Nonpharmacological interventions for ADHD: Systematic review and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials of dietary and psychological treatments

American Journal of Psychiatry

Volumn 170, Issue 3, 2013, Pages 275-289

  Sonuga Barke, E J ^b   Brandeis, Daniel ^b   Cortese, S ^b   Daley, David ^b   Ferrin, M ^b   Holtmann, M ^b   Stevenson, Jim ^b   Danckaerts, M ^b   Van Der Oord, S ^b   Dopfner M ^b   Dittmann, Ralf W ^b   Simonoff, E ^b   Zuddas, A ^b   Banaschewski, Tobias ^b   Buitelaar, J ^b   Coghill, D ^b   Hollis, Chris ^b   Konofal, E ^b   Lecendreux, Michel ^b   Wong, I ^b   Sergeant, J A ^b   Brandies, D ^b   Coates, J ^b   Falissard, B ^b   Graham, J ^b   Hamilton, R ^b   Hulpke Wette, M ^b   Rosenthal, E ^b   Rothenberger, A ^b   Santosh, P ^b   Sayal, K ^b   Steinhausen, H Ch ^b   Stringaris, A ^b   Taylor, E ^b   Thompson, M ^b   more..

^a UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON   (United Kingdom)

^b NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

OMEGA 3 FATTY ACID; OMEGA 6 FATTY ACID; PLACEBO;

ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER; BEHAVIOR THERAPY; COGNITIVE THERAPY; DIET RESTRICTION; DIET SUPPLEMENTATION; DIET THERAPY; HUMAN; META ANALYSIS; NEUROFEEDBACK; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSYCHIATRIC TREATMENT; REVIEW; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; THERAPY EFFECT; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 84873621070     PISSN: 0002953X     EISSN: 15357228     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2012.12070991     Document Type: Review

References (86)

