Correction: 2016 AHA/ACC Guideline on the Management of Patients With Lower Extremity Peripheral Artery Disease: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines (Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2017) 69(11) (e71–e126) (S0735109716369029) (10.1016/j.jacc.2016.11.007));2016 AHA/ACC Guideline on the Management of Patients With Lower Extremity Peripheral Artery Disease: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines

Journal of the American College of Cardiology

Volumn 69, Issue 11, 2017, Pages e71-e126

  Gerhard Herman, Marie D ^a   Gornik, Heather L ^a   Barrett, Coletta ^a   Barshes, Neal R ^a   Corriere, Matthew A ^a   Drachman, Douglas E ^a   Fleisher, Lee A ^a   Fowkes, Francis Gerry R ^a   Hamburg, Naomi M ^a   Kinlay, Scott ^a   Lookstein, Robert ^a   Misra, Sanjay ^a   Mureebe, Leila ^a   Olin, Jeffrey W ^a   Patel, Rajan A G ^a   Regensteiner, Judith G ^a   Schanzer, Andres ^a   Shishehbor, Mehdi H ^a   Stewart, Kerry J ^a   Treat Jacobson, Diane ^a   Walsh, M Eileen ^a   more..

^a NONE

Author keywords

ACC AHA Clinical Practice Guideline; acute limb ischemia; antiplatelet agents; bypass surgery; claudication; critical limb ischemia; endovascular procedures; limb salvage; peripheral artery disease; smoking cessation; supervised exercise

Indexed keywords

ANTICOAGULANT AGENT; ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENT; ANTITHROMBOCYTIC AGENT; CILOSTAZOL; HOMOCYSTEINE; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE INHIBITOR; PENTOXIFYLLINE;

ABDOMINAL AORTA ANEURYSM; ARTICLE; CAROTID ATHEROSCLEROSIS; CHELATION THERAPY; CLAUDICATION; CLINICAL ASSESSMENT; CLINICAL EVALUATION; CLINICAL FEATURE; CORONARY ARTERY ATHEROSCLEROSIS; CORONARY ARTERY RECANALIZATION; DIAGNOSTIC TEST; ENDOVASCULAR SURGERY; EVIDENCE BASED MEDICINE; GLYCEMIC CONTROL; HISTORY; HUMAN; INFLUENZA VACCINATION; NEPHROSCLEROSIS; PERIPHERAL OCCLUSIVE ARTERY DISEASE; PHYSICAL EXAMINATION; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; SCREENING TEST; SMOKING CESSATION; TREATMENT PLANNING; WOUND HEALING; ADVISORY COMMITTEE; DISEASE MANAGEMENT; LOWER LIMB; MEDICAL SOCIETY; UNITED STATES; VASCULARIZATION;

ADVISORY COMMITTEES; AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION; DISEASE MANAGEMENT; HUMANS; LOWER EXTREMITY; PERIPHERAL ARTERIAL DISEASE; SOCIETIES, MEDICAL; UNITED STATES;

EID: 85015234280     PISSN: 07351097     EISSN: 15583597     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2017.02.004     Document Type: Erratum

References (409)

1. 1 Committee on Standards for Developing Trustworthy Clinical Practice Guidelines, Institute of Medicine. Clinical Practice Guidelines We Can Trust. 2011, The National Academies Press, Washington, DC.
2. 2 Committee on Standards for Systematic Reviews of Comparative Effectiveness Research, Institute of Medicine. Finding What Works in Health Care: Standards for Systematic Reviews. 2011, The National Academies Press, Washington, DC.
3. 3 ACCF/AHA Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Methodology Manual and Policies From the ACCF/AHA Task Force on Practice Guidelines. American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association. 2010. Available at: http://assets.cardiosource.com/Methodology_Manual_for_ACC_AHA_Writing_Committees.pdf and http://my.americanheart.org/idc/groups/ahamah-public/@wcm/@sop/documents/downloadable/ucm_319826.pdf. Accessed January 23, 2015.
4. 4 Halperin, J.L., Levine, G.N., Al-Khatib, S.M., et al. Further evolution of the ACC/AHA clinical practice guideline recommendation classification system: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol 67 (2016), 1572–1574.
5. 5 Jacobs, A.K., Kushner, F.G., Ettinger, S.M., et al. ACCF/AHA clinical practice guideline methodology summit report: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol 61 (2013), 213–265.
6. 6 Jacobs, A.K., Anderson, J.L., Halperin, J.L., The evolution and future of ACC/AHA clinical practice guidelines: a 30-year journey: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol 64 (2014), 1373–1384.
7. 7 Anderson, J.L., Heidenreich, P.A., Barnett, P.G., et al. ACC/AHA statement on cost/value methodology in clinical practice guidelines and performance measures: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Performance Measures and Task Force on Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol 63 (2014), 2304–2322.
8. 8 Arnett, D.K., Goodman, R.A., Halperin, J.L., et al. AHA/ACC/HHS strategies to enhance application of clinical practice guidelines in patients with cardiovascular disease and comorbid conditions: from the American Heart Association, American College of Cardiology, and U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. J Am Coll Cardiol 64 (2014), 1851–1856.
9. 9 Hirsch, A.T., Haskal, Z.J., Hertzer, N.R., et al. ACC/AHA 2005 guidelines for the management of patients with peripheral arterial disease (lower extremity, renal, mesenteric, and abdominal aortic): executive summary: a collaborative report from the American Association for Vascular Surgery/Society for Vascular Surgery, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, Society for Vascular Medicine and Biology, Society of Interventional Radiology, and the ACC/AHA Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Develop Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Peripheral Arterial Disease). J Am Coll Cardiol 47 (2006), 1239–1312.
10. 10 Rooke, T.W., Hirsch, A.T., Misra, S., et al. 2011 ACCF/AHA focused update of the guideline for the management of patients with peripheral artery disease (updating the 2005 guideline): a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol 58 (2011), 2020–2045.
11. 11 Jones WS, Schmit KM, Vemulapalli S, et al. Treatment Strategies for Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease. Comparative Effectiveness Review No. 118. The Duke Evidence-based Practice Center under Contract No 290-2007-10066-I. 2013. Available at: http://www.effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/ehc/products/368/1415/Peripheral-Artery-Disease-Treatment-130301.pdf. Accessed September 25, 2016.
12. 12 Vemulapalli, S., Dolor, R.J., Hasselblad, V., et al. Comparative effectiveness of medical therapy, supervised exercise, and revascularization for patients with intermittent claudication: a network meta-analysis. Clin Cardiol 38 (2015), 378–386.
13. 13 Schmit, K., Dolor, R.J., Jones, W.S., et al. Comparative effectiveness review of antiplatelet agents in peripheral artery disease. J Am Heart Assoc, 3, 2014, e001330.
14. 14 Jones, W.S., Dolor, R.J., Hasselblad, V., et al. Comparative effectiveness of endovascular and surgical revascularization for patients with peripheral artery disease and critical limb ischemia: systematic review of revascularization in critical limb ischemia. Am Heart J 167 (2014), 489–498.e7.
15. 15 Menard, M.T., Farber, A., The BEST-CLI trial: a multidisciplinary effort to assess whether surgical or endovascular therapy is better for patients with critical limb ischemia. Semin Vasc Surg 27 (2014), 82–84.
16. 16 Popplewell, M.A., Davies, H., Jarrett, H., et al. Bypass versus angioplasty in severe ischaemia of the leg - 2 (BASIL-2) trial: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials, 17, 2016, 11.
17. 17 Menard, M.T., Farber, A., Assmann, S.F., et al. Design and rationale of the Best Endovascular Versus Best Surgical Therapy for Patients With Critical Limb Ischemia (BEST-CLI) Trial. J Am Heart Assoc, 5, 2016, e003219.
18. 18 Mozaffarian, D., Benjamin, E.J., Go, A.S., et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics-2016 update: a report from the American Heart Association [published correction appears in Circulation. 2016;133:e599]. Circulation 133 (2016), e38–e360.
19. 19 Fowkes, F.G., Rudan, D., Rudan, I., et al. Comparison of global estimates of prevalence and risk factors for peripheral artery disease in 2000 and 2010: a systematic review and analysis. Lancet 382 (2013), 1329–1340.
20. 20 Levine, G.N., Bates, E.R., Bittl, J.A., et al. 2016 ACC/AHA guideline focused update on duration of dual antiplatelet therapy in patients with coronary artery disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol 68 (2016), 1082–1115.
21. 21 Fleisher, L.A., Fleischmann, K.E., Auerbach, A.D., et al. 2014 ACC/AHA guideline on perioperative cardiovascular evaluation and management of patients undergoing noncardiac surgery: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol 64 (2014), e77–e137.
22. 22 Eckel, R.H., Jakicic, J.M., Ard, J.D., et al. 2013 AHA/ACC guideline on lifestyle management to reduce cardiovascular risk: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol 63 (2014), 2960–2984.
23. 23 Goff, D.C., Lloyd-Jones, D.M., Bennett, G., et al. 2013 ACC/AHA guideline on the assessment of cardiovascular risk: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol 63 (2014), 2935–2959.
24. 24 Stone, N.J., Robinson, J.G., Lichtenstein, A.H., et al. 2013 ACC/AHA guideline on the treatment of blood cholesterol to reduce atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk in adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol 63 (2014), 2889–2934.
25. 25 Smith, S.C., Benjamin, E.J., Bonow, R.O., et al. AHA/ACCF secondary prevention and risk reduction therapy for patients with coronary and other atherosclerotic vascular disease: 2011 update: a guideline from the American Heart Association and American College of Cardiology Foundation. J Am Coll Cardiol 58 (2011), 2432–2446.
26. 26 Conte, M.S., Pomposelli, F.B., Clair, D.G., et al. Society for Vascular Surgery practice guidelines for atherosclerotic occlusive disease of the lower extremities: management of asymptomatic disease and claudication. J Vasc Surg 61 (2015), 2S–41S.
27. 27 Aboyans, V., Criqui, M.H., Abraham, P., et al. Measurement and interpretation of the ankle-brachial index: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation 126 (2012), 2890–2909.
28. 28 Lentine, K.L., Costa, S.P., Weir, M.R., et al. Cardiac disease evaluation and management among kidney and liver transplantation candidates: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association and the American College of Cardiology Foundation. J Am Coll Cardiol 60 (2012), 434–480.
29. 29 Skyler, J.S., Bergenstal, R., Bonow, R.O., et al. Intensive glycemic control and the prevention of cardiovascular events: implications of the ACCORD, ADVANCE, and VA Diabetes Trials: a position statement of the American Diabetes Association and a scientific statement of the American College of Cardiology Foundation and the American Heart Association. J Am Coll Cardiol 53 (2009), 298–304.
30. 30 Davis, M.M., Taubert, K., Benin, A.L., et al. Influenza vaccination as secondary prevention for cardiovascular disease: a science advisory from the American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology. J Am Coll Cardiol 48 (2006), 1498–1502.
31. 31 White, C.J., Jaff, M.R., Haskal, Z.J., et al. Indications for renal arteriography at the time of coronary arteriography: a science advisory from the American Heart Association Committee on Diagnostic and Interventional Cardiac Catheterization, Council on Clinical Cardiology, and the Councils on Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention and on Kidney in Cardiovascular Disease. Circulation 114 (2006), 1892–1895.
32. 32 Chobanian, A.V., Bakris, G.L., Black, H.R., et al. Seventh report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. Hypertension 42 (2003), 1206–1252.
33. 33 Creager, M.A., Belkin, M., Bluth, E.I., et al. 2012 ACCF/AHA/ACR/SCAI/SIR/STS/SVM/SVN/SVS key data elements and definitions for peripheral atherosclerotic vascular disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Data Standards (Writing Committee to Develop Clinical Data Standards for Peripheral Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease). J Am Coll Cardiol 59 (2012), 294–357.
