Microbiota and Gut Stem Cells Cross-Talks: A New View of Epithelial Homeostasis

Current Stem Cell Reports

Volumn 1, Issue 1, 2015, Pages 48-52

  Nigro, Giulia ^a   Sansonetti, Philippe J ^a  

^a INSTITUT PASTEUR   (France)

Author keywords

Germ free; Intestinal crypts; Intestinal homeostasis; Intestinal stem cells; Microbiota; NODs; TLRs

Indexed keywords

BETA CATENIN; CASPASE RECRUITMENT DOMAIN PROTEIN 15; G PROTEIN COUPLED RECEPTOR; HISTONE DEACETYLASE 3; JANUS KINASE; MURAMYL DIPEPTIDE; MYELOID DIFFERENTIATION FACTOR 88; NOTCH RECEPTOR; NUCLEOTIDE BINDING OLIGOMERIZATION DOMAIN PROTEIN; PATHOGEN ASSOCIATED MOLECULAR PATTERN; PATTERN RECOGNITION RECEPTOR; SHORT CHAIN FATTY ACID; STAT PROTEIN; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR 4; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR ADAPTOR MOLECULE 1; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR; WNT PROTEIN;

BACTEROIDES FRAGILIS; BACTEROIDES THETAIOTAOMICRON; CELL DIFFERENTIATION; CELL PROLIFERATION; CELL REGENERATION; CRYPT CELL; ENTEROPATHY; GERMFREE ANIMAL; HOMEOSTASIS; HUMAN; IMMUNITY; INTESTINAL STEM CELL; INTESTINE FLORA; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; REVIEW; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION;

EID: 85009896379     PISSN: None     EISSN: 21987866     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s40778-014-0005-x     Document Type: Review

References (30)

