메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 26, Issue 5, 2017, Pages 533-552

Biotic disturbances in Northern Hemisphere forests – a synthesis of recent data, uncertainties and implications for forest monitoring and modelling

Author keywords

Bark beetle; defoliator; DGVM; disease; forest carbon cycle; insect outbreak; pathogen; pest monitoring; tree mortality

Indexed keywords

BEETLE; CARBON CYCLE; DEFOLIATION; ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR; ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; FOREST ECOSYSTEM; MODELING; MORTALITY; NORTHERN HEMISPHERE; PATHOGEN;

EID: 85007072406     PISSN: 1466822X     EISSN: 14668238     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/geb.12558     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (142)

References (143)
  • 1
    • 0033530804 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tree mortality caused by the western hemlock looper in landscapes of central British Columbia
    • Alfaro, R.I., Taylor, S., Brown, G. & Wegwitz, E. (1999) Tree mortality caused by the western hemlock looper in landscapes of central British Columbia. Forest Ecology and Management, 124, 285–291.
    • (1999) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.124 , pp. 285-291
    • Alfaro, R.I.1    Taylor, S.2    Brown, G.3    Wegwitz, E.4
  • 4
    • 77649228051 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induced BVOCs: how to bug our models?
    • Arneth, A. & Niinemets, U. (2010) Induced BVOCs: how to bug our models? Trends in Plant Science, 15, 118–125.
    • (2010) Trends in Plant Science , vol.15 , pp. 118-125
    • Arneth, A.1    Niinemets, U.2
  • 5
    • 84880823729 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Future challenges of representing land-processes in studies on land–atmosphere interactions
    • Arneth, A., Mercado, L., Kattge, J. & Booth, B.B.B. (2012) Future challenges of representing land-processes in studies on land–atmosphere interactions. Biogeosciences, 9, 3587–3599.
    • (2012) Biogeosciences , vol.9 , pp. 3587-3599
    • Arneth, A.1    Mercado, L.2    Kattge, J.3    Booth, B.B.B.4
  • 6
    • 84872725245 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparing aerial detection and photo interpretation for conducting forest health surveys
    • Backsen, J.C. & Howell, B. (2013) Comparing aerial detection and photo interpretation for conducting forest health surveys. Western Journal of Applied Forestry, 28, 3–8.
    • (2013) Western Journal of Applied Forestry , vol.28 , pp. 3-8
    • Backsen, J.C.1    Howell, B.2
  • 7
    • 84886181437 scopus 로고
    • Using pheromones in the management of bark beetle outbreaks
    • (ed. by, Y.N. Baranchikov, W.J. Mattson, F.P. Hain, T.L. Payne, USDA Forest Service General Technical Report NE-153
    • Bakke, A. (1991) Using pheromones in the management of bark beetle outbreaks. Forest insects guilds: patterns of interaction with host trees (ed. by Y.N. Baranchikov, W.J. Mattson, F.P. Hain and T.L. Payne), pp. 371–377. USDA Forest Service General Technical Report NE-153.
    • (1991) Forest insects guilds: patterns of interaction with host trees , pp. 371-377
    • Bakke, A.1
  • 8
    • 20944440113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GLC2000: a new approach to global land cover mapping from Earth observation data
    • Bartholomé, E. & Belward, A.S. (2005) GLC2000: a new approach to global land cover mapping from Earth observation data. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 26, 1959–1977.
    • (2005) International Journal of Remote Sensing , vol.26 , pp. 1959-1977
    • Bartholomé, E.1    Belward, A.S.2
  • 10
    • 85018002799 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A blueprint for forest carbon science in Canada 2012 − 2020, Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Ottawa., (accessed 20 February 2016)
    • Bernier, P., Kurz, W.A., Lemprière, T. & Ste-Marie, C. (2012) A blueprint for forest carbon science in Canada 2012 − 2020. Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Ottawa. Available at: http://cfs.nrcan.gc.ca/pubwarehouse/pdfs/34222.pdf (accessed 20 February 2016).
    • (2012)
    • Bernier, P.1    Kurz, W.A.2    Lemprière, T.3    Ste-Marie, C.4
  • 11
    • 85018024009 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disturbances of EU forests caused by biotic agents, Final report, prepared for European Commission (DG ENV)
    • BIO Intelligence Service (2011) Disturbances of EU forests caused by biotic agents. Final report, prepared for European Commission (DG ENV).
    • (2011)
  • 13
    • 84887687333 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The consequences of tree pests and diseases for ecosystem services
    • Boyd, I.L., Freer-Smith, P.H., Gilligan, C.A. & Godfray, H.C.J. (2013) The consequences of tree pests and diseases for ecosystem services. Science, 342, 1235773.
    • (2013) Science , vol.342 , pp. 1235773
    • Boyd, I.L.1    Freer-Smith, P.H.2    Gilligan, C.A.3    Godfray, H.C.J.4
  • 14
    • 84993867282 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pests and diseases in Portuguese forestry: current and new threats
    • (ed. by, F. Reboredo, Springer, Cham, Switzerland
    • Branco, M., Bragança, H., Sousa, E. & Phillips, A.J.L. (2014) Pests and diseases in Portuguese forestry: current and new threats. Forest context and policies in Portugal (ed. by F. Reboredo), pp. 117–154. Springer, Cham, Switzerland.
    • (2014) Forest context and policies in Portugal , pp. 117-154
    • Branco, M.1    Bragança, H.2    Sousa, E.3    Phillips, A.J.L.4
  • 15
    • 85121159184 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disturbance interactions: characterization, prediction, and the potential for cascading effects
    • art
    • Buma, B. (2015) Disturbance interactions: characterization, prediction, and the potential for cascading effects. Ecosphere, 6(4), art. 70.
