메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 116, Issue 4, 2011, Pages

Simulating the impacts of disturbances on forest carbon cycling in North America: Processes, data, models, and challenges

(17)  Liu, Shuguang a   Bond Lamberty, Ben b   Hicke, Jeffrey A c   Vargas, Rodrigo d   Zhao, Shuqing e   Chen, Jing f   Edburg, Steven L c   Hu, Yueming g   Liu, Jinxun h   McGuire, A David i   Xiao, Jingfeng j   Keane, Robert k   Yuan, Wenping l   Tang, Jianwu m   Luo, Yiqi n   Potter, Christopher o   Oeding, Jennifer h  


Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CARBON BALANCE; CARBON CYCLE; ENVIRONMENTAL DISTURBANCE; HYPOTHESIS TESTING; LONG-TERM CHANGE; MICROCLIMATE; SPATIOTEMPORAL ANALYSIS; UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS;

EID: 80755167699     PISSN: 01480227     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2010JG001585     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (137)

References (247)
  • 1
    • 33845245412 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The contributions of land-use change, CO2 fertilization, and climate variability to the Eastern US carbon sink
    • DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01254.x
    • Albani, M., D. Medvigy, G. C. Hurtt, and P. R. Moorcroft (2006), The contributions of land-use change, CO2 fertilization, and climate variability to the Eastern US carbon sink, Global Change Biol., 12(12), 2370-2390, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01254.x. (Pubitemid 44857710)
    • (2006) Global Change Biology , vol.12 , Issue.12 , pp. 2370-2390
    • Albani, M.1    Medvigy, D.2    Hurtt, G.C.3    Moorcroft, P.R.4
  • 2
    • 75649102805 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predicting the impact of hemlock woolly adelgid on carbon dynamics of eastern United States forests
    • doi:10.1139/X09-167
    • Albani, M., P. R. Moorcroft, A. M. Ellison, D. A. Orwig, and D. R. Foster (2010), Predicting the impact of hemlock woolly adelgid on carbon dynamics of eastern United States forests, Can. J. For. Res., 40(1), 119-133, doi:10.1139/X09-167.
    • (2010) Can. J. For. Res. , vol.40 , Issue.1 , pp. 119-133
    • Albani, M.1    Moorcroft, P.R.2    Ellison, A.M.3    Orwig, D.A.4    Foster, D.R.5
  • 3
    • 0035045646 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paired-tower measurements of carbon and energy fluxes following disturbance in the boreal forest
    • DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2486.2001.00398.x
    • Amiro, B. D. (2001), Paired-tower measurements of carbon and energy fluxes following disturbance in the boreal forest, Global Change Biol., 7(3), 253-268, doi:10.1046/j.1365-2486.2001.00398.x. (Pubitemid 32325176)
    • (2001) Global Change Biology , vol.7 , Issue.3 , pp. 253-268
    • Amiro, B.D.1
  • 5
    • 64849085281 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Future emissions from Canadian boreal forest fires
    • doi:10.1139/X08-154
    • Amiro, B. D., A. Cantin, M. D. Flannigan, and W. J. de Groot (2009), Future emissions from Canadian boreal forest fires, Can. J. For. Res., 39(2), 383-395, doi:10.1139/X08-154.
    • (2009) Can. J. For. Res. , vol.39 , Issue.2 , pp. 383-395
    • Amiro, B.D.1    Cantin, A.2    Flannigan, M.D.3    De Groot, W.J.4
  • 6
    • 78049504152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecosystem carbon dioxide fluxes after disturbance in forests of North America
    • doi:10.1029/2010JG001390
    • Amiro, B. D., et al. (2010), Ecosystem carbon dioxide fluxes after disturbance in forests of North America, J. Geophys. Res., 115, G00K02, doi:10.1029/2010JG001390.
    • (2010) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.115
    • Amiro, B.D.1
  • 7
    • 29844457594 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulating the response of natural ecosystems and their fire regimes to climatic variability in Alaska
    • DOI 10.1139/x05-086
    • Bachelet, D., J. Lenihan, R. Neilson, R. Drapek, and T. Kittel (2005), Simulating the response of natural ecosystems and their fire regimes to climatic variability in Alaska, Can. J. For. Res., 35(9), 2244-2257, doi:10.1139/x05-086. (Pubitemid 43036322)
    • (2005) Canadian Journal of Forest Research , vol.35 , Issue.9 , pp. 2244-2257
    • Bachelet, D.1    Lenihan, J.2    Neilson, R.3    Drapek, R.4    Kittel, T.5
  • 10
    • 84860390227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Woody plant proliferation in North American drylands: A synthesis of impacts on Ecosystem Carbon Balance
    • doi:10.1029/2010JG001506
    • Barger, N., S. Archer, J. Campbell, C. Huang, J. Morton, and A. Knapp (2011), Woody plant proliferation in North American drylands: A synthesis of impacts on Ecosystem Carbon Balance, J. Geophys. Res., 116, G00K07, doi:10.1029/2010JG001506.
    • (2011) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.116
    • Barger, N.1    Archer, S.2    Campbell, J.3    Huang, C.4    Morton, J.5    Knapp, A.6
  • 11
    • 0030302293 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Total carbon and nitrogen in the soils of the world
    • doi:10.1111/j.1365-2389.1996.tb01386.x
    • Batjes, N. H. (1996), Total carbon and nitrogen in the soils of the world, Eur. J. Soil Sci., 47(2), 151-163, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2389.1996.tb01386. x.
    • (1996) Eur. J. Soil Sci. , vol.47 , Issue.2 , pp. 151-163
    • Batjes, N.H.1
  • 12
    • 77955623505 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Terrestrial gross carbon dioxide uptake: Global distribution and covariation with climate
    • doi:10.1126/science.1184984
    • Beer, C., et al. (2010), Terrestrial gross carbon dioxide uptake: Global distribution and covariation with climate, Science, 329(5993), 834-838, doi:10.1126/science.1184984.
    • (2010) Science , vol.329 , Issue.5993 , pp. 834-838
    • Beer, C.1
  • 13
    • 78049452248 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modelling forest management within a global vegetation model-Part 2: Model validation from a tree to a continental scale
    • doi:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2010.08.038
    • Bellassen, V., G. le Maire, O. Guin, J. F. Dhôte, P. Ciais, and N. Viovy (2011), Modelling forest management within a global vegetation model-Part 2: Model validation from a tree to a continental scale, Ecol. Modell., 222(1), 57-75, doi:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2010.08.038.
    • (2011) Ecol. Modell. , vol.222 , Issue.1 , pp. 57-75
    • Bellassen, V.1    Le Maire, G.2    Guin, O.3    Dhôte, J.F.4    Ciais, P.5    Viovy, N.6
  • 15
    • 0028833627 scopus 로고
    • Land-atmosphere CO2 exchange simulated by a land surface process model coupled to an atmospheric general circulation model
    • doi:10.1029/94JD02961
    • Bonan, G. B. (1995), Land-atmosphere CO2 exchange simulated by a land surface process model coupled to an atmospheric general circulation model, J. Geophys. Res., 100(D2), 2817-2831, doi:10.1029/94JD02961.
    • (1995) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.100 , Issue.D2 , pp. 2817-2831
    • Bonan, G.B.1
  • 16
    • 77950210650 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temperature-associated increases in the global soil respiration record
    • doi:10.1038/nature08930
    • Bond-Lamberty, B., and A. Thomson (2010a), Temperature-associated increases in the global soil respiration record, Nature, 464(7288), 579-582, doi:10.1038/nature08930.
    • (2010) Nature , vol.464 , Issue.7288 , pp. 579-582
    • Bond-Lamberty, B.1    Thomson, A.2
  • 17
    • 77953674256 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A global database of soil respiration data
    • doi:10.5194/bg-7-1915-2010
    • Bond-Lamberty, B., and A. M. Thomson (2010b), A global database of soil respiration data, Biogeosciences, 7, 1915-1926, doi:10.5194/bg-7-1915-2010.
    • (2010) Biogeosciences , vol.7 , pp. 1915-1926
    • Bond-Lamberty, B.1    Thomson, A.M.2
  • 18
    • 16344391853 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reimplementation of the Biome-BGC model to simulate successional change
    • Bond-Lamberty, B., S. T. Gower, D. E. Ahl, and P. E. Thornton (2005), Reimplementation of the Biome-BGC model to simulate successional change, Tree Physiol., 25(4), 413-424. (Pubitemid 40466276)
    • (2005) Tree Physiology , vol.25 , Issue.4 , pp. 413-424
    • Bond-Lamberty, B.1    Gower, S.T.2    Ahl, D.E.3    Thornton, P.E.4
  • 19
    • 34250803839 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improved simulation of poorly drained forests using Biome-BGC
    • Bond-Lamberty, B., S. T. Gower, and D. E. Ahl (2007a), Improved simulation of poorly drained forests using Biome-BGC, Tree Physiol., 27(5), 703-715. (Pubitemid 46974829)
    • (2007) Tree Physiology , vol.27 , Issue.5 , pp. 703-715
    • Bond-Lamberty, B.1    Gower, S.T.2    Ahl, D.E.3
  • 20
    • 35948981586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fire as the dominant driver of central Canadian boreal forest carbon balance
    • DOI 10.1038/nature06272, PII NATURE06272
    • Bond-Lamberty, B., S.D.Peckham, D. E. Ahl, and S.T. Gower (2007b), The dominance of fire in determining carbon balance of the central Canadian boreal forest, Nature, 450(7166), 89-92, doi:10.1038/nature06272. (Pubitemid 350070572)
    • (2007) Nature , vol.450 , Issue.7166 , pp. 89-92
    • Bond-Lamberty, B.1    Peckham, S.D.2    Ahl, D.E.3    Gower, S.T.4
  • 21
    • 35948981586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fire as the dominant driver of central Canadian boreal forest carbon balance
    • DOI 10.1038/nature06272, PII NATURE06272
    • Bond-Lamberty, B., S. D. Peckham, D. E. Ahl, and S. T. Gower (2007c), Fire as the dominant driver of central Canadian boreal forest carbon balance, Nature, 450(7166), 89-92, doi:10.1038/nature06272. (Pubitemid 350070572)
    • (2007) Nature , vol.450 , Issue.7166 , pp. 89-92
    • Bond-Lamberty, B.1    Peckham, S.D.2    Ahl, D.E.3    Gower, S.T.4
  • 22
    • 64849093820 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of fire on regional evapotranspiration in the central Canadian boreal forest
    • doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01776.x
    • Bond-Lamberty, B., S. D. Peckham, S. T. Gower, and B. E. Ewers (2009), Effects of fire on regional evapotranspiration in the central Canadian boreal forest, Global Change Biol., 15(5), 1242-1254, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008. 01776.x.
    • (2009) Global Change Biol. , vol.15 , Issue.5 , pp. 1242-1254
    • Bond-Lamberty, B.1    Peckham, S.D.2    Gower, S.T.3    Ewers, B.E.4
  • 23
    • 0000609554 scopus 로고
    • Some ecological consequences of a computer model of forest growth
    • doi:10.2307/2258570
    • Botkin, D. B., J. F. Janak, and J. R. Wallis (1972), Some ecological consequences of a computer model of forest growth, J. Ecol., 60(3), 849-872, doi:10.2307/2258570.
    • (1972) J. Ecol. , vol.60 , Issue.3 , pp. 849-872
    • Botkin, D.B.1    Janak, J.F.2    Wallis, J.R.3
  • 24
    • 0030791599 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A continuous climate-vegetation classification for use in climate-biosphere studies
    • DOI 10.1016/S0304-3800(97)00049-5, PII S0304380097000495
    • Brovkin, V., A. Ganopolski, and Y. Svirezhev (1997), A continuous climate-vegetation classification for use in climate-biosphere studies, Ecol. Modell., 101(2-3), 251-261, doi:10.1016/S0304-3800(97)00049-5. (Pubitemid 27362940)
    • (1997) Ecological Modelling , vol.101 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 251-261
    • Brovkin, V.1    Ganopolski, A.2    Svirezhev, Y.3
  • 25
    • 0033547192 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial distribution of biomass in forests of the eastern USA
    • DOI 10.1016/S0378-1127(99)00017-1, PII S0378112799000171
    • Brown, S. L., P. Schroeder, and J. S. Kern (1999), Spatial distribution of biomass in forests of the eastern USA, For. Ecol. Manage., 123(1), 81-90, doi:10.1016/S0378-1127(99)00017-1. (Pubitemid 29432423)
    • (1999) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.123 , Issue.1 , pp. 81-90
    • Brown, S.L.1    Schroeder, P.2    Kern, J.S.3
  • 26
    • 74449087800 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of mountain pine beetle on the net ecosystem production of lodgepole pine stands in British Columbia
    • doi:10.1016/j.agrformet.2009.11.008
    • Brown, M., T. A. Black, Z. Nesic, V. N. Foord, D. L. Spittlehouse, A. L. Fredeen, N. J. Grant, P. J. Burton, and J. A. Trofymow (2010), Impact of mountain pine beetle on the net ecosystem production of lodgepole pine stands in British Columbia, Agric. For. Meteorol., 150(2), 254-264, doi:10.1016/j. agrformet.2009.11.008.
    • (2010) Agric. For. Meteorol. , vol.150 , Issue.2 , pp. 254-264
    • Brown, M.1    Black, T.A.2    Nesic, Z.3    Foord, V.N.4    Spittlehouse, D.L.5    Fredeen, A.L.6    Grant, N.J.7    Burton, P.J.8    Trofymow, J.A.9
  • 27
    • 24044459245 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Process level sensitivity analysis for complex ecological models
    • DOI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2005.01.044, PII S0304380005000840
    • Brugnach, M. (2005), Process level sensitivity analysis for complex ecological models, Ecol. Modell., 187(2-3), 99-120, doi:10.1016/j.ecolmodel. 2005.01.044. (Pubitemid 41224263)
    • (2005) Ecological Modelling , vol.187 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 99-120
    • Brugnach, M.1
  • 29
    • 0035205675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A review of forest gap models
    • DOI 10.1023/A:1012525626267
    • Bugmann, H. (2001), A review of forest gap models, Clim. Change, 51(3-4), 259-305, doi:10.1023/A:1012525626267. (Pubitemid 33145976)
    • (2001) Climatic Change , vol.51 , Issue.3-4 , pp. 259-305
    • Bugmann, H.1
  • 30
    • 77954236035 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate-vegetation-fire interactions and their impact on long-term carbon dynamics in a boreal peatland landscape in northern Manitoba, Canada
    • doi:10.1029/2009JG001071
    • Camill, P., A. Barry, E. Williams, C. Andreassi, J. Limmer, and D. Solick (2009), Climate-vegetation-fire interactions and their impact on long-term carbon dynamics in a boreal peatland landscape in northern Manitoba, Canada, J. Geophys. Res., 114, G04017, doi:10.1029/2009JG001071.
    • (2009) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.114
    • Camill, P.1    Barry, A.2    Williams, E.3    Andreassi, C.4    Limmer, J.5    Solick, D.6
  • 31
    • 0025683767 scopus 로고
    • Light regimes beneath closed canopies and tree-fall gaps in temperate and tropical forests
    • doi:10.1139/x90-084
    • Canham, C. D., J. S. Denslow, W. J. Platt, J. R. Runkle, T. A. Spies, and P. S. White (1990), Light regimes beneath closed canopies and tree-fall gaps in temperate and tropical forests, Can. J. For. Res., 20(5), 620-631, doi:10.1139/x90-084.
