Executive function training for children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Chinese Medical Journal

Volumn 130, Issue 5, 2017, Pages 549-558

  Shuai, Lan ^a   Daley, David ^b   Wang, Yu Feng ^c   Zhang, Jin Song ^a   Kong, Yan Ting ^a   Tan, Xin ^a   Ji, Ning ^d  

^a XINHUA HOSPITAL AFFILIATED TO SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (China)

^b UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM   (United Kingdom)

^c PEKING UNIVERSITY SIXTH HOSPITAL   (China)

^d Robusprout Children s Clinic   (China)

Author keywords

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder; Cognitive Behavior Therapy; Executive Function

Indexed keywords

ANXIETY; ARTICLE; ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER; CLINICAL ARTICLE; COGNITIVE THERAPY; DAILY LIFE ACTIVITY; DEPTH PERCEPTION; HEALTH CARE PLANNING; HUMAN; LONG TERM MEMORY; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TEST; TRAIL MAKING TEST; TRAINING; CHILD; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; FEMALE; MALE; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY;

ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER WITH HYPERACTIVITY; CHILD; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS;

EID: 85013477771     PISSN: 03666999     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.200541     Document Type: Article

References (72)

1. Biederman J. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A selective overview. Biol Psychiatry 2005; 57: 1215-20. doi: 10.1016/j. biopsych.2004.10.020.
2. Pennington BF, Ozonoff S. Executive functions and developmental psychopathology. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 1996; 37: 51-87. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01380.x.
3. Barkley RA. Behavioral inhibition, sustained attention, and executive functions: Constructing a unifying theory of ADHD. Psychol Bull 1997; 121: 65-94. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.121.1.65.
4. Nigg JT. The ADHD response-inhibition deficit as measured by the stop task: Replication with DSM-IV combined type, extension, and qualification. J Abnorm Child Psychol 1999; 27: 393-402. doi: 10.1023/A: 1021980002473.
5. Sergeant JA, Geurts H, Oosterlaan J. How specific is a deficit of executive functioning for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder? Behav Brain Res 2002; 130: 3-28. doi: 10.1016/ s0166-4328 (01) 00430-2.
6. Funahashi S. Neuronal mechanisms of executive control by the prefrontal cortex. Neurosci Res 2001; 39: 147-65. doi: 10.1016/ s0168-0102 (00) 00224-8.
7. Chan RC, Shum D, Toulopoulou T, Chen EY. Assessment of executive functions: Review of instruments and identification of critical issues. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2008; 23: 201-16. doi: 10.1016/j. acn.2007.08.010.
8. Moffitt TE, Arseneault L, Belsky D, Dickson N, Hancox RJ, Harrington H, et al. A gradient of childhood self-control predicts health, wealth, and public safety. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108: 2693-8. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1010076108.
9. Miller M, Nevado-Montenegro AJ, Hinshaw SP. Childhood executive function continues to predict outcomes in young adult females with and without childhood-diagnosed ADHD. J Abnorm Child Psychol 2012; 40: 657-68. doi: 10.1007/s10802-011-9599-y.
10. Biederman J, Petty CR, Fried R, Doyle AE, Spencer T, Seidman LJ, et al. Stability of executive function deficits into young adult years: A prospective longitudinal follow-up study of grown up males with ADHD. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2007; 116: 129-36. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.2007.01008.x.
11. Yang L, Cao Q, Shuai L, Li H, Chan RC, Wang Y. Comparative study of OROS-MPH and atomoxetine on executive function improvement in ADHD: A randomized controlled trial. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2012; 15: 15-26. doi: 10.1017/s1461145711001490.
12. Swanson J. Compliance with stimulants for attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder: Issues and approaches for improvement. CNS Drugs 2003; 17: 117-31. doi: 10.2165/00023210-200317020-00004.
