Maternal nutrition, oxidative stress and prenatal devlopmental outcomes

Studies on Women's Health

Volumn , Issue , 2013, Pages 1-31

  Al Gubory, Kaïs Hussain ^a  

^a INRA Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique   (France)

Author keywords

Antioxidant enzymes; Developmental defects; Dietary antioxidants; Environmental chemicals; Maternal foods; Oxidative stress; Pregnancy disorders and complications; Prenatal developmental outcomes; Reactive oxygen species

Indexed keywords

EID: 85007361863     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-041-0_1     Document Type: Chapter

References (233)

1. Davies KJ (1995) Oxidative stress: the paradox of aerobic life. Biochem Soc Symp 61:1-31
2. Thannickal VJ (2003) The paradox of reactive oxygen species: injury, signaling, or both? Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 284:L24-L25
3. Dröge W (2002) Free radicals in the physiological control of cell function. Physiol Rev 82:47-95
4. Haddad JJ (2004) Redox and oxidant-mediated regulation of apoptosis signaling pathways: immuno-pharmaco-redox conception of oxidative siege versus cell death commitment. Int Immunopharmacol 4:475-493
5. Janssen-Heininger YM, Mossman BT, Heintz NH et al (2008) Redox-based regulation of signal transduction: principles, pitfalls, and promises. Free Radic Biol Med. 45:1-17
6. Valko M, Leiter D, Moncol J et al (2007) Free radicals and antioxidants in normal physiological functions and human disease. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 39:44-84
7. Halliwell B, Gutteridge JMC (2007) Free radicals in biology and medicine, 4th edn. Clarendon Press, Oxford
8. Zorov DB, Juhaszova M, Sollott SJ (2006) Mitochondrial ROS-induced ROS release: an update and review. Biochim Biophys Acta 1757:509-517
9. Agarwal A, Gupta S, Sekhon L, Shah R (2008) Redox considerations in female reproductive function and assisted reproduction: from molecular mechanisms to health implications. Antioxid Redox Signal 10:1375-1403
10. Al-Gubory KH, Fowler PA, Garrel C (2010) The roles of cellular reactive oxygen species, oxidative stress and antioxidants in pregnancy outcomes. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 42:1634-1650
11. Myatt L, Cui X (2004) Oxidative stress in the placenta. Histochem Cell Biol 122:369-382
12. Poston L, Raijmakers MTM (2004) Trophoblast oxidative stress, antioxidants and pregnancy outcome-A Review. Placenta 25 (Suppl A):S72-S78
13. Agarwal A, Allamaneni SSR (2004) Role of free radicals in female reproductive diseases and assisted reproduction. Reprod Biomed Online. 9:338-347
14. Agarwal A, Gupta S, Sharma R (2005) Oxidative stress and its implications in female infertility-a clinician's perspective. Reprod Biomed Online. 11:641-650
15. Gupta S, Agarwal A, Banerjee J, Alvarez J (2007) The role of oxidative stress in spontaneous abortion and recurrent pregnancy loss: A systematic review. Obstet Gynecol Survey. 62:335-347
16. Luo ZC, Fraser WD, Julien P et al (2006) Tracing the origins of ''fetal origins'' of adult diseases: programming by oxidative stress? Med Hypotheses 66:38-44
17. Luo ZC, Liu JM, Fraser WD (2010) Large prospective birth cohort studies on environmental contaminants and child health-Goals, challenges, limitations and needs. Med Hypotheses 74:318-324
18. Barr DB, Needham A, Bishop LL (2007) Concentrations of xenobiotic chemicals in the maternal-fetal unit. Reprod Toxicol 23:260-266
19. McCord I, Fridovich JM (1969) Superoxide dismutase. an enzymatic function for erythrocuprein. J Biol Chem 244:6049-6055
20. Kehrer JP (2000) The Haber-Weiss reaction and mechanisms of toxicity. Toxicology 149:43-50
21. Simon HU, Haj-Yehia A, Levi-Schaffer F (2000) Role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in apoptosis induction. Apoptosis 5:415-418
22. Higuchi Y (2003) Chromosomal DNA fragmentation in apoptosis and necrosis induced by oxidative stress. Biochem Pharmacol 66:1527-1535
23. Moncada S, Palmer RMJ, Higgs EA (1991) Nitric oxide: physiology, pathophysiology and pharmacology. Pharmacol Rev 43:109-142
24. Koppenol WH, Moreno JJ, Pryor WA, Ischiropoulos H, Beckman JS (1992) Peroxynitrite, a cloaked oxidant formed by nitric oxide and superoxide. Chem Res Toxicol 5:834-842
25. Radi R, Beckman JS, Bush KM, Freeman BA (1991) Peroxynitrite induced membrane lipid peroxidation: the cytotoxic potential of superoxide and nitric oxide. Arch Biochem Biophys 288:481-487
26. Marla SS, Lee J, Groves JT (1997) Peroxynitrite rapidly permeates phospholipids membranes. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 94:14243-14248
27. Stamler JS (1994) Redox signaling: nitrosylation and related target interactions of nitric oxide. Cell 78:931-936
28. Li J, Billiar TR, Talanian RV, Kim YM (1997) Nitric oxide reversibly inhibits seven members of the caspase family via S-nitrosylation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 240:419-424