    • (2015) Ecosphere , vol.64 , pp. 70
    • Buma, B.1
  • 16
    • 85018009394 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forest pest monitoring in Canada current situation, compatibilities, gaps and proposed enhanced monitoring program, Canadian Forest Service, Ottawa., (accessed 30 November 2016)
    • Canadian Council of Forest Ministers (2012) Forest pest monitoring in Canada: current situation, compatibilities, gaps and proposed enhanced monitoring program. Canadian Forest Service, Ottawa. Available at: http://www.ccfm.org/pdf/PestMonitoring_2012_en.pdf (accessed 30 November 2016).
    • (2012)
  • 17
    • 85018019287 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National forestry database, (accessed 20 February 2016)
    • Canadian Forest Service (2016) National forestry database. Available at: http://nfdp.ccfm.org (accessed 20 February 2016).
    • (2016)
  • 19
    • 36549036539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insect defoliators as periodic disturbances in northern forest ecosystems
    • (ed. by, E.A. Johnson, K. Miyanishi, Academic Press, New York
    • Cooke, B.J., Nealis, V.G. & Régnière, J. (2007) Insect defoliators as periodic disturbances in northern forest ecosystems. Plant disturbance ecology (ed. by E.A. Johnson and K. Miyanishi), pp. 487–525. Academic Press, New York
    • (2007) Plant disturbance ecology , pp. 487-525
    • Cooke, B.J.1    Nealis, V.G.2    Régnière, J.3
  • 23
    • 84907808462 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A general ecophysiological framework for modelling the impact of pests and pathogens on forest ecosystems
    • Dietze, M.C. & Hatala Matthes, J. (2014) A general ecophysiological framework for modelling the impact of pests and pathogens on forest ecosystems. Ecological Letters, 17, 1418–1426.
    • (2014) Ecological Letters , vol.17 , pp. 1418-1426
    • Dietze, M.C.1    Hatala Matthes, J.2
  • 26
    • 84855321626 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulating coupled carbon and nitrogen dynamics following mountain pine beetle outbreaks in the western United States
    • Edburg, S.L., Hicke, J.A., Lawrence, D.M. & Thornton, P.E. (2011) Simulating coupled carbon and nitrogen dynamics following mountain pine beetle outbreaks in the western United States. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, 116, G04033.
    • (2011) Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences , vol.116 , pp. G04033
    • Edburg, S.L.1    Hicke, J.A.2    Lawrence, D.M.3    Thornton, P.E.4
  • 28
    • 85018007659 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Visual assessment of crown condition and damaging agents. Manual part IV. UNECE ICP Forest Programme Co-ordinating Centre, Hamburg., (accessed 30 November 2016)
    • Eichhorn, J., Roskamp, P., Ferretti, M., Mues, V., Szepesi, A. & Durrant, D. (2010) Visual assessment of crown condition and damaging agents. Manual part IV. UNECE ICP Forest Programme Co-ordinating Centre, Hamburg. Available at http://icp-forests.net/page/icp-forests-manual (accessed 30 November 2016).
    • (2010)
    • Eichhorn, J.1    Roskamp, P.2    Ferretti, M.3    Mues, V.4    Szepesi, A.5    Durrant, D.6
  • 29
    • 85018007271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global forest resources assessment 2005, FAO Forestry Paper 147. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy
    • FAO (2006) Global forest resources assessment 2005. FAO Forestry Paper 147. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy.
    • (2006)
  • 30
    • 85017992609 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global forest resources assessment 2010, FAO Forestry Paper 163. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy., (accessed 20 February 2016)
    • FAO (2010) Global forest resources assessment 2010. FAO Forestry Paper 163. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy. Available at http://countrystat.org/home.aspx?c=FOR&tr=5 (accessed 20 February 2016).
    • (2010)
  • 31
    • 85018028474 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Major indicators of forest management activities for 1988, 1992–2005, Roslesinforg, Moscow, Russia (in Russian)
    • Federal Service of Forest Management, Russia (2006) Major indicators of forest management activities for 1988, 1992–2005. Roslesinforg, Moscow, Russia (in Russian).
    • (2006)
  • 33
    • 84928891249 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Responses of temperate forest productivity to insect and pathogen disturbances
    • Flower, C.E. & Gonzales-Meler, M.A. (2015) Responses of temperate forest productivity to insect and pathogen disturbances. Annual Review of Plant Biology, 66, 547–569.
    • (2015) Annual Review of Plant Biology , vol.66 , pp. 547-569
    • Flower, C.E.1    Gonzales-Meler, M.A.2
  • 34
    • 85018002060 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • State of Japan's forests and forest management, 2nd country report of Japan to the Montreal Process. Forestry Agency, Japan, Tokyo
    • Forest Agency, Japan (2009) State of Japan's forests and forest management. 2nd country report of Japan to the Montreal Process. Forestry Agency, Japan, Tokyo.
    • (2009)
  • 35
    • 85018026096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (eds) (, Methodology of forest insect and disease survey in Central Europe. Proceedings of the 2nd workshop of the IUFRO WP 7.03.10, April 20–23, 1999, Sion-Châteauneuf, Switzerland, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Birmensdorf
    • Forster, B., Knížek, M. & Grodzki, W. (eds) (1999) Methodology of forest insect and disease survey in Central Europe. Proceedings of the 2nd workshop of the IUFRO WP 7.03.10, April 20–23, 1999, Sion-Châteauneuf, Switzerland. Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Birmensdorf.