34. 34 Rutherford, R.B., Baker, J.D., Ernst, C., et al. Recommended standards for reports dealing with lower extremity ischemia: revised version. J Vasc Surg 26 (1997), 517–538.
35. 35 Norgren, L., Hiatt, W.R., Dormandy, J.A., et al. Inter-society consensus for the management of peripheral arterial disease (TASC II). Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg(33 suppl 1), 2007, S1–S75.
36. 36 Fakhry, F., Rouwet, E.V., den Hoed, P.T., et al. Long-term clinical effectiveness of supervised exercise therapy versus endovascular revascularization for intermittent claudication from a randomized clinical trial. Br J Surg 100 (2013), 1164–1171.
37. 37 Murphy, T.P., Cutlip, D.E., Regensteiner, J.G., et al. Supervised exercise versus primary stenting for claudication resulting from aortoiliac peripheral artery disease: six-month outcomes from the claudication: exercise versus endoluminal revascularization (CLEVER) study. Circulation 125 (2012), 130–139.
38. 38 Murphy, T.P., Cutlip, D.E., Regensteiner, J.G., et al. Supervised exercise, stent revascularization, or medical therapy for claudication due to aortoiliac peripheral artery disease: the CLEVER study. J Am Coll Cardiol 65 (2015), 999–1009.
39. 39 Treat-Jacobson, D., Bronas, U.G., Leon, A.S., Efficacy of arm-ergometry versus treadmill exercise training to improve walking distance in patients with claudication. Vasc Med 14 (2009), 203–213.
40. 40 Hiatt, W.R., Regensteiner, J.G., Hargarten, M.E., et al. Benefit of exercise conditioning for patients with peripheral arterial disease. Circulation 81 (1990), 602–609.
41. 41 Parmenter, B.J., Dieberg, G., Smart, N.A., Exercise training for management of peripheral arterial disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Med 45 (2015), 231–244.
42. 42 Parmenter, B.J., Dieberg, G., Phipps, G., et al. Exercise training for health-related quality of life in peripheral artery disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Vasc Med 20 (2015), 30–40.
43. 43 Pilz, M., Kandioler-Honetz, E., Wenkstetten-Holub, A., et al. Evaluation of 6- and 12-month supervised exercise training on strength and endurance parameters in patients with peripheral arterial disease. Wien Klin Wochenschr 126 (2014), 383–389.
44. 44 Regensteiner, J.G., Steiner, J.F., Hiatt, W.R., Exercise training improves functional status in patients with peripheral arterial disease. J Vasc Surg 23 (1996), 104–115.
45. 45 Regensteiner, J.G., Exercise in the treatment of claudication: assessment and treatment of functional impairment. Vasc Med 2 (1997), 238–242.
46. 46 Stewart, K.J., Hiatt, W.R., Regensteiner, J.G., et al. Exercise training for claudication. N Engl J Med 347 (2002), 1941–1951.
47. 47 Collins, T.C., Lunos, S., Carlson, T., et al. Effects of a home-based walking intervention on mobility and quality of life in people with diabetes and peripheral arterial disease: a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes Care 34 (2011), 2174–2179.
48. 48 Fakhry, F., Spronk, S., de Ridder, M., et al. Long-term effects of structured home-based exercise program on functional capacity and quality of life in patients with intermittent claudication. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 92 (2011), 1066–1073.
49. 49 Gardner, A.W., Parker, D.E., Montgomery, P.S., et al. Step-monitored home exercise improves ambulation, vascular function, and inflammation in symptomatic patients with peripheral artery disease: a randomized controlled trial. J Am Heart Assoc, 3, 2014, e001107.
50. 50 Mays, R.J., Rogers, R.K., Hiatt, W.R., et al. Community walking programs for treatment of peripheral artery disease. J Vasc Surg 58 (2013), 1678–1687.
51. 51 McDermott, M.M., Domanchuk, K., Liu, K., et al. The Group Oriented Arterial Leg Study (GOALS) to improve walking performance in patients with peripheral arterial disease. Contemp Clin Trials 33 (2012), 1311–1320.
52. 52 Rose, G.A., The diagnosis of ischaemic heart pain and intermittent claudication in field surveys. Bull World Health Organ 27 (1962), 645–658.
53. 53 McDermott, M.M., Mehta, S., Greenland, P., Exertional leg symptoms other than intermittent claudication are common in peripheral arterial disease. Arch Intern Med 159 (1999), 387–392.
54. 54 McDermott, M.M., Greenland, P., Liu, K., et al. Leg symptoms in peripheral arterial disease: associated clinical characteristics and functional impairment. JAMA 286 (2001), 1599–1606.
55. 55 Hirsch, A.T., Criqui, M.H., Treat-Jacobson, D., et al. Peripheral arterial disease detection, awareness, and treatment in primary care. JAMA 286 (2001), 1317–1324.
56. 56 Khan, N.A., Rahim, S.A., Anand, S.S., et al. Does the clinical examination predict lower extremity peripheral arterial disease?. JAMA 295 (2006), 536–546.
57. 57 Criqui, M.H., Denenberg, J.O., Bird, C.E., et al. The correlation between symptoms and non-invasive test results in patients referred for peripheral arterial disease testing. Vasc Med 1 (1996), 65–71.
58. 58 Armstrong, D.W.J., Tobin, C., Matangi, M.F., The accuracy of the physical examination for the detection of lower extremity peripheral arterial disease. Can J Cardiol 26 (2010), e346–e350.
59. 59 Cournot, M., Boccalon, H., Cambou, J.P., et al. Accuracy of the screening physical examination to identify subclinical atherosclerosis and peripheral arterial disease in asymptomatic subjects. J Vasc Surg 46 (2007), 1215–1221.
60. 60 Clark, C.E., Taylor, R.S., Shore, A.C., et al. Association of a difference in systolic blood pressure between arms with vascular disease and mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet 379 (2012), 905–914.
61. 61 Singh, S., Sethi, A., Singh, M., et al. Simultaneously measured inter-arm and inter-leg systolic blood pressure differences and cardiovascular risk stratification: a systemic review and meta-analysis. J Am Soc Hypertens 9 (2015), 640–650.e12.
62. 62 Shadman, R., Criqui, M.H., Bundens, W.P., et al. Subclavian artery stenosis: prevalence, risk factors, and association with cardiovascular diseases. J Am Coll Cardiol 44 (2004), 618–623.
63. 63 Wassel, C.L., Loomba, R., Ix, J.H., et al. Family history of peripheral artery disease is associated with prevalence and severity of peripheral artery disease: the San Diego Population Study. J Am Coll Cardiol 58 (2011), 1386–1392.
64. 64 Schröder, F., Diehm, N., Kareem, S., et al. A modified calculation of ankle-brachial pressure index is far more sensitive in the detection of peripheral arterial disease. J Vasc Surg 44 (2006), 531–536.
65. 65 Premalatha, G., Ravikumar, R., Sanjay, R., et al. Comparison of colour duplex ultrasound and ankle-brachial pressure index measurements in peripheral vascular disease in type 2 diabetic patients with foot infections. J Assoc Physicians India 50 (2002), 1240–1244.
66. 66 Allen, J., Oates, C.P., Henderson, J., et al. Comparison of lower limb arterial assessments using color-duplex ultrasound and ankle/brachial pressure index measurements. Angiology 47 (1996), 225–232.
67. 67 Lijmer, J.G., Hunink, M.G., van den Dungen, J.J., et al. ROC analysis of noninvasive tests for peripheral arterial disease. Ultrasound Med Biol 22 (1996), 391–398.
68. 68 Guo, X., Li, J., Pang, W., et al. Sensitivity and specificity of ankle-brachial index for detecting angiographic stenosis of peripheral arteries. Circ J 72 (2008), 605–610.
69. 69 Niazi, K., Khan, T.H., Easley, K.A., Diagnostic utility of the two methods of ankle brachial index in the detection of peripheral arterial disease of lower extremities. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 68 (2006), 788–792.
70. 70 Eslahpazir, B.A., Allemang, M.T., Lakin, R.O., et al. Pulse volume recording does not enhance segmental pressure readings for peripheral arterial disease stratification. Ann Vasc Surg 28 (2014), 18–27.
71. 71 Raines, J.K., Darling, R.C., Buth, J., et al. Vascular laboratory criteria for the management of peripheral vascular disease of the lower extremities. Surgery 79 (1976), 21–29.
72. 72 Aboyans, V., Ho, E., Denenberg, J.O., et al. The association between elevated ankle systolic pressures and peripheral occlusive arterial disease in diabetic and nondiabetic subjects. J Vasc Surg 48 (2008), 1197–1203.
73. 73 Ouriel, K., McDonnell, A.E., Metz, C.E., et al. Critical evaluation of stress testing in the diagnosis of peripheral vascular disease. Surgery 91 (1982), 686–693.
74. 74 Stein, R., Hriljac, I., Halperin, J.L., et al. Limitation of the resting ankle-brachial index in symptomatic patients with peripheral arterial disease. Vasc Med 11 (2006), 29–33.
75. 75 Belch, J., MacCuish, A., Campbell, I., et al. The Prevention of Progression of Arterial Disease and Diabetes (POPADAD) trial: factorial randomised placebo controlled trial of aspirin and antioxidants in patients with diabetes and asymptomatic peripheral arterial disease. BMJ, 337, 2008, a1840.
76. 76 Fowkes, F.G., Price, J.F., Stewart, M.C., et al. Aspirin for prevention of cardiovascular events in a general population screened for a low ankle brachial index: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 303 (2010), 841–848.
77. 77 Alahdab, F., Wang, A.T., Elraiyah, T.A., et al. A systematic review for the screening for peripheral arterial disease in asymptomatic patients. J Vasc Surg 61 (2015), 42S–53S.
78. 78 Lin, J.S., Olson, C.M., Johnson, E.S., et al. The ankle-brachial index for peripheral artery disease screening and cardiovascular disease prediction among asymptomatic adults: a systematic evidence review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Ann Intern Med 159 (2013), 333–341.
79. 79 Diehm, C., Allenberg, J.R., Pittrow, D., et al. Mortality and vascular morbidity in older adults with asymptomatic versus symptomatic peripheral artery disease. Circulation 120 (2009), 2053–2061.
80. 80 Fowkes, F.G., Murray, G.D., Butcher, I., et al. Ankle brachial index combined with Framingham Risk Score to predict cardiovascular events and mortality: a meta-analysis. JAMA 300 (2008), 197–208.
81. 81 Ratanakorn, D., Keandoungchun, J., Tegeler, C.H., Prevalence and association between risk factors, stroke subtypes, and abnormal ankle brachial index in acute ischemic stroke. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 21 (2012), 498–503.
82. 82 Sen, S., Lynch, D.R., Kaltsas, E., et al. Association of asymptomatic peripheral arterial disease with vascular events in patients with stroke or transient ischemic attack. Stroke 40 (2009), 3472–3477.
83. 83 Bundó, M., Muñoz, L., Pérez, C., et al. Asymptomatic peripheral arterial disease in type 2 diabetes patients: a 10-year follow-up study of the utility of the ankle brachial index as a prognostic marker of cardiovascular disease. Ann Vasc Surg 24 (2010), 985–993.
84. 84 Bouisset, F., Bongard, V., Ruidavets, J.B., et al. Prognostic usefulness of clinical and subclinical peripheral arterial disease in men with stable coronary heart disease. Am J Cardiol 110 (2012), 197–202.
85. 85 Hiramoto, J.S., Katz, R., Ix, J.H., et al. Sex differences in the prevalence and clinical outcomes of subclinical peripheral artery disease in the Health, Aging, and Body Composition (Health ABC) study. Vascular 22 (2014), 142–148.
86. 86 Jiménez, M., Dorado, L., Hernández-Pérez, M., et al. Ankle-brachial index in screening for asymptomatic carotid and intracranial atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 233 (2014), 72–75.
87. 87 Tsivgoulis, G., Bogiatzi, C., Heliopoulos, I., et al. Low ankle-brachial index predicts early risk of recurrent stroke in patients with acute cerebral ischemia. Atherosclerosis 220 (2012), 407–412.