29. Mannick JB, Hausladen A, Liu L et al (1999) Fas-induced caspase denitrosylation. Science 284:651-654
30. Kirkinezos IG, Moraes CT (2001) Reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial diseases. Semin Cell Dev Biol 12:449-457
31. Brown GC (1992) Control of respiration and ATP synthesis in mammalian mitochondria and cells. Biochem J. 284:1-13
32. Adam-Vizi V, Chinopoulos C (2006) Bioenergetics and the formation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. Trends Pharmacol Sci 27:639-645
33. Turrens JF (2003) Mitochondrial formation of reactive oxygen species. J Physiol 552:335-344
34. Lacza Z, Puskar M, Figueroa JP et al (2001) Mitochondrial nitric oxide synthase is constitutively active and is functionally upregulated in hypoxia. Free Radic Biol Med. 31:1609-1615
35. Lacza Z, Snipes JA, Zhang J et al (2003) Mitochondrial nitric oxide synthase is not eNOS, nNOS or iNOS. Free Radic Biol Med. 35:1217-1228
36. Yoon SJ, Choi KH, Lee KA (2002) Nitric oxide-mediated inhibition of follicular apoptosis is associated with HSP70 induction and Bax suppression. Mol Reprod Dev 61:504-510
37. Jee BC, Kim SH, Moon SY (2003) The role of nitric oxide on apoptosis in human luteinized granulosa cells. Immunocytochemical evidence. Gynecol Obstet Invest. 56:143-147
38. Brown GC (2007) Nitric oxide and mitochondria. Front Biosci. 12:1024-1033
39. Dröge W (2002) Free radicals in the physiological control of cell function. Physiol Rev 82:47-95
40. Zangar RC, Davydov DR, Verma S (2004) Mechanisms that regulate production of reactive oxygen species by cytochrome P450. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 199:316-331
41. Jezek P, Hlavatá L (2005) Mitochondria in homeostasis of reactive oxygen species in cell, tissues, and organism. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 37:2478-2503
42. Weisiger RA, Fridovich I (1973) Mitochondrial superoxide dismutase. Site of synthesis and intramitochondrial localisation. J Biol Chem 248:4791-4793
43. Marklund SL (1982) Human copper-containing superoxide dismutase of high molecular weight. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 79:7634-7638
44. Chance B, Sies H, Boveris A (1979) Hydroperoxide metabolism in mammalian organs. Physiol Rev 59:527-605
45. Brigelius-Flohé R (1999) Tissue-specific functions of individual glutathione peroxidases. Free Radic Biol Med. 27:951-965
46. Kirsch M, De Groot H (2001) NAD(P)H, a directly operating antioxidant? FASEP. J 15:1569-1574
47. Pandolfi PP, Sonati F, Rivi R et al (1995) Targeted disruption of the house keeping gene encoding glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD): G6PD is dispensable for pentose synthesis but essential for defense against oxidative stress. EMBO J 14:5209-5215
48. Jo SH, Son MK, Koh HJ et al (2001) Control of mitochondrial redox balance and cellular defense against oxidative damage by mitochondrial NADP+-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase. J Biol Chem 276:16168-16176
49. Lee SM, Koh HJ, Park DC et al (2002) Cytosolic NADP(+)-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase status modulates oxidative damage to cells. Free Radic Biol Med. 32:1185-1196
50. Schafer FQ, Buettner GR (2001) Redox environment of the cell as viewed through the redox state of the glutathione disulfide/glutathione couple. Free Radic Biol Med. 30:1191-1212
51. Dickinson DA, Forman HJ (2002) Glutathione in defense and signaling: lessons from a small thiol. Ann N Y Acad Sci 973:488-504
52. Yildirim Z, Kiliç N, Ozer C et al (2007) Effects of taurine in cellular responses to oxidative stress in young and middle-aged rat liver. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1100:553-561
53. Parvez S, Tabassum H, Banerjee BD, Raisuddin S (2008) Taurine prevents tamoxifeninduced mitochondrial oxidative damage in mice. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 102:382-387
54. Métayer S, Seiliez I, Collin A et al (2008) Mechanisms through which sulfur amino acids control protein metabolism and oxidative status. J Nutr Biochem 19:207-215
55. Dröge W (2005) Oxidative stress and ageing: is ageing a cysteine deficiency syndrome? Philos Trans R Soc. 360:2355-2372
56. Elshorbagy AK, Nurk E, Gjesdal CG et al (2008) Homocysteine, cysteine, and body composition in the Hordaland Homocysteine Study: does cysteine link amino acid and lipid metabolism? Am J Clin Nutr 88:738-746
57. Stipanuk MH (2004) Role of the liver in regulation of body cysteine and taurine levels: a brief review. Neurochem Res 29:105-110
58. Ubuka T, Okada A, Nakamura H (2008) Production of hypotaurine from L-cysteinesulfinate by rat liver mitochondria. Amino Acids 35:53-58
59. Nishimura T, Sai Y, Fujii J et al (2010) Roles of TauT and system A in cytoprotection of rat syncytiotrophoblast cell line exposed to hypertonic stress. Placenta 31:1003-10009
60. Whiteman M, Armstrong JS, Chu SH et al (2004) The novel neuromodulator hydrogen sulfide: an endogenous peroxynitrite scavenger? J Neurochem 90:765-768
