메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 4, Issue 3, 2001, Pages 119-136

Assessing executive functions in children: Biological, psychological, and developmental considerations

Author keywords

Children Development Assessment

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; CHILD; COGNITION; FRONTAL LOBE; HUMAN; MENTAL FUNCTION; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TEST; PHYSIOLOGY; PREFRONTAL CORTEX; REVIEW;

EID: 0035411730     PISSN: 13638491     EISSN: 14645270     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/13638490110091347     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (148)

References (137)
  • 7
    • 33847475645 scopus 로고
    • Morphological features of the developing brain
    • In: M. A. B. Brazier and F. Coceani (editors) (New York: Raven)
    • RABINOWICZ, T.: Morphological features of the developing brain. In: M. A. B. Brazier and F. Coceani (editors) Brain dysfunction in infantile febrile convulsions (New York: Raven), pp. 1–23, 1976.
    • (1976) Brain dysfunction in infantile febrile convulsions , pp. 1-23
    • RABINOWICZ, T.1
  • 9
    • 0029935381 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Tower of London Test: validation and standardization for pediatric populations
    • ANDERSON, P., ANDERSON, V. and LAJOIE, G.: The Tower of London Test: validation and standardization for pediatric populations. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 10: 54-65, 1996.
    • (1996) The Clinical Neuropsychologist , vol.10 , pp. 54-65
    • ANDERSON, P.1    ANDERSON, V.2    LAJOIE, G.3
  • 10
    • 0015593540 scopus 로고
    • Organization of early skilled action
    • BRUNER, J.: Organization of early skilled action. Child Development, 44: 1-11, 1973.
    • (1973) Child Development , vol.44 , pp. 1-11
    • BRUNER, J.1
  • 11
    • 0003155840 scopus 로고
    • Where do I go next? Intelligent searching by very young children
    • DELOACHE, J. S. and BROWN, A. L.: Where do I go next? Intelligent searching by very young children. Developmental Psychology, 20: 37-44, 1984.
    • (1984) Developmental Psychology , vol.20 , pp. 37-44
    • DELOACHE, J.S.1    BROWN, A.L.2
  • 12
    • 84963158847 scopus 로고
    • Frontal lobe function in childhood and adolescence: a heuristic for assessing attention regulation, executive control, and the intentional states important for social discourse
    • DENNIS, M.: Frontal lobe function in childhood and adolescence: a heuristic for assessing attention regulation, executive control, and the intentional states important for social discourse. Developmental Neuropsychology, 7: 327-358, 1991.
    • (1991) Developmental Neuropsychology , vol.7 , pp. 327-358
    • DENNIS, M.1
  • 14
    • 0024493827 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of human infants and rhesus monkeys on Piaget's AB task: evidence for dependence on dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
    • DIAMOND, A. and GOLDMAN-RAKIC, P. S. Comparison of human infants and rhesus monkeys on Piaget's AB task: evidence for dependence on dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Experimental Brain Research, 74: 24-40, 1989.
    • (1989) Experimental Brain Research , vol.74 , pp. 24-40
    • DIAMOND, A.1    GOLDMAN-RAKIC, P., S.2
  • 15
    • 0023356565 scopus 로고
    • Development of cortical circuitry and cognitive function
    • GOLDMAN-RAKIC, P. S.: Development of cortical circuitry and cognitive function. Child Development, 58: 601-622, 1987.
    • (1987) Child Development , vol.58 , pp. 601-622
    • GOLDMAN-RAKIC, P.S.1
  • 17
    • 0001741756 scopus 로고
    • Formal assessment of problem solving and planning processes in preschool children
    • KLAHR, D. and ROBINSON, M.: Formal assessment of problem solving and planning processes in preschool children. Cognitive Psychology, 13: 113-148,1981.
    • (1981) Cognitive Psychology , vol.13 , pp. 113-148
    • KLAHR, D.1    ROBINSON, M.2
  • 18
    • 84963452463 scopus 로고
    • Developmental changes in performance on tests of purported frontal lobe functioning Developmental
    • LEVIN, H. S., CULHANE, K. A., HARTMANN, J. et al.: Developmental changes in performance on tests of purported frontal lobe functioning Developmental Neuropsychology, 7: 377-395, 1991.
    • (1991) Neuropsychology , vol.7 , pp. 377-395
    • LEVIN, H.S.1    CULHANE, K.A.2    HARTMANN, J.3
  • 19
    • 84940788913 scopus 로고
    • Neuropsychological development of behavior attributed to frontal lobe functioning in children
    • PASSLER, M. A., ISAAC, W. and HYND, G. W.: Neuropsychological development of behavior attributed to frontal lobe functioning in children. Developmental Neuropsychology, 1: 349-370, 1985.