88. 88 McDermott, M.M., Liu, K., Guralnik, J.M., et al. Home-based walking exercise intervention in peripheral artery disease: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA 310 (2013), 57–65.
89. 89 McDermott, M.M., Fried, L., Simonsick, E., et al. Asymptomatic peripheral arterial disease is independently associated with impaired lower extremity functioning: the Women's Health and Aging Study. Circulation 101 (2000), 1007–1012.
90. 90 McDermott, M.M., Applegate, W.B., Bonds, D.E., et al. Ankle brachial index values, leg symptoms, and functional performance among community-dwelling older men and women in the Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders Study. J Am Heart Assoc, 2, 2013, e000257.
91. 91 McDermott, M.M., Liu, K., Greenland, P., et al. Functional decline in peripheral arterial disease: associations with the ankle brachial index and leg symptoms. JAMA 292 (2004), 453–461.
92. 92 McDermott, M.M., Ferrucci, L., Liu, K., et al. Leg symptom categories and rates of mobility decline in peripheral arterial disease. J Am Geriatr Soc 58 (2010), 1256–1262.
93. 93 McDermott, M.M., Liu, K., Ferrucci, L., et al. Physical performance in peripheral arterial disease: a slower rate of decline in patients who walk more. Ann Intern Med 144 (2006), 10–20.
94. 94 McDermott, M.M., Guralnik, J.M., Criqui, M.H., et al. Home-based walking exercise in peripheral artery disease: 12-month follow-up of the GOALS randomized trial. J Am Heart Assoc, 3, 2014, e000711.
95. 95 Selvin, E., Erlinger, T.P., Prevalence of and risk factors for peripheral arterial disease in the United States: results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999-2000. Circulation 110 (2004), 738–743.
96. 96 Ramos, R., García-Gil, M., Comas-Cufí, M., et al. Statins for prevention of cardiovascular events in a low-risk population with low ankle brachial index. J Am Coll Cardiol 67 (2016), 630–640.
97. 97 Fowkes, F.G., Murray, G.D., Butcher, I., et al. Development and validation of an ankle brachial index risk model for the prediction of cardiovascular events. Eur J Prev Cardiol 21 (2014), 310–320.
98. 98 Criqui, M.H., Vargas, V., Denenberg, J.O., et al. Ethnicity and peripheral arterial disease: the San Diego Population Study. Circulation 112 (2005), 2703–2707.
99. 99 Carter, S.A., Tate, R.B., Value of toe pulse waves in addition to systolic pressures in the assessment of the severity of peripheral arterial disease and critical limb ischemia. J Vasc Surg 24 (1996), 258–265.
100. 100 Ramsey, D.E., Manke, D.A., Sumner, D.S., Toe blood pressure. A valuable adjunct to ankle pressure measurement for assessing peripheral arterial disease. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino) 24 (1983), 43–48.
101. 101 Vincent, D.G., Salles-Cunha, S.X., Bernhard, V.M., et al. Noninvasive assessment of toe systolic pressures with special reference to diabetes mellitus. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino) 24 (1983), 22–28.
102. 102 Carter, S.A., Clinical measurement of systolic pressures in limbs with arterial occlusive disease. JAMA 207 (1969), 1869–1874.
103. 103 Carter, S.A., Indirect systolic pressures and pulse waves in arterial occlusive diseases of the lower extremities. Circulation 37 (1968), 624–637.
104. 104 Weinberg, I., Giri, J., Calfon, M.A., et al. Anatomic correlates of supra-normal ankle brachial indices. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 81 (2013), 1025–1030.
105. 105 Park, S.C., Choi, C.Y., Ha, Y.I., et al. Utility of toe-brachial index for diagnosis of peripheral artery disease. Arch Plast Surg 39 (2012), 227–231.
106. 106 Covic, A., Kanbay, M., Voroneanu, L., et al. Vascular calcification in chronic kidney disease. Clin Sci 119 (2010), 111–121.
107. 107 Mahe, G., Pollak, A.W., Liedl, D.A., et al. Discordant diagnosis of lower extremity peripheral artery disease using American Heart Association postexercise guidelines. Medicine (Baltimore), 94, 2015, e1277.
108. 108 Nicolaï, S.P., Viechtbauer, W., Kruidenier, L.M., et al. Reliability of treadmill testing in peripheral arterial disease: a meta-regression analysis. J Vasc Surg 50 (2009), 322–329.
109. 109 Laing, S.P., Greenhalgh, R.M., Standard exercise test to assess peripheral arterial disease. Br Med J 280 (1980), 13–16.
110. 110 Sumner, D.S., Strandness, D.E., The relationship between calf blood flow and ankle blood pressure in patients with intermittent claudication. Surgery 65 (1969), 763–771.
111. 111 McPhail, I.R., Spittell, P.C., Weston, S.A., et al. Intermittent claudication: an objective office-based assessment. J Am Coll Cardiol 37 (2001), 1381–1385.
112. 112 Biotteau, E., Mahe, G., Rousseau, P., et al. Transcutaneous oxygen pressure measurements in diabetic and non-diabetic patients clinically suspected of severe limb ischemia: a matched paired retrospective analysis. Int Angiol 28 (2009), 479–483.
113. 113 Yamada, T., Ohta, T., Ishibashi, H., et al. Clinical reliability and utility of skin perfusion pressure measurement in ischemic limbs—comparison with other noninvasive diagnostic methods. J Vasc Surg 47 (2008), 318–323.
114. 114 Castronuovo, J.J., Adera, H.M., Smiell, J.M., et al. Skin perfusion pressure measurement is valuable in the diagnosis of critical limb ischemia. J Vasc Surg 26 (1997), 629–637.
115. 115 Bunte, M.C., Jacob, J., Nudelman, B., et al. Validation of the relationship between ankle-brachial and toe-brachial indices and infragenicular arterial patency in critical limb ischemia. Vasc Med 20 (2015), 23–29.
116. 116 Shishehbor, M.H., Hammad, T.A., Zeller, T., et al. An analysis of IN.PACT DEEP randomized trial on the limitations of the societal guidelines-recommended hemodynamic parameters to diagnose critical limb ischemia. J Vasc Surg 63 (2016), 1311–1317.
117. 117 Fife, C.E., Smart, D.R., Sheffield, P.J., et al. Transcutaneous oximetry in clinical practice: consensus statements from an expert panel based on evidence. Undersea Hyperb Med 36 (2009), 43–53.
118. 118 Burbelko, M., Augsten, M., Kalinowski, M.O., et al. Comparison of contrast-enhanced multi-station MR angiography and digital subtraction angiography of the lower extremity arterial disease. J Magn Reson Imaging 37 (2013), 1427–1435.
119. 119 Söderstrom, M., Albäck, A., Biancari, F., et al. Angiosome-targeted infrapopliteal endovascular revascularization for treatment of diabetic foot ulcers. J Vasc Surg 57 (2013), 427–435.
120. 120 Shareghi, S., Gopal, A., Gul, K., et al. Diagnostic accuracy of 64 multidetector computed tomographic angiography in peripheral vascular disease. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 75 (2010), 23–31.
121. 121 Ota, H., Takase, K., Igarashi, K., et al. MDCT compared with digital subtraction angiography for assessment of lower extremity arterial occlusive disease: importance of reviewing cross-sectional images. AJR Am J Roentgenol 182 (2004), 201–209.
122. 122 de Vries, S.O., Hunink, M.G., Polak, J.F., Summary receiver operating characteristic curves as a technique for meta-analysis of the diagnostic performance of duplex ultrasonography in peripheral arterial disease. Acad Radiol 3 (1996), 361–369.
123. 123 Andreucci, M., Solomon, R., Tasanarong, A., Side effects of radiographic contrast media: pathogenesis, risk factors, and prevention. Biomed Res Int, 2014, 2014, 741018.
124. 124 Stacul, F., van der Molen, A.J., Reimer, P., et al. Contrast induced nephropathy: updated ESUR Contrast Media Safety Committee guidelines. Eur Radiol 21 (2011), 2527–2541.
125. 125 Zhang, B., Liang, L., Chen, W., et al. An updated study to determine association between gadolinium-based contrast agents and nephrogenic systemic fibrosis. PLoS ONE, 10, 2015, e0129720.
126. 126 McCullough, P.A., Capasso, P., Patient discomfort associated with the use of intra-arterial iodinated contrast media: a meta-analysis of comparative randomized controlled trials. BMC Med Imaging, 11, 2011, 12.
127. 127 Barba, A., Estallo, L., Rodríguez, L., et al. Detection of abdominal aortic aneurysm in patients with peripheral artery disease. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 30 (2005), 504–508.
128. 128 Kurvers, H.A., van der Graaf, Y., Blankensteijn, J.D., et al. Screening for asymptomatic internal carotid artery stenosis and aneurysm of the abdominal aorta: comparing the yield between patients with manifest atherosclerosis and patients with risk factors for atherosclerosis only. J Vasc Surg 37 (2003), 1226–1233.
129. 129 Giugliano, G., Laurenzano, E., Rengo, C., et al. Abdominal aortic aneurysm in patients affected by intermittent claudication: prevalence and clinical predictors. BMC Surg, 12(suppl 1), 2012, S17.
130. 130 Lee, J.Y., Lee, S.W., Lee, W.S., et al. Prevalence and clinical implications of newly revealed, asymptomatic abnormal ankle-brachial index in patients with significant coronary artery disease. J Am Coll Cardiol Intv 6 (2013), 1303–1313.
131. 131 McFalls, E.O., Ward, H.B., Moritz, T.E., et al. Coronary-artery revascularization before elective major vascular surgery. N Engl J Med 351 (2004), 2795–2804.
132. 132 Sultan, S., Chua, B.Y., Hamada, N., et al. Preoperative vascular screening in the presence of aortic, carotid and peripheral pathology for patients undergoing their first arterial intervention: 18 month follow-up. Int Angiol 32 (2013), 281–290.
133. 133 Hansen, K.J., Edwards, M.S., Craven, T.E., et al. Prevalence of renovascular disease in the elderly: a population-based study. J Vasc Surg 36 (2002), 443–451.
134. 134 Leertouwer, T.C., Pattynama, P.M., van den Berg-Huysmans, A., Incidental renal artery stenosis in peripheral vascular disease: a case for treatment?. Kidney Int 59 (2001), 1480–1483.
135. 135 Olin, J.W., Melia, M., Young, J.R., et al. Prevalence of atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis in patients with atherosclerosis elsewhere. Am J Med 88 (1990), 46N–51N.
136. 136 Krishnamurthy, V., Munir, K., Rectenwald, J.E., et al. Contemporary outcomes with percutaneous vascular interventions for peripheral critical limb ischemia in those with and without poly-vascular disease. Vasc Med 19 (2014), 491–499.
137. 137 Selvin, E., Hirsch, A.T., Contemporary risk factor control and walking dysfunction in individuals with peripheral arterial disease: NHANES 1999-2004. Atherosclerosis 201 (2008), 425–433.
138. 138 Pande, R.L., Perlstein, T.S., Beckman, J.A., et al. Secondary prevention and mortality in peripheral artery disease: National Health and Nutrition Examination Study, 1999 to 2004. Circulation 124 (2011), 17–23.
139. 139 Antithrombotic Trialists’ Collaboration. Collaborative meta-analysis of randomised trials of antiplatelet therapy for prevention of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke in high risk patients. BMJ 324 (2002), 71–86.
140. 140 Catalano, M., Born, G., Peto, R., Prevention of serious vascular events by aspirin amongst patients with peripheral arterial disease: randomized, double-blind trial. J Intern Med 261 (2007), 276–284.
141. 141 Berger, J.S., Krantz, M.J., Kittelson, J.M., et al. Aspirin for the prevention of cardiovascular events in patients with peripheral artery disease: a meta-analysis of randomized trials. JAMA 301 (2009), 1909–1919.
142. 142 CAPRIE Steering Committee. A randomised, blinded, trial of clopidogrel versus aspirin in patients at risk of ischaemic events (CAPRIE). Lancet 348 (1996), 1329–1339.