61. Ali MY, Ping CY, Mok YY et al (2006) Regulation of vascular nitric oxide in vitro and in vivo; a new role for endogenous hydrogen sulphide? Br J Pharmacol 149:625-634
62. Li L, Moore PK (2007) An overview of the biological significance of endogenous gases: new roles for old molecules. Biochem Soc Trans 35:1138-1141
63. Elrod JW, Calvert JW, Morrison J et al (2007) Hydrogen sulfide attenuates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury by preservation of mitochondrial function. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 104:15560-15565
64. Szabo C (2007) Hydrogen sulphide and its therapeutic potential. Nat Rev 6:917-935
65. Zhao W, Ndisang JF, Wang R (2003) Modulation of endogenous production of H2S in rat tissues. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 81:848-853
66. Patel P, Vatish M, Heptinstall J et al (2009) The endogenous production of hydrogen sulphide in intrauterine tissues. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 7:10
67. Szabó C (2007) Hydrogen sulphide and its therapeutic potential. Nat Rev Drug Discov 6:917-935
68. Kimura H. Hydrogen sulfide: its production, release and functions. Amino Acids. 2010 Feb 27 [Epub ahead of print]
69. Kimura Y, Goto Y, Kimura H (2010) Hydrogen sulfide increases glutathione production and suppresses oxidative stress in mitochondria. Antioxid Redox Signal 12:1-13
70. Tyagi N, Moshal KS, Sen U et al (2009) H2S protects against methionine-induced oxidative stress in brain endothelial cells. Antioxid Redox Signal 11:25-33
71. Yin WL, He JQ, Hu B et al (2009) Hydrogen sulfide inhibits MPP(+)-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells. Life Sci 85:269-275
72. Mishra PK, Tyagi N, Sen U et al (2010) H2S ameliorates oxidative and proteolytic stresses and protects the heart against adverse remodeling in chronic heart failure. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 298:H451-H456
73. Young AJ, Phillip D, Lowe GL. In: Krinsky NI, Mayne ST, Sies H, eds. (2004) Carotenoid antioxidant activity. Carotenoids in Health and Disease. Marcel Dekker Inc, New York, 105-126 (Chap. 5)
74. Young AJ, Lowe GM (2001) Antioxidant and prooxidant properties of carotenoids. Arch Biochem Biophys 385:20-27
75. Bramley PM, Elmadfa I, Kafatos A et al (2000) Vitamin E. J Sci Food Agric 80:913-938
76. Johnson LJ, Meacham SL, Kruskall LJ (2003) The antioxidants-vitamin C, vitamin E, selenium, and carotenoids. J Agromedicine. 9:65-82
77. Debier C, Larondelle Y (2005) Vitamins A and E: metabolism, roles and transfer to offspring. Br J Nutr 93:153-174
78. Seifried HE, Anderson DE, Fisher EI, Milner JA (2007) A review of the interaction among dietary antioxidants and reactive oxygen species. J Nutr Biochem 18:567-579
79. Stahl W, Nicolai S, Briviba K et al (1997) Biological activities of natural and synthetic carotenoids: induction of gap junctional communication and singlet oxygen quenching. Carcinogenesis 18:89-92
80. Machlin LJ, Bendich A (1987) Free radical tissue damage: protective role of antioxidant nutrients. FASEB J 1:441-445
81. Herrera E, Barbas C (2001) Vitamin E: action, metabolism and perspectives. J Physiol Biochem 57:43-56
82. Tappel A, Zalkin H (1960) Inhibition of lipid peroxidation in microsomes by vitamin E. Nature 185:35
83. Valk EE, Hornstra G (2000) Relationship between vitamin E requirement and polyunsaturated fatty acid intake in man: a review. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 70:31-42
84. Gavazza MB, Catalá A (2006) The effect of alpha-tocopherol on lipid peroxidation of microsomes and mitochondria from rat testis. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 74:247-254
85. Traber MG, Atkinson J (2007) Vitamin E, antioxidant and nothing more. Free Radic Biol Med 43:4-15
86. Mertz W (1981) The essential trace elements. Science 213:1332-1338
87. Scalbert A, Johnson IT, Saltmarsh M (2005) Polyphenols: antioxidants and beyond. Am J Clin Nutr 81(1 Suppl):215S-217S
88. Rahman I, Biswas SK, Kirkham PA (2006) Regulation of inflammation and redox signaling by dietary polyphenols. Biochem Pharmacol 72:1439-1452
89. Wilding M, Dale B, Marino M et al (2011) Mitochondrial aggregation patterns and activity in human oocytes and preimplantation embryos. Hum Reprod 16:909-917
90. Smith LC, Thundathil J, Filion F (2005) Role of mitochondrial genome in preimplantation development and assisted reproductive techniques. Reprod Fert Develop 17:15-22
91. Dumollard R, Carroll J, Duchen MR, Campbell K, Swann K (2009) Mitochondrial function and redox state in mammalian embryos. Semin Cell Dev Biol 20:346-353
92. Dennery PA (2007) Effects of oxidative stress on embryonic development. Birth Defects Res Part C Embryo Today 81:155-162
93. Dumollard R, Duchen M, Carroll J (2007) The role of mitochondrial function in the oocyte and embryo. Curr Top Dev Biol 77:21-49
94. Bartmann AK, Romão GS (2004) Ramos Eda S, Ferriani RA. Why do older women have poor implantation rates? A possible role of the mitochondria. J Assist Reprod Genet 21:79-83
