메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 309-310, Issue , 2015, Pages 33-47

Representing climate, disturbance, and vegetation interactions in landscape models

Author keywords

Disturbance; Global change; Interactions; Landscape ecology; Landscape modeling; Scale

Indexed keywords

BEAM PLASMA INTERACTIONS; ECOLOGY; ECOSYSTEMS; PLANTS (BOTANY); VEGETATION;

EID: 84929493537     PISSN: 03043800     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2015.04.009     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (80)

References (163)
  • 1
    • 0002434779 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The landscape ecology of western forest fire regimes
    • Agee J.K. The landscape ecology of western forest fire regimes. Northwest Sci. 1998, 72:24-34.
    • (1998) Northwest Sci. , vol.72 , pp. 24-34
    • Agee, J.K.1
  • 2
    • 80052823236 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of statistical downscaling methods suited for wildfire applications
    • Abatzoglou J.T., Brown T.J. A comparison of statistical downscaling methods suited for wildfire applications. Int. J. Climatol. 2012, 32:772-780.
    • (2012) Int. J. Climatol. , vol.32 , pp. 772-780
    • Abatzoglou, J.T.1    Brown, T.J.2
  • 3
    • 35148842439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interactions across spatial scales among forest dieback, fire, and erosion in northern New Mexico landscapes
    • Allen C. Interactions across spatial scales among forest dieback, fire, and erosion in northern New Mexico landscapes. Ecosystems 2007, 10:797-808.
    • (2007) Ecosystems , vol.10 , pp. 797-808
    • Allen, C.1
  • 4
    • 73649140927 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A global overview of drought and heat-induced tree mortality reveals emerging climate change risks for forests
    • Allen C.D., Macalady A.K., Chenchouni H., et al. A global overview of drought and heat-induced tree mortality reveals emerging climate change risks for forests. For. Ecol. Manage. 2010, 259:660-684.
    • (2010) For. Ecol. Manage. , vol.259 , pp. 660-684
    • Allen, C.D.1    Macalady, A.K.2    Chenchouni, H.3
  • 5
    • 84862909000 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The roles of hydraulic and carbon stress in a widespread climate-induced forest die-off
    • Anderegg W.R.L., Berry J.A., Smith D.D., et al. The roles of hydraulic and carbon stress in a widespread climate-induced forest die-off. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2012, 109:233-237.
    • (2012) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. , vol.109 , pp. 233-237
    • Anderegg, W.R.L.1    Berry, J.A.2    Smith, D.D.3
  • 6
    • 33845638449 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fire as an interactive component of dynamic vegetation models
    • Arora V.K., Boer G.J. Fire as an interactive component of dynamic vegetation models. J. Geophys. Res.: Biogeosci. 2005, 110:G02008.
    • (2005) J. Geophys. Res.: Biogeosci. , vol.110 , pp. G02008
    • Arora, V.K.1    Boer, G.J.2
  • 7
    • 10444249723 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Grazing systems, ecosystem response, and global change
    • Asner G.P., Elmore A.J., Olander L.P., et al. Grazing systems, ecosystem response, and global change. Annu. Rev. Environ. Res. 2004, 29:261-299.
    • (2004) Annu. Rev. Environ. Res. , vol.29 , pp. 261-299
    • Asner, G.P.1    Elmore, A.J.2    Olander, L.P.3
  • 8
    • 0034735662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interactions between fire, grazing and climate change at Wind Cave National Park, SD
    • Bachelet D., Lenihan J.M., Daly C., et al. Interactions between fire, grazing and climate change at Wind Cave National Park, SD. Ecol. Modell. 2000, 134:229-244.
    • (2000) Ecol. Modell. , vol.134 , pp. 229-244
    • Bachelet, D.1    Lenihan, J.M.2    Daly, C.3
  • 9
    • 0000099505 scopus 로고
    • A review of models of landscape change
    • Baker W.L. A review of models of landscape change. Landsc. Ecol. 1989, 2:111-133.
    • (1989) Landsc. Ecol. , vol.2 , pp. 111-133
    • Baker, W.L.1
  • 11
    • 0029413274 scopus 로고
    • Scale issues in hydrological modelling: a review
    • Blöschl G., Sivapalan M. Scale issues in hydrological modelling: a review. Hydrol. Processes 1995, 9(3-4):251-290.
    • (1995) Hydrol. Processes , vol.9 , Issue.3-4 , pp. 251-290
    • Blöschl, G.1    Sivapalan, M.2
  • 12
    • 45849092625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forests and climate change: forcings, feedbacks, and the climate benefits of forests
    • Bonan G.B. Forests and climate change: forcings, feedbacks, and the climate benefits of forests. Science 2008, 320:1444-1449.
    • (2008) Science , vol.320 , pp. 1444-1449
    • Bonan, G.B.1
  • 14
    • 81255168201 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The human dimension of fire regimes on Earth
    • Bowman D.M.J.S., Balch J., Artaxo P., Bond W.J., et al. The human dimension of fire regimes on Earth. J. Biogeog. 2011, 38:2223-2236.