    • (1999)
    • Forster, B.1    Knížek, M.2    Grodzki, W.3
  • 36
    • 85006591800 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carbon emissions from forest vegetation caused by three major disturbances in China
    • Fu, C., Fang, H. & Yu, G. (2011) Carbon emissions from forest vegetation caused by three major disturbances in China. Journal of Resources and Ecology, 2, 202–209.
    • (2011) Journal of Resources and Ecology , vol.2 , pp. 202-209
    • Fu, C.1    Fang, H.2    Yu, G.3
  • 37
    • 84867205907 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fire-induced carbon emissions and regrowth uptake in western U.S. forests: documenting variation across forest types, fire severity, and climate regions
    • Ghimire, B., Williams, C.A., Collatz, G.J. & Vanderhoof, M. (2012) Fire-induced carbon emissions and regrowth uptake in western U.S. forests: documenting variation across forest types, fire severity, and climate regions. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, 117, G03036.
    • (2012) Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences , vol.117 , pp. G03036
    • Ghimire, B.1    Williams, C.A.2    Collatz, G.J.3    Vanderhoof, M.4
  • 39
    • 84880121368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of daily, monthly, and annual burned area using the fourth-generation global fire emissions database (GFED4)
    • Giglio, L., Randerson, J.T. & van der Werf, G.R. (2013) Analysis of daily, monthly, and annual burned area using the fourth-generation global fire emissions database (GFED4). Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, 118, 317–328.
    • (2013) Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences , vol.118 , pp. 317-328
    • Giglio, L.1    Randerson, J.T.2    van der Werf, G.R.3
  • 40
    • 78650913442 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dendrolimus sibiricus in the coniferous forests of European Russia at the beginning of the twenty-first century
    • Gninenko, Y.I. & Orlinskii, A.D. (2002) Dendrolimus sibiricus in the coniferous forests of European Russia at the beginning of the twenty-first century. OEPP/EPPO Bulletin, 32, 481–483.
    • (2002) OEPP/EPPO Bulletin , vol.32 , pp. 481-483
    • Gninenko, Y.I.1    Orlinskii, A.D.2
  • 41
    • 33746899352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outbreak patterns of the spruce budworm and their impacts in Canada
    • Gray, D.R. & MacKinnon, W.E. (2006) Outbreak patterns of the spruce budworm and their impacts in Canada. The Forestry Chronicle, 82, 550–561.
    • (2006) The Forestry Chronicle , vol.82 , pp. 550-561
    • Gray, D.R.1    MacKinnon, W.E.2
  • 42
    • 33645122963 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Damage and control of BAWBILT organisms, an overview
    • (ed. by, F. Lieutier, K.R. Day, A. Battisti, J.-C. Grégoire, H.F. Evans, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht
    • Grégoire, J.C. & Evans, H.F. (2004) Damage and control of BAWBILT organisms, an overview. Bark and wood boring insects in living trees in Europe, a synthesis (ed. by F. Lieutier, K.R. Day, A. Battisti, J.-C. Grégoire and H.F. Evans), pp. 19–37. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht.
    • (2004) Bark and wood boring insects in living trees in Europe, a synthesis , pp. 19-37
    • Grégoire, J.C.1    Evans, H.F.2
  • 43
    • 0036091763 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natural disturbance dynamics in the boreal forests of European Russia: a review
    • Gromtsev, A. (2002) Natural disturbance dynamics in the boreal forests of European Russia: a review. Silva Fennica, 36, 41–55.
    • (2002) Silva Fennica , vol.36 , pp. 41-55
    • Gromtsev, A.1
  • 45
    • 84966657178 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Remote sensing of forest pest damage: a review and lessons learned from a Canadian perspective
    • Hall, R.J., Castilla, G., White, J.C., Cooke, B.J. & Skakun, R.S. (2016) Remote sensing of forest pest damage: a review and lessons learned from a Canadian perspective. The Canadian Entomologist, 148. doi:10.4039/tce.2016.11.
    • (2016) The Canadian Entomologist , vol.148
    • Hall, R.J.1    Castilla, G.2    White, J.C.3    Cooke, B.J.4    Skakun, R.S.5
  • 50
    • 84885438092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carbon stocks of trees killed by bark beetles and wildfire in the western United States
    • Hicke, J.A., Meddens, A.J.H., Allen, C.D. & Kolden, C.A. (2013) Carbon stocks of trees killed by bark beetles and wildfire in the western United States. Environmental Research Letters, 8, 035032.
    • (2013) Environmental Research Letters , vol.8 , pp. 035032
    • Hicke, J.A.1    Meddens, A.J.H.2    Allen, C.D.3    Kolden, C.A.4
  • 51
    • 77957876346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impacts of caterpillar disturbance on forest net primary production estimation in China
    • Huang, L., Ning, Z. & Zhang, X. (2010) Impacts of caterpillar disturbance on forest net primary production estimation in China. Ecological Indicators, 10, 1144–1151.
    • (2010) Ecological Indicators , vol.10 , pp. 1144-1151
    • Huang, L.1    Ning, Z.2    Zhang, X.3
  • 52
    • 0032764122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impacts of Tomicus minor on distribution and reproduction of Tomicus piniperda (Col., Scolytidae) on the trunk of the living Pinus yunnanensis trees
    • Hui, Y. & Xue-Song, D. (1999) Impacts of Tomicus minor on distribution and reproduction of Tomicus piniperda (Col., Scolytidae) on the trunk of the living Pinus yunnanensis trees. Journal of Applied Entomology, 123, 329–333.