95. Pierce GB, Parchment RE, Lewellyn AL (1991) Hydrogen peroxide as a mediator of programmed cell death in the blastocyst. Differentiation. 46:181-186
96. Nasr-Esfahani MH, Aitken JR, Johnson MH (1990) Hydrogen peroxide levels in mouse oocytes and early cleavage stage embryos developed in vitro or in vivo. Development 109:501-507
97. Gagioti S, Colepicolo P, Bevilacqua E (1995) Post-implantation mouse embryos have the capability to generate and release reactive oxygen species. Reprod Fertil Dev 7:1111-1116
98. Thomas M, Jain S, Kumar GP, Laloraya MA (1997) Programmed oxyradical burst causes hatching of mouse blastocysts. J Cell Sci 110:1597-1602
99. Laloraya M, Kumar GP, Laloraya MM (1991) Changes in the superoxide radical and superoxide dismutase levels in the uterus of Rattus norvegicus during the estrous cycle and a possible role for superoxide radical in uterine oedema and cell proliferation at proestrus. Biochem Cell Biol 69:313-316
100. Laloraya M, Kumar GP, Laloraya MM (1989) A possible role of superoxide anion radical in the process of blastocyst implantation in Mus musculus. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 161:762-770
101. Jain S, Saxena D, Kumar GP, Laloraya M (2000) NADPH dependent superoxide generation in the ovary and uterus of mice during estrous cycle and early pregnancy. Life Sci 66:1139-1146
102. Harvey MB, Arcellana-Panlilio MY, Zhang X, Schultz GA, Watson AJ (1995) Expression of genes encoding antioxidant enzymes in preimplantation mouse and cow embryos and primary bovine oviduct cultures employed for embryo coculture. Biol Reprod 53:532-540
103. El Mouatassim S, Guérin P, Ménézo Y (1999) Expression of genes encoding antioxidant enzymes in human and mouse oocytes during the final stages of maturation. Mol Hum Reprod 5:720-725
104. Guérin P, El Mouatassim S, Ménézo Y (2001) Oxidative stress and protection against reactive oxygen species in the pre-implantation embryo and its surroundings. Hum Reprod 7:175-189
105. Orsi NM, Leese HJ (2001) Protection against reactive oxygen species during mouse preimplantation embryo development: role of EDTA, oxygen tension, catalase, superoxide dismutase and pyruvate. Mol Reprod Dev 59:44-53
106. Blomberg LA, Long EL, Sonstegard TS et al (2005) Serial analysis of gene expression during elongation of the peri-implantation porcine trophectoderm (conceptus). Physiol Genomics 20:188-194
107. Al-Gubory KH, Bolifraud P, Garrel C (2008) Regulation of key antioxidant enzymatic systems in the sheep endometrium by ovarian steroids. Endocrinology 149:4428-4434
108. Takehara Y, Yoshioka T, Sasaki J (1990) Changes in the levels of lipoperoxide and antioxidant factors in human placenta during gestation. Acta Med Okayama 44:103-111
109. Qanungo S, Sen A, Mukherjea M (1999) Antioxidant status and lipid peroxidation in human feto-placental unit. Clin Chim Acta 285:1-12
110. Qanungo S, Mukherjea M (2000) Ontogenic profile of some antioxidants and lipid peroxidation in human placental and fetal tissues. Mol Cell Biochem 215:11-19
111. Garrel C, Fowler PA, Al-Gubory KH (2010) Developmental changes in antioxidant enzymatic defences against oxidative stress in sheep placentomes. J Endocrinol 205:107-116
112. Al-Gubory KH, Garrel C, Delatouche L et al (2010) Antioxidant adaptive responses of extraembryonic tissues from cloned and non-cloned bovine conceptuses to oxidative stress during early pregnancy. Reproduction 140:175-181
113. Fall CH, Yajnik CS, Rao S et al (2003) Micronutrients and fetal growth. J Nutr 133(Suppl 2):1747S-1756S
114. Ashworth CJ, Antipatis C (2001) Micronutrient programming of development throughout pregnancy. Reproduction 122:527-535
115. Moore VM, Davies MJ (2005) Diet during pregnancy, neonatal outcomes and later health. Reprod Fertil Dev 17:341-348
116. Osorio JC, Cruz E, Milanés M et al (2011) Influence of maternal redox status on birth weight. Reprod Toxicol 31:35-40
117. Keen CL, Hanna LA, Lanoue L et al (2003) Developmental consequences of trace mineral deficiencies in rodents: acute and long-term effects. J Nutr 133:1477S-1480S
118. Gamsbling L, McArdle HJ (2004) Iron, copper and fetal development. Proc Nutr Soc 63:553-562
119. Uriu-Adams JY, Keen CL (2010) Zinc and reproduction: effects of zinc deficiency on prenatal and early postnatal development. Birth Defects Res B Dev Reprod Toxicol 89:313-325
120. Kharb S (2000) Vitamin E and C in preeclampsia. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 93:37-39
121. Lee BE, Hong YC, Lee KH et al (2004) Influence of maternal serum levels of vitamins C and E during the second trimester on birth weight and length. Eur J Clin Nutr 58:1365-1371
122. Atamer Y, Koçyigit Y, Yokus B et al (2005) Lipid peroxidation, antioxidant defense, status of trace metals and leptin levels in preeclampsia. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 119:60-66
