Development and validation of an ankle brachial index risk model for the prediction of cardiovascular events

European Journal of Preventive Cardiology

Volumn 21, Issue 3, 2014, Pages 310-320

  Fowkes, F G R ^a   Murray, G D ^a   Butcher, I ^a   Folsom, A R ^b   Hirsch, A T ^c   Couper, D J ^d   Debacker, G ^e   Kornitzer, M ^f   Newman, A B ^g   Sutton Tyrrell, K C ^g   Cushman, M ^h   Lee, A J ⁱ   Price, J F ^a   D'Agostino, R B ^j   Murabito, J M ^k   Norman, P E ^l   Masaki, K H ^m   Bouter, L M ⁿ   Heine, R J ^o   Stehouwer, C D A ^p   McDermott, M M ^q   Stoffers, H E J H ^p   Knottnerus, J A ^p   Ogren, M ^r   Hedblad, B ^s   Koenig, W ^t   Meisinger, C ^u   Cauley, J A ^g   Franco, O H ^v   Hunink, M G M ^v   Hofman, A ^v   Witteman, J C ^v   Criqui, M H ^w   Langer, R D ^x   Hiatt, W R ^y   Hamman, R F ^z   more..

^a UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

^d University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill   (United States)

^e GHENT UNIVERSITY   (Belgium)

^f UNIVERSITÉ LIBRE DE BRUXELLES   (Belgium)

^g UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH GRADUATE SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

^h UNIVERSITY OF VERMONT COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

ⁱ UNIVERSITY OF ABERDEEN   (United Kingdom)

^j USA   (United States)

^k BOSTON UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^l UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA   (Australia)

^m UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII   (United States)

ⁿ VU UNIVERSITY AMSTERDAM   (Netherlands)

^o VU UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (Netherlands)

^p MAASTRICHT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (Netherlands)

^q NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^r UPPSALA UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

^s LUND UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Sweden)

^t UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL ULM   (Germany)

^u INSTITUTE OF EPIDEMIOLOGY   (Germany)

^v ERASMUS MEDICAL CENTER   (Netherlands)

^w UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^x UNIVERSITY OF NEVADA SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^y UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^z Food Science and Human Nutrition   (United States)

more..

Author keywords

Ankle brachial index; cardiovascular diseases; risk assessment

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; ANKLE BRACHIAL INDEX; ARTICLE; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR MORTALITY; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; FRAMINGHAM RISK SCORE; HUMAN; ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROPORTIONAL HAZARDS MODEL; RISK ASSESSMENT; VERY ELDERLY;

ANKLE BRACHIAL INDEX; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; RISK ASSESSMENT;