1. Polanczyk G, Rohde LA: Epidemiology of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder across the lifespan. Curr Opin Psychiatry 2007;20:386-392 (Pubitemid 46889666)
2. Swanson JM, Sergeant JA, Taylor E, Sonuga-Barke EJS, Jensen PS, Cantwell DP: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and hyperkinetic disorder. Lancet 1998;351:429-433 (Pubitemid 28064176)
3. Biederman J, Monuteaux MC, Mick E, Spencer T, Wilens TE, Silva JM, Snyder LE, Faraone SV: Young adult outcome of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a controlled 10-year follow-up study. Psychol Med 2006;36:167-179 (Pubitemid 43126141)
4. Pelham WE, Foster EM, Robb JÁ: The economic impact of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents. J Pediatr Psychol 2007;32:711-727 (Pubitemid 47356048)
5. Taylor E, Döpfner M, Sergeant J, Asherson P, Banaschewski T, Buitelaar J, Coghill D, Danckaerts M, Rothenberger A, Sonuga-Barke E, Steinhausen HC, Zuddas A: European clinical guidelines for hyperkinetic disorder: first upgrade. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2004;13(suppl 1):I7-I30
6. Banaschewski T, Coghill D, Santosh P, Zuddas A, Asherson P, Buitelaar J, Danckaerts M, Döpfner M, Faraone SV, Rothenberger A, Sergeant J, Steinhausen HC, Sonuga-Barke EJ, Taylor E: Longacting medications for the hyperkinetic disorders: a systematic review and European treatment guideline. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2006;15:476-495 (Pubitemid 46020533)
7. Van De Loo-Neus GH, Rommelse N, Buitelaar JK: To stop or not to stop? How long should medication treatment of attentiondeficit hyperactivity disorder be extended? Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2011;21:584-599
8. Graham J, Banaschewski T, Buitelaar J, Coghill D, Danckaerts M, Dittmann RW, Döpfner M, Hamilton R, Hollis C, Holtmann M, Hulpke-Wette M, Lecendreux M, Rosenthal E, Rothenberger A, Santosh P, Sergeant J, Simonoff E, Sonuga-Barke E, Wong IC, Zuddas A, Steinhausen HC, Taylor E; European Guidelines Group: European guidelines on managing adverse effects of medication for ADHD. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2011;20:17-37
9. Berger I, Dor T, Nevo Y, Goldzweig G: Attitudes toward attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) treatment: parents' and children's perspectives. J Child Neurol 2008;23:1036-1042
10. Nigg JT, Lewis K, Edinger T, Falk M: Meta-analysis of attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms, restriction diet, and synthetic food color additives. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2012;51:86-97, e8
11. Bloch MH, Qawasmi A: Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation for the treatment of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptomatology: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2011;50:991-1000
12. Markomichali P, Donnelly N, Sonuga-Barke EJ: Cognitive training for attention, inhibition, and working memory deficits: a potential treatment for ADHD? Advances in ADHD 2009;3:89-96
13. Arns M, De Ridder S, Strehl U, Breteler M, Coenen A: Efficacy of neurofeedback treatment in ADHD: the effects on inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity: a meta-analysis. Clin EEG Neurosci 2009;40:180-189
14. Fabiano GA, Pelham WE Jr, Coles EK, Gnagy EM, Chronis-Tuscano A, O'Connor BC: A meta-analysis of behavioral treatments for attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder. Clin Psychol Rev 2009;29:129-140
15. Jadad AR, Enkin MW: Randomized Controlled Trials: Questions, Answers, and Musings, 2nd ed. London, BMJ Books/Blackwell, 2007
16. Pelsser LM, Frankena K, Toorman J, Savelkoul HF, Dubois AE, Pereira RR, Haagen TA, Rommelse NN, Buitelaar JK: Effects of a restricted elimination diet on the behaviour of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (INCA study): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2011;377:494-503
17. Lee PC, Niew WI, Yang HJ, Chen VC, Lin KC: A meta-analysis of behavioral parent training for children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Res Dev Disabil 2012;33:2040-2049
18. Van Driel ML, De Sutter A, De Maeseneer J, Christiaens T: Searching for unpublished trials in Cochrane reviews may not be worth the effort. J Clin Epidemiol 2009;62:838-844, e3
19. Goyette CH, Conners CK, Ulrich RF: Normative data on revised Conners Parent and Teacher Rating Scales. J Abnorm Child Psychol 1978;6:221-236 (Pubitemid 10191762)
20. Elander J, Rutter M: Use and development of the Rutter parents' and teachers' scales. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res 1996;6:63-78 (Pubitemid 126812774)