123. Ahn YM, Kim YJ, Park H et al (2007) Prenatal vitamin C status is associated with placental apoptosis in normal-term human pregnancies. Placenta 28:31-38
124. Jansson T, Powell TL (2007) Role of the placenta in fetal programming: underlying mechanisms and potential interventional approaches. Clinica Science 113:1-13
125. Hawk SN, Lanoue L, Keen CL et al (2003) Copper-deficient rat embryos are characterized by low superoxide dismutase activity and elevated superoxide anions. Biol Reprod 68:896-903
126. Keen CL, Clegg MS, Hanna LA et al (2003) The plausibility of micronutrient deficiencies being a significant contributing factor to the occurrence of pregnancy complications. J Nutr 133:1597S-1605S
127. Gow AJ, Farkouh CR, Munson DA et al (2004) Biological significance of nitric oxidemediated protein modifications. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 287:L262-L268
128. Bagi Z, Toth E, Koller A, Kaley G (2004) Microvascular dysfunction after transient high glucose is caused by superoxide-dependent reduction in the bioavailability of NO and BH(4). Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 287:H626-H633
129. Tiboni GM, Giampietro F, Di Giulio C (2003) The nitric oxide synthesis inhibitor N{omega}-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME) causes limb defects in mouse fetuses: protective effect of acute hyperoxia. Pediatr Res 54:69-76
130. Pathak P, Kapil U (2004) Role of trace elements zinc, copper and magnesium during pregnancy and its outcome. Indian J Pediatr 71:1003-1005
131. Gupta P, Narang M, Banerjee BD, Basu S (2004) Oxidative stress in term small for gestational age neonates born to undernourished mothers: a case control study. BMC Pediatr 4:14-23
132. Jenkins C, Wilson R, Roberts J et al (2000) Antioxidants: their role in pregnancy and miscarriage. Antioxidant Redox Signal 2:623-628
133. Cederberg J, Simán CM, Eriksson UJ (2001) Combined treatment with vitamin E and vitamin C decreases oxidative stress and improves fetal outcome in experimental diabetic pregnancy. Pediatr Res 49:755-762
134. Cederberg J, Eriksson UJ (2005) Antioxidative treatment of pregnant diabetic rats diminishes embryonic dysmorphogenesis. Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol 73:498-505
135. Jishage K, Arita M, Igarashi K et al (2001) a-Tocopherol transfer protein is important for the normal development of placental labyrinth trophoblasts in mice. J Biol Chem 276:1669-1672
136. Brigelius-Flohé R, Kelly FJ, Salonen JT et al (2002) The European perspective on vitamin E: current knowledge and future research. Am J Clin Nutr 76:703-716
137. Tarin JJ, Perez-Albala S, Pertusa JF, Cano A (2002) Oral administration of pharmacological doses of vitamins C and E reduces reproductive fitness and impairs the ovarian and uterine functions of female mice. Theriogenology 57:1539-1550
138. Rumbold A, Crowther CA (2005) Vitamin C supplementation in pregnancy Cochrane database Syst Rev Issue 1. Art. No.: CD004072. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004072.pub2
139. Rumbold A, Crowther CA (2005) Vitamin E supplementation in pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev Issue 2. Art. No.: CD004069. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004069.pub2
140. Cetin I, Berti C, Calabrese S (2010) Role of micronutrients in the periconceptional period. Hum Reprod Update 16:80-95
141. Boskovic R, Gargaun L, Oren D et al (2005) Pregnancy outcome following high Vitamin E supplementation. Reprod Toxicol 20:85-88
142. Beazley D, Ahokas R, Livingston J et al (2005) Vitamin C and E supplementation in women at high risk for preeclampsia: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Am J Obstet Gynaecol 192:520-521
143. Debier C (2007) Vitamin E during pre- and postnatal periods. Vitm Horm 76:357-373
144. Uusitalo L, Kenward MG, Virtanen SM et al (2008) Intake of antioxidant vitamins and trace elements during pregnancy and risk of advanced beta cell autoimmunity in the child. Am J Clin Nutr 88:458-464
145. Astley SB, Lindsay DG (2002) European Research on the Functional Effects of Dietary Antioxidants (EUROFEDA). Conclusions Mol Aspects Med 23:287-291
146. Visioli F (2000) Antioxidants in Mediterranean diets. World Rev Nutr Diet 87:43-55
147. Sköldstam L, Hagfors L, Johansson G (2003) An experimental study of a Mediterranean diet intervention for patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 62:208-214
148. Trichopoulou A, Costacou T, Bamia C, Trichopoulos D (2003) Adherence to a Mediterranean diet and survival in a Greek population. N Engl J Med 348:2599-2608
149. Mitrou PN, Kipnis V, Thiebaut AC et al (2007) Mediterranean dietary pattern and prediction of all-cause mortality in a US population: results from the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study. Arch Intern Med 167:2461-2468
150. Stachowska E, Wesołowska T, Olszewska M et al (2005) Elements of Mediterranean diet improve oxidative status in blood of kidney graft recipients. Br J Nutr 93:345-352