143. 143 Cacoub, P.P., Bhatt, D.L., Steg, P.G., et al. Patients with peripheral arterial disease in the CHARISMA trial. Eur Heart J 30 (2009), 192–201.
144. 144 Bhatt, D.L., Flather, M.D., Hacke, W., et al. Patients with prior myocardial infarction, stroke, or symptomatic peripheral arterial disease in the CHARISMA trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 49 (2007), 1982–1988.
145. 145 Tepe, G., Bantleon, R., Brechtel, K., et al. Management of peripheral arterial interventions with mono or dual antiplatelet therapy—the MIRROR study: a randomised and double-blinded clinical trial. Eur Radiol 22 (2012), 1998–2006.
146. 146 Armstrong, E.J., Anderson, D.R., Yeo, K.K., et al. Association of dual-antiplatelet therapy with reduced major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with symptomatic peripheral arterial disease. J Vasc Surg 62 (2015), 157–165.
147. 147 Strobl, F.F., Brechtel, K., Schmehl, J., et al. Twelve-month results of a randomized trial comparing mono with dual antiplatelet therapy in endovascularly treated patients with peripheral artery disease. J Endovasc Ther 20 (2013), 699–706.
148. 148 Belch, J.J., Dormandy, J., CASPAR Writing Committee, et al. Results of the randomized, placebo-controlled Clopidogrel and Acetylsalicylic Acid in Bypass Surgery for Peripheral Arterial Disease (CASPAR) trial. J Vasc Surg 52 (2010), 825–833.
149. oP-TIMI 50. Circulation 127 (2013), 1522–1529.
150. 150 Morrow, D.A., Braunwald, E., Bonaca, M.P., et al. Vorapaxar in the secondary prevention of atherothrombotic events. N Engl J Med 366 (2012), 1404–1413.
151. oP-TIMI 50. Circulation 132 (2015), 1871–1879.
152. oP-TIMI 50). Circulation 133 (2016), 997–1005.
153. 153 Kumbhani, D.J., Steg, P.G., Cannon, C.P., et al. Statin therapy and long-term adverse limb outcomes in patients with peripheral artery disease: insights from the REACH registry. Eur Heart J 35 (2014), 2864–2872.
154. 154 Vogel, T.R., Dombrovskiy, V.Y., Galiñanes, E.L., et al. Preoperative statins and limb salvage after lower extremity revascularization in the Medicare population. Circ Cardiovasc Interv 6 (2013), 694–700.
155. 155 Heart Protection Study Collaborative Group. Randomized trial of the effects of cholesterol-lowering with simvastatin on peripheral vascular and other major vascular outcomes in 20,536 people with peripheral arterial disease and other high-risk conditions. J Vasc Surg 45 (2007), 645–654.
156. 156 Mohler, E.R., Hiatt, W.R., Creager, M.A., Cholesterol reduction with atorvastatin improves walking distance in patients with peripheral arterial disease. Circulation 108 (2003), 1481–1486.
157. 157 Aung, P.P., Maxwell, H.G., Jepson, R.G., et al. Lipid-lowering for peripheral arterial disease of the lower limb. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2007, CD000123.
158. 158 Bavry, A.A., Anderson, R.D., Gong, Y., et al. Outcomes Among hypertensive patients with concomitant peripheral and coronary artery disease: findings from the INternational VErapamil-SR/Trandolapril STudy. Hypertension 55 (2010), 48–53.
159. 159 Feringa, H.H., van Waning, V.H., Bax, J.J., et al. Cardioprotective medication is associated with improved survival in patients with peripheral arterial disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 47 (2006), 1182–1187.
160. 160 Sleight, P., The HOPE Study (Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation). J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 1 (2000), 18–20.
161. 161 Yusuf, S., Teo, K.K., Pogue, J., et al. Telmisartan, ramipril, or both in patients at high risk for vascular events. N Engl J Med 358 (2008), 1547–1559.
162. 162 ALLHAT Officers and Coordinators for the ALLHAT Collaborative Research Group. The Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial. Major outcomes in high-risk hypertensive patients randomized to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or calcium channel blocker vs diuretic: The Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT). JAMA 288 (2002), 2981–2997.
163. 163 Diehm, C., Pittrow, D., Lawall, H., Effect of nebivolol vs. hydrochlorothiazide on the walking capacity in hypertensive patients with intermittent claudication. J Hypertens 29 (2011), 1448–1456.
164. 164 Paravastu, S.C., Mendonca, D.A., Da Silva, A., Beta blockers for peripheral arterial disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2013, CD005508.
165. 165 Espinola-Klein, C., Weisser, G., Jagodzinski, A., et al. β-Blockers in patients with intermittent claudication and arterial hypertension: results from the nebivolol or metoprolol in arterial occlusive disease trial. Hypertension 58 (2011), 148–154.
166. 166 Piller, L.B., Simpson, L.M., Baraniuk, S., et al. Characteristics and long-term follow-up of participants with peripheral arterial disease during ALLHAT. J Gen Intern Med 29 (2014), 1475–1483.
167. 167 Zanchetti, A., Julius, S., Kjeldsen, S., et al. Outcomes in subgroups of hypertensive patients treated with regimens based on valsartan and amlodipine: an analysis of findings from the VALUE trial. J Hypertens 24 (2006), 2163–2168.
168. 168 Ostergren, J., Sleight, P., Dagenais, G., et al. Impact of ramipril in patients with evidence of clinical or subclinical peripheral arterial disease. Eur Heart J 25 (2004), 17–24.
169. 169 Yusuf, S., Sleight, P., Pogue, J., et al. Effects of an angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor, ramipril, on cardiovascular events in high-risk patients. The Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation Study Investigators. N Engl J Med 342 (2000), 145–153.
170. 170 Hennrikus, D., Joseph, A.M., Lando, H.A., et al. Effectiveness of a smoking cessation program for peripheral artery disease patients: a randomized controlled trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 56 (2010), 2105–2112.
171. 171 Stead, L.F., Buitrago, D., Preciado, N., et al. Physician advice for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2013, CD000165.
172. 172 Hoel, A.W., Nolan, B.W., Goodney, P.P., et al. Variation in smoking cessation after vascular operations. J Vasc Surg 57 (2013), 1338–1344.
173. 173 Willigendael, E.M., Teijink, J.A., Bartelink, M.L., et al. Influence of smoking on incidence and prevalence of peripheral arterial disease. J Vasc Surg 40 (2004), 1158–1165.
174. 174 Duval, S., Long, K.H., Roy, S.S., et al. The contribution of tobacco use to high health care utilization and medical costs in peripheral artery disease: a state-based cohort analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol 66 (2015), 1566–1574.
175. 175 Bhatnagar, A., Whitsel, L.P., Ribisl, K.M., et al. Electronic cigarettes: a policy statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation 130 (2014), 1418–1436.
176. 176 Armstrong, E.J., Wu, J., Singh, G.D., et al. Smoking cessation is associated with decreased mortality and improved amputation-free survival among patients with symptomatic peripheral artery disease. J Vasc Surg 60 (2014), 1565–1571.
177. 177 Clair, C., Rigotti, N.A., Porneala, B., et al. Association of smoking cessation and weight change with cardiovascular disease among adults with and without diabetes. JAMA 309 (2013), 1014–1021.
178. 178 Selvarajah, S., Black, J.H. 3rd, Malas, M.B., et al. Preoperative smoking is associated with early graft failure after infrainguinal bypass surgery. J Vasc Surg 59 (2014), 1308–1314.
179. 179 Patnode, C.D., Henderson, J.T., Thompson, J.H., et al. Behavioral counseling and pharmacotherapy interventions for tobacco cessation in adults, including pregnant women: a review of reviews for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. 2015, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US), Rockville (MD) Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK321744/ Accessed September 25, 2016.
180. 180 Rigotti, N.A., Pipe, A.L., Benowitz, N.L., et al. Efficacy and safety of varenicline for smoking cessation in patients with cardiovascular disease: a randomized trial. Circulation 121 (2010), 221–229.
181. 181 Rigotti, N.A., Regan, S., Levy, D.E., et al. Sustained care intervention and postdischarge smoking cessation among hospitalized adults: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA 312 (2014), 719–728.
182. 182 Tonstad, S., Farsang, C., Klaene, G., et al. Bupropion SR for smoking cessation in smokers with cardiovascular disease: a multicentre, randomised study. Eur Heart J 24 (2003), 946–955.
183. 183 Mills, E.J., Thorlund, K., Eapen, S., et al. Cardiovascular events associated with smoking cessation pharmacotherapies: a network meta-analysis. Circulation 129 (2014), 28–41.
184. 184 Prochaska, J.J., Hilton, J.F., Risk of cardiovascular serious adverse events associated with varenicline use for tobacco cessation: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ, 344, 2012, e2856.
185. 185 Tan, C.E., Glantz, S.A., Association between smoke-free legislation and hospitalizations for cardiac, cerebrovascular, and respiratory diseases: a meta-analysis. Circulation 126 (2012), 2177–2183.
186. 186 Lu, L., Mackay, D.F., Pell, J.P., Association between level of exposure to secondhand smoke and peripheral arterial disease: cross-sectional study of 5,686 never smokers. Atherosclerosis 229 (2013), 273–276.
187. 187 Criqui, M.H., Aboyans, V., Epidemiology of peripheral artery disease. Circ Res 116 (2015), 1509–1526.
188. 188 Resnick, H.E., Lindsay, R.S., McDermott, M.M., et al. Relationship of high and low ankle brachial index to all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality: the Strong Heart Study. Circulation 109 (2004), 733–739.
189. 189 Jude, E.B., Oyibo, S.O., Chalmers, N., et al. Peripheral arterial disease in diabetic and nondiabetic patients: a comparison of severity and outcome. Diabetes Care 24 (2001), 1433–1437.
190. 190 American Diabetes Association. Peripheral arterial disease in people with diabetes. Diabetes Care 26 (2003), 3333–3341.
191. 191 Singh, S., Armstrong, E.J., Sherif, W., et al. Association of elevated fasting glucose with lower patency and increased major adverse limb events among patients with diabetes undergoing infrapopliteal balloon angioplasty. Vasc Med 19 (2014), 307–314.
192. 192 Takahara, M., Kaneto, H., Iida, O., et al. The influence of glycemic control on the prognosis of Japanese patients undergoing percutaneous transluminal angioplasty for critical limb ischemia. Diabetes Care 33 (2010), 2538–2542.
193. 193 Sarac, T.P., Huber, T.S., Back, M.R., et al. Warfarin improves the outcome of infrainguinal vein bypass grafting at high risk for failure. J Vasc Surg 28 (1998), 446–457.
194. 194 Efficacy of oral anticoagulants compared with aspirin after infrainguinal bypass surgery (The Dutch Bypass Oral Anticoagulants or Aspirin Study): a randomised trial. Lancet 355 (2000), 346–351.
195. 195 Bedenis, R., Lethaby, A., Maxwell, H., et al. Antiplatelet agents for preventing thrombosis after peripheral arterial bypass surgery. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2015, CD000535.
196. 196 Johnson, W.C., Williford, W.O., Department of Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study #362. Benefits, morbidity, and mortality associated with long-term administration of oral anticoagulant therapy to patients with peripheral arterial bypass procedures: a prospective randomized study. J Vasc Surg 35 (2002), 413–421.
197. 197 Alonso-Coello, P., Bellmunt, S., McGorrian, C., et al. Antithrombotic therapy in peripheral artery disease: Antithrombotic Therapy and Prevention of Thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines. Chest 141 (2012), e669S–e690S.
198. 198 Anand, S., Yusuf, S., Xie, C., et al. Oral anticoagulant and antiplatelet therapy and peripheral arterial disease. N Engl J Med 357 (2007), 217–227.
199. 199 Bedenis, R., Stewart, M., Cleanthis, M., et al. Cilostazol for intermittent claudication. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2014, CD003748.