21. Jadad AR, Moore RA, Carroll D, Jenkinson C, Reynolds DJ, Gavaghan DJ, McQuay HJ: Assessing the quality of reports of randomized clinical trials: is blinding necessary? Control Clin Trials 1996;17:1-12 (Pubitemid 26120810)
22. RevMan, version 5.1. Copenhagen, Nordic Cochrane Centre, Cochrane Collaboration, 2011
23. Morris SB: Estimating effect sizes from pretest-posttest-control group designs. Organizational Research Methods 2008;11:364-386
24. Elbourne DR, Altman DG, Higgins JPT, Curtin F, Worthington HV, Vail A: Meta-analyses involving cross-over trials: methodological issues. Int J Epidemiol 2002;31:140-149 (Pubitemid 34284916)
25. Deeks JJ, Higgins JPT, Statistical Methods Group of The Cochrane Collaboration: Statistical Algorithms in Review Manager 5, August 2010 (http://ims.cochrane.org/revman/documentation/Statistical-methods-in-RevMan-5. pdf)
26. Higgins JPT, Green S (eds): Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions, Version 5.1.0. Cochrane Collaboration, March 2011 (http://www.cochrane-handbook.org/)
27. Field AP, Gillett R: How to do a meta-analysis. Br J Math Stat Psychol 2010;63:665-694
28. Hedges LV, Pigott TD: The power of statistical tests in metaanalysis. Psychol Methods 2001;6:203-217
29. Ioannidis JPA: Interpretation of tests of heterogeneity and bias in meta-analysis. J Eval Clin Pract 2008;14:951-957
30. Peters JL, Sutton AJ, Jones DR, Abrams KR, Rushton L, Moreno SG: Assessing publication bias in meta-analyses in the presence of between-study heterogeneity. J R Stat Soc Ser A Stat Soc 2010;173:575-591
31. Boris M, Mandel FS: Foods and additives are common causes of the attention deficit hyperactive disorder in children. Ann Allergy 1994;72:462-468 (Pubitemid 24148014)
32. Kaplan BJ, McNicol J, Conte RA, Moghadam HK: Dietary replacement in preschool-aged hyperactive boys. Pediatrics 1989;83:7-17
33. Carter CM, Urbanowicz M, Hemsley R, Mantilla L, Strobel S, Graham PJ, Taylor E: Effects of a few food diet in attention deficit disorder. Arch Dis Child 1993;69:564-568 (Pubitemid 23355850)
34. Egger J, Carter CM, Graham PJ, Gumley D, Soothill JF: Controlled trial of oligoantigenic treatment in the hyperkinetic syndrome. Lancet 1985;1:540-545 (Pubitemid 15101847)
35. Pelsser LM, Frankena K, Toorman J, Savelkoul HF, Pereira RR, Buitelaar JK: A randomised controlled trial into the effects of food on ADHD. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2009;18:12-19
36. Schmidt MH, Möcks P, Lay B, Eisert HG, Fojkar R, Fritz-Sigmund D, Marcus A, Musaeus B: Does oligoantigenic diet influence hyperactive/conduct- disordered children? A controlled trial. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1997;6:88-95
37. Goyette GH, Connors CK, Petti TA, Curtis LE: Effects of artificial colors on hyperkinetic children: a double-blind challenge study [proceedings]. Psychopharmacol Bull 1978;14:39-40 (Pubitemid 8313267)
38. Harley JP, Matthews CG, Eichman P: Synthetic food colors and hyperactivity in children: a double-blind challenge experiment. Pediatrics 1978;62:975-983 (Pubitemid 9037496)
39. Williams JI, Cram DM, Tausig FT, Webster E: Relative effects of drugs and diet on hyperactive behaviors: an experimental study. Pediatrics 1978;61:811-817 (Pubitemid 8338841)
40. Conners CK, Goyette CH, Southwick DA, Lees JM, Andrulonis PA: Food additives and hyperkinesis: a controlled double-blind experiment. Pediatrics 1976;58:154-166
41. Harley JP, Ray RS, Tomasi L, Eichman PL, Matthews CG, Chun R, Cleeland CS, Traisman E: Hyperkinesis and food additives: testing the Feingold hypothesis. Pediatrics 1978;61:818-828 (Pubitemid 8338842)
42. Levy F, Hobbes G: Hyperkinesis and diet: a replication study. Am J Psychiatry 1978;135:1559-1560 (Pubitemid 9064036)
43. Adams W: Lack of behavioral effects from Feingold diet violations. Percept Mot Skills 1981;52:307-313
44. Bélanger SA, Vanasse M, Spahis S, Sylvestre MP, Lippé S, L'heureux F, Ghadirian P, Vanasse CM, Levy E: Omega-3 fatty acid treatment of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Paediatr Child Health (Oxford) 2009;14:89-98
45. Gustafsson PA, Birberg-Thornberg U, Duchén K, Landgren M, Malmberg K, Pelling H, Strandvik B, Karlsson T: EPA supplementation improves teacher-rated behaviour and oppositional symptoms in children with ADHD. Acta Paediatr 2010;99:1540-1549
46. Johnson M, Ostlund S, Fransson G, Kadesjö B, Gillberg C: Omega-3/omega-6 fatty acids for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a randomized placebo-controlled trial in children and adolescents. J Atten Disord 2009;12:394-401
47. Stevens L, Zhang W, Peck L, Kuczek T, Grevstad N, Mahon A, Zentall SS, Arnold LE, Burgess JR: EFA supplementation in children with inattention, hyperactivity, and other disruptive behaviors. Lipids 2003;38:1007-1021 (Pubitemid 37444624)