    • (1985) Developmental Neuropsychology , vol.1 , pp. 349-370
    • PASSLER, M.A.1    ISAAC, W.2    HYND, G.W.3
  • 20
    • 84920591658 scopus 로고
    • A normative-developmental study of executive function: a window on prefrontal function in children
    • WELSH, M. C., PENNINGTON, B. F. and GROISSER, D. B.: A normative-developmental study of executive function: a window on prefrontal function in children. Developmental Neuropsychology, 7: 131-149,1991.
    • (1991) Developmental Neuropsychology , vol.7 , pp. 131-149
    • WELSH, M.C.1    PENNINGTON, B.F.2    GROISSER, D.B.3
  • 21
    • 0000682896 scopus 로고
    • Age at injury as a predictor of outcome following pediatrie head injury
    • ANDERSON, V. and MOORE, C.: Age at injury as a predictor of outcome following pediatrie head injury. Child Neuropsychology, 1: 187-202, 1995.
    • (1995) Child Neuropsychology , vol.1 , pp. 187-202
    • ANDERSON, V.1    MOORE, C.2
  • 22
    • 0001892279 scopus 로고
    • Language and the young damaged brain
    • In: T. Boll and B. K. Bryant (editors) (Washington: American Psychological Association)
    • DENNIS, M.: Language and the young damaged brain. In: T. Boll and B. K. Bryant (editors) Clinical neuropsychology and brain function: Research, measurement and practice (Washington: American Psychological Association), pp. 89–123, 1989.
    • (1989) Clinical neuropsychology and brain function: Research, measurement and practice , pp. 89-123
    • DENNIS, M.1
  • 26
    • 0026048756 scopus 로고
    • Behavior problems and adaptive functioning in children with mild and severe closed head injury
    • ASARNOW, R. F., SATZ, P., LIGHT, R. et al.: Behavior problems and adaptive functioning in children with mild and severe closed head injury. Journal of Paediatric Psychology, 16: 543-555, 1991.
    • (1991) Journal of Paediatric Psychology , vol.16 , pp. 543-555
    • ASARNOW, R.F.1    SATZ, P.2    LIGHT, R.3
  • 28
    • 0031946123 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of head injury severity on planning ability in adolescence: a functional analysis
    • PENTLAND, L., TODD, J. A. and ANDERSON, V.: The impact of head injury severity on planning ability in adolescence: a functional analysis. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 8: 319-335, 1998.
    • (1998) Neuropsychological Rehabilitation , vol.8 , pp. 319-335
    • PENTLAND, L.1    TODD, J.A.2    ANDERSON, V.3
  • 29
    • 0002920821 scopus 로고
    • Neuropsychological sequelae, familial stress, and environmental adaptation following pediatric head injury
    • PERROTT, S. B., TAYLOR, H. G. and MONTES, J. L.: Neuropsychological sequelae, familial stress, and environmental adaptation following pediatric head injury. Developmental neuropsychology, 7: 69-86, 1991.
    • (1991) Developmental neuropsychology , vol.7 , pp. 69-86
    • PERROTT, S.B.1    TAYLOR, H.G.2    MONTES, J.L.3
  • 30
    • 0008707517 scopus 로고
    • Developmental outcomes for children with spina bifida and hydrocephalus
    • In: M. G. Tramontane and S. R. Hooper (editors) (New York: Springer-Verlag)
    • LANDRY, S. H., JORDAN, T. and FLETCHER, J. M.: Developmental outcomes for children with spina bifida and hydrocephalus. In: M. G. Tramontane and S. R. Hooper (editors) Advances in child neuropsychology, Volume 2 (New York: Springer-Verlag), pp. 85–118, 1994.
    • (1994) Advances in child neuropsychology , vol.2 , pp. 85-118
    • LANDRY, S.H.1    JORDAN, T.2    FLETCHER, J.M.3
  • 31
    • 0021634010 scopus 로고
    • Attention deficits in long-term survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia
    • BROUWERS, P., RICCARDI, R., POPLACK, D. Attention deficits in long-term survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Journal of Clinical Neuropsychology, 6: 325-336, 1984.
    • (1984) Journal of Clinical Neuropsychology , vol.6 , pp. 325-336
    • BROUWERS, P.1    RICCARDI, R.2    POPLACK, D.3
  • 32
    • 0026408613 scopus 로고
    • CNS prophylaxis of childhood leukemia: what are the long term neurological, neuropsychological and behavioral effects?
    • STEHBENS, J. A., KALETTA, T. A., NOLL, R. B. et al.: CNS prophylaxis of childhood leukemia: what are the long term neurological, neuropsychological and behavioral effects? Neuropsychological Review, 2: 147-177, 1991.
    • (1991) Neuropsychological Review , vol.2 , pp. 147-177
    • STEHBENS, J.A.1    KALETTA, T.A.2    NOLL, R.B.3
  • 33
    • 0002623172 scopus 로고
    • Developmental neuropsychological assessment: the systemic approach
    • In: A. A. Boulton, G. B. Baker and M. Hiscock (editors) (Clifton, NJ: The Humana Press Inc)
    • HOLMES-BERNSTEIN, J. and WABER, D. P.: Developmental neuropsychological assessment: the systemic approach. In: A. A. Boulton, G. B. Baker and M. Hiscock (editors) Neuromethods: Volume 17: Neuropsychology (Clifton, NJ: The Humana Press Inc), pp. 311–371, 1990.