151. Fitó M, Guxens M, Corella D et al (2007) Effect of a traditional Mediterranean diet on lipoprotein oxidation: a randomized controlled trial. Arch Intern Med 167:1195-1203
152. Dai J, Jones DP, Goldberg J et al (2008) Association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and oxidative stress. Am J Clin Nutr 88:1364-1370
153. Sofi F, Abbate R, Gensini G et al (2008) Adherence to Mediterranean diet and health status: meta-analysis. BMJ 337-344
154. Martinez-Gonzalez MA, Bes-Rastrollo M, Serra-Majem L et al (2009) Mediterranean food pattern and the primary prevention of chronic disease: recent developments. Nutr Rev 67(Suppl 1):S111-S116
155. Vujkovic M, de Vries JH, Lindemans J et al (2010) The preconception Mediterranean dietary pattern in couples undergoing in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection treatment increases the chance of pregnancy. Fertil Steril 94:2096-2101
156. Barger MK (2010) Maternal nutrition and perinatal outcomes. J Midwifery Womens Health 55:502-511
157. Bateson P, Barker D, Clutton-Brock T et al (2004) Developmental plasticity and human health. Nature 430:419-421
158. Miller KP, Borgeest C, Greenfeld C et al (2004) In utero effects of chemicals on reproductive tissues in females. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 198:111-131
159. Sanderson JT (2006) The steroid hormone biosynthesis pathway as a target for endocrinedisrupting chemicals. Toxicol Sci 94:3-21
160. Buczyńska A, Tarkowski S (2005) Environmental exposure and birth outcomes. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 18:225-232
161. Nicol CJ, Zielenski J, Tsui LC, Wells PG (2000) An embryoprotective role for glucose-6- phosphate dehydrogenase in developmental oxidative stress and chemical teratogenesis. FASEB J 14:111-127
162. Fowler PA, Dorà NJ, McFerran H et al (2008) In utero exposure to low doses of environmental pollutants disrupts fetal ovarian development in sheep. Mol Hum Reprod 14:269-280
163. Wells PG, Bhuller Y, Chen CS et al (2005) Molecular and biochemical mechanisms in teratogenesis involving reactive oxygen species. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 207(2 Suppl):354-366
164. Wan J, Winn LM (2006) In utero-initiated cancer: the role of reactive oxygen species. Birth Defects Res C Embryo Today. 78:326-332
165. Davis JM, Auten RL (2010) Maturation of the antioxidant system and the effects on preterm birth. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 15:191-195
166. Takahashi O, Oishi S (2000) Disposition of orally administered 2,2-Bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) propane (Bisphenol A) in pregnant rats and the placental transfer to fetuses. Environ Health Perspect 108:931-935
167. Shin BS, Yoo SD, Cho CY et al (2002) Maternal-fetal disposition of bisphenol a in pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats. J Toxicol Environ Health A 65:395-406
168. Zalko D, Soto AM, Dolo L et al (2003) Biotransformations of bisphenol A in a mammalian model: answers and new questions raised by low-dose metabolic fate studies in pregnant CD1 mice. Environ Health Perspect 111:309-319
169. Maffini MV, Rubin BS, Sonnenschein C, Soto AM (2006) Endocrine disruptors and reproductive health: the case of bisphenol-A. Mol Cell Endocrinol 254-255:179-186
170. Vandenberg LN, Hauser R, Marcus M et al (2007) Human exposure to bisphenol A (BPA). Reprod Toxicol 24:139-177
171. Le HH, Carlson EM, Chua JP, Belcher SM (2008) Bisphenol A is released from polycarbonate drinking bottles and mimics the neurotoxic actions of estrogen in developing cerebellar neurons. Toxicol Lett 176:149-156
172. Kabuto H, Hasuike S, Minagawa N, Shishibori T (2003) Effects of bisphenol A on the metabolisms of active oxygen species in mouse tissues. Environ Res 93:31-35
173. Kabuto H, Amakawa M, Shishibori T (2004) Exposure to bisphenol A during embryonic/ fetal life and infancy increases oxidative injury and causes underdevelopment of the brain and testis in mice. Life Sci 74:2931-2940
174. Rubin BS, Murray MK, Damassa DA et al (2001) Perinatal exposure to low doses of bisphenol A affects body weight, patterns of estrous cyclicity, and plasma LH levels. Environ Health Perspect 109:675-680
175. Markey CM, Wadia PR, Rubin BS et al (2005) Long-term effects of fetal exposure to low doses of the xenoestrogen bisphenol-A in the female mouse genital tract. Biol Reprod 72:1344-1351
176. Savabieasfahani M, Kannan K, Astapova O et al (2006) Developmental programming: differential effects of prenatal exposure to bisphenol-A or methoxychlor on reproductive function. Endocrinology 147:5956-5966
177. Berger RG, Foster WG, de Catanzaro D (2010) Bisphenol-A exposure during the period of blastocyst implantation alters uterine morphology and perturbs measures of estrogen and progesterone receptor expression in mice. Reprod Toxicol 30:393-400
178. Huang H, Leung LK (2009) Bisphenol A downregulates CYP19 transcription in JEG-3 cells. Toxicol Lett 189:248-252