13. Berger I, Dor T, Nevo Y, Goldzweig G. Attitudes toward attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) treatment: Parents’ and children’s perspectives. J Child Neurol 2008; 23: 1036-42. doi: 10.1177/0883073808317726.
14. Molina BS, Hinshaw SP, Swanson JM, Arnold LE, Vitiello B, Jensen PS, et al. The MTA at 8 years: Prospective follow-up of children treated for combined-type ADHD in a multisite study. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2009; 48: 484-500. doi: 10.1097/ chi.0b013e31819c23d0.
15. Weiss M, Safren SA, Solanto MV, Hechtman L, Rostain AL, Ramsay JR, et al. Research forum on psychological treatment of adults with ADHD. J Atten Disord 2008; 11: 642-51. doi: 10.1177/1087054708315063.
16. Rapport MD, Orban SA, Kofler MJ, Friedman LM. Do programs designed to train working memory, other executive functions, and attention benefit children with ADHD? A meta-analytic review of cognitive, academic, and behavioral outcomes. Clin Psychol Rev 2013; 33: 1237-52. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2013.08.005.
17. Cortese S, Ferrin M, Brandeis D, Buitelaar J, Daley D, Dittmann RW, et al. Cognitive training for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Meta-analysis of clinical and neuropsychological outcomes from randomized controlled trials. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2015; 54: 164-74. doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2014.12.010.
18. Fay-Stammbach T, Hawes DJ, Meredith P. Parenting influences on executive function in early childhood: A review. Child Dev Perspect 2014; 4: 258-64. doi: 10.1111/cdep.12095.
19. Hughes CH, Ensor RA. How do families help or hinder the emergence of early executive function? New Dir Child Adolesc Dev 2009; 2009: 35-50. doi: 10.1002/cd.234.
20. Barkley RA. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Handbook for Diagnosis and Treatment. New York: The Guildford Press; 1998.
21. Yang L, Wang YF, Qian QJ, Gu BM. Primary exploration of the clinical subtypes of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in Chinese children. Chin J Psychiatry 2004; 4: 204-7. doi: 10.3760/j: issn: 1006-7884.2001.04.004.
22. Kirk RE. Experimental Design: Procedures for the Behavioral Science. 3rd ed. California: Books/Cole; 1995.
23. DuPaul GJ, Power TJ, Anastopoulos AD, Reid R. ADHD Rating Scale-IV: Checklists, Norms, and Clinical Interpretations. New York: Guilford Press; 1998.
24. Goyette CH, Conners CK, Ulrich RF. Normative data on revised conners parent and teacher rating scales. J Abnorm Child Psychol 1978; 6: 221-36. doi: 10.1007/bf00919127.
25. Gioia GA, Isquith PK, Guy SC, Kenworthy L. Behavior rating inventory of executive function. Child Neuropsychol 2000; 6: 235-8. doi: 10.1007/springerreference:184532.
26. Shuai L, Chan RC, Wang Y. Executive function profile of Chinese boys with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: Different subtypes and comorbidity. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2011; 26: 120-32. doi: 10.1093/arclin/acq101.
27. Stroop JR. Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions. J Exp Psychol 1935; 18: 643-62. doi: 10.1037/h0054651.
28. Lezak MD. Neuropsychological Assessment. 3rd ed. New York: Oxford University Press; 1995.
29. Reitan RM, Wolfson D. The Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Test Battery. Tucson: Neuropsychology Press; 1985.
30. Anderson V. Assessing executive functions in children: Biological, psychological, and developmental considerationst. Pediatr Rehabil 2001; 4: 119-36. doi: 10.1080/13638490110091347.
31. Simon HA. The functional equivalence of problem solving skills. Cogn Psychol 1975; 7: 268-88. doi: 10.1016/0010-0285 (75) 90012-2.
32. Kopecky H, Chang HT, Klorman R, Thatcher JE, Borgstedt AD. Performance and private speech of children with attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder while taking the tower of Hanoi test: Effects of depth of search, diagnostic subtype, and methylphenidate. J Abnorm Child Psychol 2005; 33: 625-38. doi: 10.1007/s10802-005-6742-7.
33. Tucha O, Mecklinger L, Laufkötter R, Kaunzinger I, Paul GM, Klein HE, et al. Clustering and switching on verbal and figural fluency functions in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Cogn Neuropsychiatry 2005; 10: 231-48. doi: 10.1080/13546800444000047.
34. Perner J, Lang B. Development of theory of mind and executive control. Trends Cogn Sci 1999; 3: 337-344. doi: 10.1016/ s1364-6613 (99) 01362-5.