ADULT; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; ANKLE BRACHIAL INDEX; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; EUROPE; EUROPEAN CONTINENTAL ANCESTRY GROUP; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MODELS, STATISTICAL; PREDICTIVE VALUE OF TESTS; PROGNOSIS; REPRODUCIBILITY OF RESULTS; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTORS; SEX FACTORS; TIME FACTORS; UNITED STATES; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84896697287     PISSN: 20474873     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/2047487313516564     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. Brindle P, Beswick AD, Fahey T, et al. Accuracy and impact of risk assessment in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease: a systematic review. Heart. 2006 ; 92: 1752-1759
2. Greenland P, Smith SC Jr, Grundy SM. Improving coronary heart disease risk assessment in asymptomatic people: role of traditional risk factors and non-invasive cardiovascular tests. Circulation. 2001 ; 104: 1863-1867
3. Ankle brachial index combined with Framingham Risk Score to predict cardiovascular events and mortality. A meta-analysis. JAMA. 2008 ; 300: 197-208
4. D'Agostino RB Sr, Grundy S, Sullivan LM, for the CHD, et al. Risk Prediction Group, Validation of the Framingham coronary heart disease prediction scores. Results of a multiple ethnic groups investigation. JAMA. 2001 ; 286: 180-187
5. Weatherley BD, Nelson JJ, Heiss G, et al. The association of the ankle-brachial index with incident coronary heart disease: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study, 1987-2001. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2007 ; 7: 3-3
6. Newman AB, Shemanski L, Manolio TA, et al. Ankle-arm index as a predictor of cardiovascular disease and mortality in the Cardiovascular Health Study. The Cardiovascular Health Study Group. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1999 ; 19: 538-545
7. Abbott RD, Petrovitch H, Rodriguez BL, et al. Ankle/brachial blood pressure in men >70 years of age and the risk of coronary heart disease. Am J Cardiol. 2000 ; 86: 280-284
8. Resnick HE, Lindsay RS, McDermott MM, et al. Relationship of high and low ankle brachial index to all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality: the Strong Heart Study. Circulation. 2004 ; 109: 733-739
9. Leng GC, Fowkes FG, Lee AJ, et al. Use of ankle brachial pressure index to predict cardiovascular events and death: a cohort study. BMJ. 1996 ; 313: 1440-1444
10. Hooi JD, Kester AD, Stoffers HE, et al. Asymptomatic peripheral arterial occlusive disease predicted cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in a 7-year follow-up study. J Clin Epidemiol. 2004 ; 57: 294-300
11. Ogren M, Hedblad B, Isacsson SO, et al. Non-invasively detected carotid stenosis and ischaemic heart disease in men with leg arteriosclerosis. Lancet. 1993 ; 342: 1138-1141
12. van der Meer IM, Bots ML, Hofman A, et al. Predictive value of noninvasive measures of atherosclerosis for incident myocardial infarction: the Rotterdam Study. Circulation. 2004 ; 109: 1089-1094
13. Kornitzer M, Dramaix M, Sobolski J, et al. Ankle/arm pressure index in asymptomatic middle-aged males: an independent predictor of ten-year coronary heart disease mortality. Angiology. 1995 ; 46: 211-219
14. Murabito JM, Evans JC, Nieto K, et al. Prevalence and clinical correlates of peripheral arterial disease in the Framingham Offspring Study. Am Heart J. 2002 ; 143: 961-965
15. Fowler B, Jamrozik K, Norman P, et al. Prevalence of peripheral arterial disease: persistence of excess risk in former smokers. Aust N Z J Public Health. 2002 ; 26: 219-224
16. Jager A, Kostense PJ, Ruhe HG, et al. Microalbuminuria and peripheral arterial disease are independent predictors of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality, especially among hypertensive subjects: five-year follow-up of the Hoorn Study. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1999 ; 19: 617-624
17. McDermott MM, Guralnik JM, Albay M, et al. Impairments of muscles and nerves associated with peripheral arterial disease and their relationship with lower extremity functioning: the InCHIANTI Study. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2004 ; 52: 405-410
18. Criqui MH, Langer RD, Fronek A, et al. Mortality over a period of 10 years in patients with peripheral arterial disease. N Engl J Med. 1992 ; 326: 381-386
19. Hiatt WR, Hoag S, Hamman RF. Effect of diagnostic criteria on the prevalence of peripheral arterial disease. The San Luis Valley Diabetes Study. Circulation. 1995 ; 91: 1472-1479
20. McDermott MM, Fried L, Simonsick E, et al. Asymptomatic peripheral arterial disease is independently associated with impaired lower extremity functioning: the women's health and aging study. Circulation. 2000 ; 101: 1007-1012
21. Lamina C, Meisinger C, Heid IM, Kora Study Group, Association of ankle-brachial index and plaques in the carotid and femoral arteries with cardiovascular events and total mortality in a population-based study with 13 years of follow up. Eur Heart J. 2006 ; 27: 2580-2587