200. 200 Dawson, D.L., Cutler, B.S., Hiatt, W.R., et al. A comparison of cilostazol and pentoxifylline for treating intermittent claudication. Am J Med 109 (2000), 523–530.
201. 201 Pletal (cilostazol). Rockville, MD: Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Inc.; [Package insert]. 1999.
202. 202 Lee, C., Nelson, P.R., Effect of cilostazol prescribed in a pragmatic treatment program for intermittent claudication. Vasc Endovascular Surg 48 (2014), 224–229.
203. 203 Salhiyyah, K., Senanayake, E., Abdel-Hadi, M., et al. Pentoxifylline for intermittent claudication. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 1, 2012, CD005262.
204. 204 Villarruz, M.V., Dans, A., Tan, F., Chelation therapy for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2002, CD002785.
205. 205 Lonn, E., Held, C., Arnold, J.M., et al. Rationale, design and baseline characteristics of a large, simple, randomized trial of combined folic acid and vitamins B6 and B12 in high-risk patients: the Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation (HOPE)-2 trial. Can J Cardiol 22 (2006), 47–53.
206. 206 Lonn, E., Yusuf, S., Arnold, M.J., et al. Homocysteine lowering with folic acid and B vitamins in vascular disease. N Engl J Med 354 (2006), 1567–1577.
207. 207 Khandanpour, N., Loke, Y.K., Meyer, F.J., et al. Homocysteine and peripheral arterial disease: systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 38 (2009), 316–322.
208. 208 Gurfinkel, E.P., Leon de la Fuente, R., Mendiz, O., et al. Flu vaccination in acute coronary syndromes and planned percutaneous coronary interventions (FLUVACS) Study. Eur Heart J 25 (2004), 25–31.
209. 209 Ciszewski, A., Bilinska, Z.T., Brydak, L.B., et al. Influenza vaccination in secondary prevention from coronary ischaemic events in coronary artery disease: FLUCAD study. Eur Heart J 29 (2008), 1350–1358.
210. 210 Brenner, I., Parry, M., Brown, C.A., Exercise interventions for patients with peripheral arterial disease: a review of the literature. Phys Sportsmed 40 (2012), 41–55.
211. 211 Lane, R., Ellis, B., Watson, L., et al. Exercise for intermittent claudication. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2014, CD000990.
212. 212 Allen, J.D., Stabler, T., Kenjale, A.A., et al. Diabetes status differentiates endothelial function and plasma nitrite response to exercise stress in peripheral arterial disease following supervised training. J Diabetes Complicat 28 (2014), 219–225.
213. 213 Gardner, A.W., Parker, D.E., Montgomery, P.S., et al. Efficacy of quantified home-based exercise and supervised exercise in patients with intermittent claudication: a randomized controlled trial. Circulation 123 (2011), 491–498.
214. 214 Guidon, M., McGee, H., One-year effect of a supervised exercise programme on functional capacity and quality of life in peripheral arterial disease. Disabil Rehabil 35 (2013), 397–404.
215. 215 Saxton, J.M., Zwierska, I., Blagojevic, M., et al. Upper- versus lower-limb aerobic exercise training on health-related quality of life in patients with symptomatic peripheral arterial disease. J Vasc Surg 53 (2011), 1265–1273.
216. 216 Gommans, L.N., Fokkenrood, H.J., van Dalen, H.C., et al. Safety of supervised exercise therapy in patients with intermittent claudication. J Vasc Surg 61 (2015), 512–518.
217. 217 Mazari, F.A., Gulati, S., Rahman, M.N., et al. Early outcomes from a randomized, controlled trial of supervised exercise, angioplasty, and combined therapy in intermittent claudication. Ann Vasc Surg 24 (2010), 69–79.
218. 218 Fakhry, F., Spronk, S., van der Laan, L., et al. Endovascular revascularization and supervised exercise for peripheral artery disease and intermittent claudication: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA 314 (2015), 1936–1944.
219. 219 Langbein, W.E., Collins, E.G., Orebaugh, C., et al. Increasing exercise tolerance of persons limited by claudication pain using polestriding. J Vasc Surg 35 (2002), 887–893.
220. 220 Walker, R.D., Nawaz, S., Wilkinson, C.H., et al. Influence of upper- and lower-limb exercise training on cardiovascular function and walking distances in patients with intermittent claudication. J Vasc Surg 31 (2000), 662–669.
221. 221 Mika, P., Konik, A., Januszek, R., et al. Comparison of two treadmill training programs on walking ability and endothelial function in intermittent claudication. Int J Cardiol 168 (2013), 838–842.
222. 222 Dorresteijn, J.A., Kriegsman, D.M., Assendelft, W.J., et al. Patient education for preventing diabetic foot ulceration. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2014, CD001488.
223. 223 Miller, J.D., Carter, E., Shih, J., et al. How to do a 3-minute diabetic foot exam. J Fam Pract 63 (2014), 646–656.
224. 224 Gardner, S.E., Hillis, S.L., Frantz, R.A., Clinical signs of infection in diabetic foot ulcers with high microbial load. Biol Res Nurs 11 (2009), 119–128.
225. 225 Lipsky, B.A., Berendt, A.R., Cornia, P.B., et al. 2012 Infectious Diseases Society of America clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of diabetic foot infections. Clin Infect Dis 54 (2012), e132–e173.
226. 226 Pickwell, K., Siersma, V., Kars, M., et al. Predictors of lower-extremity amputation in patients with an infected diabetic foot ulcer. Diabetes Care 38 (2015), 852–857.
227. 227 Dinh, M.T., Abad, C.L., Safdar, N., Diagnostic accuracy of the physical examination and imaging tests for osteomyelitis underlying diabetic foot ulcers: meta-analysis. Clin Infect Dis 47 (2008), 519–527.
228. 228 Prompers, L., Schaper, N., Apelqvist, J., et al. Prediction of outcome in individuals with diabetic foot ulcers: focus on the differences between individuals with and without peripheral arterial disease. The EURODIALE Study. Diabetologia 51 (2008), 747–755.
229. 229 Vartanian, S.M., Robinson, K.D., Ofili, K., et al. Outcomes of neuroischemic wounds treated by a multidisciplinary amputation prevention service. Ann Vasc Surg 29 (2015), 534–542.
230. 230 Clerici, G., Faglia, E., Saving the limb in diabetic patients with ischemic foot lesions complicated by acute infection. Int J Low Extrem Wounds 13 (2014), 273–293.
231. 231 Lavery, L.A., Peters, E.J., Williams, J.R., et al. Reevaluating the way we classify the diabetic foot: restructuring the diabetic foot risk classification system of the International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot. Diabetes Care 31 (2008), 154–156.
232. 232 Nordanstig, J., Taft, C., Hensäter, M., et al. Improved quality of life after 1 year with an invasive versus a noninvasive treatment strategy in claudicants: one-year results of the Invasive Revascularization or Not in Intermittent Claudication (IRONIC) Trial. Circulation 130 (2014), 939–947.
233. 233 Malgor, R.D., Alahdab, F., Elraiyah, T.A., et al. A systematic review of treatment of intermittent claudication in the lower extremities. J Vasc Surg 61 (2015), 54S–73S.
234. 234 Leng, G.C., Lee, A.J., Fowkes, F.G., et al. Incidence, natural history and cardiovascular events in symptomatic and asymptomatic peripheral arterial disease in the general population. Int J Epidemiol 25 (1996), 1172–1181.
235. 235 Dormandy, J., Mahir, M., Ascady, G., et al. Fate of the patient with chronic leg ischaemia. A review article. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino) 30 (1989), 50–57.
236. 236 Jelnes, R., Gaardsting, O., Hougaard Jensen, K., et al. Fate in intermittent claudication: outcome and risk factors. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 293 (1986), 1137–1140.
237. 237 Bloor, K., Natural history of arteriosclerosis of the lower extremities: Hunterian lecture delivered at the Royal College of Surgeons of England on 22nd April 1960. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 28 (1961), 36–52.
238. 238 Tetteroo, E., van Engelen, A.D., Spithoven, J.H., et al. Stent placement after iliac angioplasty: comparison of hemodynamic and angiographic criteria. Dutch Iliac Stent Trial Study Group. Radiology 201 (1996), 155–159.
239. 239 Udoff, E.J., Barth, K.H., Harrington, D.P., et al. Hemodynamic significance of iliac artery stenosis: pressure measurements during angiography. Radiology 132 (1979), 289–293.
240. 240 Spronk, S., Bosch, J.L., den Hoed, P.T., et al. Intermittent claudication: clinical effectiveness of endovascular revascularization versus supervised hospital-based exercise training—randomized controlled trial. Radiology 250 (2009), 586–595.
241. 241 Gelin, J., Jivegård, L., Taft, C., et al. Treatment efficacy of intermittent claudication by surgical intervention, supervised physical exercise training compared to no treatment in unselected randomised patients, I: one year results of functional and physiological improvements. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 22 (2001), 107–113.
242. 242 Greenhalgh, R.M., Belch, J.J., Brown, L.C., et al. The adjuvant benefit of angioplasty in patients with mild to moderate intermittent claudication (MIMIC) managed by supervised exercise, smoking cessation advice and best medical therapy: results from two randomised trials for stenotic femoropopliteal and aortoiliac arterial disease. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 36 (2008), 680–688.
243. 243 Hobbs, S.D., Marshall, T., Fegan, C., et al. The constitutive procoagulant and hypofibrinolytic state in patients with intermittent claudication due to infrainguinal disease significantly improves with percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty. J Vasc Surg 43 (2006), 40–46.
244. 244 Mazari, F.A., Khan, J.A., Carradice, D., et al. Randomized clinical trial of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty, supervised exercise and combined treatment for intermittent claudication due to femoropopliteal arterial disease. Br J Surg 99 (2012), 39–48.
245. 245 Nordanstig, J., Gelin, J., Hensäter, M., et al. Walking performance and health-related quality of life after surgical or endovascular invasive versus non-invasive treatment for intermittent claudication—a prospective randomised trial. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 42 (2011), 220–227.
246. 246 Nylaende, M., Abdelnoor, M., Stranden, E., et al. The Oslo Balloon Angioplasty versus Conservative Treatment study (OBACT)—the 2-years results of a single centre, prospective, randomised study in patients with intermittent claudication. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 33 (2007), 3–12.
247. 247 Perkins, J.M., Collin, J., Creasy, T.S., et al. Reprinted article “Exercise training versus angioplasty for stable claudication. Long and medium term results of a prospective, randomised trial.”. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 42:suppl 1 (2011), S41–S45.
248. 248 Spronk, S., Bosch, J.L., den Hoed, P.T., et al. Cost-effectiveness of endovascular revascularization compared to supervised hospital-based exercise training in patients with intermittent claudication: a randomized controlled trial. J Vasc Surg 48 (2008), 1472–1480.
249. 249 Taft, C., Karlsson, J., Gelin, J., et al. Treatment efficacy of intermittent claudication by invasive therapy, supervised physical exercise training compared to no treatment in unselected randomised patients, II: one-year results of health-related quality of life. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 22 (2001), 114–123.
250. 250 Whyman, M.R., Fowkes, F.G., Kerracher, E.M., et al. Randomised controlled trial of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty for intermittent claudication. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 12 (1996), 167–172.
251. 251 Whyman, M.R., Fowkes, F.G., Kerracher, E.M., et al. Is intermittent claudication improved by percutaneous transluminal angioplasty? A randomized controlled trial. J Vasc Surg 26 (1997), 551–557.
252. 252 Capek, P., McLean, G.K., Berkowitz, H.D., Femoropopliteal angioplasty. Factors influencing long-term success. Circulation 83 (1991), I70–I80.
253. 253 Löfberg, A.M., Karacagil, S., Ljungman, C., et al. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of the femoropopliteal arteries in limbs with chronic critical lower limb ischemia. J Vasc Surg 34 (2001), 114–121.
254. 254 Clark, T.W., Groffsky, J.L., Soulen, M.C., Predictors of long-term patency after femoropopliteal angioplasty: results from the STAR registry. J Vasc Interv Radiol 12 (2001), 923–933.