35. Sonuga-Barke EJ, Brandeis D, Cortese S, Daley D, Ferrin M, Holtmann M, et al. Nonpharmacological interventions for ADHD: Systematic review and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials of dietary and psychological treatments. Am J Psychiatry 2013; 170: 275-89. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2012.12070991.
36. Yang B, Chan RC, Zou X, Jing J, Mai J, Li J. Time perception deficit in children with ADHD. Brain Res 2007; 1170: 90-6. doi: 10.1521/ adhd.9.5.7.19060.
37. Kats-Gold I, Besser A, Priel B. The role of simple emotion recognition skills among school aged boys at risk of ADHD. J Abnorm Child Psychol 2007; 35: 363-78. doi: 10.1007/s10802-006-9096-x.
38. Dawson P, Guare R. Executive Skills in Children and Adolescents: A Practical Guide to Assessment and Intervention. New York: Guildford Press; 2004.
39. Gerdes AC, Haack LM, Schneider BW. Parental functioning in families of children with ADHD: Evidence for behavioral parent training and importance of clinically meaningful change. J Atten Disord 2012; 16: 147-56. doi: 10.1177/1087054710381482.
40. Perneger TV. What’s wrong with Bonferroni adjustments. BMJ 1998; 316: 1236-8. doi: 10.1136/bmj.316.7139.1236.
41. Gathercole SE, Pickering SJ, Knight C, Stegmann Z. Working memory skills and educational attainment: Evidence from national curriculum assessments at 7 and 14 years of age. Appl Cogn Psychol 2004; 1: 1-16. doi: 10.1002/acp.934.
42. Doyle AE, Biederman J, Seidman LJ, Reske-Nielsen JJ, Faraone SV. Neuropsychological functioning in relatives of girls with and without ADHD. Psychol Med 2005; 35: 1121-32. doi: 10.1017/ s0033291705004496.
43. Homack S, Riccio CA. A meta-analysis of the sensitivity and specificity of the Stroop color and word test with children. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2004; 19: 725-43. doi: 10.1016/j.acn.2003.09.003.
44. Murphy P. Cognitive functioning in adults with attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder. J Atten Disord 2002; 5: 203-9. doi: 10.1177/108705470100500402.
45. Shin MS, Kim YH, Cho SC, Kim BN. Neuropsychologic characteristics of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), learning disorder, and tic disorder on the Rey-Osterreith complex figure. J Child Neurol 2003; 18: 835-44. doi: 10.1177/088307380301801203.
46. Sami N, Carte ET, Hinshaw SP, Zupan BA. Performance of girls with ADHD and comparison girls on the Rey-Osterrieth complex figure: Evidence for executive processing deficits. Child Neuropsychol 2003; 9: 237-54. doi: 10.1076/chin.9.4.237.23514.
47. Oosterlaan J, Scheres A, Sergeant JA. Which executive functioning deficits are associated with AD/HD, ODD/CD and comorbid AD/ HD+ODD/CD? J Abnorm Child Psychol 2005; 33: 69-85. doi: 10.1007/s10802-005-0935-y.
48. Sarkis SM, Sarkis EH, Marshall D, Archer J. Self-regulation and inhibition in comorbid ADHD children: An evaluation of executive functions. J Atten Disord 2005; 8: 96-108. doi: 10.1177/1087054705277265.
49. Klingberg T. Training and plasticity of working memory. Trends Cogn Sci 2010; 14: 317-24. doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2010.05.002.
50. Wei YY, Wang JJ, Yan C, Li ZQ, Pan X, Cui Y, et al. Correlation between brain activation changes and cognitive improvement following cognitive remediation therapy in schizophrenia: An activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis. Chin Med J 2016; 129: 578-85. doi: 10.4103/0366-6999.176983.
51. Beck SJ, Hanson CA, Puffenberger SS, Benninger KL, Benninger WB. A controlled trial of working memory training for children and adolescents with ADHD. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol 2010; 39: 825-36. doi: 10.1080/15374416.2010.517162.
52. Klingberg T, Fernell E, Olesen PJ, Johnson M, Gustafsson P, Dahlström K, et al. Computerized training of working memory in children with ADHD-A randomized, controlled trial. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2005; 44: 177-86. doi: 10.1097/00004583-2 00502000-00010.
53. Re AM, Capodieci A, Cornoldi C. Effect of training focused on executive functions (attention, inhibition, and working memory) in preschoolers exhibiting ADHD symptoms. Front Psychol 2015; 6: 1-9. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01161.