48. Voigt RG, Llorente AM, Jensen CL, Fraley JK, Berretta MC, Heird WC: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of docosahexaenoic acid supplementation in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Pediatr 2001;139:189-196 (Pubitemid 32721703)
49. Aman MG, Mitchell EA, Turbott SH: The effects of essential fatty acid supplementation by Efamol in hyperactive children. J Abnorm Child Psychol 1987;15:75-90 (Pubitemid 17039438)
50. Arnold LE, Kleykamp D, Votolato NA, Taylor WA, Kontras SB, Tobin K: Gamma-linolenic acid for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: placebo-controlled comparison to D-amphetamine. Biol Psychiatry 1989;25:222-228 (Pubitemid 19034959)
51. Hirayama S, Hamazaki T, Terasawa K: Effect of docosahexaenoic acid-containing food administration on symptoms of attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder: a placebo-controlled double-blind study. Eur J Clin Nutr 2004;58:467-473 (Pubitemid 38443707)
52. Manor I, Magen A, Keidar D, Rosen S, Tasker H, Cohen T, Richter Y, Zaaroor-Regev D, Manor Y, Weizman A: The effect of phosphatidylserine containing omega3 fatty-acids on attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms in children: a double-blind placebo-controlled trial, followed by an open-label extension. Eur Psychiatry 2012;27:335-342
53. Raz R, Carasso RL, Yehuda S: The influence of short-chain essential fatty acids on children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a double-blind placebo-controlled study. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2009;19:167-177
54. Sinn N, Bryan J: Effect of supplementation with polyunsaturated fatty acids and micronutrients on learning and behavior problems associated with child ADHD. J Dev Behav Pediatr 2007;28:82-91 (Pubitemid 46624832)
55. Rabiner DL, Murray DW, Skinner AT, Malone PS: A randomized trial of two promising computer-based interventions for students with attention difficulties. J Abnorm Child Psychol 2010;38:131-142
56. Shalev L, Tsal Y, Mevorach C: Computerized progressive attentional training (CPAT) program: effective direct intervention for children with ADHD. Child Neuropsychol 2007;13:382-388 (Pubitemid 46918901)
57. Steiner NJ, Sheldrick RC, Gotthelf D, Perrin EC: Computer-based attention training in the schools for children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a preliminary trial. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2011;50:615-622
58. Johnstone SJ, Roodenrys S, Phillips E, Watt AJ, Mantz S: A pilot study of combined working memory and inhibition training for children with AD/HD. Atten Defic Hyperact Disord 2010;2:31-42
59. Johnstone SJ, Roodenrys S, Blackman R, Johnston E, Loveday K, Mantz S, Barratt MF: Neurocognitive training for children with and without AD/HD. Atten Defic Hyperact Disord 2012;4:11-23
60. Klingberg T, Fernell E, Olesen PJ, Johnson M, Gustafsson P, Dahlström K, Gillberg CG, Forssberg H, Westerberg H: Computerized training of working memory in children with ADHD: a randomized, controlled trial. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2005;44:177-186 (Pubitemid 40189829)
61. Bakhshayesh AR, Hänsch S, Wyschkon A, Rezai MJ, Esser G: Neurofeedback in ADHD: a single-blind randomized controlled trial. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2011;20:481-491
62. Beauregard M, Lévesque J: Functional magnetic resonance imaging investigation of the effects of neurofeedback training on the neural bases of selective attention and response inhibition in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback 2006;31:3-20 (Pubitemid 43863748)
63. Holtmann M, Grasmann D, Cionek-Szpak E, Hager V, Panzner N, Beyer A, Poustka F, Stadler C: Spezifische Wirksamkeit von Neurofeedback auf die Impulsivität bei ADHS (Specific effects of neurofeedback on impulsivity in ADHD). Kindheit und Entwicklung 2009;18:95-104
64. Linden M, Habib T, Radojevic V: A controlled study of the effects of EEG biofeedback on cognition and behavior of children with attention deficit disorder and learning disabilities. Biofeedback Self Regul 1996;21:35-49 (Pubitemid 126775506)
65. Heinrich H, Gevensleben H, Freisleder FJ, Moll GH, Rothenberger A: Training of slow cortical potentials in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: evidence for positive behavioral and neurophysiological effects. Biol Psychiatry 2004;55:772-775 (Pubitemid 38376191)
66. Gevensleben H, Holl B, Albrecht B, Vogel C, Schlamp D, Kratz O, Studer P, Rothenberger A, Moll GH, Heinrich H: Is neurofeedback an efficacious treatment for ADHD? A randomised controlled clinical trial. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2009;50:780-789
