Ewald, J. (2007). Foreign language learning anxiety in upper-level classes: Involving students as researchers. Foreign Language Annals, 40, 122-142.
17. Frantzen, D., & Sieloff Magnan, S. (2005). Anxiety and the true beginnerfalse beginner dynamic in beginning French and Spanish classes. The Modern Language Journal, 38, 171-186.
18. Fredrickson, B. L. (2001). The role of positive emotions in positive psychology: The broaden and build theory of positive emotions. American Psychologist, 56, 218-226.
19. Fredrickson, B. L., & Kahneman, D. (1993). Duration neglect in retrospective evaluations of affective episodes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, 45-55.
20. Fredrickson, B. L., & Losada, M. (2005). Positive affect and the complex dynamics of human flourishing. American Psychologist, 60, 678-686.
21. Gardner, R. C. (1985). Social psychology and second language learning: The role of attitudes and motivation. London: Edward Arnold.
22. Gardner, R. C. (2009). Gardner and Lambert (1959): Fifty Years and Counting. Presented at the annual conference of the Canadian Association of Applied linguistics, Ottawa ON, May, 2009. Retrieved 9 November 2011 from http://publish.uwo.ca/~gardner/docs/CAALOttawa2009talkc.pdf
23. Gardner, R. C., & MacIntyre, P. D. (1993). On the measurement of affective variables in second language learning. Language Learning, 43, 157-194.
24. Gregersen, T. (2003). To err is human: A reminder to teachers of language-anxious students. Foreign Language Annals, 36, 25-32.
25. Gregersen, T. (2005). Nonverbal cues: Clues to the detection of foreign language anxiety. Foreign Language Annals, 38, 388-400.
26. Gregersen, T. (2007a). Breaking the code of silence: An exploratory study of teachers’ nonverbal decoding accuracy of foreign language anxiety. Language Teaching Research, 11(2), 51-64.
27. Gregersen, T. (2007b). Language learning beyond words: Incorporating body language into classroom activities. Reflections on English Language Teaching, 6(1), 1-15.
28. Gregersen, T. (2009). Recognizing visual and auditory cues in the detection of foreign language anxiety. TESL Canada Journal, 26, 46-64.
29. Gregersen, T., & Horwitz, E. (2002). Language learning and perfectionism: anxious and non-anxious language learners’ responses to their own oral performance. The Modern Language Journal, 86, 562-570.
30. Horwitz, E. K. (1986). Preliminary evidence for the reliability and validity of a Foreign Language Anxiety Scale. TESOL Quarterly, 20, 559-562.
31. Horwitz, E. K., Horwitz, M. B., & Cope, J. (1986). Foreign language classroom anxiety. The Modern Language Journal, 70, 125-132.
32. Horwitz, E. K., & Young, D. (1991). Language anxiety: From theory and research to classroom implications. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
33. Kahneman, D., & Riis, J. (2005). Living, and thinking about it: Two perspectives on life. In F. A. Huppert, N. Baylis, & B. Keverne (Eds.), The science of well-being (pp. 285-304). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
34. MacIntyre, P. D. (1995). How does anxiety affect second language learning?: A reply to Sparks and Ganschow. The Modern Language Journal, 79, 1-32.
35. MacIntyre, P. D. (1999). Language anxiety: A review of the research for language teachers. In D. J. Young (Ed.), Affect in foreign language and second language learning: A practical guide to creating a low-anxiety classroom atmosphere (pp. 24-45). Boston: McGraw-Hill.
36. MacIntyre, P. D., & Gardner, R. C. (1989). Anxiety and second-language learning: Toward a theoretical clarification. Language Learning, 39, 251-275.
37. MacIntyre, P. D., & Gardner, R. C. (1991a). Methods and results in the study of anxiety in language learning: A review of the literature. Language Learning, 41, 85-117.
38. MacIntyre, P. D., & Gardner, R. C. (1991b). Language anxiety: Its relation to other anxieties and to processing in native and second languages. Language Learning, 41, 513-534.
39. MacIntyre, P. D., & Gardner, R. C. (1991c). Investigating language class anxiety using the focused essay technique. The Modern Language Journal, 75, 296-304.