    • (1999) Journal of Applied Entomology , vol.123 , pp. 329-333
    • Hui, Y.1    Xue-Song, D.2
  • 54
    • 82655174051 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forest insect pest management and forest management in China: an overview
    • Ji, L., Wang, Z., Wang, X. & An, L. (2011) Forest insect pest management and forest management in China: an overview. Environmental Management, 48, 1107–1121.
    • (2011) Environmental Management , vol.48 , pp. 1107-1121
    • Ji, L.1    Wang, Z.2    Wang, X.3    An, L.4
  • 55
    • 52649174787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantifying error in aerial survey data
    • Johnson, E.W. & Ross, J. (2008) Quantifying error in aerial survey data. Australian Forestry, 71, 216–222.
    • (2008) Australian Forestry , vol.71 , pp. 216-222
    • Johnson, E.W.1    Ross, J.2
  • 56
    • 34547841285 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of climate change on the population dynamics of Ips typographus in southern Sweden
    • Jönsson, A.M., Harding, S., Barring, L. & Ravn, H.P. (2007) Impact of climate change on the population dynamics of Ips typographus in southern Sweden. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 146, 70–81.
    • (2007) Agricultural and Forest Meteorology , vol.146 , pp. 70-81
    • Jönsson, A.M.1    Harding, S.2    Barring, L.3    Ravn, H.P.4
  • 57
    • 84866173323 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guess the impact of Ips typographus − an ecosystem modelling approach for simulating spruce bark beetle outbreaks
    • Jönsson, A.M., Schroeder, L.M., Lagergren, F., Anderbrant, O. & Smith, B. (2012) Guess the impact of Ips typographus − an ecosystem modelling approach for simulating spruce bark beetle outbreaks. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 166, 188–200.
    • (2012) Agricultural and Forest Meteorology , vol.166 , pp. 188-200
    • Jönsson, A.M.1    Schroeder, L.M.2    Lagergren, F.3    Anderbrant, O.4    Smith, B.5
  • 59
    • 84900413830 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On correcting the time-lag bias in aerial-surveyed bark beetle infestation data
    • Kautz, M. (2014) On correcting the time-lag bias in aerial-surveyed bark beetle infestation data. Forest Ecology and Management, 326, 157–162.
    • (2014) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.326 , pp. 157-162
    • Kautz, M.1
  • 60
    • 79957917055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantifying spatio-temporal dispersion of bark beetle infestations in epidemic and non-epidemic conditions
    • Kautz, M., Dworschak, K., Gruppe, A. & Schopf, R. (2011) Quantifying spatio-temporal dispersion of bark beetle infestations in epidemic and non-epidemic conditions. Forest Ecology and Management, 262, 598–608.
    • (2011) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.262 , pp. 598-608
    • Kautz, M.1    Dworschak, K.2    Gruppe, A.3    Schopf, R.4
  • 65
    • 0033135893 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A 70-year retrospective analysis of carbon fluxes in the Canadian forest sector
    • Kurz, W.A. & Apps, M.J. (1999) A 70-year retrospective analysis of carbon fluxes in the Canadian forest sector. Ecological Applications, 9, 526–547.
    • (1999) Ecological Applications , vol.9 , pp. 526-547
    • Kurz, W.A.1    Apps, M.J.2
  • 68
    • 84964319191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implementation of a marauding insect module (MIM, version 1.0) in the integrated biosphere simulator (IBIS, version 2.6b4) dynamic vegetation–land surface model
    • Landry, J.S., Price, D.T., Ramankutty, N., Parrott, L. & Matthews, H.D. (2016) Implementation of a marauding insect module (MIM, version 1.0) in the integrated biosphere simulator (IBIS, version 2.6b4) dynamic vegetation–land surface model. Geoscientific Model Development, 9, 1243–1261.
    • (2016) Geoscientific Model Development , vol.9 , pp. 1243-1261
    • Landry, J.S.1    Price, D.T.2    Ramankutty, N.3    Parrott, L.4    Matthews, H.D.5
  • 73
  • 75
    • 57449089646 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecological impacts of non-indigenous invasive fungi as forest pathogens
    • Loo, J.A. (2009) Ecological impacts of non-indigenous invasive fungi as forest pathogens. Biological Invasions, 11, 81–96.
    • (2009) Biological Invasions , vol.11 , pp. 81-96
    • Loo, J.A.1
  • 76
    • 85017999104 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aspects regarding the phytosanitary state of broad-leaved forests in Romania in 1998., Methodology of forest insect and disease survey in Central Europe. Proceedings of the 2nd workshop of the IUFRO WP 7.03.10, April 20–23, 1999, Sion-Châteauneuf, Switzerland, (ed. by B. Forster, M. Knížek and W. Grodzki), Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Birmensdorf
    • Lupu, D., Mihalache, G. & Ciorne, C. (1999) Aspects regarding the phytosanitary state of broad-leaved forests in Romania in 1998. Methodology of forest insect and disease survey in Central Europe. Proceedings of the 2nd workshop of the IUFRO WP 7.03.10, April 20–23, 1999, Sion-Châteauneuf, Switzerland (ed. by B. Forster, M. Knížek and W. Grodzki), pp. 42–47. Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Birmensdorf.
    • (1999) , pp. 42-47
    • Lupu, D.1    Mihalache, G.2    Ciorne, C.3
  • 78
    • 84922779327 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global satellite monitoring of climate-induced vegetation disturbances
    • McDowell, N.G., Coops, N.C., Beck, P.S.A. et al. (2015) Global satellite monitoring of climate-induced vegetation disturbances. Trends in Plant Science, 20, 114–123.