179. Csapo AI, Pulkkinen MO, Ruttner B, Sauvage JP, Wiest WG (1972) The significance of the human corpus luteum in pregnancy maintenance. I. Preliminary studies. Am J Obstet Gynecol 112:1061-1067
180. Al-Gubory KH, Solari A, Mirman B (1999) Effects of luteectomy on the maintenance of pregnancy, circulating progesterone concentrations and lambing performance in sheep. Reprod Fertil Dev 11:317-322
181. Behrman HR, Aten RF (1991) Evidence that hydrogen peroxide blocks hormone-sensitive cholesterol transport into mitochondria of rat luteal cells. Endocrinology 128:2958-2966
182. Thompson J, Bannigan J (2008) Cadmium: toxic effects on the reproductive system and the embryo. Reprod Toxicol 25:304-315
183. Dreiem A, Gertz CC, Seegal RF (2005) The effects of methylmercury on mitochondrial function and reactive oxygen species formation in rat striatal synaptosomes are agedependent. Toxicol Sci 87:156-162
184. Uzbekov MG, Bubnova NI, Kulikova GV (2007) Effect of prenatal lead exposure on superoxide dismutase activity in the brain and liver of rat fetuses. Bull Exp Biol Med 144:783-785
185. Chater S, Douki T, Favier A, Garrel C et al (2008) Influence of static magnetic field on cadmium toxicity: study of oxidative stress and DNA damage in pregnant rat tissues. Electromagn Biol Med 27:393-401
186. Chater S, Douki T, Garrel C et al (2008) Cadmium-induced oxidative stress and DNA damage in kidney of pregnant female rats. C R Biol 331:426-432
187. Stringari J, Nunes AK, Franco JL et al (2008) Prenatal methylmercury exposure hampers glutathione antioxidant system ontogenesis and causes long-lasting oxidative stress in the mouse brain. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 227:147-154
188. Herrera E (2002) Implications of dietary fatty acids during pregnancy on placental, fetal and postnatal development-a review. Placenta 23(Suppl A):S9-S19
189. Alessandri JM, Guesnet P, Vancassel S et al (2004) Polyunsaturated fatty acids in the central nervous system: evolution of concepts and nutritional implications throughout life. Reprod Nutr Dev 44:509-538
190. Mccann JC, Ames BN (2005) Is docosahexaenoic acid, an n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid, required for development of normal brain function? An overview of evidence from cognitive and behavioral tests in humans and animals. Am J Clin Nutr 82:281-295
191. Innis SM (2007) Dietary (n3) fatty acids and brain development. J Nutr 137:855-859
192. Wathes DC, Abayasekara DR, Aitken RJ (2007) Polyunsaturated fatty acids in male and female reproduction. Biol Reprod 77:190-201
193. Coyne GS, Kenny DA, Childs S, Sreenan JM, Waters SM (2008) Dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids alter the expression of genes involved in prostaglandin biosynthesis in the bovine uterus. Theriogenology 70:772-782
194. Al-Ardhi FM, Al-Ani MR (2008) Maternal fish consumption and prenatal methylmercury exposure: a review. Nutr Health 19:289-297
195. Davidson PW, Strain JJ, Myers GJ et al (2008) Neurodevelopmental effects of maternal nutritional status and exposure to methylmercury from eating fish during pregnancy. Neurotoxicology 29:767-775
196. Sharp DS, Eskenazi B (1986) Delayed health hazards of pesticide exposure. Ann Rev Public Health. 7:441-471
197. Bengtsson S, Berglöf T, Kylin H (2007) Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy as a tool to predict pesticide sorption in soil. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 78:295-298
198. Anderson B, Phillips B, Hunt J et al (2011) Pesticide and toxicity reduction using an integrated vegetated treatment system. Environ Toxicol Chem. doi:10.1002/etc.471
199. Keikotlhaile BM, Spanoghe P, Steurbaut W (2010) Effects of food processing on pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables: a meta-analysis approach. Food Chem Toxicol 48:1-6
200. Valavanidis A, Vlahogianni T, Dassenakis M, Scoullos M (2006) Molecular biomarkers of oxidative stress in aquatic organisms in relation to toxic environmental pollutants. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 64:178-189
201. Slaninova A, Smutna M, Modra H, Svobodova Z (2009) A review: oxidative stress in fish induced by pesticides. Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 30:2-12
202. Koner BC, Banerjee BD, Ray A (1998) Organochlorine pesticide-induced oxidative stress and immune suppression in rats. Indian J Exp Biol 36:395-398
203. Sahoo A, Samanta L, Chainy GB (2000) Mediation of oxidative stress in HCH-induced neurotoxicity in rat. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 39:7-12
204. Ranjbar A, Pasalar P, Abdollahi M (2002) Induction of oxidative stress and acetylcholinesterase inhibition in organophosphorous pesticide manufacturing workers. Hum Exp Toxicol 21:179-182
205. Shadnia S, Azizi E, Hosseini R et al (2005) Evaluation of oxidative stress and genotoxicity in organophosphorus insecticide formulators. Hum Exp Toxicol 24:439-445