1. O’Hara AM, Shanahan F. The gut flora as a forgotten organ. EMBO Rep. 2006;7:688–93.
2. Chow J, Lee SM, Shen Y, et al. Host-bacterial symbiosis in health and disease. Adv Immunol. 2010;107:243–74.
3. Kawai T, Akira S. Toll-like receptors and their crosstalk with other innate receptors in infection and immunity. Immunity. 2011;34:637–50.
4. Abreu MT, Fukata M, Arditi M. TLR signaling in the gut in health and disease. J Immunol. 2005;174:4453–60.
5. Alam M, Midtvedt T, Uribe A. Differential cell kinetics in the ileum and colon of germfree rats. Scand J Gastroenterol. 1994;29:445–51.
6. Reikvam DH, Erofeev A, Sandvik A, et al. Depletion of murine intestinal microbiota: Effects on gut mucosa and epithelial gene expression. PLoS One. 2011;6:e17996. Public Library of Science.
7. Zocco MA, Ainora ME, Gasbarrini G, et al. Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron in the gut: Molecular aspects of their interaction. Dig Liver Dis. 2007;39:707–12.
8. Stappenbeck TS, Hooper LV, Gordon JI. Developmental regulation of intestinal angiogenesis by indigenous microbes via Paneth cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002;99:15451–5.
9. Alenghat T, Osborne LC, Saenz SA, et al. Histone deacetylase 3 coordinates commensal-bacteria-dependent intestinal homeostasis. Nature. 2013;504:153–7.
10. Mazmanian SK, Liu CH, Tzianabos AO, et al. An immunomodulatory molecule of symbiotic bacteria directs maturation of the host immune system. Cell. 2005;122:107–18.
11. Bouskra D, Brézillon C, Bérard M, et al. Lymphoid tissue genesis induced by commensals through NOD1 regulates intestinal homeostasis. Nature. 2008;456:507–10.
12. Koropatnick TA, Engle JT, Apicella MA, et al. Microbial factor-mediated development in a host-bacterial mutualism. Science. 2004;306:1186–8.
13. den Besten G, van Eunen K, Groen AK, et al. The role of short-chain fatty acids in the interplay between diet, gut microbiota, and host energy metabolism. J Lipid Res. 2013;54:2325–40.
14. Guzman JR, Conlin VS, Jobin C. Diet, microbiome, and the intestinal epithelium: an essential triumvirate? Biomed Res Int. 2013;2013:425146.
15. Maslowski KM, Vieira AT, Ng A, et al. Regulation of inflammatory responses by gut microbiota and chemoattractant receptor GPR43. Nature. 2009;461:1282–6.
16. Micchelli CA, Perrimon N. Evidence that stem cells reside in the adult Drosophila midgut epithelium. Nature. 2006;439:475–9.
17. Buchon N, Broderick NA, Chakrabarti S, et al. Invasive and indigenous microbiota impact intestinal stem cell activity through multiple pathways in Drosophila. Genes Dev. 2009;23:2333–44.
18. Jiang H, Patel PH, Kohlmaier A, et al. Cytokine/Jak/Stat signaling mediates regeneration and homeostasis in the Drosophila midgut. Cell. 2009;137:1343–55.
19. Jones RM, Luo L, Ardita CS, et al. Symbiotic lactobacilli stimulate gut epithelial proliferation via Nox-mediated generation of reactive oxygen species. EMBO J Nat Publ Group; 2013;32:3017–28.
20. Pedron T, Mulet C, Dauga C, et al. A crypt-specific core microbiota resides in the mouse colon. mBio. 2012;3:e00116–12. This paper provides the evidence that the murin colonic crypts are occupied by defined bacterial species.
21. Sokol H, Vasquez N, Hoyeau-Idrissi N, et al. Crypt abscess-associated microbiota in inflammatory bowel disease and acute self-limited colitis. World J Gastroenterol. 2010;16:583–7.
22. Rakoff-Nahoum S, Paglino J, Eslami-Varzaneh F, et al. Recognition of commensal microflora by toll-like receptors is required for intestinal homeostasis. Cell. 2004;118:229–41.
23. Barker N. Adult intestinal stem cells: Critical drivers of epithelial homeostasis and regeneration. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2014;15:19–33. Review describing the current models of stem cell-driven epithelial homeostasis and repair in the intestine.
24. Barker N, van Es JH, Kuipers J, et al. Identification of stem cells in small intestine and colon by marker gene Lgr5. Nature. 2007;449:1003–7.
25. de Lau W, Barker N, Low TY, et al. Lgr5 homologues associate with Wnt receptors and mediate R-spondin signalling. Nature. 2011;476:293–7.
26. Cheng H, Leblond CP. Origin, differentiation and renewal of the four main epithelial cell types in the mouse small intestine V. Unitarian Theory of the origin of the four epithelial cell types. Am J Anat. 1974;141:537–61.
27. Sato T, Vries RG, Snippert HJ, et al. Single Lgr5 stem cells build crypt-villus structures in vitro without a mesenchymal niche. Nature. 2009;459:262–5.
28. Neal MD, Sodhi CP, Jia H, Dyer M, Egan CE, Yazji I, et al. Toll-like receptor 4 is expressed on intestinal stem cells and regulates their proliferation and apoptosis via the p53 up-regulated modulator of apoptosis. J Biol Chem. 2012;287:37296–308. TLR4 is expressed in stem cells where it contributes to regulate their proliferation and apoptosis through activation of PUMA.
29. Santaolalla R, Sussman DA, Ruiz JR, et al. TLR4 activates the β-catenin pathway to cause intestinal neoplasia. PLoS ONE Public Libr Sci. 2013;8:e63298. The over-expression of TLR4 in the gut increases stem cell population in the gut and induces a higher rate of epithelial proliferation.
30. Nigro G, Rossi R, Commere P-H, et al. The cytosolic bacterial peptidoglycan sensor Nod2 affords stem cell protection and links microbes to gut epithelial regeneration. Cell Host Microbe. 2014;15:792–8. NOD2 expressed in the stem cells links the microbes and tissue regeneration.