    • (1990) Neuromethods: Volume 17: Neuropsychology , pp. 311-371
    • HOLMES-BERNSTEIN, J.1    WABER, D.P.2
  • 35
    • 0026686281 scopus 로고
    • Child neuropsychological assessment: a test of basic assumptions
    • TAYLOR, H. G. and SCHATSCHNEIDER. C.: Child neuropsychological assessment: a test of basic assumptions. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 6: 259-275, 1992.
    • (1992) The Clinical Neuropsychologist , vol.6 , pp. 259-275
    • TAYLOR, H.G.1    SCHATSCHNEIDER., C.2
  • 37
    • 0026916541 scopus 로고
    • Biological and psychological development of executive functions
    • STUSS, D. T.: Biological and psychological development of executive functions. Brain and Cognition, 20: 8-23, 1992.
    • (1992) Brain and Cognition , vol.20 , pp. 8-23
    • STUSS, D.T.1
  • 38
    • 0025120585 scopus 로고
    • Disorders in executive control functions among aphasie and other brain damaged patients
    • GLOSSER, G. and GOODGLASS, H.: Disorders in executive control functions among aphasie and other brain damaged patients. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 12: 485-501, 1990.
    • (1990) Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology , vol.12 , pp. 485-501
    • GLOSSER, G.1    GOODGLASS, H.2
  • 39
    • 0002632927 scopus 로고
    • Organizational deficits in dyslexia: possible frontal lobe dysfunction
    • LEVIN, B.: Organizational deficits in dyslexia: possible frontal lobe dysfunction. Developmental Neuropsychology, 6: 95-110, 1990.
    • (1990) Developmental Neuropsychology , vol.6 , pp. 95-110
    • LEVIN, B.1
  • 42
    • 84958366379 scopus 로고
    • Disorganization of behavior after frontal lobe damage
    • DUNCAN, J.: Disorganization of behavior after frontal lobe damage. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 3: 271-290, 1986.
    • (1986) Cognitive Neuropsychology , vol.3 , pp. 271-290
    • DUNCAN, J.1
  • 43
    • 0004243597 scopus 로고
    • (New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts)
    • NEISSER, U.: Cognitive psychology (New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts), 1967.
    • (1967) Cognitive psychology
    • NEISSER, U.1
  • 44
    • 6844255355 scopus 로고
    • Differential behavioral effects of frontal lobe disease
    • BENTON, A. L.: Differential behavioral effects of frontal lobe disease. Neuropsychologia, 6: 53-60, 1968.
    • (1968) Neuropsychologia , vol.6 , pp. 53-60
    • BENTON, A.L.1
  • 45
    • 0000001578 scopus 로고
    • Assessment of frontal lobe dysfunction
    • In: J. R. Crawford, D. M. Parker and W. W. McKinlay (editors) (Hove, UK: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Ltd)
    • PARKER, D. M. and CRAWFORD, J. R.: Assessment of frontal lobe dysfunction. In: J. R. Crawford, D. M. Parker and W. W. McKinlay (editors) A handbook of neuropsychological assessment (Hove, UK: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Ltd), pp. 267–294, 1992.
    • (1992) A handbook of neuropsychological assessment , pp. 267-294
    • PARKER, D.M.1    CRAWFORD, J.R.2
  • 47
    • 33645612292 scopus 로고
    • Assessing frontal lobe functioning in children: views from developmental psychology
    • WELSH, M. C. and PENNINGTON, B. F.: Assessing frontal lobe functioning in children: views from developmental psychology. Development Neuropsychology, 4: 199-230, 1988.
    • (1988) Development Neuropsychology , vol.4 , pp. 199-230
    • WELSH, M.C.1    PENNINGTON, B.F.2
  • 48
    • 84955080093 scopus 로고
    • Organic implications of neuropsychological deficits in the elderly
    • In: L. W. Poon, J. Fozard, L. Cermak et al (editors) (Hillside, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc.)
    • ALBERT, M. S. and KAPLAN, E. F.: Organic implications of neuropsychological deficits in the elderly. In: L. W. Poon, J. Fozard, L. Cermak et al. (editors) New directions in memory and ageing: Proceedings of the George A. Talland Memorial Conference (Hillside, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc.), pp. 403–432, 1980.
    • (1980) New directions in memory and ageing: Proceedings of the George A. Talland Memorial Conference , pp. 403-432
    • ALBERT, M.S.1    KAPLAN, E.F.2
  • 49
    • 0026939819 scopus 로고
    • The relations between frontal brain electrical activity and cognitive development during infancy
    • BELL, M. A. and Fox, N. A.: The relations between frontal brain electrical activity and cognitive development during infancy. Child Development, 63: 1142-1163, 1992.