    • (1990) Can. J. For. Res. , vol.20 , Issue.5 , pp. 620-631
    • Canham, C.D.1    Denslow, J.S.2    Platt, W.J.3    Runkle, J.R.4    Spies, T.A.5    White, P.S.6
  • 32
    • 24144440652 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of climate change on range expansion by the mountain pine beetle in British Columbia
    • edited by J. E. Brooks, T., L. Shore and J. E. Stone Pac. For. Cent., Kelowna, B. C
    • Carroll, A. L., S. W. Taylor, J. Régnière, and L. Safranyik (2004), Effects of climate change on range expansion by the mountain pine beetle in British Columbia, in Mountain Pine Beetle Symposium: Challenges and Solutions, edited by J. E. Brooks, T. L. Shore and J. E. Stone, pp. 223-232, Pac. For. Cent., Kelowna, B. C.
    • (2004) Mountain Pine Beetle Symposium: Challenges and Solutions , pp. 223-232
    • Carroll, A.L.1    Taylor, S.W.2    Régnière, J.3    Safranyik, L.4
  • 33
    • 50849109812 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implications of the carbon cycle steady state assumption for biogeochemical modeling performance and inverse parameter retrieval
    • doi:10.1029/2007GB003033
    • Carvalhais, N., et al. (2008), Implications of the carbon cycle steady state assumption for biogeochemical modeling performance and inverse parameter retrieval, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 22, GB2007, doi:10.1029/2007GB003033.
    • (2008) Global Biogeochem. Cycles , vol.22
    • Carvalhais, N.1
  • 34
    • 77953929055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of vegetation and soil carbon pools out of equilibrium in a process model via eddy covariance and biometric constraints
    • doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02173.x
    • Carvalhais, N., M. Reichstein, P. Ciais, G. J. Collatz, M. D. Mahecha, L. Montagnani, D. Papale, S. Rambal, and J. Seixas (2010), Identification of vegetation and soil carbon pools out of equilibrium in a process model via eddy covariance and biometric constraints, Global Change Biol, 16(10), 2813-2829, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02173.x.
    • (2010) Global Change Biol , vol.16 , Issue.10 , pp. 2813-2829
    • Carvalhais, N.1    Reichstein, M.2    Ciais, P.3    Collatz, G.J.4    Mahecha, M.D.5    Montagnani, L.6    Papale, D.7    Rambal, S.8    Seixas, J.9
  • 35
    • 36248987210 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hurricane Katrina's carbon footprint on U.S. Gulf Coast forests
    • DOI 10.1126/science.1148913
    • Chambers, J. Q., J. I. Fisher, H. Zeng, E. L. Chapman, D. B. Baker, and G. C. Hurtt (2007), Hurricane Katrina's carbon footprint on U.S. Gulf Coast forests, Science, 318(5853), 1107, doi:10.1126/science.1148913. (Pubitemid 350134888)
    • (2007) Science , vol.318 , Issue.5853 , pp. 1107
    • Chambers, J.Q.1    Fisher, J.I.2    Zeng, H.3    Chapman, E.L.4    Baker, D.B.5    Hurtt, G.C.6
  • 37
    • 0033552660 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Daily canopy photosynthesis model through temporal and spatial scaling for remote sensing applications
    • doi:10.1016/S0304-3800(99)00156-8
    • Chen, J. M., J. Liu, J. Cihlar, and M. L. Goulden (1999), Daily canopy photosynthesis model through temporal and spatial scaling for remote sensing applications, Ecol. Modell, 124(2-3), 99-119, doi:10.1016/S0304-3800(99)00156-8.
    • (1999) Ecol. Modell , vol.124 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 99-119
    • Chen, J.M.1    Liu, J.2    Cihlar, J.3    Goulden, M.L.4
  • 38
    • 0033765339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Annual carbon balance of Canada's forests during 1895-1996
    • doi:10.1029/1999GB001207
    • Chen, J. M., W. Chen, J. Liu, J. Cihlar, and S. Gray (2000), Annual carbon balance of Canada's forests during 1895-1996, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 14(3), 839-849, doi:10.1029/1999GB001207.
    • (2000) Global Biogeochem. Cycles , vol.14 , Issue.3 , pp. 839-849
    • Chen, J.M.1    Chen, W.2    Liu, J.3    Cihlar, J.4    Gray, S.5
  • 40
    • 55249113367 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An improved state-parameter analysis of ecosystem models using data assimilation
    • doi:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2008.07.013
    • Chen, M., S. Liu, L. L. Tieszen, and D. Y. Hollinger (2008), An improved state-parameter analysis of ecosystem models using data assimilation, Ecol. Modell, 219(3-4), 317-326, doi:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2008.07.013.
    • (2008) Ecol. Modell , vol.219 , Issue.3-4 , pp. 317-326
    • Chen, M.1    Liu, S.2    Tieszen, L.L.3    Hollinger, D.Y.4
  • 41
    • 0034716039 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An integrated terrestrial ecosystem carbon-budget model based on changes in disturbance, climate, and atmospheric chemistry
    • doi:10.1016/S0304-3800(00)00371-9
    • Chen, W., J. Chen, and J. Cihlar (2000), An integrated terrestrial ecosystem carbon-budget model based on changes in disturbance, climate, and atmospheric chemistry, Ecol. Modell., 135(1), 55-79, doi:10.1016/S0304-3800(00) 00371-9.
    • (2000) Ecol. Modell. , vol.135 , Issue.1 , pp. 55-79
    • Chen, W.1    Chen, J.2    Cihlar, J.3
  • 42
    • 0036109574 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of stand age on net primary productivity of boreal black spruce forests in Ontario, Canada
    • DOI 10.1139/x01-165
    • Chen, W., J. M. Chen, D. T. Price, and J. Cihlar (2002), Effects of stand age on net primary productivity of boreal black spruce forests in Ontario, Canada, Can. J. For. Res., 32(5), 833-842, doi:10.1139/x01-165. (Pubitemid 34543857)
    • (2002) Canadian Journal of Forest Research , vol.32 , Issue.5 , pp. 833-842
    • Chen, W.1    Chen, J.M.2    Price, D.T.3    Cihlar, J.4
  • 43
    • 77957662531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can we reconcile atmospheric estimates of the Northern terrestrial carbon sink with land-based accounting?
    • doi:10.1016/j.cosust. 2010.06.008
    • Ciais, P., et al. (2010), Can we reconcile atmospheric estimates of the Northern terrestrial carbon sink with land-based accounting?, Curr. Opin. Environ. Sustainability, 2(4), 225-230, doi:10.1016/j.cosust. 2010.06.008.
    • (2010) Curr. Opin. Environ. Sustainability , vol.2 , Issue.4 , pp. 225-230
    • Ciais, P.1
  • 44
    • 4444259609 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carbon dynamics along a chronosequence of slash pine plantations in North Florida
    • Clark, K. L., H. L. Gholz, and M. S. Castro (2004), Carbon dynamics along a chronosequence of slash pine plantations in North Florida, Ecol. Appl, 14(4), 1154-1171, doi:10.1890/02-5391. (Pubitemid 39188064)
    • (2004) Ecological Applications , vol.14 , Issue.4 , pp. 1154-1171
    • Clark, K.L.1    Gholz, H.L.2    Castro, M.S.3
  • 45
    • 43149088495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using light-use and production efficiency models to predict photosynthesis and net carbon exchange during forest canopy disturbance
    • doi:10.1007/s10021-007-9105-0
    • Cook, B. D., P. V. Bolstad, J. G. Martin, F. A. Heinsch, K. J. Davis, W. Wang, A. R. Desai, and R. M. Teclaw (2008), Using light-use and production efficiency models to predict photosynthesis and net carbon exchange during forest canopy disturbance, Ecosystems, 11(1), 26-44, doi:10.1007/s10021-007- 9105-0.
    • (2008) Ecosystems , vol.11 , Issue.1 , pp. 26-44
    • Cook, B.D.1    Bolstad, P.V.2    Martin, J.G.3    Heinsch, F.A.4    Davis, K.J.5    Wang, W.6    Desai, A.R.7    Teclaw, R.M.8
  • 47
    • 23744446996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The forest vegetation simulator: A review of its structure, content, and applications
    • DOI 10.1016/j.compag.2005.02.003, PII S0168169905000347, Decision Support Systems for Forest Management
    • Crookston, N. L., and G. E. Dixon (2005), The forest vegetation simulator: A review of its structure, content, and applications, Comput. Electron. Agric, 49(1), 60-80, doi:10.1016/j.compag.2005.02.003. (Pubitemid 41139165)
    • (2005) Computers and Electronics in Agriculture , vol.49 , Issue.1 , pp. 60-80
    • Crookston, N.L.1    Dixon, G.E.2
  • 48
    • 0036704668 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The imprint of land-use history: Patterns of carbon and nitrogen in downed woody debris at the Harvard Forest
    • DOI 10.1007/s10021-002-1153-x
    • Currie, W. S., and K. J. Nadelhoffer (2002), The imprint of land-use history: Patterns of carbon and nitrogen in downed woody debris at the Harvard Forest, Ecosystems, 5(5), 446-460, doi:10.1007/s10021-002-1153-x. (Pubitemid 35465010)
    • (2002) Ecosystems , vol.5 , Issue.5 , pp. 446-460
    • Currie, W.S.1    Nadelhoffer, K.J.2
  • 49
    • 0038372112 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How surface fire in Siberian Scots pine forests affects soil organic carbon in the forest floor: Stocks molecular structure, and conversion to black carbon (charcoal)
    • doi:10.1029/2002GB001956
    • Czimczik, C. I., C. M. Preston, M. W. I. Schmidt, and E.-D. Schulze (2003), How surface fire in Siberian Scots pine forests affects soil organic carbon in the forest floor: Stocks, molecular structure, and conversion to black carbon (charcoal), Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 17(1), 1020, doi:10.1029/ 2002GB001956.
    • (2003) Global Biogeochem. Cycles , vol.17 , Issue.1 , pp. 1020
    • Czimczik, C.I.1    Preston, C.M.2    Schmidt, M.W.I.3    Schulze, E.-D.4
  • 50
    • 70349682156 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tree mortality following boreal forest fires reveals scale-dependant interactions between community structure and fire intensity
    • doi:10.1007/s10021-009-9272-2
    • Dalziel, B. D., and A. H. Perera (2009), Tree mortality following boreal forest fires reveals scale-dependant interactions between community structure and fire intensity, Ecosystems, 12(6), 973-981, doi:10.1007/s10021-009-9272-2.
    • (2009) Ecosystems , vol.12 , Issue.6 , pp. 973-981
    • Dalziel, B.D.1    Perera, A.H.2
  • 51
    • 33644866828 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temperature sensitivity of soil carbon decomposition and feedbacks to climate change
    • DOI 10.1038/nature04514, PII N04514
    • Davidson, E. A., and I. A. Janssens (2006), Temperature sensitivity of soil carbon decomposition and feedbacks to climate change, Nature, 440(7081), 165, doi:10.1038/nature04514. (Pubitemid 43372088)
    • (2006) Nature , vol.440 , Issue.7081 , pp. 165-173
    • Davidson, E.A.1    Janssens, I.A.2
  • 52
    • 34948909175 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assimilation of global MODIS leaf area index retrievals within a terrestrial biosphere model
    • DOI 10.1029/2007GL030014
    • Demarty, J., F. Chevallier, A. D. Friend, N. Viovy, S. Piao, and P. Ciais (2007), Assimilation of global MODIS leaf area index retrievals within a terrestrial biosphere model, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L15402, doi:10.1029/2007GL030014. (Pubitemid 47521281)
    • (2007) Geophysical Research Letters , vol.34 , Issue.15
    • Demarty, J.1    Chevallier, F.2    Friend, A.D.3    Viovy, N.4    Piao, S.5    Ciais, P.6
  • 53
    • 0030927476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simple scaling of photosynthesis from leaves to canopies without the errors of big-leaf models
    • De Pury, D. G. G., and G. D. Farquhar (1997), Simple scaling of photosynthesis from leaves to canopies without the errors of big-leaf models, Plant Cell Environ., 20(5), 537-557, doi:10.1111/j.1365-3040.1997.00094.x. (Pubitemid 27206953)
    • (1997) Plant, Cell and Environment , vol.20 , Issue.5 , pp. 537-557
    • De Pury, D.G.G.1    Farquhar, G.D.2
  • 54
    • 76149127708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wildfire and spruce beetle outbreak: Simulation of interacting disturbances in the central Rocky Mountains
    • doi:10.2980/16-1-3160
    • DeRose, R. J., and J. N. Long (2009), Wildfire and spruce beetle outbreak: Simulation of interacting disturbances in the central Rocky Mountains, Ecoscience, 16(1), 28-38, doi:10.2980/16-1-3160.
    • (2009) Ecoscience , vol.16 , Issue.1 , pp. 28-38
    • Derose, R.J.1    Long, J.N.2
  • 55
    • 34249785362 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regional carbon fluxes from an observationally constrained dynamic ecosystem model: Impacts of disturbance, CO2 fertilization, and heterogeneous land cover
    • DOI 10.1029/2006JG000264
    • Desai, A. R., P. R. Moorcroft, P. V. Bolstad, and K. J. Davis (2007), Regional carbon fluxes from an observationally constrained dynamic ecosystem model: Impacts of disturbance, CO2 fertilization, and heterogeneous land cover, J. Geophys. Res., 112, G01017, doi:10.1029/2006JG000264. (Pubitemid 46851089)
    • (2007) Journal of Geophysical Research G: Biogeosciences , vol.112 , Issue.1
    • Desai, A.R.1    Moorcroft, P.R.2    Bolstad, P.V.3    Davis, K.J.4
  • 57
    • 33646154000 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial scaling of evapotranspiration as affected by heterogeneities in vegetation, topography, and soil texture
    • doi:10.1016/j.rse.2006.01.017
    • El Maayar, M., and J. Chen (2006), Spatial scaling of evapotranspiration as affected by heterogeneities in vegetation, topography, and soil texture, Remote Sens. Environ., 102(1-2), 33-51, doi:10.1016/j.rse.2006.01.017.
    • (2006) Remote Sens. Environ. , vol.102 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 33-51
    • El Maayar, M.1    Chen, J.2
  • 59
    • 0035933513 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in forest biomass carbon storage in China between 1949 and 1998
    • DOI 10.1126/science.1058629
    • Fang, J., A. Chen, C. Peng, S. Zhao, and L. Ci (2001), Changes in forest biomass carbon storage in China between 1949 and 1998, Science, 292(5525), 2320-2322, doi:10.1126/science.1058629. (Pubitemid 32568052)
    • (2001) Science , vol.292 , Issue.5525 , pp. 2320-2322
    • Fang, J.1    Chen, A.2    Peng, C.3    Zhao, S.4    Ci, L.5
  • 60
    • 0036802628 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Landscape-scale analysis of interactions between insect defoliation and forest fire in central Canada
    • DOI 10.1023/A:1020299422491
    • Fleming, R. A., J. N. Candau, and R. S. McAlpine (2002), Landscape-scale analysis of interactions between insect defoliation and forest fire in central Canada, Clim. Change, 55(1-2), 251-272, doi:10.1023/A:1020299422491. (Pubitemid 35211847)
    • (2002) Climatic Change , vol.55 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 251-272
    • Fleming, R.A.1    Candau, J.-N.2    McAlpine, R.S.3
  • 61
    • 0030357690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An integrated biosphere model of land surface processes, terrestrial carbon balance, and vegetation dynamics
    • doi:10.1029/96GB02692
    • Foley, J. A., I. C. Prentice, N. Ramankutty, S. Levis, D. Pollard, S. Sitch, and A. Haxeltine (1996), An integrated biosphere model of land surface processes, terrestrial carbon balance, and vegetation dynamics, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 10(4), 603-628, doi:10.1029/96GB02692.