    • (2015) Trends in Plant Science , vol.20 , pp. 114-123
    • McDowell, N.G.1    Coops, N.C.2    Beck, P.S.A.3
  • 79
    • 84899026562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reconstructing disturbances and their biogeochemical consequences over multiple timescales
    • McLauchlan, K.K., Higuera, P.E. et al. (2014) Reconstructing disturbances and their biogeochemical consequences over multiple timescales. BioScience, 64, 105–116.
    • (2014) BioScience , vol.64 , pp. 105-116
    • McLauchlan, K.K.1    Higuera, P.E.2
  • 80
    • 0030404180 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accuracy of aerial sketch-mapping estimates of spruce budworm defoliation in New Brunswick
    • MacLean, D.A. & MacKinnon, W.E. (1996) Accuracy of aerial sketch-mapping estimates of spruce budworm defoliation in New Brunswick. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 26, 2099–2108.
    • (1996) Canadian Journal of Forest Research , vol.26 , pp. 2099-2108
    • MacLean, D.A.1    MacKinnon, W.E.2
  • 83
    • 0024222289 scopus 로고
    • History of pine wilt disease in Japan
    • Mamiya, Y. (1988) History of pine wilt disease in Japan. Journal of Nematology, 20, 219–226.
    • (1988) Journal of Nematology , vol.20 , pp. 219-226
    • Mamiya, Y.1
  • 84
    • 84868531141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatiotemporal patterns of observed bark beetle-caused tree mortality in British Columbia and the western United States
    • Meddens, A.J.H., Hicke, J.A. & Ferguson, C.A. (2012) Spatiotemporal patterns of observed bark beetle-caused tree mortality in British Columbia and the western United States. Ecological Applications, 22, 1876–1891.
    • (2012) Ecological Applications , vol.22 , pp. 1876-1891
    • Meddens, A.J.H.1    Hicke, J.A.2    Ferguson, C.A.3
  • 87
    • 79955012713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Massive mortality of aspen following severe drought along the southern edge of the Canadian boreal forest
    • Michaelian, M., Hogg, E.H., Hall, R.J. & Arsenault, E. (2011) Massive mortality of aspen following severe drought along the southern edge of the Canadian boreal forest. Global Change Biology, 17, 2084–2094.
    • (2011) Global Change Biology , vol.17 , pp. 2084-2094
    • Michaelian, M.1    Hogg, E.H.2    Hall, R.J.3    Arsenault, E.4
  • 88
    • 39349090781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate change and forests of the future: managing in the face of uncertainty
    • Millar, C.I., Stephenson, N.L. & Stephens, S.L. (2007) Climate change and forests of the future: managing in the face of uncertainty. Ecological Applications, 17, 2145–2151.
    • (2007) Ecological Applications , vol.17 , pp. 2145-2151
    • Millar, C.I.1    Stephenson, N.L.2    Stephens, S.L.3
  • 89
    • 17644374104 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ministry of Nature and Environment, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
    • Ministry of Nature and Environment, Mongolia (1998) Biological diversity in Mongolia. 1st national report. Ministry of Nature and Environment, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
    • (1998) Biological diversity in Mongolia. 1st national report
  • 90
    • 85018001976 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ministry of Nature and Environment, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
    • Ministry of Nature and Environment, Mongolia (2002) Report on national forest and water policy of Mongolia. Ministry of Nature and Environment, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
    • (2002) Report on national forest and water policy of Mongolia
  • 91
    • 85018027025 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • First forest overview report 2003, (accessed 20 February 2016)
    • Montréal Process (2003) First forest overview report 2003. Available at: http://www.montrealprocess.org (accessed 20 February 2016).
    • (2003)
  • 93
    • 85018001040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamics of foci of forest pest insects in Russia over the last decade., Proceedings. Ecology, survey and management of forest insects, (ed. by, M.L. McManus, A.M. Liebhold, USDA Forest Service General Technical Report NE-311. USDA Forest Service, Newtown Square, PA
    • Mozolevskaya, E.G., Utkina, I.A. & Matusevich, L.S. (2003) Dynamics of foci of forest pest insects in Russia over the last decade. Proceedings. Ecology, survey and management of forest insects (ed. by M.L. McManus and A.M. Liebhold), pp. 61–67. USDA Forest Service General Technical Report NE-311. USDA Forest Service, Newtown Square, PA.
    • (2003) , pp. 61-67
    • Mozolevskaya, E.G.1    Utkina, I.A.2    Matusevich, L.S.3
  • 95
    • 84898062309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An automated approach to map the history of forest disturbance from insect mortality and harvest with Landsat time-series data
    • Neigh, C.S.R., Bolton, D.K., Diabate, M., Williams, J.J. & Carvalhais, N. (2014) An automated approach to map the history of forest disturbance from insect mortality and harvest with Landsat time-series data. Remote Sensing, 6, 2782–2808.
    • (2014) Remote Sensing , vol.6 , pp. 2782-2808
    • Neigh, C.S.R.1    Bolton, D.K.2    Diabate, M.3    Williams, J.J.4    Carvalhais, N.5
  • 96
    • 0024484784 scopus 로고
    • Why are there so few tree-killing bark beetles associated with angiosperms?
    • Ohmart, C.P. (1989) Why are there so few tree-killing bark beetles associated with angiosperms? Oikos, 54, 242–245.