    • (1992) Child Development , vol.63 , pp. 1142-1163
    • BELL, M.A.1    Fox, N.A.2
  • 50
    • 84963178455 scopus 로고
    • Maturation of the human frontal lobes. Physiological evidence for staging
    • THATCHER, R. W.: Maturation of the human frontal lobes. Physiological evidence for staging. Developmental Neuropsychology, 7: 397-419, 1991.
    • (1991) Developmental Neuropsychology , vol.7 , pp. 397-419
    • THATCHER, R.W.1
  • 51
    • 0026917480 scopus 로고
    • Cyclical cortical reorganization during early childhood
    • THATCHER, R. W.: Cyclical cortical reorganization during early childhood. Brain and Cognition, 20: 25-50, 1992.
    • (1992) Brain and Cognition , vol.20 , pp. 25-50
    • THATCHER, R.W.1
  • 52
    • 0016745092 scopus 로고
    • The Spreen Benton Aphasia Tests: normative data as a measure of normal language development
    • GADDES, W. H. and CROCKEIT, D. J.: The Spreen Benton Aphasia Tests: normative data as a measure of normal language development. Brain and Language, 2: 257-279, 1975.
    • (1975) Brain and Language , vol.2 , pp. 257-279
    • GADDES, W.H.1    CROCKEIT, D.J.2
  • 54
    • 0000787339 scopus 로고
    • Developmental analysis of three aspects of information processing: sustained attention, selective attention, and response organization
    • McKAY, K. E., HALPERIN, J. M., SCHWARTZ, S. T. et al.: Developmental analysis of three aspects of information processing: sustained attention, selective attention, and response organization. Developmental Neuropsychology, 10: 121-132, 1994.
    • (1994) Developmental Neuropsychology , vol.10 , pp. 121-132
    • McKAY, K., E.1    HALPERIN, J., M.2    SCHWARTZ, S., T.3
  • 55
    • 0001050076 scopus 로고
    • Children's attentional allocation, understanding of attention, and performance on the incidental learning task
    • MILLER, P. H. and WEISS, M. G.: Children's attentional allocation, understanding of attention, and performance on the incidental learning task. Child Development, 52: 1183-1190, 1981.
    • (1981) Child Development , vol.52 , pp. 1183-1190
    • MILLER, P.H.1    WEISS, M.G.2
  • 57
    • 0000616712 scopus 로고
    • P300 altency and memory span development
    • HOWARD, L. and POLICH, J.: P300 altency and memory span development. Developmental Psychology, 21: 283-289, 1985.
    • (1985) Developmental Psychology , vol.21 , pp. 283-289
    • HOWARD, L.1    POLICH, J.2
  • 58
    • 0004030013 scopus 로고
    • (Oxford: Oxford University Press)
    • BADDELEY, A.: Working memory (Oxford: Oxford University Press), 1986.
    • (1986) Working memory
    • BADDELEY, A.1
  • 60
    • 0001053057 scopus 로고
    • The role of inference in children's comprehension and memory for sentences
    • PARIS, S. G. and LINDAUER, B. K.: The role of inference in children's comprehension and memory for sentences. Cognitive Psychology, 8: 217-227, 1976.
    • (1976) Cognitive Psychology , vol.8 , pp. 217-227
    • PARIS, S.G.1    LINDAUER, B.K.2
  • 61
    • 0000004705 scopus 로고
    • The functional equivalence of problem solving skills
    • SIMON, H. A.: The functional equivalence of problem solving skills. Cognitive Psychology, 7: 268-288, 1975.
    • (1975) Cognitive Psychology , vol.7 , pp. 268-288
    • SIMON, H.A.1
  • 62
    • 0027258373 scopus 로고
    • Old and new facts about perinatal brain development
    • CAESER, P.: Old and new facts about perinatal brain development. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 34: 101-109, 1993.
    • (1993) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry , vol.34 , pp. 101-109
    • CAESER, P.1
  • 67
    • 0002935802 scopus 로고
    • Development of the child's brain and behaviour
    • In: C. Reynolds and E. Fletcher-Janzen (editors) (New York: Plenum)
    • KOLB, B. and FANTIE, B.: Development of the child's brain and behaviour. In: C. Reynolds and E. Fletcher-Janzen (editors) Handbook of clinical child neuropsychology (New York: Plenum), pp. 17–39, 1989.
    • (1989) Handbook of clinical child neuropsychology , pp. 17-39
    • KOLB, B.1    FANTIE, B.2
  • 68
    • 2842546045 scopus 로고
    • Neuropsychology of the developing drain: implications for neuropsychological assessment
    • In: M. G. Tramontane and S. R. Hooper (editors) (New York: Plenum)
    • RISSER, A. H. and EDGELL, D.: Neuropsychology of the developing drain: implications for neuropsychological assessment. In: M. G. Tramontane and S. R. Hooper (editors) Assessment issues in child neuropsychology (New York: Plenum), pp. 41–60, 1988.