54. Tamm L, Hughes C, Ames L, Pickering J, Silver CH, Stavinoha P, et al. Attention training for school-aged children with ADHD: Results of an open trial. J Atten Disord 2010; 14: 86-94. doi: 10.1177/1087054709347446.
55. Dovis S, Van der Oord S, Wiers RW, Prins PJ. Improving executive functioning in children with ADHD: Training multiple executive functions within the context of a computer game. A randomized double-blind placebo controlled trial. PLoS One 2015; 4: 1-30. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121651.
56. Donk MV, Hiemstra-Beernink A, Tjeenk-Kalff A, Leij AV, Lindauer R. Cognitive training for children with ADHD: A randomized controlled trial of cogmed working memory training and ‘paying attention in class’. Front Psychol 2015; 6: 1-13. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01081.
57. Murphy D. Theory of mind functioning in mentally disordered offenders detained in high security psychiatric care: Its relationship to clinical outcome, need and risk. Crim Behav Ment Health 2007; 17: 300-11. doi: 10.1002/cbm.664.
58. Diamond A, Lee K. Interventions shown to aid executive function development in children 4 to 12 years old. Science 2011; 333: 959-64. doi: 10.1126/science.1204529.
59. Lawson RA, Papadakis AA, Higginson CI, Barnett JE, Wills MC, Strang JF, et al. Everyday executive function impairments predict comorbid psychopathology in autism spectrum and attention deficit hyperactivity disorders. Neuropsychology 2015; 29: 445-53. doi: 10.1037/neu0000145.
60. Solanto MV, Marks DJ, Mitchell KJ, Wasserstein J, Kofman MD. Development of a new psychosocial treatment for adult ADHD. J Atten Disord 2008; 11: 728-36. doi: 10.1177/1087054707305100.
61. Smith SD, Vitulano LA, Katsovich L, Li S, Moore C, Li F, et al. A randomized controlled trial of an integrated brain, body, and social intervention for children with ADHD. J Atten Disord 2016. doi: 10.1177/1087054716647490.
62. Gathercole SE. Commentary: Working memory training and ADHD-Where does its potential lie? J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2014; 55: 256-7. doi: 10.1111/jcpp.12196.
63. Tarver J, Daley D, Sayal K. Beyond symptom control for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): What can parents do to improve outcomes? Child Care Health Dev 2015; 1: 1-14. doi: 10.1111/cch.12159.
64. Tamm L, Nakonezny PA. Metacognitive executive function training for young children with ADHD: A proof-of-concept study. Atten Defic Hyperact Disord 2015; 7: 183-90. doi: 10.1007/s12402-014-0162-x.
65. Healey DM, Halperin JM. Enhancing neurobehavioral gains with the aid of games and exercise (ENGAGE): Initial open trial of a novel early intervention fostering the development of preschoolers’ self-regulation. Child Neuropsychol 2015; 21: 465-80. doi: 10.1080/09297049.2014.906567.
66. Xiao LN, Liang SW, He XS. Relationship among youth academic stress, parental support and mental health. Contemporary Youth Research. 2014; 5: 29-34. Doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-1789.2014.05.005.
67. Stevenson HW, Lee SY. The Academic Achievement of Chinese Students. Hong Kong: Oxford University Press; 1996.
68. Huang F, Sun L, Qian Y, Liu L, Ma QG, Yang L, et al. Cognitive function of children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and learning difficulties: A developmental perspective. Chin Med J 2016; 129: 1922-8. doi: 10.4103/0366-6999.187861.
69. Borella E, Carretti B, Pelegrina S. The specific role of inhibition in reading comprehension in good and poor comprehenders. J Learn Disabil 2010; 43: 541-52. doi: 10.1177/0022219410371676.
70. Bree KD, Beljan P. Neuro-cognitive intervention for working memory: Preliminary results and future directions. Appl Neuropsychol Child 2016; 5: 202-13. doi: 10.1080/21622965.2016.1167504.
71. Daley D, Birchwood J. ADHD and academic performance: Why does ADHD impact on academic performance and what can be done to support ADHD children in the classroom? Child Care Health Dev 2010; 36: 455-64. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2214.2009.01046.x.
72. Blakey E, Carroll DJ. A short executive function training program improves preschoolers’ working memory. Front Psychol 2015; 6: 1827. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01827.