255. 255 Johnston, K.W., Rae, M., Hogg-Johnston, S.A., et al. 5-year results of a prospective study of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. Ann Surg 206 (1987), 403–413.
256. 256 Schulte, K.L., Pilger, E., Schellong, S., et al. Primary self-expanding nitinol stenting vs balloon angioplasty with optional bailout stenting for the treatment of infrapopliteal artery disease in patients with severe intermittent claudication or critical limb ischemia (EXPAND Study). J Endovasc Ther 22 (2015), 690–697.
257. 257 Rastan, A., Tepe, G., Krankenberg, H., et al. Sirolimus-eluting stents vs. bare-metal stents for treatment of focal lesions in infrapopliteal arteries: a double-blind, multi-centre, randomized clinical trial. Eur Heart J 32 (2011), 2274–2281.
258. 258 Siablis, D., Kitrou, P.M., Spiliopoulos, S., et al. Paclitaxel-coated balloon angioplasty versus drug-eluting stenting for the treatment of infrapopliteal long-segment arterial occlusive disease: the IDEAS randomized controlled trial. J Am Coll Cardiol Intv 7 (2014), 1048–1056.
259. 259 Sachs, T., Pomposelli, F., Hamdan, A., et al. Trends in the national outcomes and costs for claudication and limb threatening ischemia: angioplasty vs bypass graft. J Vasc Surg 54 (2011), 1021–1031.
260. 260 Shammas, N.W., Shammas, G.A., Dippel, E.J., et al. Predictors of distal embolization in peripheral percutaneous interventions: a report from a large peripheral vascular registry. J Invasive Cardiol 21 (2009), 628–631.
261. 261 Matsi, P.J., Manninen, H.I., Complications of lower-limb percutaneous transluminal angioplasty: a prospective analysis of 410 procedures on 295 consecutive patients. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 21 (1998), 361–366.
262. 262 Kannel, W.B., Skinner, J.J., Schwartz, M.J., et al. Intermittent claudication. Incidence in the Framingham Study. Circulation 41 (1970), 875–883.
263. 263 AbuRahma, A.F., Robinson, P.A., Holt, S.M., Prospective controlled study of polytetrafluoroethylene versus saphenous vein in claudicant patients with bilateral above knee femoropopliteal bypasses. Surgery 126 (1999), 594–602.
264. 264 Archie, J.P., Femoropopliteal bypass with either adequate ipsilateral reversed saphenous vein or obligatory polytetrafluoroethylene. Ann Vasc Surg 8 (1994), 475–484.
265. 265 Eugster, T., Marti, R., Gurke, L., et al. Ten years after arterial bypass surgery for claudication: venous bypass is the primary procedure for TASC C and D lesions. World J Surg 35 (2011), 2328–2331.
266. 266 Green, R.M., Abbott, W.M., Matsumoto, T., et al. Prosthetic above-knee femoropopliteal bypass grafting: five-year results of a randomized trial. J Vasc Surg 31 (2000), 417–425.
267. 267 Hunink, M.G., Wong, J.B., Donaldson, M.C., et al. Patency results of percutaneous and surgical revascularization for femoropopliteal arterial disease. Med Decis Making 14 (1994), 71–81.
268. 268 Johnson, W.C., Lee, K.K., Comparative evaluation of externally supported Dacron and polytetrafluoroethylene prosthetic bypasses for femorofemoral and axillofemoral arterial reconstructions. Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study #141. J Vasc Surg 30 (1999), 1077–1083.
269. 269 Klinkert, P., Schepers, A., Burger, D.H., et al. Vein versus polytetrafluoroethylene in above-knee femoropopliteal bypass grafting: five-year results of a randomized controlled trial. J Vasc Surg 37 (2003), 149–155.
270. 270 Twine, C.P., McLain, A.D., Graft type for femoro-popliteal bypass surgery. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2010, CD001487.
271. 271 Pereira, C.E., Albers, M., Romiti, M., et al. Meta-analysis of femoropopliteal bypass grafts for lower extremity arterial insufficiency. J Vasc Surg 44 (2006), 510–517.
272. 272 Johnson, W.C., Lee, K.K., A comparative evaluation of polytetrafluoroethylene, umbilical vein, and saphenous vein bypass grafts for femoral-popliteal above-knee revascularization: a prospective randomized Department of Veterans Affairs cooperative study. J Vasc Surg 32 (2000), 268–277.
273. 273 Jensen, L.P., Lepäntalo, M., Fossdal, J.E., et al. Dacron or PTFE for above-knee femoropopliteal bypass. a multicenter randomised study. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 34 (2007), 44–49.
274. 274 van Det, R.J., Vriens, B.H., van der Palen, J., et al. Dacron or ePTFE for femoro-popliteal above-knee bypass grafting: short- and long-term results of a multicentre randomised trial. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 37 (2009), 457–463.
275. 275 Feinglass, J., McCarthy, W.J., Slavensky, R., et al. Functional status and walking ability after lower extremity bypass grafting or angioplasty for intermittent claudication: results from a prospective outcomes study. J Vasc Surg 31 (2000), 93–103.
276. 276 Koivunen, K., Lukkarinen, H., One-year prospective health-related quality-of-life outcomes in patients treated with conservative method, endovascular treatment or open surgery for symptomatic lower limb atherosclerotic disease. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs 7 (2008), 247–256.
277. 277 Mori, E., Komori, K., Kume, M., et al. Comparison of the long-term results between surgical and conservative treatment in patients with intermittent claudication. Surgery 131 (2002), S269–S274.
278. 278 Antoniou, G.A., Chalmers, N., Georgiadis, G.S., et al. A meta-analysis of endovascular versus surgical reconstruction of femoropopliteal arterial disease. J Vasc Surg 57 (2013), 242–253.
279. 279 Fowkes, F., Leng, G.C., Bypass surgery for chronic lower limb ischaemia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2008, CD002000.
280. 280 Aihara, H., Soga, Y., Mii, S., et al. Comparison of long-term outcome after endovascular therapy versus bypass surgery in claudication patients with Trans-Atlantic Inter-Society Consensus-II C and D femoropopliteal disease. Circ J 78 (2014), 457–464.
281. 281 Chiesa, R., Marone, E.M., Tshomba, Y., et al. Aortobifemoral bypass grafting using expanded polytetrafluoroethylene stretch grafts in patients with occlusive atherosclerotic disease. Ann Vasc Surg 23 (2009), 764–769.
282. 282 Goodney, P.P., Likosky, D.S., Cronenwett, J.L., et al. Predicting ambulation status one year after lower extremity bypass. J Vasc Surg 49 (2009), 1431–1439.
283. 283 Lo, R.C., Bensley, R.P., Dahlberg, S.E., et al. Presentation, treatment, and outcome differences between men and women undergoing revascularization or amputation for lower extremity peripheral arterial disease. J Vasc Surg 59 (2014), 409–418.
284. 284 Nguyen, B.N., Amdur, R.L., Abugideiri, M., et al. Postoperative complications after common femoral endarterectomy. J Vasc Surg 61 (2015), 1489–1494.
285. 285 Sachwani, G.R., Hans, S.S., Khoury, M.D., et al. Results of iliac stenting and aortofemoral grafting for iliac artery occlusions. J Vasc Surg 57 (2013), 1030–1037.
286. 286 Siracuse, J.J., Gill, H.L., Schneider, D.B., et al. Assessing the perioperative safety of common femoral endarterectomy in the endovascular era. Vasc Endovascular Surg 48 (2014), 27–33.
287. 287 Veith, F.J., Gupta, S.K., Ascer, E., et al. Six-year prospective multicenter randomized comparison of autologous saphenous vein and expanded polytetrafluoroethylene grafts in infrainguinal arterial reconstructions. J Vasc Surg 3 (1986), 104–114.
288. 288 Schweiger, H., Klein, P., Lang, W., Tibial bypass grafting for limb salvage with ringed polytetrafluoroethylene prostheses: results of primary and secondary procedures. J Vasc Surg 18 (1993), 867–874.
289. 289 Baldwin, Z.K., Pearce, B.J., Curi, M.A., et al. Limb salvage after infrainguinal bypass graft failure. J Vasc Surg 39 (2004), 951–957.
290. 290 Abu Dabrh, A.M., Steffen, M.W., Undavalli, C., et al. The natural history of untreated severe or critical limb ischemia. J Vasc Surg 62 (2015), 1642–1651.
291. 291 Deleted in press.
292. 292 Adam, D.J., Beard, J.D., Cleveland, T., et al. Bypass versus angioplasty in severe ischaemia of the leg (BASIL): multicentre, randomised controlled trial. Lancet 366 (2005), 1925–1934.
293. 293 Bradbury, A.W., Adam, D.J., Bell, J., et al. Multicentre randomised controlled trial of the clinical and cost-effectiveness of a bypass-surgery-first versus a balloon-angioplasty-first revascularisation strategy for severe limb ischaemia due to infrainguinal disease. The Bypass versus Angioplasty in Severe Ischaemia of the Leg (BASIL) trial. Health Technol Assess 14 (2010), 1–210 iii–iv.
294. 294 Panaich, S.S., Arora, S., Patel, N., et al. Intravascular ultrasound in lower extremity peripheral vascular interventions: variation in utilization and impact on in-hospital outcomes from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (2006-2011). J Endovasc Ther 23 (2016), 65–75.
295. 295 Gray, B.H., Laird, J.R., Ansel, G.M., et al. Complex endovascular treatment for critical limb ischemia in poor surgical candidates: a pilot study. J Endovasc Ther 9 (2002), 599–604.
296. 296 Ryer, E.J., Trocciola, S.M., DeRubertis, B., et al. Analysis of outcomes following failed endovascular treatment of chronic limb ischemia. Ann Vasc Surg 20 (2006), 440–446.
297. 297 Krankenberg, H., Schlüter, M., Steinkamp, H.J., et al. Nitinol stent implantation versus percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in superficial femoral artery lesions up to 10 cm in length: the Femoral Artery Stenting Trial (FAST). Circulation 116 (2007), 285–292.
298. 298 Schillinger, M., Sabeti, S., Dick, P., et al. Sustained benefit at 2 years of primary femoropopliteal stenting compared with balloon angioplasty with optional stenting. Circulation 115 (2007), 2745–2749.
299. 299 Liistro, F., Porto, I., Angioli, P., et al. Drug-eluting balloon in peripheral intervention for below the knee angioplasty evaluation (DEBATE-BTK): a randomized trial in diabetic patients with critical limb ischemia. Circulation 128 (2013), 615–621.
300. 300 Tepe, G., Schnorr, B., Albrecht, T., et al. Angioplasty of femoral-popliteal arteries with drug-coated balloons: 5-year follow-up of the THUNDER trial. J Am Coll Cardiol Intv. 8 (2015), 102–108.
301. 301 Dake, M.D., Ansel, G.M., Jaff, M.R., et al. Durable clinical effectiveness with paclitaxel-eluting stents in the femoropopliteal artery: 5-year results of the Zilver PTX Randomized Trial. Circulation 133 (2016), 1472–1483.
302. 302 Liistro, F., Grotti, S., Porto, I., et al. Drug-eluting balloon in peripheral intervention for the superficial femoral artery: the DEBATE-SFA randomized trial (drug eluting balloon in peripheral intervention for the superficial femoral artery). J Am Coll Cardiol Intv 6 (2013), 1295–1302.
303. 303 Bosiers, M., Scheinert, D., Peeters, P., et al. Randomized comparison of everolimus-eluting versus bare-metal stents in patients with critical limb ischemia and infrapopliteal arterial occlusive disease. J Vasc Surg 55 (2012), 390–398.
304. 304 Katsanos, K., Spiliopoulos, S., Diamantopoulos, A., et al. Wound healing outcomes and health-related quality-of-life changes in the ACHILLES trial: 1-year results from a prospective randomized controlled trial of infrapopliteal balloon angioplasty versus sirolimus-eluting stenting in patients with ischemic peripheral arterial disease. J Am Coll Cardiol Intv 9 (2016), 259–267.