    • (1988) Assessment issues in child neuropsychology , pp. 41-60
    • RISSER, A.H.1    EDGELL, D.2
  • 69
    • 0001465822 scopus 로고
    • The Luria-Nebraska Children's Battery: theory and formulation
    • In: G. W. Hynd and J. E. Obrzut (editors) (New York: Grune & Stratton)
    • GOLDEN, C. J.: The Luria-Nebraska Children's Battery: theory and formulation. In: G. W. Hynd and J. E. Obrzut (editors) Neuropsychologial assessment of the school-aged child (New York: Grune & Stratton), pp. 277–302, 1981.
    • (1981) Neuropsychologial assessment of the school-aged child , pp. 277-302
    • GOLDEN, C.J.1
  • 70
    • 0023635631 scopus 로고
    • Positron emission tomography study of human brain functional development
    • CHUGANI, H. T., PHELPS, M. E. and MAZZIOTTA, J. C.: Positron emission tomography study of human brain functional development. Annals of Neurology, 22: 287-297, 1987.
    • (1987) Annals of Neurology , vol.22 , pp. 287-297
    • CHUGANI, H.T.1    PHELPS, M.E.2    MAZZIOTTA, J.C.3
  • 71
    • 0026479453 scopus 로고
    • Architecture and cortical connections of prefrontal cortex in the rhesus monkey
    • In: P. Chauvel and A. Delgado-Esceuta (editors) (New York: Raven Press)
    • BARBAS, H.: Architecture and cortical connections of prefrontal cortex in the rhesus monkey: In: P. Chauvel and A. Delgado-Esceuta (editors) Advances in neurology (New York: Raven Press), pp. 91–115, 1992.
    • (1992) Advances in neurology , pp. 91-115
    • BARBAS, H.1
  • 73
    • 0027182813 scopus 로고
    • Myelination of the brain in MRI: a staging system
    • STAUDT, M., SCHROPP, C., STAUDT, F. et al.: Myelination of the brain in MRI: a staging system. Pediatric Radiology, 23: 169-176, 1993.
    • (1993) Pediatric Radiology , vol.23 , pp. 169-176
    • STAUDT, M.1    SCHROPP, C.2    STAUDT, F.3
  • 74
    • 84995020688 scopus 로고
    • Age specific approach to neurological assessment in the first year of life
    • CAESAR, P. and LAGAE, L.: Age specific approach to neurological assessment in the first year of life. A eta Pediatrica Japonica, 33: 125-138, 1991.
    • (1991) A eta Pediatrica Japonica , vol.33 , pp. 125-138
    • CAESAR, P.1    LAGAE, L.2
  • 75
    • 0018177205 scopus 로고
    • RNA content and volume of nerve cell bodies in human brain: I. Prefrontal cortex in aging normal and demented patients
    • UEMURA, E. and HARTMAN, H. A.: RNA content and volume of nerve cell bodies in human brain: I. Prefrontal cortex in aging normal and demented patients. Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology, 37: 487-496, 1978.
    • (1978) Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology , vol.37 , pp. 487-496
    • UEMURA, E.1    HARTMAN, H.A.2
  • 76
    • 0019947554 scopus 로고
    • Local cerebral glucose utilization in the newborn macaque monkey
    • KENNEDY, C., SAKURADA, O., SHINOHARA, M. et al.: Local cerebral glucose utilization in the newborn macaque monkey. Annals of Neurology, 12: 333-340, 1982.
    • (1982) Annals of Neurology , vol.12 , pp. 333-340
    • KENNEDY, C.1    SAKURADA, O.2    SHINOHARA, M.3
  • 77
    • 0022450104 scopus 로고
    • Concurrent overproduction of synapses in diverse regions of the primate cerebral cortex
    • RAKIC, P., BOURGEOIS, J-P., ECKENHOFF, et al.: Concurrent overproduction of synapses in diverse regions of the primate cerebral cortex. Science, 232: 232-235, 1986.
    • (1986) Science , vol.232 , pp. 232-235
    • RAKIC, P.1    BOURGEOIS, J.-P.2    ECKENHOFF3
  • 78
    • 0025718890 scopus 로고
    • Synchronised overproduction of neurotransmitter receptors in diverse regions of the primate cerebral cortex
    • LIDOW, M. and GOLDMAN-RAKIC, P. S.: Synchronised overproduction of neurotransmitter receptors in diverse regions of the primate cerebral cortex. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, 88: 10218-10221, 1991.
    • (1991) Proceedings of the National Academy of Science , vol.88 , pp. 10218-10221
    • LIDOW, M.1    GOLDMAN-RAKIC, P., S.2
  • 79
    • 0002098265 scopus 로고
    • Myelination and behaviour development a comparative perspective on questions of neoteny, altriciality, and intelligence
    • In: K. R. Gibson and A. C. Petersen (editors) (New York: Aldine De Gruter)
    • GIBSON, K. R.: Myelination and behaviour development a comparative perspective on questions of neoteny, altriciality, and intelligence. In: K. R. Gibson and A. C. Petersen (editors) Brain maturation and cognitive development: Comparative and cross-cultural perspectives (New York: Aldine De Gruter), pp. 29–64,1991.