67. Lansbergen MM, Van Dongen-Boomsma M, Buitelaar JK, Slaats-Willemse D: ADHD and EEG-neurofeedback: a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled feasibility study. J Neural Transm 2011;118:275-284
68. Bor W, Sanders MR, Markie-Dadds C: The effects of the Triple P-Positive Parenting Program on preschool children with cooccurring disruptive behavior and attentional/hyperactive difficulties. J Abnorm Child Psychol 2002;30:571-587 (Pubitemid 38457416)
69. Hoath F, Sanders MR: A feasibility study of enhanced group Triple P: Positive Parenting Programme for parents of children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Behav Change 2002;4:191-206 (Pubitemid 37069273)
70. Jones K, Daley D, Hutchings J, Bywater T, Eames C: Efficacy of the Incredible Years Programme as an early intervention for children with conduct problems and ADHD: long-term followup. Child Care Health Dev 2008;34:380-390 (Pubitemid 351524244)
71. Pisterman S, Firestone P, McGrath P, Goodman JT, Webster I, Mallory R, Goffin B: The role of parent training in treatment of preschoolers with ADDH. Am J Orthopsychiatry 1992;62:397-408
72. Sonuga-Barke EJS, Daley D, Thompson M, Laver-Bradbury C, Weeks A: Parent-based therapies for preschool attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a randomized, controlled trial with a community sample. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2001;40:402-408 (Pubitemid 32242523)
73. Sonuga-Barke EJS, Daley D, Thompson M, Laver-Bradbury C: Parent training for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: is it as effective when delivered as routine rather than as specialist care? Br J Clin Psychol 2004;43:449-457 (Pubitemid 39585499)
74. Thompson MJ, Laver-Bradbury C, Ayres M, Le Poidevin E, Mead S, Dodds C, Psychogiou L, Bitsakou P, Daley D, Weeks A, Brotman LM, Abikoff H, Thompson P, Sonuga-Barke EJ: A smallscale randomized controlled trial of the revised New Forest Parenting Programme for preschoolers with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2009;18:605-616
75. Van Den Hoofdakker BJ, Van der Veen-Mulders L, Sytema S, Emmelkamp PMG, Minderaa RB, Nauta MH: Effectiveness of behavioral parent training for children with ADHD in routine clinical practice: a randomized controlled study. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2007;46:1263-1271 (Pubitemid 47462184)
76. Evans SW, Schultz BK, Demars CE, Davis H: Effectiveness of the Challenging Horizons After-School Program for young adolescents with ADHD. Behav Ther 2011;42:462-474
77. Fehlings DL, Roberts W, Humphries T, Dawe G: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: does cognitive behavioral therapy improve home behavior? J Dev Behav Pediatr 1991;12:222-228
78. Horn WF, Ialongo NS, Pascoe JM, Greenberg G, Packard T, Lopez M, Wagner A, Puttler L: Additive effects of psychostimulants, parent training, and self-control therapy with ADHD children. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1991;30:233-240
79. Webster-Stratton CH, Reid MJ, Beauchaine T: Combining parent and child training for young children with ADHD. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol 2011;40:191-203
80. Bloomquist ML, August GJ, Ostrander R: Effects of a schoolbased cognitive-behavioral intervention for ADHD children. J Abnorm Child Psychol 1991;19:591-605
81. MTA Cooperative Group (Multimodal Treatment Study of Children With ADHD): A 14-month randomized clinical trial of treatment strategies for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1999;56:1073-1086
82. Brown RT, Wynne ME, Borden KA, Clingerman SR, Geniesse R, Spunt AL: Methylphenidate and cognitive therapy in children with attention deficit disorder: a double-blind trial. J Dev Behav Pediatr 1986;7:163-174
83. Faraone SV, Biederman J, Spencer TJ, Aleardi M: Comparing the efficacy of medications for ADHD using meta-analysis. Med Gen Med 2006;8:4
84. Sonuga-Barke EJS, Halperin JM: Developmental phenotypes and causal pathways in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: potential targets for early intervention? J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2010;51:368-389
85. Gillies D, Sinn JKh, Lad SS, Leach MJ, Ross MJ: Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012;7:CD007986
86. Santosh PJ, Taylor E, Swanson J, Wigal T, Chuang S, Davies M, Greenhill L, Newcorn J, Arnold LE, Jensen P, Vitiello B, Elliott G, Hinshaw S, Hechtman L, Abikoff H, Pelham W, Hoza B, Molina B, Wells K, Epstein J, Posner M: Refining the diagnoses of inattention and overactivity syndromes: a reanalysis of the Multimodal Treatment study of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) based on ICD-10 criteria for hyperkinetic disorder. Clin Neurosci Res 2005;5:307-314. (Pubitemid 43024823)