305. 305 Scheinert, D., Katsanos, K., Zeller, T., et al. A prospective randomized multicenter comparison of balloon angioplasty and infrapopliteal stenting with the sirolimus-eluting stent in patients with ischemic peripheral arterial disease: 1-year results from the ACHILLES trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 60 (2012), 2290–2295.
306. 306 Zeller, T., Baumgartner, I., Scheinert, D., et al. Drug-eluting balloon versus standard balloon angioplasty for infrapopliteal arterial revascularization in critical limb ischemia: 12-month results from the IN.PACT DEEP randomized trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 64 (2014), 1568–1576.
307. 307 Rosenfield, K., Jaff, M.R., White, C.J., et al. Trial of a paclitaxel-coated balloon for femoropopliteal artery disease. N Engl J Med 373 (2015), 145–153.
308. 308 Scheinert, D., Duda, S., Zeller, T., et al. The LEVANT I (Lutonix paclitaxel-coated balloon for the prevention of femoropopliteal restenosis) trial for femoropopliteal revascularization: first-in-human randomized trial of low-dose drug-coated balloon versus uncoated balloon angioplasty. J Am Coll Cardiol Intv 7 (2014), 10–19.
309. 309 Werk, M., Albrecht, T., Meyer, D.R., et al. Paclitaxel-coated balloons reduce restenosis after femoro-popliteal angioplasty: evidence from the randomized PACIFIER trial. Circ Cardiovasc Interv 5 (2012), 831–840.
310. 310 Acín, F., Varela, C., López de Maturana, I., et al. Results of infrapopliteal endovascular procedures performed in diabetic patients with critical limb ischemia and tissue loss from the perspective of an angiosome-oriented revascularization strategy. Int J Vasc Med, 2014, 2014, 270539.
311. 311 Alexandrescu, V.A., Hubermont, G., Philips, Y., et al. Selective primary angioplasty following an angiosome model of reperfusion in the treatment of Wagner 1-4 diabetic foot lesions: practice in a multidisciplinary diabetic limb service. J Endovasc Ther 15 (2008), 580–593.
312. 312 Azuma, N., Uchida, H., Kokubo, T., et al. Factors influencing wound healing of critical ischaemic foot after bypass surgery: is the angiosome important in selecting bypass target artery?. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 43 (2012), 322–328.
313. 313 Fossaceca, R., Guzzardi, G., Cerini, P., et al. Endovascular treatment of diabetic foot in a selected population of patients with below-the-knee disease: is the angiosome model effective?. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 36 (2013), 637–644.
314. 314 Iida, O., Soga, Y., Hirano, K., et al. Long-term results of direct and indirect endovascular revascularization based on the angiosome concept in patients with critical limb ischemia presenting with isolated below-the-knee lesions. J Vasc Surg 55 (2012), 363–370.
315. 315 Kabra, A., Suresh, K.R., Vivekanand, V., et al. Outcomes of angiosome and non-angiosome targeted revascularization in critical lower limb ischemia. J Vasc Surg 57 (2013), 44–49.
316. 316 Kret, M.R., Cheng, D., Azarbal, A.F., et al. Utility of direct angiosome revascularization and runoff scores in predicting outcomes in patients undergoing revascularization for critical limb ischemia. J Vasc Surg 59 (2014), 121–128.
317. 317 Lejay, A., Georg, Y., Tartaglia, E., et al. Long-term outcomes of direct and indirect below-the-knee open revascularization based on the angiosome concept in diabetic patients with critical limb ischemia. Ann Vasc Surg 28 (2014), 983–989.
318. 318 Neville, R.F., Attinger, C.E., Bulan, E.J., et al. Revascularization of a specific angiosome for limb salvage: does the target artery matter?. Ann Vasc Surg 23 (2009), 367–373.
319. 319 Osawa, S., Terashi, H., Tsuji, Y., et al. Importance of the six angiosomes concept through arterial-arterial connections in CLI. Int Angiol 32 (2013), 375–385.
320. 320 Rashid, H., Slim, H., Zayed, H., et al. The impact of arterial pedal arch quality and angiosome revascularization on foot tissue loss healing and infrapopliteal bypass outcome. J Vasc Surg 57 (2013), 1219–1226.
321. 321 Varela, C., Acín, F., de Haro, J., et al. The role of foot collateral vessels on ulcer healing and limb salvage after successful endovascular and surgical distal procedures according to an angiosome model. Vasc Endovascular Surg 44 (2010), 654–660.
322. 322 Bosanquet, D.C., Glasbey, J.C., Williams, I.M., et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis of direct versus indirect angiosomal revascularisation of infrapopliteal arteries. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 48 (2014), 88–97.
323. 323 Biancari, F., Juvonen, T., Angiosome-targeted lower limb revascularization for ischemic foot wounds: systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 47 (2014), 517–522.
324. 324 Eugster, T., Stierli, P., Guerke, L., et al. Present status of infrainguinal arterial bypass procedures following an all autogenous policy—long-term results of a single center. Swiss Surg 8 (2002), 171–175.
325. 325 Reifsnyder, T., Arhuidese, I.J., Hicks, C.W., et al. Contemporary outcomes for open infrainguinal bypass in the endovascular era. Ann Vasc Surg 30 (2016), 52–58.
326. 326 Chew, D.K., Conte, M.S., Donaldson, M.C., et al. Autogenous composite vein bypass graft for infrainguinal arterial reconstruction. J Vasc Surg 33 (2001), 259–264.
327. 327 Belkin, M., Conte, M.S., Donaldson, M.C., et al. Preferred strategies for secondary infrainguinal bypass: lessons learned from 300 consecutive reoperations. J Vasc Surg 21 (1995), 282–293.
328. 328 Fogle, M.A., Whittemore, A.D., Couch, N.P., et al. A comparison of in situ and reversed saphenous vein grafts for infrainguinal reconstruction. J Vasc Surg 5 (1987), 46–52.
329. 329 Leather, R.P., Karmody, A.M., In-situ saphenous vein arterial bypass for the treatment of limb ischemia. Adv Surg 19 (1986), 175–219.
330. 330 Taylor, L.M., Edwards, J.M., Porter, J.M., Present status of reversed vein bypass grafting: five-year results of a modern series. J Vasc Surg 11 (1990), 193–205.
331. 331 Nolan, B.W., De Martino, R.R., Stone, D.H., et al. Prior failed ipsilateral percutaneous endovascular intervention in patients with critical limb ischemia predicts poor outcome after lower extremity bypass. J Vasc Surg 54 (2011), 730–735.
332. 332 Santo, V.J., Dargon, P., Azarbal, A.F., et al. Lower extremity autologous vein bypass for critical limb ischemia is not adversely affected by prior endovascular procedure. J Vasc Surg 60 (2014), 129–135.
333. 333 Uhl, C., Hock, C., Betz, T., et al. Pedal bypass surgery after crural endovascular intervention. J Vasc Surg 59 (2014), 1583–1587.
334. 334 Nishibe, T., Maruno, K., Iwahori, A., et al. The role of common femoral artery endarterectomy in the endovascular era. Ann Vasc Surg 29 (2015), 1501–1507.
335. 335 Okadome, J., Matsumoto, T., Aoyagi, Y., et al. Long-term results of a hybrid revascularization procedure for peripheral arterial disease. Fukuoka Igaku Zasshi 106 (2015), 254–261.
336. 336 Starodubtsev, V., Karpenko, A., Ignatenko, P., Hybrid and open surgery of Trans-Atlantic Inter-Society II type C and D iliac occlusive disease and concomitant lesion of common femoral artery. Int Angiol 35 (2016), 484–491.
337. 337 Kasemi, H., Marino, M., Dionisi, C.P., et al. Seven-year approach evolution of the aortoiliac occlusive disease endovascular treatment. Ann Vasc Surg 30 (2016), 277–285.
338. 338 Bredahl, K., Jensen, L.P., Schroeder, T.V., et al. Mortality and complications after aortic bifurcated bypass procedures for chronic aortoiliac occlusive disease. J Vasc Surg 62 (2015), 75–82.
339. 339 Kobayashi, N., Hirano, K., Nakano, M., et al. Prognosis of critical limb ischemia patients with tissue loss after achievement of complete wound healing by endovascular therapy. J Vasc Surg 61 (2015), 951–959.
340. 340 Armstrong, D.G., Bharara, M., White, M., et al. The impact and outcomes of establishing an integrated interdisciplinary surgical team to care for the diabetic foot. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 28 (2012), 514–518.
341. 341 Chung, J., Modrall, J.G., Ahn, C., et al. Multidisciplinary care improves amputation-free survival in patients with chronic critical limb ischemia. J Vasc Surg 61 (2015), 162–169.
342. 342 García-Morales, E., Lázaro-Martínez, J.L., Aragón-Sánchez, J., et al. Surgical complications associated with primary closure in patients with diabetic foot osteomyelitis. Diabet Foot Ankle, 3, 2012, 19000.
343. 343 Berceli, S.A., Brown, J.E., Irwin, P.B., et al. Clinical outcomes after closed, staged, and open forefoot amputations. J Vasc Surg 44 (2006), 347–351.
344. 344 Shaikh, N., Vaughan, P., Varty, K., et al. Outcome of limited forefoot amputation with primary closure in patients with diabetes. Bone Joint J 95-B (2013), 1083–1087.
345. 345 Armstrong, D.G., Lavery, L.A., Diabetic Foot Study Consortium. Negative pressure wound therapy after partial diabetic foot amputation: a multicentre, randomised controlled trial. Lancet 366 (2005), 1704–1710.
346. 346 Sepúlveda, G., Espíndola, M., Maureira, M., et al. [Negative-pressure wound therapy versus standard wound dressing in the treatment of diabetic foot amputation. A randomised controlled trial]. Cir Esp 86 (2009), 171–177.
347. 347 Barshes, N.R., Gold, B., Garcia, A., et al. Minor amputation and palliative wound care as a strategy to avoid major amputation in patients with foot infections and severe peripheral arterial disease. Int J Low Extrem Wounds 13 (2014), 211–219.
348. 348 Fikri, R., Bicknell, C.D., Bloomfield, L.M., et al. Awaiting autoamputation: a primary management strategy for toe gangrene in diabetic foot disease. Diabetes Care, 34, 2011, e134.
349. 349 Centre for Clinical practice at NICE (UK). Diabetic Foot Problems: Inpatient Management of Diabetic Foot Problems. 2011, National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (UK), London Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK82350/ Accessed September 25, 2016.
350. 350 Lipsky, B.A., Aragón-Sánchez, J., Diggle, M., et al. IWGDF guidance on the diagnosis and management of foot infections in persons with diabetes. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 32:suppl 1 (2016), 45–74.
351. 351 Bus, S.A., van Deursen, R.W., Armstrong, D.G., et al. Footwear and offloading interventions to prevent and heal foot ulcers and reduce plantar pressure in patients with diabetes: a systematic review. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 32:suppl 1 (2016), 99–118.
352. 352 Game, F.L., Apelqvist, J., Attinger, C., et al. IWGDF guidance on use of interventions to enhance the healing of chronic ulcers of the foot in diabetes. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 32:suppl 1 (2016), 75–83.
353. 353 Moran, P.S., Teljeur, C., Harrington, P., et al. A systematic review of intermittent pneumatic compression for critical limb ischaemia. Vasc Med 20 (2015), 41–50.
354. 354 Abidia, A., Laden, G., Kuhan, G., et al. The role of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in ischaemic diabetic lower extremity ulcers: a double-blind randomised-controlled trial. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 25 (2003), 513–518.
355. 355 Kranke, P., Bennett, M.H., Martyn-St James, M., et al. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for chronic wounds. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2012, CD004123.
356. 356 Ruffolo, A.J., Romano, M., Ciapponi, A., Prostanoids for critical limb ischaemia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2010, CD006544.