    • (1991) Brain maturation and cognitive development: Comparative and cross-cultural perspectives , pp. 29-64
    • GIBSON, K.R.1
  • 81
    • 21144461324 scopus 로고
    • Cognitive development: past, present, and future
    • FLAVELL, J. H.: Cognitive development: past, present, and future. Developmental Psychology, 28: 998-1005, 1992.
    • (1992) Developmental Psychology , vol.28 , pp. 998-1005
    • FLAVELL, J.H.1
  • 83
    • 0000021867 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for involvement of prefront cortex in cognitive changes during the first year of life: comparison of human infants and rhesus monkeys on a detour task with transparent barrier
    • DIAMOND, A. and GOLDMAN-RAKIC, P. S.: Evidence for involvement of prefront cortex in cognitive changes during the first year of life: comparison of human infants and rhesus monkeys on a detour task with transparent barrier. Neurosciences Abstracts (Pt. II), 11: 832, 1985.
    • (1985) Neurosciences Abstracts (Pt. II) , vol.11 , pp. 832
    • DIAMOND, A.1    GOLDMAN-RAKIC, P., S.2
  • 84
    • 84952398592 scopus 로고
    • Neuropsychology development of non-verbal behaviours attributed to the frontal lobes
    • BECKER, M. G., ISAAC, W. and HYND, G.: Neuropsychology development of non-verbal behaviours attributed to the frontal lobes. Developmental Neuropsychology, 3: 275-298, 1987.
    • (1987) Developmental Neuropsychology , vol.3 , pp. 275-298
    • BECKER, M.G.1    ISAAC, W.2    HYND, G.3
  • 86
    • 33749169804 scopus 로고
    • A simple objective treatment for measuring flexibility in thinking
    • BERG, E. A.: A simple objective treatment for measuring flexibility in thinking. Journal of General Psychology, 39: 15-22, 1948.
    • (1948) Journal of General Psychology , vol.39 , pp. 15-22
    • BERG, E.A.1
  • 89
    • 84909719755 scopus 로고
    • Neuropsychological assessment in clinical child psychology
    • In: B. B. Lahey and A. E. Kazden (editors) (New York: Plenum Press)
    • HYND, G. W., SNOW, J. and BECKER, M. G.: Neuropsychological assessment in clinical child psychology. In: B. B. Lahey and A. E. Kazden (editors) Advance in Clinical Child Psychology, Volume 9 (New York: Plenum Press), pp. 35–86, 1986.
    • (1986) Advance in Clinical Child Psychology , vol.9 , pp. 35-86
    • HYND, G.W.1    SNOW, J.2    BECKER, M.G.3
  • 92
    • 0342594554 scopus 로고
    • Neuropsychological assessment in children
    • In: G. Goldstein and M. Herson (editors) 2nd edn (New York: Pergamon)
    • TAYLOR, H. G. and FLETCHER, J. M.: Neuropsychological assessment in children. In: G. Goldstein and M. Herson (editors) Handbook of psychological assessment, 2nd edn (New York: Pergamon), pp. 228–255, 1990.
    • (1990) Handbook of psychological assessment , pp. 228-255
    • TAYLOR, H.G.1    FLETCHER, J.M.2
  • 94
    • 84956389777 scopus 로고
    • Validation of executive function tasks with young children
    • GYNS, J. A. and WILLIS, G. W.: Validation of executive function tasks with young children. Developmental Psychology, 7:487-501, 1991.
    • (1991) Developmental Psychology , vol.7 , pp. 487-501
    • GYNS, J.A.1    WILLIS, G.W.2
  • 95
    • 0001762510 scopus 로고
    • Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and executive dysfunction
    • READER, M. J., HARRIS, E. L., SCHUERHOLZ, L. J. et al.: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and executive dysfunction. Developmental Neuropsychology, 10: 493-512, 1994.
    • (1994) Developmental Neuropsychology , vol.10 , pp. 493-512
    • READER, M.J.1    HARRIS, E.L.2    SCHUERHOLZ, L.J.3
  • 96
    • 0028240312 scopus 로고
    • Are tests of frontal lobe functions useful in diagnosis of attention deficit disorder?
    • BARKLEY, R. A. and GRODZINSKY, G.: Are tests of frontal lobe functions useful in diagnosis of attention deficit disorder? The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 8: 121-139, 1994.
    • (1994) The Clinical Neuropsychologist , vol.8 , pp. 121-139
    • BARKLEY, R.A.1    GRODZINSKY, G.2
  • 97
    • 13844265017 scopus 로고
    • Executive functions in school-aged children: potential efficacy of tasks in discriminating clinical groups
    • WEYANDT, I. L. and WILLIS, W. G.: Executive functions in school-aged children: potential efficacy of tasks in discriminating clinical groups. Developmental Neuropsychology, 10: 27-38,1994.