    • (1996) Global Biogeochem. Cycles , vol.10 , Issue.4 , pp. 603-628
    • Foley, J.A.1    Prentice, I.C.2    Ramankutty, N.3    Levis, S.4    Pollard, D.5    Sitch, S.6    Haxeltine, A.7
  • 63
    • 71049115939 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A generic model of thinning and stand density effects on forest growth, mortality and net increment
    • doi:10.1051/forest/2009073
    • Franklin, O., K. Aoki, and R. Seidl (2009), A generic model of thinning and stand density effects on forest growth, mortality and net increment, Ann. For. Sci., 66(8), 815, doi:10.1051/forest/2009073.
    • (2009) Ann. For. Sci. , vol.66 , Issue.8 , pp. 815
    • Franklin, O.1    Aoki, K.2    Seidl, R.3
  • 64
    • 49249100006 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using Landsat data to assess fire and burn severity in the North American boreal forest region: An overview and summary of results
    • doi:10.1071/WF08007
    • French, N. H. F., E. S. Kasischke, R. J. Hall, K. A. Murphy, D. L. Verbyla, E. E. Hoy, and J. L. Allen (2008), Using Landsat data to assess fire and burn severity in the North American boreal forest region: An overview and summary of results, Int. J. Wildland Fire, 17(4), 443-462, doi:10.1071/WF08007.
    • (2008) Int. J. Wildland Fire , vol.17 , Issue.4 , pp. 443-462
    • French, N.H.F.1    Kasischke, E.S.2    Hall, R.J.3    Murphy, K.A.4    Verbyla, D.L.5    Hoy, E.E.6    Allen, J.L.7
  • 65
    • 79958028248 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Model comparisons for estimating carbon emissions from North American wildland fire
    • doi:10.1029/2010JG001469
    • French, N. H. F., et al. (2011), Model comparisons for estimating carbon emissions from North American wildland fire, J. Geophys. Res., 116, G00K05, doi:10.1029/2010JG001469.
    • (2011) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.116
    • French, N.H.F.1
  • 66
    • 70350041108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MODIS Collection 5 global land cover: Algorithm refinements and characterization of new datasets
    • doi:10.1016/j.rse.2009.08.016
    • Friedl, M. A., D. Sulla-Menashe, B. Tan, A. Schneider, N. Ramankutty, A. Sibley, and X. Huang (2010), MODIS Collection 5 global land cover: Algorithm refinements and characterization of new datasets, Remote Sens. Environ., 114(1), 168-182, doi:10.1016/j.rse.2009.08.016.
    • (2010) Remote Sens. Environ. , vol.114 , Issue.1 , pp. 168-182
    • Friedl, M.A.1    Sulla-Menashe, D.2    Tan, B.3    Schneider, A.4    Ramankutty, N.5    Sibley, A.6    Huang, X.7
  • 68
    • 0030619093 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A process-based, terrestrial biosphere model of ecosystem dynamics (Hybrid v3.0)
    • DOI 10.1016/S0304-3800(96)00034-8, PII S0304380096000348
    • Friend, A. D., A. K. Stevens, R. G. Knox, and M. G. R. Cannell (1997), A process-based, terrestrial biosphere model of ecosystem dynamics (Hybrid v3.0), Ecol. Modell, 95(2-3), 249-287, doi:10.1016/S0304-3800(96)00034-8. (Pubitemid 27185882)
    • (1997) Ecological Modelling , vol.95 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 249-287
    • Friend, A.D.1    Stevens, A.K.2    Knox, R.G.3    Cannell, M.G.R.4
  • 69
    • 0034852022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling northern peatland decomposition and peat accumulation
    • DOI 10.1007/s10021-001-0105-1
    • Frolking, S., N. T. Roulet, T. R. Moore, P. J. H. Richard, M. Lavoie, and S. D. Muller (2001), Modeling northern peatland decomposition and peat accumulation, Ecosystems, 4(5), 479-498, doi:10.1007/s10021-001-0105-1. (Pubitemid 32832219)
    • (2001) Ecosystems , vol.4 , Issue.5 , pp. 479-498
    • Frolking, S.1    Roulet, N.T.2    Moore, T.R.3    Richard, P.J.H.4    Lavoie, M.5    Muller, S.D.6
  • 70
    • 76149126793 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forest disturbance and recovery: A general review in the context of spaceborne remote sensing of impacts on above-ground biomass and canopy structure
    • doi:10.1029/2008JG000911
    • Frolking, S., M. W. Palace, D. B. Clark, J. Q. Chambers, H. H. Shugart, and G. C. Hurtt (2009), Forest disturbance and recovery: A general review in the context of spaceborne remote sensing of impacts on above-ground biomass and canopy structure, J. Geophys. Res., 114, G00E02, doi:10.1029/2008JG000911.
    • (2009) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.114
    • Frolking, S.1    Palace, M.W.2    Clark, D.B.3    Chambers, J.Q.4    Shugart, H.H.5    Hurtt, G.C.6
  • 71
    • 51449110162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Validation and intercomparison of global Leaf Area Index products derived from remote sensing data
    • doi:10.1029/2007JG000635
    • Garrigues, S., et al. (2008), Validation and intercomparison of global Leaf Area Index products derived from remote sensing data, J. Geophys. Res., 113, G02028, doi:10.1029/2007JG000635.
    • (2008) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.113
    • Garrigues, S.1
  • 73
    • 34548477184 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The legacy of harvest and fire on ecosystem carbon storage in a north temperate forest
    • DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01406.x
    • Gough, C. M., C. S. Vogel, K. H. Harrold, K. George, and P. S. Curtis (2007), The legacy of harvest and fire on ecosystem carbon storage in a north temperate forest, Global Change Biol., 13(9), 1935-1949, doi:10.1111/j.1365- 2486.2007.01406.x. (Pubitemid 47370847)
    • (2007) Global Change Biology , vol.13 , Issue.9 , pp. 1935-1949
    • Gough, C.M.1    Vogel, C.S.2    Harrold, K.H.3    George, K.4    Curtis, P.S.5
  • 75
    • 42149190047 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forest disturbance and North American carbon flux
    • doi:10.1029/2008EO110001
    • Goward, S. N., et al. (2008), Forest disturbance and North American carbon flux, Eos Trans. AGU, 89(11), 105, doi:10.1029/2008EO110001.
    • (2008) Eos Trans. AGU , vol.89 , Issue.11 , pp. 105
    • Goward, S.N.1
  • 76
    • 0030460209 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aboveground net primary production decline with stand age: Potential causes
    • DOI 10.1016/0169-5347(96)10042-2, PII S0169534796100422
    • Gower, S. T., R. E. McMurtrie, and D. Murty (1996), Aboveground net primary production decline with stand age: Potential causes, Trends Ecol. Evol., 11(9), 378-382, doi:10.1016/0169-5347(96)10042-2. (Pubitemid 126381532)
    • (1996) Trends in Ecology and Evolution , vol.11 , Issue.9 , pp. 378-382
    • Gower, S.T.1    McMurtrie, R.E.2    Murty, D.3
  • 77
    • 79961213633 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vulnerability of high-latitude soil organic carbon in North America to disturbance
    • doi:10.1029/2010JG001507
    • Grosse, G., et al. (2011), Vulnerability of high-latitude soil organic carbon in North America to disturbance, J. Geophys. Res., 114, G00K06, doi:10.1029/2010JG001507.
    • (2011) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.114
    • Grosse, G.1
  • 78
    • 0242494415 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global percent tree cover at a spatial resolution of 500 meters: First results of the MODIS vegetation continuous fields algorithm
    • doi:10.1175/1087-3562 (2003)0072.0.CO;2
    • Hansen, M. C., R. S. DeFries, J. R. G. Townshend, M. Carroll, C. Dimiceli, and R. A. Sohlberg (2003), Global percent tree cover at a spatial resolution of 500 meters: First results of the MODIS vegetation continuous fields algorithm, Earth Interact., 7, 1-15, doi:10.1175/1087-3562 (2003)0072.0.CO;2.
    • (2003) Earth Interact. , vol.7 , pp. 1-15
    • Hansen, M.C.1    Defries, R.S.2    Townshend, J.R.G.3    Carroll, M.4    Dimiceli, C.5    Sohlberg, R.A.6
  • 79
    • 1642578923 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fire dynamics and implications for nitrogen cycling in boreal forests
    • doi:10.1029/2001JD000494
    • Harden, J. W., M. C. Mack, H. Veldhuis, and S. T. Gower (2003), Fire dynamics and implications for nitrogen cycling in boreal forests, J. Geo-phys. Res., 108(D3), 8223, doi:10.1029/2001JD000494.
    • (2003) J. Geo-phys. Res. , vol.108 , Issue.D3 , pp. 8223
    • Harden, J.W.1    MacK, M.C.2    Veldhuis, H.3    Gower, S.T.4
  • 80
    • 0022832740 scopus 로고
    • Ecology of coarse woody debris in temperate ecosystems
    • edited by A., MacFadyen and E. D. Ford Academic, Orlando, Fla., doi:10.1016/S0065-2504(08)60121-X
    • Harmon, M. E., et al. (1986), Ecology of coarse woody debris in temperate ecosystems, in Advances in Ecological Research, edited by A. MacFadyen and E. D. Ford, pp. 133-302, Academic, Orlando, Fla., doi:10.1016/S0065-2504(08)60121- X.
    • (1986) Advances in Ecological Research , pp. 133-302
    • Harmon, M.E.1
  • 81
    • 79957531282 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hetero-trophic respiration in disturbed forests: A review with examples from North America
    • doi:10.1029/2010JG001495
    • Harmon, M. E., B. Bond-Lamberty, J. Tang, and R. Vargas (2011), Hetero-trophic respiration in disturbed forests: A review with examples from North America, J. Geophys. Res., 116, G00K04, doi:10.1029/2010JG001495.
    • (2011) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.116
    • Harmon, M.E.1    Bond-Lamberty, B.2    Tang, J.3    Vargas, R.4
  • 82
    • 0030318804 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BIOME3: An equilibrium terrestrial biosphere model based on ecophysiological constraints, resource availability, and competition among plant functional types, Global Bio-geochem.
    • doi:10.1029/96GB02344
    • Haxeltine, A., and I. C. Prentice (1996), BIOME3: An equilibrium terrestrial biosphere model based on ecophysiological constraints, resource availability, and competition among plant functional types, Global Bio-geochem. Cycles, 10(4), 693-709, doi:10.1029/96GB02344.
    • (1996) Cycles , vol.10 , Issue.4 , pp. 693-709
    • Haxeltine, A.1    Prentice, I.C.2
  • 83
    • 0031848136 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of terrestrial carbon cycle models through simulations of the seasonal cycle of atmospheric CO2: First results of a model intercomparison study
    • doi:10.1029/97GB01936
    • Heimann, M., et al. (1998), Evaluation of terrestrial carbon cycle models through simulations of the seasonal cycle of atmospheric CO2: First results of a model intercomparison study, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 12(1), 1-24, doi:10.1029/97GB01936.
    • (1998) Global Biogeochem. Cycles , vol.12 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-24
    • Heimann, M.1
  • 84
    • 0036626537 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trends in North American net primary productivity derived from satellite observations 1982-1998
    • doi:10.1029/2001GB001550
    • Hicke, J. A., G. P. Asner, J. T. Randerson, C. Tucker, S. Los, R. Birdsey, J. C. Jenkins, and C. Field (2002), Trends in North American net primary productivity derived from satellite observations, 1982-1998, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 16(2), 1018, doi:10.1029/2001GB001550.
    • (2002) Global Biogeochem. Cycles , vol.16 , Issue.2 , pp. 1018
    • Hicke, J.A.1    Asner, G.P.2    Randerson, J.T.3    Tucker, C.4    Los, S.5    Birdsey, R.6    Jenkins, J.C.7    Field, C.8
  • 85
    • 0041417421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Postfire response of North American boreal forest net primary productivity analyzed with satellite observations
    • DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2486.2003.00658.x
    • Hicke, J. A., G. P. Asner, E. S. Kasischke, N. H. F. French, J. T. Randerson, G. James Collatz, B. J. Stocks, C. J. Tucker, S. O. Los, and C. B. Field (2003), Postfire response of North American boreal forest net primary productivity analyzed with satellite observations, Global Change Biol., 9(8), 1145-1157, doi:10.1046/j.1365-2486.2003.00658.x. (Pubitemid 37078483)
    • (2003) Global Change Biology , vol.9 , Issue.8 , pp. 1145-1157
    • Hicke, J.A.1    Asner, G.P.2    Kasischke, E.S.3    French, N.H.F.4    Randerson, J.T.5    Collatz, G.J.6    Stocks, B.J.7    Tucker, C.J.8    Los, S.O.9    Field, C.B.10
  • 86
    • 39349095421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial patterns of forest characteristics in the western United States derived from inventories
    • DOI 10.1890/06-1951.1
    • Hicke, J. A., J. C. Jenkins, D. S. Ojima, and M. Ducey (2007), Spatial patterns of forest characteristics in the western United States derived from inventories, Ecol. Appl., 17(8), 2387-2402, doi:10.1890/06-1951.1. (Pubitemid 351323476)
    • (2007) Ecological Applications , vol.17 , Issue.8 , pp. 2387-2402
    • Hicke, J.A.1    Jenkins, J.C.2    Ojima, D.S.3    Ducey, M.4
  • 87
    • 0003136574 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modelling aspen responses to climatic warming and insect defoliation in western Canada
    • Grand Junction, Colorado, 13-15 June 2000, Proc. RMRS-P-18, edited by W., D. Shepperd, et al. USDA For. Serv., Fort Collins, Colo
    • Hogg, E. H. (2001), Modelling aspen responses to climatic warming and insect defoliation in western Canada, in Sustaining Aspen in Western Landscapes: Symposium Proceedings, Grand Junction, Colorado, 13-15 June 2000, Proc. RMRS-P-18, edited by W. D. Shepperd, et al., pp. 325-338, USDA For. Serv., Fort Collins, Colo.
    • (2001) Sustaining Aspen in Western Landscapes: Symposium Proceedings , pp. 325-338
    • Hogg, E.H.1
  • 88
    • 46749129435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impacts of a regional drought on the productivity, dieback, and biomass of western Canadian aspen forests
    • DOI 10.1139/X08-001
    • Hogg, E. H., J. P. Brandt, and M. Michaelian (2008), Impacts of a regional drought on the productivity, dieback, and biomass of western Canadian aspen forests, Can. J. For. Res., 38(6), 1373-1384, doi:10.1139/X08-001. (Pubitemid 351947146)
    • (2008) Canadian Journal of Forest Research , vol.38 , Issue.6 , pp. 1373-1384
    • Hogg, E.H.1    Brandt, J.P.2    Michaelian, M.3
  • 89
    • 77958608936 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How well do we know the flux of CO2 from land-use change?
    • doi:10.1111/j.1600-0889. 2010.00473.x
    • Houghton, R. A. (2010), How well do we know the flux of CO2 from land-use change?, Tellus, Ser. B, 62(5), 337-351, doi:10.1111/j.1600-0889. 2010.00473.x.
    • (2010) Tellus, Ser. B , vol.62 , Issue.5 , pp. 337-351
    • Houghton, R.A.1
  • 90
    • 77957303060 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of time series stacks of Landsat images for reconstructing forest disturbance history
    • doi:10.1080/17538940902801614
    • Huang, C., et al. (2009), Development of time series stacks of Landsat images for reconstructing forest disturbance history, Int. J. Digital Earth, 2, 195-218, doi:10.1080/17538940902801614.