    • (1989) Oikos , vol.54 , pp. 242-245
    • Ohmart, C.P.1
  • 97
    • 0036816020 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Landscape patterns of hemlock decline in New England due to the introduced hemlock woolly adelgid
    • Orwig, D.A., Foster, D.R. & Mausel, D.L. (2002) Landscape patterns of hemlock decline in New England due to the introduced hemlock woolly adelgid. Journal of Biogeography, 29, 1475–1487.
    • (2002) Journal of Biogeography , vol.29 , pp. 1475-1487
    • Orwig, D.A.1    Foster, D.R.2    Mausel, D.L.3
  • 98
    • 27544485275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are bark beetle outbreaks less synchronous than forest Lepidoptera outbreaks?
    • Økland, B., Liebhold, A.M., Bjørnstad, O.N., Erbilgin, N. & Krokene, P. (2005) Are bark beetle outbreaks less synchronous than forest Lepidoptera outbreaks? Oecologia, 146, 365–372.
    • (2005) Oecologia , vol.146 , pp. 365-372
    • Økland, B.1    Liebhold, A.M.2    Bjørnstad, O.N.3    Erbilgin, N.4    Krokene, P.5
  • 99
    • 84951857800 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transition from windfall- to patch-driven outbreak dynamics of the spruce bark beetle Ips typographus
    • Økland, B., Nikolov, C., Krokene, P. & Vakula, J. (2016) Transition from windfall- to patch-driven outbreak dynamics of the spruce bark beetle Ips typographus. Forest Ecology and Management, 363, 63–73.
    • (2016) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.363 , pp. 63-73
    • Økland, B.1    Nikolov, C.2    Krokene, P.3    Vakula, J.4
  • 100
    • 84894230352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drivers of the bark beetle disturbance regime in Alpine forests in Austria
    • Pasztor, F., Matulla, C., Rammer, W. & Lexer, M.J. (2014) Drivers of the bark beetle disturbance regime in Alpine forests in Austria. Forest Ecology and Management, 318, 349–358.
    • (2014) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.318 , pp. 349-358
    • Pasztor, F.1    Matulla, C.2    Rammer, W.3    Lexer, M.J.4
  • 102
    • 83855165028 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toward dynamic global vegetation models for simulating vegetation-climate interactions and feedbacks: recent developments, limitations, and future challenges
    • Quillet, A., Peng, C. & Garneau, M. (2010) Toward dynamic global vegetation models for simulating vegetation-climate interactions and feedbacks: recent developments, limitations, and future challenges. Environmental Reviews, 18, 333–353.
    • (2010) Environmental Reviews , vol.18 , pp. 333-353
    • Quillet, A.1    Peng, C.2    Garneau, M.3
  • 104
    • 84923865781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of tree species on continental differences in boreal fires and climate feedbacks
    • Rogers, B.M., Soja, A.J., Goulden, M.L. & Randerson, J.T. (2015) Influence of tree species on continental differences in boreal fires and climate feedbacks. Nature Geoscience, 8, 228–234.
    • (2015) Nature Geoscience , vol.8 , pp. 228-234
    • Rogers, B.M.1    Soja, A.J.2    Goulden, M.L.3    Randerson, J.T.4
  • 105
    • 85018013998 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New IPCC Tier1 global biomass carbon map for the year 2000, Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN., (accessed 20 February 2016)
    • Ruesch, A. & Gibbs, H.K. (2008) New IPCC Tier1 global biomass carbon map for the year 2000. Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN. Available at: http://cdiac.ornl.gov/epubs/ndp/global_carbon/carbon_documentation.html (accessed 20 February 2016).
    • (2008)
    • Ruesch, A.1    Gibbs, H.K.2
  • 106
    • 84870251456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biogeographical patterns and determinants of invasion by forest pathogens in Europe
    • Santini, A., Ghelardini, L., De Pace, C. et al. (2013) Biogeographical patterns and determinants of invasion by forest pathogens in Europe. New Phytologist, 197, 238–250.
    • (2013) New Phytologist , vol.197 , pp. 238-250
    • Santini, A.1    Ghelardini, L.2    De Pace, C.3
  • 107
    • 85018011449 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Criteria and indicators for the conservation and sustainable management of temperate and boreal forests (Montreal Process) Russian Federation's national report, Moscow, Russia., (accessed 30 November 2016)
    • Savinov, A.I. (2009) Criteria and indicators for the conservation and sustainable management of temperate and boreal forests (Montreal Process): Russian Federation's national report. Moscow, Russia. Available at http://www.rinya.maff.go.jp/j/kaigai/pdf/2009r_3.pdf (accessed 30 November 2016)
    • (2009)
    • Savinov, A.I.1
  • 108
    • 0344925626 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natural disturbances in the European forests in the 19th and 20th centuries
    • Schelhaas, M.J., Nabuurs, G.J. & Schuck, A. (2003a) Natural disturbances in the European forests in the 19th and 20th centuries. Global Change Biology, 9, 1620–1633.
    • (2003) Global Change Biology , vol.9 , pp. 1620-1633
    • Schelhaas, M.J.1    Nabuurs, G.J.2    Schuck, A.3
  • 109
    • 85018019909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Database on forest disturbances in Europe (DFDE) – technical description, EFI Internal Report 14. European Forest Institute, Joensuu, Finland., (accessed 30 November 2016)
    • Schelhaas, M.J., Schuck, A. & Varis, S. (2003b) Database on forest disturbances in Europe (DFDE) – technical description. EFI Internal Report 14. European Forest Institute, Joensuu, Finland. Available at http://www.efi.int/files/attachments/publications/ir_14.pdf (accessed 30 November 2016)
    • (2003)
    • Schelhaas, M.J.1    Schuck, A.2    Varis, S.3
  • 111
    • 85018033095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Digital aerial sketchmapping, USDA Forest Service Report RSAC-1202-RPT2. USDA Forest Service, Remote Sensing Applications Center, Fort Collins, CO
    • Schrader-Patton, C. (2003) Digital aerial sketchmapping. USDA Forest Service Report RSAC-1202-RPT2. USDA Forest Service, Remote Sensing Applications Center, Fort Collins, CO.