206. Rastogi SK, Satyanarayan PV, Ravishankar D, Tripathi S (2009) A study on oxidative stress and antioxidant status of agricultural workers exposed to organophosphorus insecticides during spraying. Indian J Occup Environ Med. 13:131-134
207. Falcon M, Olive J, Osuna E et al (2004) HCH and DDT residues in human placentas in Murcia (Spain). Toxicology 195:203-208
208. Pathak R, Suke SG, Ahmed RS et al (2008) Endosulfan and other organochlorine pesticide residues in maternal and cord blood in North Indian population. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 81:216-219
209. Pathak R, Suke SG, Ahmed T et al (2010) Organochlorine pesticide residue levels and oxidative stress in preterm delivery cases. Hum Exp Toxicol 29:351-358
210. Mann M, Jensen ON (2003) Proteomic analysis of post-translational modifications. Nat Biotechnol 21:255-261
211. Hathout Y (2007) Approaches to the study of the cell secretome. Expert Rev Proteomics 4:239-248
212. Shankar R, Gude N, Cullinane F et al (2005) An emerging role for comprehensive proteome analysis in human pregnancy research. Reproduction 129:685-696
213. Buhimschi IA, Buhimschi CS (2008) Proteomics of the amniotic fluid in assessment of the placenta. Relevance for preterm birth. Placenta 29 (Suppl A):S95-S101
214. Di Quinzio MK, Georgiou HM, Holdsworth-Carson SJ et al (2008) Proteomic analysis of human cervico-vaginal fluid displays differential protein expression in association with labor onset at term. J Proteome Res 7:1916-1921
215. Ferrero S, Gillott DJ, Remorgida V et al (2007) Proteomic analysis of peritoneal fluid in women with endometriosis. J Proteome Res 6:3402-3411
216. Fowler PA, Tattum J, Bhattacharya S et al (2007) An investigation of the effects of endometriosis on the proteome of human eutopic endometrium: a heterogeneous tissue with a complex disease. Proteomics 7:130-142
217. Buhimschi IA, Zhao G, Funai EF, et al. (2008) Proteomic profiling of urine identifies specific fragments of SERPINA1 and albumin as biomarkers of preeclampsia. Am J Obstet Gynecol 199:551.e1-551.e16
218. Romero R, Espinoza J, Rogers WT et al (2008) Proteomic analysis of amniotic fluid to identify women with preterm labor and intra-amniotic inflammation/infection: the use of a novel computational method to analyze mass spectrometric profiling. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 21:367-388
219. Katz-Jaffe MG, McReynolds S, Gardner DK, Schoolcraft WB (2009) The role of proteomics in defining the human embryonic secretome. Mol Hum Reprod 15:271-277
220. Hoang VM, Foulk R, Clauser K, Burlingame A, Gibson BW, Fisher SJ (2001) Functional proteomics: examining the effects of hypoxia on the cytotrophoblast protein repertoire. Biochemistry 40:4077-4086
221. Zhang Y, Zhang YL, Feng C et al (2008) Comparative proteomic analysis of human placenta derived from assisted reproductive technology. Proteomics 8:4344-4356
222. Domínguez F, Garrido-Gómez T, López JA et al (2009) Proteomic analysis of the human receptive versus non-receptive endometrium using differential in-gel electrophoresis and MALDI-MS unveils stathmin 1 and annexin A2 as differentially regulated. Hum Reprod 24:2607-2617
223. Arianmanesh M, McIntosh R, Lea RG, Fowler PA, Al-Gubory KH (2011) Ovine corpus luteum proteins, with functions including oxidative stress and lipid metabolism, show complex alterations during implantation. J Endocrinol (2011 in press)
224. Wang J, Li D, Dangott LJ, Wu G (2006) Proteomics and its role in nutrition research. J Nutr 136:1759-1762
225. Franco Mdo C, Ponzio BF, Gomes GN et al (2009) Micronutrient prenatal supplementation prevents the development of hypertension and vascular endothelial damage induced by intrauterine malnutrition. Life Sci 85:327-333
226. Hennig B, Ettinger AS, Jandacek RJ et al (2007) Using nutrition for intervention and prevention against environmental chemical toxicity and associated diseases. Environ Health Perspect 115:493-495
227. Wolfe KL, Kang X, He X et al (2008) Cellular antioxidant activity of common fruits. J Agric Food Chem 56:8418-8426
228. Song W, Derito CM, Liu MK et al (2010) Cellular antioxidant activity of common vegetables. J Agric Food Chem 58:6621-6629
229. Limón-Pacheco J, Gonsebatt ME (2009) The role of antioxidants and antioxidant-related enzymes in protective responses to environmentally induced oxidative stress. Mutat Res 674:137-147
230. Dalle-Donne I, Scaloni A, Giustarini D et al (2005) Proteins as biomarkers of oxidative/ nitrosative stress in diseases: the contribution of redox proteomics. Mass Spectrom Rev 24:55-99
231. Dalle-Donne I, Rossi R, Colombo R, Giustarini D, Milzani A (2006) Biomarkers of oxidative damage in human disease. Clin Chem 52:601-623
232. Tsukahara H (2007) Biomarkers for oxidative stress: clinical application in pediatric medicine. Curr Med Chem 14:339-351
233. Celi P (2010) Biomarkers of oxidative stress in ruminant medicine. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol. 2010 Sep 18 [Epub ahead of print]