    • (2009) Int. J. Digital Earth , vol.2 , pp. 195-218
    • Huang, C.1
  • 91
    • 0031825364 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Terrestrial models and global change: challenges for the future
    • DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2486.1998.00203.x
    • Hurtt, G. C., P. R. Moorcroft, S. W. P. And, and S. A. Levin (1998), Terrestrial models and global change: Challenges for the future, Global Change Biol., 4(5), 581-590, doi:10.1046/j.1365-2486.1998. t01-1-00203.x. (Pubitemid 28393159)
    • (1998) Global Change Biology , vol.4 , Issue.5 , pp. 581-590
    • Hurtt, G.C.1    Moorcroft, P.R.2    Pacala, S.W.3    Levin, S.A.4
  • 93
    • 33744504220 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The underpinnings of land-use history: Three centuries of global gridded land-use transitions, wood-harvest activity, and resulting secondary lands
    • doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01150.x
    • Hurtt, G. C., S. Frolking, M. G. Fearon, B. Moore, E. Shevliakova, S. Malyshev, S. W. Pacala, and R. A. Houghton (2006), The underpinnings of land-use history: Three centuries of global gridded land-use transitions, wood-harvest activity, and resulting secondary lands, Global Change Biol., 12(7), 1208-1229, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01150.x.
    • (2006) Global Change Biol. , vol.12 , Issue.7 , pp. 1208-1229
    • Hurtt, G.C.1    Frolking, S.2    Fearon, M.G.3    Moore, B.4    Shevliakova, E.5    Malyshev, S.6    Pacala, S.W.7    Houghton, R.A.8
  • 94
    • 33845884289 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How strongly can forest management influence soil carbon sequestration?
    • DOI 10.1016/j.geoderma.2006.09.003, PII S0016706106002734
    • Jandl, R., M. Lindner, L. Vesterdal, B. Bauwens, R. Baritz, F. Hagedorn, D. W. Johnson, K. Minkkinen, and K. A. Byrne (2007), How strongly can forest management influence soil carbon sequestration?, Geoderma, 137(3-4), 253-268, doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2006.09.003. (Pubitemid 46026769)
    • (2007) Geoderma , vol.137 , Issue.3-4 , pp. 253-268
    • Jandl, R.1    Lindner, M.2    Vesterdal, L.3    Bauwens, B.4    Baritz, R.5    Hagedorn, F.6    Johnson, D.W.7    Minkkinen, K.8    Byrne, K.A.9
  • 95
    • 0043272180 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The vertical distribution of soil organic carbon and its relation to climate and vegetation
    • doi:10.1890/1051-0761(2000)010[0423:TVDOSO]2.0. CO;2
    • Jobbágy, E. G., and R. B. Jackson (2000), The vertical distribution of soil organic carbon and its relation to climate and vegetation, Ecol. Appl., 10(2), 423-436, doi:10.1890/1051-0761(2000)010[0423:TVDOSO]2.0. CO;2.
    • (2000) Ecol. Appl. , vol.10 , Issue.2 , pp. 423-436
    • Jobbágy, E.G.1    Jackson, R.B.2
  • 96
    • 0035863183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of forest management on soil C and N storage: Meta analysis
    • doi:10.1016/S0378-1127(00)00282-6
    • Johnson, D. W., and P. S. Curtis (2001), Effects of forest management on soil C and N storage: Meta analysis, For. Ecol. Manage., 140(2-3), 227-238, doi:10.1016/S0378-1127(00)00282-6.
    • (2001) For. Ecol. Manage. , vol.140 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 227-238
    • Johnson, D.W.1    Curtis, P.S.2
  • 97
    • 77950266266 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in fire regime break the legacy lock on successional trajectories in Alaskan boreal forest
    • doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02051.x
    • Johnstone, J. F., T. N. Hollingsworth, F. S. Chapin, and M. C. Mack (2010), Changes in fire regime break the legacy lock on successional trajectories in Alaskan boreal forest, Global Change Biol., 16(4), 1281-1295, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02051.x.
    • (2010) Global Change Biol. , vol.16 , Issue.4 , pp. 1281-1295
    • Johnstone, J.F.1    Hollingsworth, T.N.2    Chapin, F.S.3    MacK, M.C.4
  • 98
    • 0038117875 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Constraints on the temperature sensitivity of global soil respiration from the observed interannual variability in atmospheric CO2
    • DOI 10.1006/asle.2001.0041, PII S1530261X01900416
    • Jones, C. D., and P. M. Cox (2001), Constraints on the temperature sensitivity of global soil respiration from the observed interannual variability in atmospheric CO2, Atmos. Sci. Lett., 2(1-4), CII-CVIII. (Pubitemid 33703006)
    • (2001) Atmospheric Science Letters , vol.2 , Issue.1-4
    • Jones, C.D.1    Cox, P.M.2
  • 99
    • 36248950092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Topographic influences on wildfire consumption of soil organic carbon in interior Alaska: Implications for black carbon accumulation
    • DOI 10.1029/2007JG000458
    • Kane, E. S., E. S. Kasischke, D. W. Valentine, M. R. Turetsky, and A. D. McGuire (2007), Topographic influences on wildfire consumption of soil organic carbon in interior Alaska: Implications for black carbon accumulation, J. Geophys. Res., 112, G03017, doi:10.1029/2007JG000458. (Pubitemid 350120716)
    • (2007) Journal of Geophysical Research G: Biogeosciences , vol.112 , Issue.3
    • Kane, E.S.1    Kasischke, E.S.2    Valentine, D.W.3    Turetsky, M.R.4    McGuire, A.D.5
  • 100
    • 77956284090 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Topographic controls on black carbon accumulation in Alaskan black spruce forest soils: Implications for organic matter dynamics
    • doi:10.1007/s10533-009-9403-z
    • Kane, E. S., W. C. Hockaday, M. R. Turetsky, C. A. Masiello, D. W. Valentine, B. P. Finney, and J. A. Baldock (2010), Topographic controls on black carbon accumulation in Alaskan black spruce forest soils: Implications for organic matter dynamics, Biogeochemistry, 100(1-3), 39-56, doi:10.1007/s10533- 009-9403-z.
    • (2010) Biogeochemistry , vol.100 , Issue.1-3 , pp. 39-56
    • Kane, E.S.1    Hockaday, W.C.2    Turetsky, M.R.3    Masiello, C.A.4    Valentine, D.W.5    Finney, B.P.6    Baldock, J.A.7
  • 101
    • 29844457874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variation in postfire organic layer thickness in a black spruce forest complex in interior Alaska and its effects on soil temperature and moisture
    • DOI 10.1139/x05-159
    • Kasischke, E. S., and J. F. Johnstone (2005), Variation in postfire organic layer thickness in a black spruce forest complex in interior Alaska and its effects on soil temperature and moisture, Can. J. For. Res., 35(9), 2164-2177, doi:10.1139/x05-159. (Pubitemid 43036316)
    • (2005) Canadian Journal of Forest Research , vol.35 , Issue.9 , pp. 2164-2177
    • Kasischke, E.S.1    Johnstone, J.F.2
  • 102
    • 80053580421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantifying burned area for North American forests: Implications for direct reduction of carbon stocks
    • doi:10.1029/2011JG001707
    • Kasischke, E. S., T. Loboda, L. Giglio, N. H. F. French, E. E. Hoy, B. de Jong, and D. Riano (2011), Quantifying burned area for North American forests: Implications for direct reduction of carbon stocks, J. Geophys. Res., 116, G04003, doi:10.1029/2011JG001707.
    • (2011) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.116
    • Kasischke, E.S.1    Loboda, T.2    Giglio, L.3    French, N.H.F.4    Hoy, E.E.5    De Jong, B.6    Riano, D.7
  • 104
    • 0006677002 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 1996 FIRE-BGC-A mechanistic ecological process model for simulating fire succession on coniferous forest landscapes of the northern Rocky Mountains
    • Intermt. Res. Stn., Ogden, Utah
    • Keane, R. E., P. Morgan, and S. W. Running (1996), 1996 FIRE-BGC-A mechanistic ecological process model for simulating fire succession on coniferous forest landscapes of the northern Rocky Mountains, Res. Pap. INT-RP-484, Intermt. Res. Stn., Ogden, Utah.
    • (1996) Res. Pap. INT-RP-484
    • Keane, R.E.1    Morgan, P.2    Running, S.W.3
  • 105
    • 34247548384 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cascading effects of fire exclusion in rocky mountain ecosystems: A literature review
    • Rocky Mt. Res. Stn., Fort Collins, Colo
    • Keane, R. E., K. C. Ryan, T. T. Veblen, C. D. Allen, J. Logan, and B. Hawkes (2002), Cascading effects of fire exclusion in rocky mountain ecosystems: A literature review, Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-91, Rocky Mt. Res. Stn., Fort Collins, Colo.
    • (2002) Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-91
    • Keane, R.E.1    Ryan, K.C.2    Veblen, T.T.3    Allen, C.D.4    Logan, J.5    Hawkes, B.6
  • 106
    • 3543140667 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A classification of landscape fire succession models: Spatial simulations of fire and vegetation dynamics
    • DOI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2004.03.015, PII S0304380004002066
    • Keane, R. E., G. J. Cary, I. D. Davies, M. D. Flannigan, R. H. Gardner, S. Lavorel, J. M. Lenihan, C. Li, and T. S. Rupp (2004), A classification of landscape fire succession models: Spatial simulations of fire and vegetation dynamics, Ecol. Modell., 179(1), 3-27, doi:10.1016/j.ecolmodel. 2004.03.015. (Pubitemid 39027288)
    • (2004) Ecological Modelling , vol.179 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 3-27
    • Keane, R.E.1    Cary, G.J.2    Davies, I.D.3    Flannigan, M.D.4    Gardner, R.H.5    Lavorel, S.6    Lenihan, J.M.7    Li, C.8    Rupp, T.S.9
  • 107
    • 34247360811 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulating historical landscape dynamics using the landscape fire succession model LANDSUM version 4.0
    • Rocky Mt. Res. Stn., Fort Collins, Colo
    • Keane, R. E., L. M. Holsinger, and S. D. Pratt (2006), Simulating historical landscape dynamics using the landscape fire succession model LANDSUM version 4.0, Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-171CD, Rocky Mt. Res. Stn., Fort Collins, Colo.
    • (2006) Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-171CD
    • Keane, R.E.1    Holsinger, L.M.2    Pratt, S.D.3
  • 108
    • 34548103023 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trajectory-based change detection for automated characterization of forest disturbance dynamics
    • DOI 10.1016/j.rse.2007.03.010, PII S0034425707001216
    • Kennedy, R. E., W. B. Cohen, and T. A. Schroeder (2007), Trajectory-based change detection for automated characterization of forest disturbance dynamics, Remote Sens. Environ., 110(3), 370-386, doi:10.1016/j. rse.2007.03.010. (Pubitemid 47287765)
    • (2007) Remote Sensing of Environment , vol.110 , Issue.3 , pp. 370-386
    • Kennedy, R.E.1    Cohen, W.B.2    Schroeder, T.A.3
  • 109
    • 0030986517 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulating forest productivity and surface-atmosphere carbon exchange in the BOREAS study region
    • Kimball, J. S., P. E. Thornton, M. A. White, and S. W. Running (1997), Simulating forest productivity and surface-atmosphere carbon exchange in the BOREAS study region, Tree Physiol., 17(8-9), 589-599. (Pubitemid 27441964)
    • (1997) Tree Physiology , vol.17 , Issue.8-9 , pp. 589-599
    • Kimball, J.S.1    Thornton, P.E.2    White, M.A.3    Running, S.W.4
  • 110
    • 79954608648 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parameterization of a diagnostic carbon cycle model for continental scale application
    • doi:10.1016/j.rse.2011.02.024
    • King, D. A., D. P. Turner, and W. D. Ritts (2011), Parameterization of a diagnostic carbon cycle model for continental scale application, Remote Sens. Environ., 115(7), 1653-1664, doi:10.1016/j.rse.2011.02.024.
    • (2011) Remote Sens. Environ. , vol.115 , Issue.7 , pp. 1653-1664
    • King, D.A.1    Turner, D.P.2    Ritts, W.D.3
  • 111
    • 78349239632 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carbon cycle data assimilation with a generic phenology model, Carbon cycle data assimilation with a generic phenology model
    • doi:10.1029/2009JG001119
    • Knorr, W., T. Kaminski, M. Scholze, N. Gobron, B. Pinty, R. Giering, and P. P. Mathieu (2010), Carbon cycle data assimilation with a generic phenology model, Carbon cycle data assimilation with a generic phenology model, J. Geophys. Res., 115, G04017, doi:10.1029/2009JG001119.
    • (2010) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.115
    • Knorr, W.1    Kaminski, T.2    Scholze, M.3    Gobron, N.4    Pinty, B.5    Giering, R.6    Mathieu, P.P.7
  • 113
    • 34247228122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of fires on susceptibility of subalpine forests to a 19th century spruce beetle outbreak in western Colorado
    • DOI 10.1139/X06-182
    • Kulakowski, D., and T. T. Veblen (2006), The effect of fires on susceptibility of subalpine forests to 19th century spruce beetle outbreak in western Colorado, Can. J. For. Res., 36(11), 2974-2982, doi:10.1139/x06-182. (Pubitemid 46622550)
    • (2006) Canadian Journal of Forest Research , vol.36 , Issue.11 , pp. 2974-2982
    • Kulakowski, D.1    Veblen, T.T.2
  • 114
    • 0033135893 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A 70-year retrospective analysis of carbon fluxes in the Canadian Forest Sector
    • Kurz, W. A., and M. J. Apps (1999), A 70-year retrospective analysis of carbon fluxes in the Canadian Forest Sector, Ecol. Appl., 9(2), 526-547, doi:10.1890/1051-0761(1999)009[0526:AYRAOC]2.0.CO;2. (Pubitemid 29221231)
    • (1999) Ecological Applications , vol.9 , Issue.2 , pp. 526-547
    • Kurz, W.A.1    Apps, M.J.2
  • 115
    • 42549163271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mountain pine beetle and forest carbon feedback to climate change
    • DOI 10.1038/nature06777, PII NATURE06777
    • Kurz, W. A., C. C. Dymond, G. Stinson, G. J. Rampley, E. T. Neilson, A. L. Carroll, T. Ebata, and L. Safranyik (2008a), Mountain pine beetle and forest carbon feedback to climate change, Nature, 452(7190), 987-990, doi:10.1038/nature06777. (Pubitemid 351589611)
    • (2008) Nature , vol.452 , Issue.7190 , pp. 987-990
    • Kurz, W.A.1    Dymond, C.C.2    Stinson, G.3    Rampley, G.J.4    Neilson, E.T.5    Carroll, A.L.6    Ebata, T.7    Safranyik, L.8
  • 116
    • 44449179371 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Could increased boreal forest ecosystem productivity offset carbon losses from increased disturbances?