    • (1994) Developmental Neuropsychology , vol.10 , pp. 27-38
    • WEYANDT, I.L.1    WILLIS, W.G.2
  • 98
    • 0031108115 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Executive functions following moderate to severe frontal lobe injury: impact of injury and age at injury
    • GARTH, J., ANDERSON, V. and WRENNALL, J.: Executive functions following moderate to severe frontal lobe injury: impact of injury and age at injury. Pediatric Rehabilitation, 1:99-108,1997.
    • (1997) Pediatric Rehabilitation , vol.1 , pp. 99-108
    • GARTH, J.1    ANDERSON, V.2    WRENNALL, J.3
  • 111
    • 0000712569 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Performance of learning disabled and non-learning disabled children on the Rey-Osterreith Complex Figure
    • WABER, D. P. and BERNSTEIN, J. H.: Performance of learning disabled and non-learning disabled children on the Rey-Osterreith Complex Figure. Developmental Neuropsychology, 11: 237-252.
    • Developmental Neuropsychology , vol.11 , pp. 237-252
    • WABER, D.P.1    BERNSTEIN, J.H.2
  • 112
    • 0029076439 scopus 로고
    • Adverse outcomes of bacterial meningitis in school-age survivors
    • GRIMWOOD, K., ANDERSON, V. A., BOND, L. et al.: Adverse outcomes of bacterial meningitis in school-age survivors. Pediatrics, 95: 646-656, 1995.
    • (1995) Pediatrics , vol.95 , pp. 646-656
    • GRIMWOOD, K.1    ANDERSON, V.A.2    BOND, L.3
  • 113
    • 0002089044 scopus 로고
    • Neuropsycho logical diagnostic profiles of children who received CNS treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia: the systemic approach to assessment
    • WABER, D. P., BERNSTEIN, J. H., KAMMERER, B. L. et al.: Neuropsycho logical diagnostic profiles of children who received CNS treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia: the systemic approach to assessment. Developmental Neuropsychology, 8: 1-28, 1992.
    • (1992) Developmental Neuropsychology , vol.8 , pp. 1-28
    • WABER, D.P.1    BERNSTEIN, J.H.2    KAMMERER, B.L.3
  • 116
    • 0001285064 scopus 로고
    • Tower of London performance in relation to magnetic resonance imaging following closed head injury in children
    • LEVIN, H. S., MENDELSOHN, D., LILY, M. A. et al.: Tower of London performance in relation to magnetic resonance imaging following closed head injury in children. Neuropsychology, 8: 171-179, 1994.
    • (1994) Neuropsychology , vol.8 , pp. 171-179
    • LEVIN, H.S.1    MENDELSOHN, D.2    LILY, M.A.3
  • 117
    • 0025080662 scopus 로고
    • Neuropsychological function in adolescents sustaining mild closed head injury
    • BASSETT, S. S. and SLATER, E. J.: Neuropsychological function in adolescents sustaining mild closed head injury. Journal of Paediatric Psychology, 15: 225-236, 1990.
    • (1990) Journal of Paediatric Psychology , vol.15 , pp. 225-236
    • BASSETT, S.S.1    SLATER, E.J.2
  • 118
    • 0031107931 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurobehavioural sequelae following cranial irradiation and chemotherapy in children: an analysis of risk factors
    • ANDERSON, V., GODBER, T., SMIBERT, E. et al.: Neurobehavioural sequelae following cranial irradiation and chemotherapy in children: an analysis of risk factors. Pediatric Rehabilitation, 1: 63-76, 1997.
    • (1997) Pediatric Rehabilitation , vol.1 , pp. 63-76
    • ANDERSON, V.1    GODBER, T.2    SMIBERT, E.3
  • 119
    • 84981914695 scopus 로고
    • Ability profiles of learning disabled children
    • ANDERSON, V. and STANLEY, G. V.: Ability profiles of learning disabled children. Australian Psychologist, 27: 48-51, 1992.
    • (1992) Australian Psychologist , vol.27 , pp. 48-51
    • ANDERSON, V.1    STANLEY, G.V.2
  • 120
    • 0028435427 scopus 로고
    • Neuropsychological differences between college students with learning disabilities and those with mild head injury
    • BEERS, S. R., GOLDSTEIN, G. and KATZ, L. J.: Neuropsychological differences between college students with learning disabilities and those with mild head injury. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 27: 315-324, 1994.
    • (1994) Journal of Learning Disabilities , vol.27 , pp. 315-324
    • BEERS, S.R.1    GOLDSTEIN, G.2    KATZ, L.J.3
  • 121
    • 0015702241 scopus 로고
    • The use of classification for problem solving: a comparison of middle and old age
    • DENNY, D. R. and DENNY, N. W.: The use of classification for problem solving: a comparison of middle and old age. Development Psychology, 9: 275-278, 1973.