    • (2003)
    • Schrader-Patton, C.1
  • 112
    • 45849142622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of bark beetle (Ips typographus L.) disturbance on timber production and carbon sequestration in different management strategies under climate change
    • Seidl, R., Rammer, W., Jäger, D. & Lexer, M.J. (2008) Impact of bark beetle (Ips typographus L.) disturbance on timber production and carbon sequestration in different management strategies under climate change. Forest Ecology and Management, 256, 209–220.
    • (2008) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.256 , pp. 209-220
    • Seidl, R.1    Rammer, W.2    Jäger, D.3    Lexer, M.J.4
  • 114
    • 84906850632 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increasing forest disturbances in Europe and their impact on carbon storage
    • Seidl, R., Schelhaas, M.J., Rammer, W. & Verkerk, P.J. (2014) Increasing forest disturbances in Europe and their impact on carbon storage. Nature Climate Change, 4, 806–810.
    • (2014) Nature Climate Change , vol.4 , pp. 806-810
    • Seidl, R.1    Schelhaas, M.J.2    Rammer, W.3    Verkerk, P.J.4
  • 115
    • 84958938895 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Small beetle, large-scale drivers: how regional and landscape factors affect outbreaks of the European spruce bark beetle
    • Seidl, R., Müller, J., Hothorn, T., Bässler, C., Heurich, M. & Kautz, M. (2016) Small beetle, large-scale drivers: how regional and landscape factors affect outbreaks of the European spruce bark beetle. Journal of Applied Ecology, 53, 530–540.
    • (2016) Journal of Applied Ecology , vol.53 , pp. 530-540
    • Seidl, R.1    Müller, J.2    Hothorn, T.3    Bässler, C.4    Heurich, M.5    Kautz, M.6
  • 116
    • 27844608892 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Main disturbance factors in north-west Russian forests: structure and databases
    • Selikhovkin, A.V. (2005) Main disturbance factors in north-west Russian forests: structure and databases. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research, 20, 27–32.
    • (2005) Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research , vol.20 , pp. 27-32
    • Selikhovkin, A.V.1
  • 117
    • 61849154168 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natural stand structures, disturbance regimes and successional dynamics in the Eurasian boreal forests: a review with special reference to Russian studies
    • Shorohova, E., Kuuluvainen, T., Kangur, A. & Jõgiste, K. (2009) Natural stand structures, disturbance regimes and successional dynamics in the Eurasian boreal forests: a review with special reference to Russian studies. Annals of Forest Science, 66, 1–20.
    • (2009) Annals of Forest Science , vol.66 , pp. 1-20
    • Shorohova, E.1    Kuuluvainen, T.2    Kangur, A.3    Jõgiste, K.4
  • 119
    • 84893608252 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial interactions between storm damage and subsequent infestations by the European spruce bark beetle
    • Stadelmann, G., Bugmann, H., Wermelinger, B. & Bigler, C. (2014) Spatial interactions between storm damage and subsequent infestations by the European spruce bark beetle. Forest Ecology and Management, 318, 167–174.
    • (2014) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.318 , pp. 167-174
    • Stadelmann, G.1    Bugmann, H.2    Wermelinger, B.3    Bigler, C.4
  • 120
    • 84941081596 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • China Forestry Publishing House, Beijing
    • State Forestry Administration, P.R. China (2013) National report on sustainable forest management. China Forestry Publishing House, Beijing.
    • (2013) National report on sustainable forest management
  • 122
    • 84942292184 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Net primary production of a temperate deciduous forest exhibits a threshold response to increasing disturbance severity
    • Stuart-Haëntjens, E., Curtis, P.S., Fahey, R.T., Vogel, C.S. & Gough, C.M. (2015) Net primary production of a temperate deciduous forest exhibits a threshold response to increasing disturbance severity. Ecology, 96, 2478–2487.
    • (2015) Ecology , vol.96 , pp. 2478-2487
    • Stuart-Haëntjens, E.1    Curtis, P.S.2    Fahey, R.T.3    Vogel, C.S.4    Gough, C.M.5
  • 124
    • 84873830127 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Red turpentine beetle: innocuous native becomes invasive tree killer in China
    • Sun, J., Lu, M., Gillette, N.E. & Wingfield, M.J. (2013) Red turpentine beetle: innocuous native becomes invasive tree killer in China. Annual Review of Entomology, 58, 293–311.
    • (2013) Annual Review of Entomology , vol.58 , pp. 293-311
    • Sun, J.1    Lu, M.2    Gillette, N.E.3    Wingfield, M.J.4
  • 125
    • 84882250866 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cross-scale interactions among bark beetles, climate change, and wind disturbances: a landscape modeling approach
    • Temperli, C., Bugmann, H. & Elkin, C. (2013) Cross-scale interactions among bark beetles, climate change, and wind disturbances: a landscape modeling approach. Ecological Monographs, 83, 383–402.