    • DOI 10.1098/rstb.2007.2198, PII Q875520RVNTJ40N5
    • Kurz, W. A., G. Stinson, and G. Rampley (2008b), Could increased boreal forest ecosystem productivity offset carbon losses from increased disturbances?, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B, 363(1501), 2259-2268, doi:10.1098/rstb.2007.2198. (Pubitemid 351770603)
    • (2008) Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences , vol.363 , Issue.1501 , pp. 2261-2269
    • Kurz, W.A.1    Stinson, G.2    Rampley, G.3
  • 117
    • 0036939341 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extensive belowground carbon storage supports roots and mycorrhizae in regenerating scrub oaks
    • DOI 10.1007/s00442-002-0932-6
    • Langley, J. A., B. G. Drake, and B. A. Hungate (2002), Extensive below-ground carbon storage supports roots and mycorrhizae in regenerating scrub oaks, Oecologia, 131(4), 542-548, doi:10.1007/s00442-002-0932-6. (Pubitemid 36080234)
    • (2002) Oecologia , vol.131 , Issue.4 , pp. 542-548
    • Langley, J.A.1    Drake, B.G.2    Hungate, B.A.3
  • 118
    • 0038304266 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in carbon storage and fluxes in a chronosequence of ponderosa pine
    • DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2486.2003.00624.x
    • Law, B. E., O. J. Sun, J. Campbell, S. Van Tuyl, and P. E. Thornton (2003), Changes in carbon storage and fluxes in a chronosequence of ponderosa pine, Global Change Biol., 9(4), 510-524, doi:10.1046/j.1365-2486. 2003.00624.x. (Pubitemid 36536967)
    • (2003) Global Change Biology , vol.9 , Issue.4 , pp. 510-524
    • Law, B.E.1    Sun, O.J.2    Campbell, J.3    Van Tuyl, S.4    Thornton, P.E.5
  • 120
    • 0032913813 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CO2 emissions from soil in response to climatic warming are overestimated - The decomposition of old soil organic matter is tolerant of temperature
    • Liski, J., H. Ilvesniemi, A. Mäkelä, and C. J. Westman (1999), CO2 emissions from soil in response to climatic warming are overestimated: The decomposition of old soil organic matter is tolerant of temperature, Ambio, 28(2), 171-174. (Pubitemid 29194654)
    • (1999) Ambio , vol.28 , Issue.2 , pp. 171-174
    • Liski, J.1    Ilvesniemi, H.2    Makela, A.3    Westman, C.J.4
  • 121
    • 84899813755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantifying the spatial details of carbon sequestration potential and performance
    • Science and Technology of Carbon Sequestration edited by B. McPherson and E. Sundquist AGU, Washington D. C
    • Liu, S. (2009), Quantifying the spatial details of carbon sequestration potential and performance, in Science and Technology of Carbon Sequestration, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol. 183, edited by B. McPherson and E. Sundquist, pp. 117-128, AGU, Washington D. C.
    • (2009) Geophys. Monogr. Ser. , vol.183 , pp. 117-128
    • Liu, S.1
  • 122
    • 0042238335 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling carbon dynamics in vegetation and soil under the impact of soil erosion and deposition
    • doi:10.1029/2002GB002010
    • Liu, S., N. Bliss, E. Sundquist, and T. G. Huntington (2003), Modeling carbon dynamics in vegetation and soil under the impact of soil erosion and deposition, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 17(2), 1074, doi:10.1029/2002GB002010.
    • (2003) Global Biogeochem. Cycles , vol.17 , Issue.2 , pp. 1074
    • Liu, S.1    Bliss, N.2    Sundquist, E.3    Huntington, T.G.4
  • 123
    • 4344581101 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contemporary carbon dynamics in terrestrial ecosystems in the Southeastern Plains of the United States
    • DOI 10.1007/s00267-003-9152-z
    • Liu, S., T. R. Loveland, and R. Kurtz (2004), Contemporary carbon dynamics in terrestrial ecosystems in the Southeastern Plains of the United States, Environ. Manage, 33, S442-S456, doi:10.1007/s00267-003-9152-z. (Pubitemid 41539001)
    • (2004) Environmental Management , vol.33 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Liu, S.1    Loveland, T.R.2    Kurtz, R.M.3
  • 124
    • 55249091563 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resolving model parameter values from carbon and nitrogen stock measurements in a wide range of tropical mature forests using nonlinear inversion and regression trees
    • doi:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2008.07.025
    • Liu, S., P. Anderson, G. Zhou, B. Kauffman, F. Hughes, D. Schimel, V. Watson, and J. Tosi (2008), Resolving model parameter values from carbon and nitrogen stock measurements in a wide range of tropical mature forests using nonlinear inversion and regression trees, Ecol. Modell., 219(3-4), 327-341, doi:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2008.07.025.
    • (2008) Ecol. Modell. , vol.219 , Issue.3-4 , pp. 327-341
    • Liu, S.1    Anderson, P.2    Zhou, G.3    Kauffman, B.4    Hughes, F.5    Schimel, D.6    Watson, V.7    Tosi, J.8
  • 126
    • 0142215483 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduction of soil carbon formation by tropospheric ozone under increased carbon dioxide levels
    • DOI 10.1038/nature02047
    • Loya, W. M., K. S. Pregitzer, N. J. Karberg, J. S. King, and C. P. Giardina (2003), Reduction of soil carbon formation by tropospheric ozone under increased carbon dioxide levels, Nature, 425(6959), 705-707, doi:10.1038/nature02047. (Pubitemid 37314310)
    • (2003) Nature , vol.425 , Issue.6959 , pp. 705-707
    • Loya, W.M.1    Pregitzer, K.S.2    Karberg, N.J.3    King, J.S.4    Giardina, C.P.5
  • 127
    • 78651509352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamic disequilibrium of the terrestrial carbon cycle under global change
    • doi:10.1016/j.tree.2010.11.003
    • Luo, Y., and E. Weng (2011), Dynamic disequilibrium of the terrestrial carbon cycle under global change, Trends Ecol. Evol., 26(2), 96-104, doi:10.1016/j.tree.2010.11.003.
    • (2011) Trends Ecol. Evol. , vol.26 , Issue.2 , pp. 96-104
    • Luo, Y.1    Weng, E.2
  • 130
    • 77955605650 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global convergence in the temperature sensitivity of respiration at ecosystem level
    • doi:10.1126/science.1189587
    • Mahecha, M. D., et al. (2010), Global convergence in the temperature sensitivity of respiration at ecosystem level, Science, 329(5993), 838-840, doi:10.1126/science.1189587.
    • (2010) Science , vol.329 , Issue.5993 , pp. 838-840
    • Mahecha, M.D.1
  • 131
    • 34249804340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimating forest carbon fluxes in a disturbed southeastern landscape: Integration of remote sensing, forest inventory, and biogeochemical modeling
    • DOI 10.1029/2005JG000062
    • Masek, J. G., and G. J. Collatz (2006), Estimating forest carbon fluxes in a disturbed southeastern landscape: Integration of remote sensing, forest inventory, and biogeochemical modeling, J. Geophys. Res., 111, G01006, doi:10.1029/2005JG000062. (Pubitemid 47489894)
    • (2006) Journal of Geophysical Research G: Biogeosciences , vol.111 , Issue.1
    • Masek, J.G.1    Collatz, G.J.2
  • 132
    • 43949094827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • North American forest disturbance mapped from a decadal Landsat record
    • doi:10.1016/j.rse.2008.02.010
    • Masek, J. G., C. Huang, R. Wolfe, W. Cohen, F. Hall, J. Kutler, and P. Nelson (2008), North American forest disturbance mapped from a decadal Landsat record, Remote Sens. Environ., 112(6), 2914-2926, doi:10.1016/j.rse.2008.02.010.
    • (2008) Remote Sens. Environ. , vol.112 , Issue.6 , pp. 2914-2926
    • Masek, J.G.1    Huang, C.2    Wolfe, R.3    Cohen, W.4    Hall, F.5    Kutler, J.6    Nelson, P.7
  • 133
    • 79955068467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recent rates of forest harvest and conversion in North America
    • doi:10.1029/2010JG001471
    • Masek, J. G., et al. (2011), Recent rates of forest harvest and conversion in North America, J. Geophys. Res., 116, G00K03, doi:10.1029/ 2010JG001471.
    • (2011) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.116
    • Masek, J.G.1
  • 134
    • 33749841892 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interaction of ice storms and management practices on current carbon sequestration in forests with potential mitigation under future CO2 atmosphere
    • DOI 10.1029/2005JD006428
    • McCarthy, H. R., R. Oren, H. S. Kim, K. H. Johnsen, C. Maier, S. G. Pritchard, and M. A. Davis (2006), Interaction of ice storms and management practices on current carbon sequestration in forests with potential mitigation under future CO2 atmosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D15103, doi:10.1029/ 2005JD006428. (Pubitemid 46028979)
    • (2006) Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres , vol.111 , Issue.15
    • McCarthy, H.R.1    Oren, R.2    Kim, H.-S.3    Johnsen, K.H.4    Maier, C.5    Pritchard, S.G.6    Davis, M.A.7
  • 135
    • 0027046193 scopus 로고
    • Interactions between carbon and nitrogen dynamics in estimating net primary productivity for potential vegetation in North America
    • McGuire, A. D. (1992), Interactions between carbon and nitrogen dynamics in estimating net primary productivity for potential vegetation in North America, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 6(2), 101-124, doi:10.1029/92GB00219. (Pubitemid 23401174)
    • (1992) Global Biogeochemical Cycles , vol.6 , Issue.2 , pp. 101-124
    • McGuire, A.D.1
  • 137
    • 77955143528 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vulnerability of white spruce tree growth in interior Alaska in response to climate variability: Dendrochronological, demographic, and experimental perspectives
    • doi:10.1139/X09-206
    • McGuire, A. D., R. W. Ruess, A. Lloyd, J. Yarie, J. S. Clein, and G. P. Juday (2010), Vulnerability of white spruce tree growth in interior Alaska in response to climate variability: Dendrochronological, demographic, and experimental perspectives, Can. J. For. Res., 40, 1197-1209, doi:10.1139/X09-206.
    • (2010) Can. J. For. Res. , vol.40 , pp. 1197-1209
    • McGuire, A.D.1    Ruess, R.W.2    Lloyd, A.3    Yarie, J.4    Clein, J.S.5    Juday, G.P.6
  • 138
    • 0036146693 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hurricane impacts on US forest carbon sequestration
    • doi:10.1016/S0269-7491(01) 00242-1
    • McNulty, S. G. (2002), Hurricane impacts on US forest carbon sequestration, Environ. Pollut, 116, suppl. 1, 17-24, doi:10.1016/S0269-7491(01) 00242-1.
    • (2002) Environ. Pollut , vol.116 , Issue.SUPPL. 1 , pp. 17-24
    • McNulty, S.G.1
  • 139
    • 77952391849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Responses of terrestrial ecosystems and carbon budgets to current and future environmental variability
    • doi:10.1073/pnas.0912032107
    • Medvigy, D., S. C. Wofsy, J. W. Munger, and P. R. Moorcroft (2010), Responses of terrestrial ecosystems and carbon budgets to current and future environmental variability, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 107(18), 8275-8280, doi:10.1073/pnas.0912032107.
    • (2010) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. , vol.107 , Issue.18 , pp. 8275-8280
    • Medvigy, D.1    Wofsy, S.C.2    Munger, J.W.3    Moorcroft, P.R.4
  • 140
    • 67849094094 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Testing a MODIS Global Disturbance Index across North America
    • Mildrexler, D., M. Zhao, and S. Running (2009), Testing a MODIS Global Disturbance Index across North America, Remote Sens. Environ., 113(10), 2103-2117.
    • (2009) Remote Sens. Environ. , vol.113 , Issue.10 , pp. 2103-2117
    • Mildrexler, D.1    Zhao, M.2    Running, S.3
  • 142
    • 4544314254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • LANDIS and forest landscape models
    • DOI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2004.03.016, PII S0304380004003461
    • Mladenoff, D. J. (2004), LANDIS and forest landscape models, Ecol. Modell, 180(1), 7-19, doi:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2004.03.016. (Pubitemid 39234694)
    • (2004) Ecological Modelling , vol.180 , Issue.1 , pp. 7-19
    • Mladenoff, D.J.1
  • 143
    • 0035202916 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A method for scaling vegetation dynamics: The ecosystem demography model (ED)
    • Moorcroft, P. R., G. C. Hurtt, and S. W. Pacala (2001), A method for scaling vegetation dynamics: The ecosystem demography model (ED), Ecol. Monogr., 71(4), 557-586, doi:10.1890/0012-9615(2001)071[0557: AMFSVD]2.0.CO;2. (Pubitemid 33124661)
    • (2001) Ecological Monographs , vol.71 , Issue.4 , pp. 557-586
    • Moorcroft, P.R.1    Hurtt, G.C.2    Pacala, S.W.3
  • 144
    • 17044440316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fire history and the global carbon budget: A 1 ° × 1° fire history reconstruction for the 20th century
    • doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.00920.x
    • Mouillot, F., and C. B. Field (2005), Fire history and the global carbon budget: A 1 ° × 1° fire history reconstruction for the 20th century, Global Change Biol, 11(3), 398-420, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.00920. x.
    • (2005) Global Change Biol , vol.11 , Issue.3 , pp. 398-420
    • Mouillot, F.1    Field, C.B.2
  • 145
    • 0035205613 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aboveground growth and competition in forest gap models: An analysis for studies of climatic change
    • DOI 10.1023/A:1012510619424
    • Norby, R., K. Ogle, P. Curtis, F.-W. Badeck, A. Huth, G. Hurtt, T. Kohyama, and J. Peñuelas (2001), Aboveground growth and competition in forest gap models: An Analysis for studies of climatic change, Clim. Change, 51(3-4), 415-447, doi:10.1023/A:1012510619424. (Pubitemid 33145980)
    • (2001) Climatic Change , vol.51 , Issue.3-4 , pp. 415-447
    • Norby, R.J.1    Ogle, K.2    Curtis, P.S.3    Badeck, F.-W.4    Huth, A.5    Hurtt, G.C.6    Kohyama, T.7    Penuelas, J.8
  • 146
    • 80755145073 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Probabilistic uncertainty specification: Overview, elaboration techniques and their application to a mechanistic model of carbon flux
    • doi:10.1016/j.envsoft.2011.03.003, in press
    • O'Hagan, A. (2011), Probabilistic uncertainty specification: Overview, elaboration techniques and their application to a mechanistic model of carbon flux, Environ. Modell. Software, doi:10.1016/j.envsoft.2011.03.003, in press.
    • (2011) Environ. Modell. Software
    • O'Hagan, A.1
  • 147
    • 70349773311 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The charcoal carbon pool in boreal forest soils
    • doi:10.1038/ngeo617
    • Ohlson, M., B. Dahlberg, T. Økland, K. J. Brown, and R. Halvorsen (2009), The charcoal carbon pool in boreal forest soils, Nat. Geosci., 2(10), 692-695, doi:10.1038/ngeo617.
    • (2009) Nat. Geosci. , vol.2 , Issue.10 , pp. 692-695
    • Ohlson, M.1    Dahlberg, B.2    Økland, T.3    Brown, K.J.4    Halvorsen, R.5
  • 148
    • 49149139946 scopus 로고
    • Forest development in North America following major disturbances
    • doi:10.1016/0378-1127(80)90013-4
    • Oliver, C. D. (1980), Forest development in North America following major disturbances, For. Ecol. Manage., 3, 153-168, doi:10.1016/0378-1127(80)90013-4.
    • (1980) For. Ecol. Manage. , vol.3 , pp. 153-168
    • Oliver, C.D.1
  • 149
    • 0030466577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carbon and nitrogen in coniferous forest soils after clear-felling and harvests of different intensity
    • doi:10.1016/0378-1127(95)03697-0
    • Olsson, B. A., H. Staaf, H. Lundkvist, J. Bengtsson, and K. Rosén (1996), Carbon and nitrogen in coniferous forest soils after clear-felling and harvests of different intensity, For. Ecol. Manage., 82(1-3), 19-32, doi:10.1016/0378-1127(95)03697-0.