357. 357 Baril, D.T., Patel, V.I., Judelson, D.R., et al. Outcomes of lower extremity bypass performed for acute limb ischemia. J Vasc Surg 58 (2013), 949–956.
358. 358 Londero, L.S., Nørgaard, B., Houlind, K., Patient delay is the main cause of treatment delay in acute limb ischemia: an investigation of pre- and in-hospital time delay. World J Emerg Surg, 9, 2014, 56.
359. 359 Manojlović, V., Popović, V., Nikolić, D., et al. Analysis of associated diseases in patients with acute critical lower limb ischemia. Med Pregl 66 (2013), 41–45.
360. 360 Duval, S., Keo, H.H., Oldenburg, N.C., et al. The impact of prolonged lower limb ischemia on amputation, mortality, and functional status: the FRIENDS registry. Am Heart J 168 (2014), 577–587.
361. 361 Morris-Stiff, G., D'Souza, J., Raman, S., et al. Update experience of surgery for acute limb ischaemia in a district general hospital—are we getting any better?. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 91 (2009), 637–640.
362. 362 Blaisdell, F.W., The pathophysiology of skeletal muscle ischemia and the reperfusion syndrome: a review. Cardiovasc Surg 10 (2002), 620–630.
363. 363 Saarinen, E., Vuorisalo, S., Kauhanen, P., et al. The benefit of revascularization in nonagenarians with lower limb ischemia is limited by high mortality. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 49 (2015), 420–425.
364. 364 Blaisdell, F.W., Steele, M., Allen, R.E., Management of acute lower extremity arterial ischemia due to embolism and thrombosis. Surgery 84 (1978), 822–834.
365. 365 Altoijry, A., MacKenzie, K.S., Corriveau, M.M., et al. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia causing graft thrombosis and bowel ischemia postendovascular aneurysm repair. J Vasc Surg 61 (2015), 234–236.
366. 366 Turba, U.C., Bozlar, U., Simsek, S., Catheter-directed thrombolysis of acute lower extremity arterial thrombosis in a patient with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 70 (2007), 1046–1050.
367. 367 Comerota, A.J., Weaver, F.A., Hosking, J.D., et al. Results of a prospective, randomized trial of surgery versus thrombolysis for occluded lower extremity bypass grafts. Am J Surg 172 (1996), 105–112.
368. 368 Diffin, D.C., Kandarpa, K., Assessment of peripheral intraarterial thrombolysis versus surgical revascularization in acute lower-limb ischemia: a review of limb-salvage and mortality statistics. J Vasc Interv Radiol 7 (1996), 57–63.
369. 369 Ouriel, K., Veith, F.J., Sasahara, A.A., A comparison of recombinant urokinase with vascular surgery as initial treatment for acute arterial occlusion of the legs. Thrombolysis or Peripheral Arterial Surgery (TOPAS) Investigators. N Engl J Med 338 (1998), 1105–1111.
370. 370 Results of a prospective randomized trial evaluating surgery versus thrombolysis for ischemia of the lower extremity. The STILE trial. Ann Surg 220 (1994), 266–268.
371. 371 Ouriel, K., Shortell, C.K., DeWeese, J.A., et al. A comparison of thrombolytic therapy with operative revascularization in the initial treatment of acute peripheral arterial ischemia. J Vasc Surg 19 (1994), 1021–1030.
372. 372 Eliason, J.L., Wakefield, T.W., Metabolic consequences of acute limb ischemia and their clinical implications. Semin Vasc Surg 22 (2009), 29–33.
373. 373 Henke, P.K., Contemporary management of acute limb ischemia: factors associated with amputation and in-hospital mortality. Semin Vasc Surg 22 (2009), 34–40.
374. 374 Ansel, G.M., Botti, C.F., Silver, M.J., Treatment of acute limb ischemia with a percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy-based endovascular approach: 5-year limb salvage and survival results from a single center series. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 72 (2008), 325–330.
375. 375 Gupta, R., Hennebry, T.A., Percutaneous isolated pharmaco-mechanical thrombolysis-thrombectomy system for the management of acute arterial limb ischemia: 30-day results from a single-center experience. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 80 (2012), 636–643.
376. 376 Silva, J.A., Ramee, S.R., Collins, T.J., et al. Rheolytic thrombectomy in the treatment of acute limb-threatening ischemia: immediate results and six-month follow-up of the multicenter AngioJet registry. Possis Peripheral AngioJet Study AngioJet Investigators. Cathet Cardiovasc Diagn 45 (1998), 386–393.
377. 377 Taha, A.G., Byrne, R.M., Avgerinos, E.D., et al. Comparative effectiveness of endovascular versus surgical revascularization for acute lower extremity ischemia. J Vasc Surg 61 (2015), 147–154.
378. 378 Leung, D.A., Blitz, L.R., Nelson, T., et al. Rheolytic pharmacomechanical thrombectomy for the management of acute limb ischemia: results from the PEARL Registry. J Endovasc Ther 22 (2015), 546–557.
379. 379 Zaraca, F., Ponzoni, A., Sbraga, P., et al. Factors affecting long-term outcomes after thromboembolectomy for acute lower limb ischemia. Minerva Chir 67 (2012), 49–57.
380. 380 Ender Topal, A., Nesimi Eren, M., Celik, Y., Management of non-traumatic acute limb ischemia and predictors of outcome in 270 thrombembolectomy cases. Int Angiol 30 (2011), 172–180.
381. 381 Fogarty, T.J., Cranley, J.J., Krause, R.J., et al. A method for extraction of arterial emboli and thrombi. Surg Gynecol Obstet 116 (1963), 241–244.
382. 382 Creager, M.A., Kaufman, J.A., Conte, M.S., Clinical practice. Acute limb ischemia. N Engl J Med 366 (2012), 2198–2206.
383. 383 O'Connell, J.B., Quiñones-Baldrich, W.J., Proper evaluation and management of acute embolic versus thrombotic limb ischemia. Semin Vasc Surg 22 (2009), 10–16.
384. 384 Schrijver, A.M., Reijnen, M.M., van Oostayen, J.A., et al. Initial results of catheter-directed ultrasound-accelerated thrombolysis for thromboembolic obstructions of the aortofemoral arteries: a feasibility study. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 35 (2012), 279–285.
385. 385 Schrijver, A., Vos, J., Hoksbergen, A.W., et al. Ultrasound-accelerated thrombolysis for lower extremity ischemia: multicenter experience and literature review. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino) 52 (2011), 467–476.
386. 386 Schrijver, A.M., Reijnen, M.M., van Oostayen, J.A., et al. Dutch randomized trial comparing standard catheter-directed thrombolysis versus ultrasound-accelerated thrombolysis for thromboembolic infrainguinal disease (DUET): design and rationale. Trials, 12, 2011, 20.
387. 387 Bekwelem, W., Connolly, S.J., Halperin, J.L., et al. Extracranial systemic embolic events in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation: incidence, risk factors, and outcomes. Circulation 132 (2015), 796–803.
388. 388 Baker, J.D., Dix, D.E., Variability of Doppler ankle pressures with arterial occlusive disease: an evaluation of ankle index and brachial-ankle pressure gradient. Surgery 89 (1981), 134–137.
389. 389 Jongsma, H., Bekken, J.A., van Buchem, F., et al. Secondary interventions in patients with autologous infrainguinal bypass grafts strongly improve patency rates. J Vasc Surg 63 (2016), 385–390.
390. 390 Carter, A., Murphy, M.O., Halka, A.T., et al. The natural history of stenoses within lower limb arterial bypass grafts using a graft surveillance program. Ann Vasc Surg 21 (2007), 695–703.
391. 391 Ihlberg, L., Luther, M., Albäck, A., et al. Does a completely accomplished duplex-based surveillance prevent vein-graft failure?. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 18 (1999), 395–400.
392. 392 Westerband, A., Mills, J.L., Kistler, S., et al. Prospective validation of threshold criteria for intervention in infrainguinal vein grafts undergoing duplex surveillance. Ann Vasc Surg 11 (1997), 44–48.
393. 393 Lundell, A., Lindblad, B., Bergqvist, D., et al. Femoropopliteal-crural graft patency is improved by an intensive surveillance program: a prospective randomized study. J Vasc Surg 21 (1995), 26–33.
394. 394 Mills, J.L., Harris, E.J., Taylor, L.M., et al. The importance of routine surveillance of distal bypass grafts with duplex scanning: a study of 379 reversed vein grafts. J Vasc Surg 12 (1990), 379–386.
395. 395 Bandyk, D.F., Cato, R.F., Towne, J.B., A low flow velocity predicts failure of femoropopliteal and femorotibial bypass grafts. Surgery 98 (1985), 799–809.
396. 396 Davies, A.H., Hawdon, A.J., Sydes, M.R., et al. Is duplex surveillance of value after leg vein bypass grafting? Principal results of the Vein Graft Surveillance Randomised Trial (VGST). Circulation 112 (2005), 1985–1991.
397. 397 Back, M.R., Novotney, M., Roth, S.M., et al. Utility of duplex surveillance following iliac artery angioplasty and primary stenting. J Endovasc Ther 8 (2001), 629–637.
398. 398 Baril, D.T., Marone, L.K., Duplex evaluation following femoropopliteal angioplasty and stenting: criteria and utility of surveillance. Vasc Endovascular Surg 46 (2012), 353–357.
399. 399 Troutman, D.A., Madden, N.J., Dougherty, M.J., et al. Duplex ultrasound diagnosis of failing stent grafts placed for occlusive disease. J Vasc Surg 60 (2014), 1580–1584.
400. 400 Connors, G., Todoran, T.M., Engelson, B.A., et al. Percutaneous revascularization of long femoral artery lesions for claudication: patency over 2.5 years and impact of systematic surveillance. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 77 (2011), 1055–1062.
401. 401 Brumberg, R.S., Back, M.R., Armstrong, P.A., et al. The relative importance of graft surveillance and warfarin therapy in infrainguinal prosthetic bypass failure. J Vasc Surg 46 (2007), 1160–1166.
402. 402 Calligaro, K.D., Doerr, K., McAffee-Bennett, S., et al. Should duplex ultrasonography be performed for surveillance of femoropopliteal and femorotibial arterial prosthetic bypasses?. Ann Vasc Surg 15 (2001), 520–524.
403. 403 Stone, P.A., Armstrong, P.A., Bandyk, D.F., et al. Duplex ultrasound criteria for femorofemoral bypass revision. J Vasc Surg 44 (2006), 496–502.
404. 404 Subherwal, S., Patel, M.R., Chiswell, K., et al. Clinical trials in peripheral vascular disease: pipeline and trial designs: an evaluation of the ClinicalTrials.gov database. Circulation 130 (2014), 1812–1819.
405. 405 Darling, J.D., McCallum, J.C., Soden, P.A., et al. Predictive ability of the Society for Vascular Surgery Wound, Ischemia, and foot Infection (WIfI) classification system following infrapopliteal endovascular interventions for critical limb ischemia. J Vasc Surg 64 (2016), 616–622.
406. 406 Causey, M.W., Ahmed, A., Wu, B., et al. Society for Vascular Surgery limb stage and patient risk correlate with outcomes in an amputation prevention program. J Vasc Surg 63 (2016), 1563–1573.
407. 407 Beropoulis, E., Stavroulakis, K., Schwindt, A., et al. Validation of the Wound, Ischemia, foot Infection (WIfI) classification system in nondiabetic patients treated by endovascular means for critical limb ischemia. J Vasc Surg 64 (2016), 95–103.
408. 408 Zhan, L.X., Branco, B.C., Armstrong, D.G., et al. The Society for Vascular Surgery lower extremity threatened limb classification system based on Wound, Ischemia, and foot Infection (WIfI) correlates with risk of major amputation and time to wound healing. J Vasc Surg 61 (2015), 939–944.
409. 409 Mills, J.L., Conte, M.S., Armstrong, D.G., et al. The Society for Vascular Surgery Lower Extremity Threatened Limb Classification System: risk stratification based on wound, ischemia, and foot infection (WIfI). J Vasc Surg 59 (2014), 220–234.