    • (2013) Ecological Monographs , vol.83 , pp. 383-402
    • Temperli, C.1    Bugmann, H.2    Elkin, C.3
  • 126
    • 84948954408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interactions among spruce bark beetle disturbances, climate change and forest dynamics captured by a forest landscape model
    • Temperli, C., Veblen, T.T., Hart, S.J., Kulakowski, D. & Tepley, A.J. (2015) Interactions among spruce bark beetle disturbances, climate change and forest dynamics captured by a forest landscape model. Ecosphere, 6, 231.
    • (2015) Ecosphere , vol.6 , pp. 231
    • Temperli, C.1    Veblen, T.T.2    Hart, S.J.3    Kulakowski, D.4    Tepley, A.J.5
  • 128
    • 85018012072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global terrestrial ecoregions, The Nature Conservancy, Arlington, VA., (accessed 20 February 2016)
    • The Nature Conservancy (2009) Global terrestrial ecoregions. The Nature Conservancy, Arlington, VA. Available at: http://maps.tnc.org/gis_data.html (accessed 20 February 2016).
    • (2009)
  • 129
    • 84978405251 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natural disturbance impacts on ecosystem services and biodiversity in temperate and boreal forests
    • Thom, D. & Seidl, R. (2016) Natural disturbance impacts on ecosystem services and biodiversity in temperate and boreal forests. Biological Reviews, 91, 760–781.
    • (2016) Biological Reviews , vol.91 , pp. 760-781
    • Thom, D.1    Seidl, R.2
  • 130
    • 52649171193 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC
    • USDA Forest Service (2005) Aerial survey geographic information system handbook. United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC.
    • (2005) Aerial survey geographic information system handbook
  • 132
    • 85018021124 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insect and disease survey data base, (accessed 20 February 2016)
    • USDA Forest Service (2016) Insect and disease survey data base. Available at: http://foresthealth.fs.usda.gov (accessed 20 February 2016).
    • (2016)
  • 134
    • 85018006669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The southern forest futures project technical report, SRS-GTR-178. USDA Forest Service, Asheville, NC
    • Wear, D.N. & Greis, J.G. (2013) The southern forest futures project: technical report. SRS-GTR-178. USDA Forest Service, Asheville, NC.
    • (2013)
    • Wear, D.N.1    Greis, J.G.2
  • 135
    • 84891367659 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Consequences of climate change for biotic disturbances in North American forests
    • Weed, A.S., Ayres, M.P. & Hicke, J.A. (2013) Consequences of climate change for biotic disturbances in North American forests. Ecological Monographs, 83, 441–470.
    • (2013) Ecological Monographs , vol.83 , pp. 441-470
    • Weed, A.S.1    Ayres, M.P.2    Hicke, J.A.3
  • 136
    • 33646176626 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spruce beetles and forest ecosystems in south-central Alaska: a review of 30 years of research
    • Werner, R.A., Holsten, E.H., Matsuoka, S.M. & Burnside, R.E. (2006) Spruce beetles and forest ecosystems in south-central Alaska: a review of 30 years of research. Forest Ecology and Management, 227, 195–206.
    • (2006) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.227 , pp. 195-206
    • Werner, R.A.1    Holsten, E.H.2    Matsuoka, S.M.3    Burnside, R.E.4
  • 138
    • 84855906493 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carbon consequences of forest disturbance and recovery across the conterminous United States
    • GB1005
    • Williams, C.A., Collatz, G.J., Masek, J. & Goward, S.N. (2012) Carbon consequences of forest disturbance and recovery across the conterminous United States. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 26, GB1005.
    • (2012) Global Biogeochemical Cycles , vol.26
    • Williams, C.A.1    Collatz, G.J.2    Masek, J.3    Goward, S.N.4
  • 140
    • 21244488980 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The red turpentine beetle, Dendroctonus valens LeConte (Scolytidae): an exotic invasive pest of pine in China
    • Yan, Z., Sun, J., Don, O. & Zhang, Z. (2005) The red turpentine beetle, Dendroctonus valens LeConte (Scolytidae): an exotic invasive pest of pine in China. Biodiversity and Conservation, 14, 1735–1760.
    • (2005) Biodiversity and Conservation , vol.14 , pp. 1735-1760
    • Yan, Z.1    Sun, J.2    Don, O.3    Zhang, Z.4
  • 141
    • 84925341762 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • China's national monitoring program on ecological functions of forests: an analysis of the protocol and initial results
    • Yang, J., Dai, G. & Wang, S. (2015) China's national monitoring program on ecological functions of forests: an analysis of the protocol and initial results. Forests, 6, 809–826.
    • (2015) Forests , vol.6 , pp. 809-826
    • Yang, J.1    Dai, G.2    Wang, S.3
  • 142
    • 84902507633 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insect-induced tree mortality of boreal forests in eastern Canada under a changing climate
    • Zhang, X., Lei, Y., Zhihai, M., Kneeshaw, D. & Peng, C. (2014) Insect-induced tree mortality of boreal forests in eastern Canada under a changing climate. Ecology and Evolution, 4, 2384–2394.
    • (2014) Ecology and Evolution , vol.4 , pp. 2384-2394
    • Zhang, X.1    Lei, Y.2    Zhihai, M.3    Kneeshaw, D.4    Peng, C.5
  • 143
    • 84900065845 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pine wilt disease in China
    • (ed. by, B.G. Zhao, K. Futai, J.R. Sutherland, Y. Takeuchi, Springer, Tokyo
    • Zhao, B.G. (2008) Pine wilt disease in China. Pine wilt disease (ed. by B.G. Zhao, K. Futai, J.R. Sutherland and Y. Takeuchi), pp. 18–25. Springer, Tokyo.
    • (2008) Pine wilt disease , pp. 18-25
    • Zhao, B.G.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.