40. MacIntyre, P. D., & Gardner, R. C. (1994a). The effects of induced anxiety on cognitive processing in second language learning. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 16, 1-17.
41. MacIntyre, P. D., & Gardner, R. C. (1994b). The subtle effects of language anxiety on cognitive processing in the second language. Language Learning, 44, 283-305.
42. MacIntyre, P. D., & Legatto, J. J. (2011). A dynamic system approach to willingness to communicate: Developing an idiodynamic method to capture rapidly changing affect. Applied Linguistics, 32(2), 149-171.
43. MacIntyre, P. D., & Noels, K. A. (1996). Predicting strategy use from psychosocial variables: A test of the social-psychological model. Foreign Language Annals, 29, 373-386.
44. Onwuegbuzie, A. J., Bailey, P., & Daley, C. E. (1999). Factors associated with foreign language anxiety. Applied Psycholinguistics, 20, 217-239.
45. Onwuegbuzie, A. J., Bailey, P., & Daley, C. E. (2000). Cognitive, affective, personality, and demographic predictors of foreign-language achievement. The Journal of Educational Research, 94(1), 3-15.
46. Onwuegbuzie, A. J., Bailey, P., & Daley, C. E. (2002). The role of foreign language anxiety and students’ expectations in foreign language learning, Research in the Schools, 9(1), 33-50.
47. Pappamihiel, N. E. (2002). English as a second language students and English language anxiety: Issues in the mainstream classroom. Research in the Teaching of English, 36, 327-355.
48. Price, M. L. (1991). The subjective experience of foreign language anxiety: Interviews with highly anxious students. In E. K. Horwitz & D. J. Young (Eds.), Language anxiety: From theory and research to classroom implications (pp. 101-108). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
49. Sanchez-Herrero, S. A., & Sanchez, M. P. (1992). The predictive validation of an instrument designed to measure student anxiety in learning a foreign language. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 52, 961-966.
50. Saito, Y., Garza, T. J., & Horwitz, E. K. (1999). Foreign language reading anxiety. The Modern Language Journal, 83, 202-218.
51. Scovel, T. (1978). The effect of affect on foreign language learning: A review of the anxiety research. Language Learning, 28, 129-142.
52. Seligman, M., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2000). Positive psychology: An introduction. American Psychologist, 55, 5-14.
53. Sellers, V. D. (2000). Anxiety and reading comprehension in Spanish as a foreign language. Foreign Language Annals, 33, 512-520.
54. Sparks, R. L., & Ganschow, L. (1991). Foreign language learning differences: Affective or native language aptitude differences? The Modern Language Journal, 75, 3-16.
55. Sparks, R., & Ganschow, L. (1995). A strong inference approach to causal factors in foreign language learning: A response to MacIntyre. The Modern Language Journal, 79, 235-244.
56. Sparks, R., & Ganschow, L. (2007). Is the Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale measuring anxiety or language skills? Foreign Language Annals, 40, 260-287.
57. Sparks, R., Patton, J., Ganschow, L., & Humbach, N. (2009). Long-term relationships among early first language skills, second language aptitude, second language affect, and later second language proficiency. Applied Psycholinguistics, 30, 725-755.
58. Spielmann, G., & Rodnofsky, M. (2001). Learning language under tension: New directions from a qualitative study. The Modern Language Journal, 85, 259-278.
59. Vogely, A. J. (1998). Listening comprehension anxiety: Students’ reported sources and solutions. Foreign Language Annals, 31, 67-80.
60. Woodrow, L. (2006). A model of adaptive language learning. The Modern Language Journal, 90, 297-319.
61. Yan, J., & Horwitz, E. K. (2008). Learners’ perceptions of how anxiety interacts with personal and instructional factors to influence their achievement in English: A qualitative analysis of EFL learners in China. Language Learning, 58, 151-183.
62. Young, D. (1986). The relationship between anxiety and foreign language oral proficiency ratings. Foreign Language Annals, 19, 439-445.
63. Young, D. J. (1991). Creating a low-anxiety classroom environment: What does the anxiety research suggest? The Modern Language Journal, 75, 426-439.