    • (1996) For. Ecol. Manage. , vol.82 , Issue.1-3 , pp. 19-32
    • Olsson, B.A.1    Staaf, H.2    Lundkvist, H.3    Bengtsson, J.4    Rosén, K.5
  • 150
    • 0028763687 scopus 로고
    • Verification, validation, and confirmation of numerical models in the earth sciences
    • doi:10.1126/science.263.5147.641
    • Oreskes, N., K. Shrader-Frechette, and K. Belitz (1994), Verification, validation, and confirmation of numerical models in the earth sciences, Science, 263(5147), 641-646, doi:10.1126/science.263.5147.641.
    • (1994) Science , vol.263 , Issue.5147 , pp. 641-646
    • Oreskes, N.1    Shrader-Frechette, K.2    Belitz, K.3
  • 151
    • 0030418397 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forest models defined by field measurements: estimation, error analysis and dynamics
    • Pacala, S. W., C. D. Canham, J. Saponara, J. A. Silander Jr., R. K. Kobe, and E. Ribbens (1996), Forest models defined by field measurements: Estimation, error analysis and dynamics, Ecol. Monogr., 66(1), 1-43, doi:10.2307/2963479. (Pubitemid 126623239)
    • (1996) Ecological Monographs , vol.66 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-43
    • Pacala, S.W.1    Canham, C.D.2    Saponara, J.3    Silander Jr., J.A.4    Kobe, R.K.5    Ribbens, E.6
  • 152
  • 153
    • 80051879083 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A large and persistent carbon sink in the world's forests
    • doi:10.1126/science.1201609
    • Pan, Y., et al. (2011), A large and persistent carbon sink in the world's forests, Science, 333(6045), 988-993, doi:10.1126/science.1201609.
    • (2011) Science , vol.333 , Issue.6045 , pp. 988-993
    • Pan, Y.1
  • 154
    • 0023525613 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of factors controlling soil organic matter levels in Great Plains grasslands
    • Parton, W. J., D. S. Schimel, C. V. Cole, and D. S. Ojima (1987), Analysis of factors controlling soil organic-matter levels in great-plains grass-lands, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 51(5), 1173-1179, doi:10.2136/sssaj1987. 03615995005100050015x. (Pubitemid 19317426)
    • (1987) Soil Science Society of America Journal , vol.51 , Issue.5 , pp. 1173-1179
    • Parton, W.J.1    Schimel, D.S.2    Cole, C.V.3    Ojima, D.S.4
  • 155
    • 19544384486 scopus 로고
    • Influence of climate, soil moisture, and succession on forest carbon and nitrogen cycles
    • doi:10.1007/BF02186962
    • Pastor, J., and W. M. Post (1986), Influence of climate, soil moisture, and succession on forest carbon and nitrogen cycles, Biogeochemistry, 2(1), 3-27, doi:10.1007/BF02186962.
    • (1986) Biogeochemistry , vol.2 , Issue.1 , pp. 3-27
    • Pastor, J.1    Post, W.M.2
  • 156
    • 0033589332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modelling the response of net primary productivity (NPP) of boreal forest ecosystems to changes in climate and fire disturbance regimes
    • DOI 10.1016/S0304-3800(99)00137-4, PII S0304380099001374
    • Peng, C., and M. J. Apps (1999), Modelling the response of net primary productivity (NPP) of boreal forest ecosystems to changes in climate and fire disturbance regimes, Ecol. Modell., 122(3), 175-193, doi:10.1016/S0304-3800(99) 00137-4. (Pubitemid 29511224)
    • (1999) Ecological Modelling , vol.122 , Issue.3 , pp. 175-193
    • Peng, C.1    Apps, M.J.2
  • 157
    • 0030616405 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clear-cut forest harvest impacts on soil quality indicators in the mixedwood forest of Saskatchewan, Canada
    • doi:10.1016/S0016-7061(96) 00075-4
    • Pennock, D. J., and C. van Kessel (1997), Clear-cut forest harvest impacts on soil quality indicators in the mixedwood forest of Saskatchewan, Canada, Geoderma, 75(1-2), 13-32, doi:10.1016/S0016-7061(96) 00075-4.
    • (1997) Geoderma , vol.75 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 13-32
    • Pennock, D.J.1    Van Kessel, C.2
  • 159
    • 78649801876 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Observations and modeling of aboveground tree carbon stocks and fluxes following a bark beetle outbreak in the western United States
    • doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02226.x
    • Pfeifer, E. M., J. A. Hicke, and A. J. H. Meddens (2010), Observations and modeling of aboveground tree carbon stocks and fluxes following a bark beetle outbreak in the western United States, Global Change Biol., 17(1), 339-350, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02226.x.
    • (2010) Global Change Biol. , vol.17 , Issue.1 , pp. 339-350
    • Pfeifer, E.M.1    Hicke, J.A.2    Meddens, A.J.H.3
  • 161
    • 33747755432 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluating the self-initialization procedure for large-scale ecosystem models
    • DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01211.x
    • Pietsch, S. A., and H. Hasenauer (2006), Evaluating the self-initialization procedure for large-scale ecosystem models, Global Change Biol., 12(9), 1658-1669, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01211.x. (Pubitemid 44274733)
    • (2006) Global Change Biology , vol.12 , Issue.9 , pp. 1658-1669
    • Pietsch, S.A.1    Hasenauer, H.2
  • 162
    • 0042860062 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling effects of hydrological changes on the carbon and nitrogen balance of oak in floodplains
    • Pietsch, S. A., H. Hasenauer, J. Kučera, and J. Čermák (2003), Modeling effects of hydrological changes on the carbon and nitrogen balance of oak in floodplains, Tree Physiol., 23(11), 735-746. (Pubitemid 37060546)
    • (2003) Tree Physiology , vol.23 , Issue.11 , pp. 735-746
    • Pietsch, S.A.1    Hasenauer, H.2    Kucera, J.3    Cermak, J.4
  • 163
    • 0027836106 scopus 로고
    • Terrestrial ecosystem production: A process model based on global satellite and surface data
    • Potter, C. S. (1993), Terrestrial ecosystem production: A process model based on global satellite and surface data, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 7(4), 811-841, doi:10.1029/93GB02725. (Pubitemid 24399286)
    • (1993) Global Biogeochemical Cycles , vol.7 , Issue.4 , pp. 811-841
    • Potter, C.S.1
  • 164
    • 0031832744 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regional application of an ecosystem production model for studies of biogeochemistry in Brazilian Amazonia
    • doi:10.1046/j.1365-2486.1998. 00154.x
    • Potter, C. S., E. A. Davidson, S. A. Klooster, D. C. Nepstad, G. H. De Negreiros, and V. Brooks (1998), Regional application of an ecosystem production model for studies of biogeochemistry in Brazilian Amazonia, Global Change Biol., 4(3), 315-333, doi:10.1046/j.1365-2486.1998. 00154.x.
    • (1998) Global Change Biol. , vol.4 , Issue.3 , pp. 315-333
    • Potter, C.S.1    Davidson, E.A.2    Klooster, S.A.3    Nepstad, D.C.4    De Negreiros, G.H.5    Brooks, V.6
  • 165
    • 0035056448 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecosystem modeling of methane and carbon dioxide fluxes for boreal forest sites
    • DOI 10.1139/cjfr-31-2-208
    • Potter, C., J. Bubier, P. Crill, and P. Lafleur (2001), Ecosystem modeling of methane and carbon dioxide fluxes for boreal forest sites, Can. J. For. Res., 31(2), 208-223, doi:10.1139/cjfr-31-2-208. (Pubitemid 32265459)
    • (2001) Canadian Journal of Forest Research , vol.31 , Issue.2 , pp. 208-223
    • Potter, C.1    Bubier, J.2    Crill, P.3    Lafleur, P.4
  • 166
    • 45849137124 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cross-scale drivers of natural disturbances prone to anthropogenic amplification: The dynamics of bark beetle eruptions
    • DOI 10.1641/B580607
    • Raffa, K. F., B. H. Aukema, B. J. Bentz, A. L. Carroll, J. A. Hicke, M. G. Turner, and W. H. Romme (2008), Cross-scale drivers of natural disturbances prone to anthropogenic amplification: The dynamics of bark beetle eruptions, BioScience, 58(6), 501-517, doi:10.1641/B580607. (Pubitemid 351881194)
    • (2008) BioScience , vol.58 , Issue.6 , pp. 501-517
    • Raffa, K.F.1    Aukema, B.H.2    Bentz, B.J.3    Carroll, A.L.4    Hicke, J.A.5    Turner, M.G.6    Romme, W.H.7
  • 169
    • 27644496017 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two decades of terrestrial carbon fluxes from a carbon cycle data assimilation system (CCDAS)
    • DOI 10.1029/2004GB002254, GB2026
    • Rayner, P. J., M. Scholze, W. Knorr, T. Kaminski, R. Giering, and H. Widmann (2005), Two decades of terrestrial carbon fluxes from a carbon cycle data assimilation system (CCDAS), Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 19, GB2026, doi:10.1029/2004GB002254. (Pubitemid 41576425)
    • (2005) Global Biogeochemical Cycles , vol.19 , Issue.2 , pp. 1-20
    • Rayner, P.J.1    Scholze, M.2    Knorr, W.3    Kaminski, T.4    Giering, R.5    Widmann, H.6
  • 170
    • 60349111840 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global nitrogen deposition and carbon sinks
    • doi:10.1038/ngeo230
    • Reay, D. S., F. Dentener, P. Smith, J. Grace, and R. A. Feely (2008), Global nitrogen deposition and carbon sinks, Nat. Geosci., 1(7), 430-437, doi:10.1038/ngeo230.
    • (2008) Nat. Geosci. , vol.1 , Issue.7 , pp. 430-437
    • Reay, D.S.1    Dentener, F.2    Smith, P.3    Grace, J.4    Feely, R.A.5
  • 171
    • 34247891729 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling cold tolerance in the mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae
    • DOI 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2007.02.007, PII S0022191007000534
    • Régnière, J., and B. Bentz (2007), Modeling cold tolerance in the mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae, J. Insect Physiol., 53(6), 559-572, doi:10.1016/j.jinsphys.2007.02.007. (Pubitemid 46693820)
    • (2007) Journal of Insect Physiology , vol.53 , Issue.6 , pp. 559-572
    • Regniere, J.1    Bentz, B.2
  • 172
    • 79953245816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parameter and prediction uncertainty in an optimized terrestrial carbon cycle model: Effects of constraining variables and data record length
    • doi:10.1029/2010JG001400
    • Ricciuto, D. M., A. W. King, D. Dragoni, and W. M. Post (2011), Parameter and prediction uncertainty in an optimized terrestrial carbon cycle model: Effects of constraining variables and data record length, J. Geo-phys. Res., 116, G01033, doi:10.1029/2010JG001400.
    • (2011) J. Geo-Phys. Res. , vol.116
    • Ricciuto, D.M.1    King, A.W.2    Dragoni, D.3    Post, W.M.4
  • 173
    • 77955767953 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimating parameters of a forest ecosystem C model with measurements of stocks and fluxes as joint constraints
    • doi:10.1007/s00442-010-1628-y
    • Richardson, A. D., et al. (2010), Estimating parameters of a forest ecosystem C model with measurements of stocks and fluxes as joint constraints, Oecologia, 164(1), 25-40, doi:10.1007/s00442-010-1628-y.
    • (2010) Oecologia , vol.164 , Issue.1 , pp. 25-40
    • Richardson, A.D.1
  • 174
    • 79960973234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Postfire energy exchange in arctic tundra: The importance and climatic implications of burn severity
    • doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486. 2011.02441.x
    • Rocha, A. V., and G. R. Shaver (2011), Postfire energy exchange in arctic tundra: The importance and climatic implications of burn severity, Global Change Biol., 17(9), 2831-2841, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486. 2011.02441.x.
    • (2011) Global Change Biol. , vol.17 , Issue.9 , pp. 2831-2841
    • Rocha, A.V.1    Shaver, G.R.2
  • 175
    • 35548966746 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why is climate sensitivity so unpredictable?
    • DOI 10.1126/science.1144735
    • Roe, G. H., and M. B. Baker (2007), Why is climate sensitivity so unpredictable?, Science, 318(5850), 629-632, doi:10.1126/science.1144735. (Pubitemid 350014833)
    • (2007) Science , vol.318 , Issue.5850 , pp. 629-632
    • Roe, G.H.1    Baker, M.B.2
  • 176
    • 67650266550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • LANDFIRE: A nationally consistent vegetation, wildland fire, and fuel assessment
    • doi:10.1071/WF08088
    • Rollins, M. G. (2009), LANDFIRE: A nationally consistent vegetation, wildland fire, and fuel assessment, Int. J. Wildland Fire, 18(3), 235-249, doi:10.1071/WF08088.
    • (2009) Int. J. Wildland Fire , vol.18 , Issue.3 , pp. 235-249
    • Rollins, M.G.1
  • 177
    • 0020461658 scopus 로고
    • Patterns of disturbance in some old-growth mesic forests of eastern North America.
    • Runkle, J. R. (1982), Patterns of disturbance in some old-growth mesic forests of eastern North America, Ecology, 63(5), 1533-1546, doi:10.2307/1938878. (Pubitemid 13286720)
    • (1982) Ecology , vol.63 , Issue.5 , pp. 1533-1546
    • Runkle, J.R.1
  • 178
    • 0000932440 scopus 로고
    • FOREST-BGC, A general model of forest ecosystem processes for regional applications. II. Dynamic carbon allocation and nitrogen budgets
    • doi:10.1093/treephys/9.1-2.147
    • Running, S. W., and S. T. Gower (1991), FOREST-BGC, A general model of forest ecosystem processes for regional applications. II. Dynamic carbon allocation and nitrogen budgets, Tree Physiol., 9(1-2), 147-160, doi:10.1093/treephys/9.1-2.147.
    • (1991) Tree Physiol. , vol.9 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 147-160
    • Running, S.W.1    Gower, S.T.2
  • 180
    • 0142178175 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment and response to bark beetle outbreaks in the Rocky Mountain area: Report to Congress from Forest Health Protection
    • Washington Office, Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture Rocky Mt. Res. Stn., Fort Collins, Colo
    • Samman, S., and J. A. Logan (2000), Assessment and response to bark beetle outbreaks in the Rocky Mountain area: Report to Congress from Forest Health Protection, Washington Office, Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-62, Rocky Mt. Res. Stn., Fort Collins, Colo.
    • (2000) Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-62
    • Samman, S.1    Logan, J.A.2
  • 181
    • 78149239856 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of insect defoliation on forest carbon balance as assessed with a canopy assimilation model
    • doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02037.x
    • Schäfer, K. V. R., K. L. Clark, N. Skowronski, and E. P. Hamerlynck (2009), Impact of insect defoliation on forest carbon balance as assessed with a canopy assimilation model, Global Change Biol, 16, 546-560, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02037.x.
    • (2009) Global Change Biol , vol.16 , pp. 546-560
    • Schäfer, K.V.R.1    Clark, K.L.2    Skowronski, N.3    Hamerlynck, E.P.4
  • 183
    • 0032720352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Productivity of forests in the eurosiberian boreal region and their potential to act as a carbon sink-A syn thesis
    • doi:10.1046/j.1365-2486.1999. 00266.x
    • Schulze, E. D., et al. (1999), Productivity of forests in the eurosiberian boreal region and their potential to act as a carbon sink-A synthesis, Global Change Biol., 5(6), 703-722, doi:10.1046/j.1365-2486.1999. 00266.x.
    • (1999) Global Change Biol. , vol.5 , Issue.6 , pp. 703-722
    • Schulze, E.D.1
  • 184
    • 78650291361 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A model-data intercomparison of CO2 exchange across North America: Results from the North American Carbon Program site synthesis
    • doi:10.1029/2009JG001229
    • Schwalm, C. R., et al. (2010), A model-data intercomparison of CO2 exchange across North America: Results from the North American Carbon Program site synthesis, J. Geophys. Res., 115, G00H05, doi:10.1029/2009JG001229.