22. Sutton-Tyrrell K, Venkitachalam L, Kanaya AM, et al. Relationship of ankle blood pressures to cardiovascular events in older adults. Stroke. 2008 ; 39: 863-869
23. Vogt MT, Cauley JA, Kuller LH, et al. Prevalence and correlates of lower extremity arterial disease in elderly women. Am J Epidemiol. 1993 ; 137: 559-568
24. Collins TC, Ewing SK, Diem SJ, Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Study Group, Peripheral arterial disease is associated with higher rates if hip bone loss and increased fracture risk in older men. Circulation. 2009 ; 119: 2305-2312
25. Wilson PW, D'Agostino RB, Levy D, et al. Prediction of coronary heart disease using risk factor categories. Circulation. 1998 ; 97: 1837-1847
26. Akaike H. A new look at the statistical model identification. IEEE Trans Automatic Control. 1974 ; 19: 716-723
27. Schwarz G. Estimating the dimension of a model. Ann Stat. 1978 ; 6: 461-464
28. Nagelkerke NJD. A note on a general definition of the coefficient of determination. Biometrika. 1991 ; 78: 691-692
29. Harrel FE Jr, Lee KL, Mark DB. Multivariate prognostic models: issues in developing models, evaluating assumptions and adequacy, and measuring and reducing errors. Stat Med. 1996 ; 15: 361-387
30. Pencina MJ, D'Agostino RB. Overall C as a measure of discrimination in survival analysis: model specific population value and confidence interval estimation. Stat Med. 2004 ; 23: 2109-2123
31. Pencina MJ, D'Agostino RB Sr, Steyerberg EW. Extensions of net reclassification improvement calculations to measure usefulness of new biomarkers. Stat Med. 2011 ; 30: 11-21
32. Murphy TP, Dhangana R, Pencina MJ, et al. Ankle-brachial index and cardiovascular risk prediction: an analysis of 11,594 individuals with 10-year follow up. Atherosclerosis. 2012 ; 220: 160-167
33. Yeboah J, McClelland RL, Polonsky TS, et al. Comparison of novel risk markers for improvement in cardiovascular risk assessment in intermediate-risk individuals. JAMA. 2012 ; 308: 788-795
34. Criqui MH, McClelland RL, McDermott MM, et al. The ankle-brachial index and incident cardiovascular events in MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis). J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010 ; 56: 1506-1512
35. Kavousi M, Elias-Smale S, Rutten JHW, et al. Evaluation of newer risk markers for coronary heart disease risk classification. A cohort study. Ann Intern Med. 2012 ; 156: 438-444
36. Rodondi N, Marques-Vidal P, Butler J, et al. Markers of atherosclerosis and inflammation for prediction of coronary heart disease in older adults. Am J Epidemiol. 2010 ; 171: 540-549
37. Paynter NP, Cook NR. A bias-corrected net reclassification improvement for clinical subgroups. Med Decis Making. 2013 ; 33: 154-162
38. Kim KP, Einstein AJ, Berrington de Gonzalez A. Coronary artery calcification screening: estimated radiation dose and cancer risk. Arch Intern Med. 2009 ; 169: 1188-1194
39. Mohler ER III, Treat-Jacobson D, Reilly MP, et al. Utility and barriers to performance of the ankle-brachial index in primary care practice. Vasc Med. 2004 ; 9: 253-260
40. Wald NJ, Simmonds M, Morris JK. Screening for future cardiovascular disease using age alone compared with multiple risk factors and age. PLoS ONE. 2011 ; 6: e18742 - e18742
41. D'Agostino RB, Vasan RS, Pencina MJ, et al. General cardiovascular risk profile for use in primary care: the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation. 2008 ; 117: 743-753
42. Conroy RM, Pyorala K, Fitzgerald AP, et al. Estimation of ten-year risk of fatal cardiovascular disease in Europe: the SCORE project. Eur Heart J. 2003 ; 24: 987-1003
43. Hirsch AT, Haskal ZJ, Hertzer NR, et al. American Association for Vascular Surgery; Society for Vascular Surgery; Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions; Society for Vascular Medicine and Biology; Society of Interventional Radiology; ACC/AHA Task Force on Practice Guidelines Writing Committee to Develop Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Peripheral Arterial Disease; American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; Society for Vascular Nursing; TransAtlantic Inter-Society Consensus; Vascular Disease Foundation. ACC/AHA 2005 practice guidelines for the management of patients with peripheral arterial disease (lower extremity, renal, mesenteric, and abdominal aortic). Circulation. 2006 ; 113: e463 - e654
44. Moyer VA. Preventive Services Task Force. Screening for peripheral artery disease and cardiovascular disease risk assessment with the ankle-brachial index in adults: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. Ann Intern Med. 2013 ; 159: 342-348
45. Greenland P, Alpert JS, Beller GA, et al. American College of Cardiology Foundation; American Heart Association. 2010 ACCF/AHA guideline for assessment of cardiovascular risk in asymptomatic adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association task force on practices guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010 ; 56: e50 - e103
46. European guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice (version 2012). Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2012 ; 19: 585-667