    • (1973) Development Psychology , vol.9 , pp. 275-278
    • DENNY, D.R.1    DENNY, N.W.2
  • 123
    • 0024582885 scopus 로고
    • Behaviors analogous to frontal lobe dysfunction in children with attention deficit disorder
    • BOUCUGNANI, L. L. and JONES, R. W.: Behaviors analogous to frontal lobe dysfunction in children with attention deficit disorder. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 4: 161-173, 1989.
    • (1989) Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology , vol.4 , pp. 161-173
    • BOUCUGNANI, L.L.1    JONES, R.W.2
  • 125
    • 57049145197 scopus 로고
    • Studies of interference in serial verbal reaction
    • STROOP, J. R.: Studies of interference in serial verbal reaction. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 18: 643-662, 1935.
    • (1935) Journal of Experimental Psychology , vol.18 , pp. 643-662
    • STROOP, J.R.1
  • 127
    • 0019588260 scopus 로고
    • A prospective study of children with head injuries: IV. Specific cognitive deficits
    • CHADWICK, O., RUTTER, M., SHAFFER, D.: A prospective study of children with head injuries: IV. Specific cognitive deficits. Journal of Clinical Neuropsychology, 3: 101-120, 1981.
    • (1981) Journal of Clinical Neuropsychology , vol.3 , pp. 101-120
    • CHADWICK, O.1    RUTTER, M.2    SHAFFER, D.3
  • 128
    • 0025869143 scopus 로고
    • Deficits in strategy application following frontal lobe damage in man
    • SHALLICE, T. and BURGESS, P.: Deficits in strategy application following frontal lobe damage in man. Brain, 114: 727-741,1981.
    • (1981) Brain , vol.114 , pp. 727-741
    • SHALLICE, T.1    BURGESS, P.2
  • 129
    • 0028834340 scopus 로고
    • Concept generation: validation of a test of executive functioning in a normal aging population
    • LEVINE, B., STUSS, D. T. and MILBERG, W. P.: Concept generation: validation of a test of executive functioning in a normal aging population. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 17: 740-758, 1995.
    • (1995) Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology , vol.17 , pp. 740-758
    • LEVINE, B.1    STUSS, D.T.2    MILBERG, W.P.3
  • 130
    • 0025630023 scopus 로고
    • Knowing the meaning, getting the point, bridging the gap, and carrying the message: aspects of discourse following closed head injury in childhood and adolescence
    • DENNIS, M. and BARNES, M. A.: Knowing the meaning, getting the point, bridging the gap, and carrying the message: aspects of discourse following closed head injury in childhood and adolescence. Brain and Language, 39: 428-446, 1990.
    • (1990) Brain and Language , vol.39 , pp. 428-446
    • DENNIS, M.1    BARNES, M.A.2
  • 131
    • 0026590885 scopus 로고
    • Three discourse profiles of closed-head-injury speakers: theoretical and clinical implications
    • HARTLEY, L. and JENSENS, P.: Three discourse profiles of closed-head-injury speakers: theoretical and clinical implications. Brain Injury, 6: 271-282, 1991.
    • (1991) Brain Injury , vol.6 , pp. 271-282
    • HARTLEY, L.1    JENSENS, P.2
  • 132
    • 0018594651 scopus 로고
    • A cognitive model of planning
    • HAYES-ROTH, B. and HAYES-ROTH, F.: A cognitive model of planning. Cognitive Science, 3: 275-310, 1979.
    • (1979) Cognitive Science , vol.3 , pp. 275-310
    • HAYES-ROTH, B.1
  • 133
    • 84970522027 scopus 로고
    • Investigating the effects of planning aids on adults' and adolescents' organisation of a complex task
    • CHALMERS, D. and LAWRENCE, J. A.: Investigating the effects of planning aids on adults' and adolescents' organisation of a complex task. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 16: 191-214, 1993.
    • (1993) International Journal of Behavioral Development , vol.16 , pp. 191-214
    • CHALMERS, D.1    LAWRENCE, J.A.2
  • 135
    • 0025396770 scopus 로고
    • Learning to solve a problem: a microanalysis of the solution strategies of children with learning disabilities
    • WANSART, W.: Learning to solve a problem: a microanalysis of the solution strategies of children with learning disabilities. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 23: 164-170, 1990.
    • (1990) Journal of Learning Disabilities , vol.23 , pp. 164-170
    • WANSART, W.1
  • 136
    • 0030934726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Childhood bacterial meningitis: impact of age at illness and medical complications on long term outcome
    • ANDERSON, V., BOND, L., CATROPPA, C. et al.: Childhood bacterial meningitis: impact of age at illness and medical complications on long term outcome. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 3: 147-158, 1997.
    • (1997) Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , vol.3 , pp. 147-158
    • ANDERSON, V.1    BOND, L.2    CATROPPA, C.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.