    • (2010) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.115
    • Schwalm, C.R.1
  • 185
    • 45849142622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of bark beetle (Ips typographus L.) disturbance on timber production and carbon sequestration in different management strategies under climate change
    • doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2008.04.002
    • Seidl, R., W. Rammer, D. Jager, and M. J. Lexer (2008), Impact of bark beetle (Ips typographus L.) disturbance on timber production and carbon sequestration in different management strategies under climate change, For. Ecol. Manage., 256(3), 209-220, doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2008.04.002.
    • (2008) For. Ecol. Manage. , vol.256 , Issue.3 , pp. 209-220
    • Seidl, R.1    Rammer, W.2    Jager, D.3    Lexer, M.J.4
  • 188
    • 4544332104 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial scaling of net primary productivity using subpixel information
    • DOI 10.1016/j.rse.2004.07.008, PII S0034425704002196
    • Simic, A., J. M. Chen, J. Liu, and F. Csillag (2004), Spatial scaling of net primary productivity using subpixel information, Remote Sens. Environ., 93(1-2), 246-258, doi:10.1016/j.rse.2004.07.008. (Pubitemid 39234724)
    • (2004) Remote Sensing of Environment , vol.93 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 246-258
    • Simic, A.1    Chen, J.M.2    Liu, J.3    Csillag, F.4
  • 189
    • 47649132696 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sequestration of carbon in harvested wood products for the United States
    • Skog, K. E. (2008), Sequestration of carbon in harvested wood products for the United States, For. Prod. J., 58, 56-72. (Pubitemid 352018784)
    • (2008) Forest Products Journal , vol.58 , Issue.6 , pp. 56-72
    • Skog, K.E.1
  • 191
    • 84870578885 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • U.S. forest resource facts and historical trends
    • U.S. Dep. of Agric. For. Serv., Washington, D. C.
    • Smith, W. B., and D. Darr (2004), U.S. forest resource facts and historical trends, Rep. FS-801, U.S. Dep. of Agric. For. Serv., Washington, D. C.
    • (2004) Rep. FS-801
    • Smith, W.B.1    Darr, D.2
  • 192
    • 0000489296 scopus 로고
    • Old-growth and forest dynamics in the Douglas-fir region of western Oregon and Washington
    • Spies, T. A., and J. F. Franklin (1988), Old-growth and forest dynamics in the Douglas-fir region of western Oregon and Washington, Nat. Areas J., 8(3), 190-201.
    • (1988) Nat. Areas J. , vol.8 , Issue.3 , pp. 190-201
    • Spies, T.A.1    Franklin, J.F.2
  • 193
    • 79955041492 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An inventory-based analysis of Canada's managed forest carbon dynamics 1990 to 2008
    • doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02369.x
    • Stinson, G., et al. (2011), An inventory-based analysis of Canada's managed forest carbon dynamics, 1990 to 2008, Global Change Biol, 17(6), 2227-2244, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02369.x.
    • (2011) Global Change Biol , vol.17 , Issue.6 , pp. 2227-2244
    • Stinson, G.1
  • 195
    • 0001889794 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Some potential carbon budget implications of fire management in the boreal forest, in Forest Ecosystems, Forest Management, and the Global Carbon Cycle
    • edited by M. J. Apps and D. T. Price Springer, New York
    • Stocks, B. J., B. S. Lee, and D. L. Martell (1996), Some potential carbon budget implications of fire management in the boreal forest, in Forest Ecosystems, Forest Management, and the Global Carbon Cycle, NATO ASISer., Ser. I, vol. 40, edited by M. J. Apps and D. T. Price, pp. 89-96, Springer, New York.
    • (1996) NATO ASISer., Ser. i , vol.40 , pp. 89-96
    • Stocks, B.J.1    Lee, B.S.2    Martell, D.L.3
  • 196
    • 0041689568 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Large forest fires in Canada 1959-1997
    • doi:10.1029/2001JD000484. [Printed 108(D1), 2003]
    • Stocks, B. J., et al. (2002), Large forest fires in Canada, 1959-1997, J. Geophys. Res., 107, 8149, doi:10.1029/2001JD000484. [Printed 108(D1), 2003].
    • (2002) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.107 , pp. 8149
    • Stocks, B.J.1
  • 197
    • 80052531203 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Upscaling key ecosystem functions across the conterminous United States by a water-centric ecosystem model
    • doi:10.1029/2010JG001573
    • Sun, G., et al. (2011), Upscaling key ecosystem functions across the conterminous United States by a water-centric ecosystem model, J. Geophys. Res., 116, G00J05, doi:10.1029/2010JG001573.
    • (2011) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.116
    • Sun, G.1
  • 198
    • 11444268985 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forest thinning and soil respiration in a ponderosa pine plantation in the Sierra Nevada
    • Tang, J., Y. Qi, M. Xu, L. Misson, and A. H. Goldstein (2005), Forest thinning and soil respiration in a ponderosa pine plantation in the Sierra Nevada, Tree Physiol, 25(1), 57-66, doi:10.1093/treephys/25.1.57. (Pubitemid 40078282)
    • (2005) Tree Physiology , vol.25 , Issue.1 , pp. 57-66
    • Tang, J.1    Qi, Y.2    Xu, M.3    Misson, L.4    Goldstein, A.H.5
  • 199
    • 58149504644 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Soil carbon fluxes and stocks in a Great Lakes forest chronosequence
    • doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01741.x
    • Tang, J., P. V. Bolstad, and J. G. Martin (2009), Soil carbon fluxes and stocks in a Great Lakes forest chronosequence, Global Change Biol., 15(1), 145-155, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01741.x.
    • (2009) Global Change Biol. , vol.15 , Issue.1 , pp. 145-155
    • Tang, J.1    Bolstad, P.V.2    Martin, J.G.3
  • 200
    • 34249991598 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Application of BIOME-BGC model to managed forests. 1. Sensitivity analysis
    • DOI 10.1016/j.foreco.2006.09.085, PII S0378112706009479
    • Tatarinov, F. A., and E. Cienciala (2006), Application of BIOME-BGC model to managed forests. 1. Sensitivity analysis, For. Ecol. Manage., 237(1-3), 267-279, doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2006.09.085. (Pubitemid 44828346)
    • (2006) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.237 , Issue.1-3 , pp. 267-279
    • Tatarinov, F.A.1    Cienciala, E.2
  • 201
    • 0035176379 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of fire disturbance for global vegetation dynamics: Coupling fire into a dynamic global vegetation model
    • DOI 10.1046/j.1466-822X.2001.00175.x
    • Thonicke, K., S. Venevsky, S. Sitch, and W. Cramer (2001), The role of fire disturbance for global vegetation dynamics: Coupling fire into a dynamic global vegetation model, Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr., 10(6), 661-677, doi:10.1046/j.1466-822X.2001.00175.x. (Pubitemid 33087430)
    • (2001) Global Ecology and Biogeography , vol.10 , Issue.6 , pp. 661-677
    • Thonicke, K.1    Venevsky, S.2    Sitch, S.3    Cramer, W.4
  • 202
    • 9144241860 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term effects of fire frequency on carbon storage and productivity of boreal forests: A modeling study
    • Thornley, J. H. M., and M. G. R. Cannell (2004), Long-term effects of fire frequency on carbon storage and productivity of boreal forests: A modeling study, Tree Physiol, 24(7), 765-773. (Pubitemid 39538786)
    • (2004) Tree Physiology , vol.24 , Issue.7 , pp. 765-773
    • Thornley, J.H.M.1    Cannell, M.G.R.2
  • 204
    • 24044438190 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of deciduous tree species dynamics after a severe ice storm using SORTIE model simulations
    • DOI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2005.01.038, PII S0304380005000657
    • Tremblay, M., C. Messier, and D. J. Marceau (2005), Analysis of deciduous tree species dynamics after a severe ice storm using SORTIE model simulations, Ecol. Modell, 187(2-3), 297-313, doi:10.1016/j.ecolmodel. 2005.01.038. (Pubitemid 41224273)
    • (2005) Ecological Modelling , vol.187 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 297-313
    • Tremblay, M.1    Messier, C.2    Marceau, D.J.3
  • 205
    • 0038688637 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Existing soil carbon models do not apply to forested wetlands
    • South. Res. Stn., Asheville, N. C
    • Trettin, C. C, B. Song, M. F. Jurgensen, and C. Li (2001), Existing soil carbon models do not apply to forested wetlands, Gen. Tech. Rep. SRS-46, South. Res. Stn., Asheville, N. C.
    • (2001) Gen. Tech. Rep. SRS-46
    • Trettin, C.C.1    Song, B.2    Jurgensen, M.F.3    Li, C.4
  • 206
    • 33645893190 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carbon respired by terrestrial ecosystems-Recent progress and challenges
    • doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01067.x
    • Trumbore, S. E. (2006), Carbon respired by terrestrial ecosystems-Recent progress and challenges, Global Change Biol., 12(2), 141-153, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01067.x.
    • (2006) Global Change Biol. , vol.12 , Issue.2 , pp. 141-153
    • Trumbore, S.E.1
  • 207
    • 0029775314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid exchange between soil carbon and atmospheric carbon dioxide driven by temperature change
    • doi:10.1126/science. 272.5260.393
    • Trumbore, S. E., O. A. Chadwick, and R. Amundson (1996), Rapid exchange between soil carbon and atmospheric carbon dioxide driven by temperature change, Science, 272(5260), 393-396, doi:10.1126/science. 272.5260.393.
    • (1996) Science , vol.272 , Issue.5260 , pp. 393-396
    • Trumbore, S.E.1    Chadwick, O.A.2    Amundson, R.3
  • 208
    • 78650571064 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recent acceleration of biomass burning and carbon losses in Alaskan forests and peatlands
    • doi:10.1038/ngeo1027
    • Turetsky, M. R., E. S. Kane, J. W. Harden, R. D. Ottmar, K. L. Manies, E. Hoy, and E. S. Kasischke (2011), Recent acceleration of biomass burning and carbon losses in Alaskan forests and peatlands, Nat. Geosci., 4(1), 27-31, doi:10.1038/ngeo1027.
    • (2011) Nat. Geosci. , vol.4 , Issue.1 , pp. 27-31
    • Turetsky, M.R.1    Kane, E.S.2    Harden, J.W.3    Ottmar, R.D.4    Manies, K.L.5    Hoy, E.6    Kasischke, E.S.7
  • 209
    • 0033940655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alternative spatial resolutions and estimation of carbon flux over a managed forest landscape in western Oregon
    • DOI 10.1023/A:1008116300063
    • Turner, D. P., W. B. Cohen, and R. E. Kennedy (2000), Alternative spatial resolutions and estimation of carbon flux over a managed forest landscape in western Oregon, Landscape Ecol, 15(5), 441-452, doi:10.1023/A:1008116300063. (Pubitemid 30466310)
    • (2000) Landscape Ecology , vol.15 , Issue.5 , pp. 441-452
    • Turner, D.P.1    Cohen, W.B.2    Kennedy, R.E.3
  • 210
    • 0039233556 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparing large, infrequent disturbances: What have we learned?
    • Turner, M. G., and V. H. Dale (1998), Comparing large, infrequent disturbances: What have we learned?, Ecosystems, 1(6), 493-496, doi:10.1007/s100219900045. (Pubitemid 128664015)
    • (1998) Ecosystems , vol.1 , Issue.6 , pp. 493-496
    • Turner, M.G.1    Dale, V.H.2
  • 211
    • 78649769275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Major forest insect and disease conditions in the United States 2008 Update
    • U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) For. Serv., Washington, D. C.
    • U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) (2009), Major forest insect and disease conditions in the United States 2008 Update, Rep. FS-933, For. Serv., Washington, D. C.
    • (2009) Rep. FS-933
  • 212
    • 61749085533 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diel patterns of soil respiration in a tropical forest after Hurricane Wilma
    • doi:10.1029/2007JG000620
    • Vargas, R., and M. F. Allen (2008), Diel patterns of soil respiration in a tropical forest after Hurricane Wilma, J. Geophys. Res., 113, G03021, doi:10.1029/2007JG000620.
    • (2008) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.113
    • Vargas, R.1    Allen, M.F.2
  • 213
    • 65249185469 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence of old carbon used to grow new fine roots in a tropical forest
    • doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.02789.x
    • Vargas, R., S. E. Trumbore, and M. F. Allen (2009), Evidence of old carbon used to grow new fine roots in a tropical forest, New Phytol, 182(3), 710-718, doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.02789.x.
    • (2009) New Phytol , vol.182 , Issue.3 , pp. 710-718
    • Vargas, R.1    Trumbore, S.E.2    Allen, M.F.3
  • 214
    • 77949268943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of a hurricane disturbance on aboveground forest structure, arbuscular mycor-rhizae and belowground carbon in a restored tropical forest
    • doi:10.1007/s10021-009-9305-x
    • Vargas, R., N. Hasselquist, E. B. Allen, and M. F. Allen (2010), Effects of a hurricane disturbance on aboveground forest structure, arbuscular mycor-rhizae and belowground carbon in a restored tropical forest, Ecosystems, 13(1), 118-128, doi:10.1007/s10021-009-9305-x.
    • (2010) Ecosystems , vol.13 , Issue.1 , pp. 118-128
    • Vargas, R.1    Hasselquist, N.2    Allen, E.B.3    Allen, M.F.4
  • 215
    • 0033662524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate change and impacts of boreal forest insects
    • doi:10.1016/S0167-8809(00)00232-2
    • Volney, W. J. A., and R. A. Fleming (2000), Climate change and impacts of boreal forest insects, Agric. Ecosyst. Environ., 82(1-3), 283-294, doi:10.1016/S0167-8809(00)00232-2.
    • (2000) Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. , vol.82 , Issue.1-3 , pp. 283-294
    • Volney, W.J.A.1    Fleming, R.A.2
  • 216
    • 0037694084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in population and agricultural land in conterminous United States counties, 1790 to 1997
    • doi:10.1029/2001GB001843
    • Waisanen, P. J., and N. B. Bliss (2002), Changes in population and agricultural land in conterminous United States counties, 1790 to 1997, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 16(4), 1137, doi:10.1029/2001GB001843.
    • (2002) Global Biogeochem. Cycles , vol.16 , Issue.4 , pp. 1137
    • Waisanen, P.J.1    Bliss, N.B.2
  • 217
    • 23944511125 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulation of water and carbon fluxes using BIOME-BGC model over crops in China
    • DOI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2005.06.002, PII S0168192305001140
    • Wang, Q., M. Watanabe, and Z. Ouyang (2005), Simulation of water and carbon fluxes using BIOME-BGC model over crops in China, Agric. For. Meteorol, 131(3-4), 209-224, doi:10.1016/j.agrformet.2005. 06.002. (Pubitemid 41207093)
    • (2005) Agricultural and Forest Meteorology , vol.131 , Issue.3-4 , pp. 209-224
    • Wang, Q.1    Watanabe, M.2    Ouyang, Z.3
  • 218
    • 34548834182 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carbon sinks and sources in China's forests during 1901-2001
    • DOI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2006.09.019, PII S0301479706002994
    • Wang, S., J. M. Chen, W. M. Ju, X. Feng, M. Chen, P. Chen, and G. Yu (2007), Carbon sinks and sources in China's forests during 1901-2001, J. Environ. Manage., 85(3), 524-537, doi:10.1016/jjenvman.2006. 09.019. (Pubitemid 47440592)
    • (2007) Journal of Environmental Management , vol.85 , Issue.3 , pp. 524-537
    • Wang, S.1    Chen, J.M.2    Ju, W.M.3    Feng, X.4    Chen, M.5    Chen, P.6    Yu, G.7
  • 219
    • 67650069649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A hierarchical analysis of terrestrial ecosystem model Biome-BGC: Equilibrium analysis and model calibration
    • doi:10.1016/j.ecolmodel. 2009.04.051
    • Wang, W., K. Ichii, H. Hashimoto, A. R. Michaelis, P. E. Thornton, B. E. Law, and R. R. Nemani (2009), A hierarchical analysis of terrestrial ecosystem model Biome-BGC: Equilibrium analysis and model calibration, Ecol. Modell, 220(17), 2009-2023, doi:10.1016/j.ecolmodel. 2009.04.051.
    • (2009) Ecol. Modell , vol.220 , Issue.17 , pp. 2009-2023
    • Wang, W.1    Ichii, K.2    Hashimoto, H.3    Michaelis, A.R.4    Thornton, P.E.5    Law, B.E.6    Nemani, R.R.7
  • 220
    • 0031859544 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A two-leaf model for canopy conductance, photosynthesis and partitioning of available energy I: Model description and comparison with a multi-layered model
    • DOI 10.1016/S0168-1923(98)00061-6, PII S016819238000616
    • Wang, Y. P., and R. Leuning (1998), A two-leaf model for canopy conductance, photosynthesis and partitioning of available energy I: Model description and comparison with a multi-layered model, Agric. For. Meteorol, 91(1-2), 89-111, doi:10.1016/S0168-1923(98)00061-6. (Pubitemid 28309696)
    • (1998) Agricultural and Forest Meteorology , vol.91 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 89-111
    • Wang, Y.-P.1    Leuning, R.2
  • 221
    • 69649094735 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A review of applications of model-data fusion to studies of terrestrial carbon fluxes at different scales
    • doi:10.1016/j. agrformet.2009.07.009
    • Wang, Y. P., C. M. Trudinger, and I. G. Enting (2009), A review of applications of model-data fusion to studies of terrestrial carbon fluxes at different scales, Agric. For. Meteorol, 149(11), 1829-1842, doi:10.1016/j. agrformet.2009.07.009.
    • (2009) Agric. For. Meteorol , vol.149 , Issue.11 , pp. 1829-1842
    • Wang, Y.P.1    Trudinger, C.M.2    Enting, I.G.3
  • 222
    • 0031744170 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forest fires and sustainability in the boreal forests of Canada
    • Weber, M. G., and B. J. Stocks (1998), Forest fires and sustainability in the boreal forests of Canada, Ambio, 27(7), 545-550. (Pubitemid 28560568)
    • (1998) Ambio , vol.27 , Issue.7 , pp. 545-550
    • Weber, M.G.1    Stocks, B.J.2
  • 223
    • 0003152743 scopus 로고
    • Effects of forest disturbance on particulate organic matter budgets of small streams
    • doi:10.2307/1467446
    • Webster, J. R., S. W. Golladay, E. F. Benfield, D. J. D'Angelo, and G. T. Peters (1990), Effects of forest disturbance on particulate organic matter budgets of small streams, J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc, 9(2), 120-140, doi:10.2307/1467446.
    • (1990) J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc , vol.9 , Issue.2 , pp. 120-140
    • Webster, J.R.1    Golladay, S.W.2    Benfield, E.F.3    D'Angelo, D.J.4    Peters, G.T.5
  • 224
    • 79960356796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relative information contributions of model vs. data to contstraints of short-and long-term forecasts of forest carbon dynamics
    • doi:10.1890/09-1394.1
    • Weng, E. S., and Y. Q. Luo (2011), Relative information contributions of model vs. data to contstraints of short-and long-term forecasts of forest carbon dynamics, Ecol. Appl, doi:10.1890/09-1394.1.
    • (2011) Ecol. Appl
    • Weng, E.S.1    Luo, Y.Q.2
  • 225
    • 33750451962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimation of parameters in carbon sequestration models from net ecosystem exchange data
    • DOI 10.1016/j.amc.2006.02.014, PII S0096300306001664
    • White, L., F. White, Y. Luo, and T. Xu (2006), Estimation of parameters in carbon sequestration models from net ecosystem exchange data, Appl. Math. Comput, 181(2), 864-879, doi:10.1016/j.amc.2006.02.014. (Pubitemid 44646564)
    • (2006) Applied Mathematics and Computation , vol.181 , Issue.2 , pp. 864-879
    • White, L.1    White, F.2    Luo, Y.3    Xu, T.4
  • 226
    • 38349136822 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimates of CO2 from fires in the United States: Implications for carbon management
    • doi:10.1186/1750-0680-2-10
    • Wiedinmyer, C, and J. C. Neff (2007), Estimates of CO2 from fires in the United States: Implications for carbon management, Carbon Balance Manage., 2(1), doi:10.1186/1750-0680-2-10.
    • (2007) Carbon Balance Manage. , vol.2 , Issue.1
    • Wiedinmyer, C.1    Neff, J.C.2
  • 227
    • 12344269004 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An improved analysis of forest carbon dynamics using data assimilation
    • DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00891.x
    • Williams, M., P. A. Schwarz, B. E. Law, J. Irvine, and M. R. Kurpius (2005), An improved analysis of forest carbon dynamics using data assimilation, Global Change Biol, 11(1), 89-105, doi:10.111 1/j.1365-2486.2004.00891.x. (Pubitemid 40134047)
    • (2005) Global Change Biology , vol.11 , Issue.1 , pp. 89-105
    • Williams, M.1    Schwarz, P.A.2    Law, B.E.3    Irvine, J.4    Kurpius, M.R.5
  • 230
    • 0035205753 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Below-ground processes in gap models for simulating forest response to global change
    • DOI 10.1023/A:1012570821241
    • Wullschleger, S. D., R. B. Jackson, W. S. Currie, A. D. Friend, Y. Luo, F. Mouillot, Y. Pan, and G. Shao (2001), Below-ground processes in gap models for simulating forest response to global change, Clim. Change, 51(3-4), 449-473, doi:10.1023/A:1012570821241. (Pubitemid 33145981)
    • (2001) Climatic Change , vol.51 , Issue.3-4 , pp. 449-473
    • Wullschleger, S.D.1    Jackson, R.B.2    Currie, W.S.3    Friend, A.D.4    Luo, Y.5    Mouillot, F.6    Pan, Y.7    Shao, G.8
  • 231
    • 77955315839 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Updating the 2001 National Land Cover Database Impervious Surface Products to 2006 using Landsat Imagery Change Detection Methods
    • doi:10.1016/j.rse.2010.02.018
    • Xian, G., and C. Homer (2010), Updating the 2001 National Land Cover Database Impervious Surface Products to 2006 using Landsat Imagery Change Detection Methods, Remote Sens. Environ., 114(8), 1676-1686, doi:10.1016/j.rse.2010.02.018.
    • (2010) Remote Sens. Environ. , vol.114 , Issue.8 , pp. 1676-1686
    • Xian, G.1    Homer, C.2
  • 232
    • 74149092913 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A continuous measure of gross primary production for the conterminous United States derived from MODIS and AmeriFlux data
    • doi:10.1016/j.rse.2009.10.013
    • Xiao, J., et al. (2010), A continuous measure of gross primary production for the conterminous United States derived from MODIS and AmeriFlux data, Remote Sens. Environ., 114(3), 576-591, doi:10.1016/j.rse.2009. 10.013.
    • (2010) Remote Sens. Environ. , vol.114 , Issue.3 , pp. 576-591
    • Xiao, J.1
  • 233
    • 78649328478 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing net ecosystem carbon exchange of U.S. terrestrial ecosystems by integrating eddy covariance flux measurements and satellite observations
    • Xiao, J., et al. (2011), Assessing net ecosystem carbon exchange of U.S. terrestrial ecosystems by integrating eddy covariance flux measurements and satellite observations, Agric. For. Meteorol, 151, 60-69.
    • (2011) Agric. For. Meteorol , vol.151 , pp. 60-69
    • Xiao, J.1
  • 234
    • 0037767425 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Soil carbon dynamics after forest harvest: An ecosystem paradigm reconsidered
    • DOI 10.1007/s10021-002-0206-5
    • Yanai, R. D., W. S. Currie, and C. L. Goodale (2003), Soil carbon dynamics after forest harvest: An ecosystem paradigm reconsidered, Ecosystems, 6(3), 197-212, doi:10.1007/s10021-002-0206-5. (Pubitemid 36619082)
    • (2003) Ecosystems , vol.6 , Issue.3 , pp. 197-212
    • Yanai, R.D.1    Currie, W.S.2    Goodale, C.L.3
  • 235
    • 0036107265 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carbon balance of the taiga forest within Alaska: Present and future
    • DOI 10.1139/x01-075
    • Yarie, J., and S. Billings (2002), Carbon balance of the taiga forest within Alaska: Present and future, Can. J. For. Res., 32(5), 757-767, doi:10.1139/x01-075. (Pubitemid 34543850)
    • (2002) Canadian Journal of Forest Research , vol.32 , Issue.5 , pp. 757-767
    • Yarie, J.1    Billings, S.2
  • 236
    • 78349283118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A dynamic organic soil biogeo-chemical model for simulating the effects of wildfire on soil environmental and carbon dynamics of black spruce forests
    • doi:10.1029/2010JG001302
    • Yi, S., A. D. McGuire, E. S. Kasischke, J. W. Harden, K. L. Manies, M. Mack, and M. Turetsky (2010), A dynamic organic soil biogeo-chemical model for simulating the effects of wildfire on soil environmental and carbon dynamics of black spruce forests, J. Geophys. Res., 115, G04015, doi:10.1029/2010JG001302.
    • (2010) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.115
    • Yi, S.1    McGuire, A.D.2    Kasischke, E.S.3    Harden, J.W.4    Manies, K.L.5    MacK, M.6    Turetsky, M.7
  • 238
    • 33747123330 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The importance of age-related decline in forest NPP for modeling regional carbon balances
    • Zaehle, S., S. Sitch, I. C. Prentice, J. Liski, W. Cramer, M. Erhard, T. Hickler, and B. Smith (2006), The importance of age-related decline in forest NPP for modeling regional carbon balances, Ecol. Appl, 16(4), 1555-1574, doi:10.1890/1051-0761(2006)016[1555:TIOADI]2.0.CO;2. (Pubitemid 44223227)
    • (2006) Ecological Applications , vol.16 , Issue.4 , pp. 1555-1574
    • Zaehle, S.1    Sitch, S.2    Prentice, I.C.3    Liski, J.4    Cramer, W.5    Erhard, M.6    Hickler, T.7    Smith, B.8
  • 239
    • 66049101452 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impacts of tropical cyclones on U.S. forest tree mortality and carbon flux from 1851 to 2000
    • doi:10.1073/pnas.0808914106
    • Zeng, H., J. Q. Chambers, R. I. Negrón-Juárez, G. C. Hurtt, D. B. Baker, and M. D. Powell (2009), Impacts of tropical cyclones on U.S. forest tree mortality and carbon flux from 1851 to 2000, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 106(19), 7888-7892, doi:10.1073/pnas.0808914106.
    • (2009) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. , vol.106 , Issue.19 , pp. 7888-7892
    • Zeng, H.1    Chambers, J.Q.2    Negrón-Juárez, R.I.3    Hurtt, G.C.4    Baker, D.B.5    Powell, M.D.6
  • 240
    • 33745685116 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimating forest biomass in the USA using generalized allometric models and MODIS land products
    • DOI 10.1029/2006GL025879
    • Zhang, X., and S. Kondragunta (2006), Estimating forest biomass in the USA using generalized allometric models and MODIS land products, Geophys. Res. Lett, 33, L09402, doi:10.1029/2006GL025879. (Pubitemid 43997538)
    • (2006) Geophysical Research Letters , vol.33 , Issue.9
    • Zhang, X.1    Kondragunta, S.2
  • 241
    • 0038032731 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An integrated model of soil, hydrology, and vegetation for carbon dynamics in wetland ecosystems
    • doi:10.1029/2001GB001838
    • Zhang, Y., C. Li, C. C. Trettin, H. Li, and G. Sun (2002), An integrated model of soil, hydrology, and vegetation for carbon dynamics in wetland ecosystems, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 16(4), 1061, doi:10.1029/2001GB001838.
    • (2002) Global Biogeochem. Cycles , vol.16 , Issue.4 , pp. 1061
    • Zhang, Y.1    Li, C.2    Trettin, C.C.3    Li, H.4    Sun, G.5
  • 242
    • 77955874644 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drought-induced reduction in global terrestrial net primary production from 2000 through 2009
    • doi:10.1126/science.1192666
    • Zhao, M., and S. W. Running (2010), Drought-induced reduction in global terrestrial net primary production from 2000 through 2009, Science, 329(5994), 940-943, doi:10.1126/science.1192666.
    • (2010) Science , vol.329 , Issue.5994 , pp. 940-943
    • Zhao, M.1    Running, S.W.2
  • 243
    • 75449095900 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ignoring detailed fast-changing dynamics of land use overestimates regional terrestrial carbon sequestration
    • doi:10.5194/bg-6-1647-2009
    • Zhao, S., S. Liu, Z. Li, and T. L. Sohl (2009), Ignoring detailed fast-changing dynamics of land use overestimates regional terrestrial carbon sequestration, Biogeosciences, 6(8), 1647-1654, doi:10.5194/bg-6-1647-2009.
    • (2009) Biogeosciences , vol.6 , Issue.8 , pp. 1647-1654
    • Zhao, S.1    Liu, S.2    Li, Z.3    Sohl, T.L.4
  • 244
    • 75749139337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Federal land management, carbon sequestration, and climate change in the Southeastern U.S.-A case study with Fort Benning
    • doi:10.1021/es9009019
    • Zhao, S., S. Liu, Z. Li, and T. L. Sohl (2010a), Federal land management, carbon sequestration, and climate change in the Southeastern U.S.-A case study with Fort Benning, Environ. Sci. Technol, 44(3), 992-997, doi:10.1021/es9009019.
    • (2010) Environ. Sci. Technol , vol.44 , Issue.3 , pp. 992-997
    • Zhao, S.1    Liu, S.2    Li, Z.3    Sohl, T.L.4
  • 245
    • 75449120539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A spatial resolution threshold of land cover in estimating terrestrial carbon sequestration in four counties in Georgia and Alabama, USA
    • doi:10.5194/bg-7-71-2010
    • Zhao, S., S. Liu, Z. Li, and T. L. Sohl (2010b), A spatial resolution threshold of land cover in estimating terrestrial carbon sequestration in four counties in Georgia and Alabama, USA, Biogeosciences, 7(1), 71-80, doi:10.5194/bg-7-71-2010.
    • (2010) Biogeosciences , vol.7 , Issue.1 , pp. 71-80
    • Zhao, S.1    Liu, S.2    Li, Z.3    Sohl, T.L.4
  • 247
    • 0347269064 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling soil thermal and carbon dynamics of a fire chronosequence in interior Alaska
    • doi:10.1029/2001JD001244
    • Zhuang, Q., A. D. McGuire, K. P. O'Neill, J. W. Harden, V. E. Romanovsky, and J. Yarie (2003), Modeling soil thermal and carbon dynamics of a fire chronosequence in interior Alaska, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D1), 8147, doi:10.1029/2001JD001244.
    • (2003) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.108 , Issue.D1 , pp. 8147
    • Zhuang, Q.1    McGuire, A.D.2    O'Neill, K.P.3    Harden, J.W.4    Romanovsky, V.E.5    Yarie, J.6


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.