    • (2011) J. Biogeog. , vol.38 , pp. 2223-2236
    • Bowman, D.M.J.S.1    Balch, J.2    Artaxo, P.3    Bond, W.J.4
  • 15
    • 84860255602 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Corridors promote fire via connectivity and edge effects
    • Brudvig L.A., Wagner S.A., Damschen E.L. Corridors promote fire via connectivity and edge effects. Ecol. Appl. 2012, 22:937-946.
    • (2012) Ecol. Appl. , vol.22 , pp. 937-946
    • Brudvig, L.A.1    Wagner, S.A.2    Damschen, E.L.3
  • 16
    • 0035205675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A review of forest gap models
    • Bugmann H. A review of forest gap models. Clim. Change 2001, 51:259-305.
    • (2001) Clim. Change , vol.51 , pp. 259-305
    • Bugmann, H.1
  • 17
    • 59849127447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hurricane disturbance in a temperate deciduous forest: patch dynamics, tree mortality, and coarse woody detritus
    • Busing R.T., White R.D., Harmon M.E., et al. Hurricane disturbance in a temperate deciduous forest: patch dynamics, tree mortality, and coarse woody detritus. Plant Ecol. 2009, 201:351-363.
    • (2009) Plant Ecol. , vol.201 , pp. 351-363
    • Busing, R.T.1    White, R.D.2    Harmon, M.E.3
  • 18
    • 27644509177 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • METALAND: characterizing spatial patterns and statistical context of landscape metrics
    • Cardille J., Turner M., Clayton M., et al. METALAND: characterizing spatial patterns and statistical context of landscape metrics. Bioscience 2005, 55:983-988.
    • (2005) Bioscience , vol.55 , pp. 983-988
    • Cardille, J.1    Turner, M.2    Clayton, M.3
  • 19
    • 77950854507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • From the redwood forest to the Gulf Stream waters: human signature nearly ubiquitous in representative US landscapes
    • Cardille J.A., Lambois M. From the redwood forest to the Gulf Stream waters: human signature nearly ubiquitous in representative US landscapes. Front. Ecol. Environ. 2009, 8:130-134.
    • (2009) Front. Ecol. Environ. , vol.8 , pp. 130-134
    • Cardille, J.A.1    Lambois, M.2
  • 20
    • 24144440652 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of climate change on range expansion by the mountain pine beetle in British Columbia
    • Victoria, BC, T. Shore, J.E. Brooks, J.E. Stone (Eds.)
    • Carroll A.L., Taylor S.W., Régnière J., et al. Effects of climate change on range expansion by the mountain pine beetle in British Columbia. Mountain Pine Beetle Symposium: Challenges and Solutions 2003, 223-231. Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Victoria, BC. T. Shore, J.E. Brooks, J.E. Stone (Eds.).
    • (2003) Mountain Pine Beetle Symposium: Challenges and Solutions , pp. 223-231
    • Carroll, A.L.1    Taylor, S.W.2    Régnière, J.3
  • 22
    • 64749099631 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relative importance of fuel management, ignition likelihood, and weather to area burned: evidence from five landscape fire succession models
    • Cary G., Flannigan M.D., Keane R.E., et al. Relative importance of fuel management, ignition likelihood, and weather to area burned: evidence from five landscape fire succession models. Int. J. Wildland Fire 2009, 18:147-156.
    • (2009) Int. J. Wildland Fire , vol.18 , pp. 147-156
    • Cary, G.1    Flannigan, M.D.2    Keane, R.E.3
  • 23
    • 33644845613 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the sensitivity of landscape-fire-succession models to variation in terrain, fuel pattern, climate and weather
    • Cary G.J., Keane R.E., Gardner R.H., et al. Comparison of the sensitivity of landscape-fire-succession models to variation in terrain, fuel pattern, climate and weather. Landsc. Ecol. 2006, 21:121-137.
    • (2006) Landsc. Ecol. , vol.21 , pp. 121-137
    • Cary, G.J.1    Keane, R.E.2    Gardner, R.H.3
  • 24
    • 84872435153 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Restoring forest resilience: from reference spatial patterns to silvicultural prescriptions and monitoring
    • Churchill D.J., Larson A.J., Dahlgreen M.C., et al. Restoring forest resilience: from reference spatial patterns to silvicultural prescriptions and monitoring. For. Ecol. Manage. 2013, 291:442-457.
    • (2013) For. Ecol. Manage. , vol.291 , pp. 442-457
    • Churchill, D.J.1    Larson, A.J.2    Dahlgreen, M.C.3
  • 25
    • 0035958720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecological forecasts: an emerging imperative
    • Clark J.S., Carpenter S.R., Barber M., et al. Ecological forecasts: an emerging imperative. Science 2001, 293:657-660.
    • (2001) Science , vol.293 , pp. 657-660
    • Clark, J.S.1    Carpenter, S.R.2    Barber, M.3
  • 26
    • 33745420790 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A future for models and data in environmental science
    • Clark J.S., Gelfand A.E. A future for models and data in environmental science. Trends Ecol. Evol. 2006, 21:375-380.
    • (2006) Trends Ecol. Evol. , vol.21 , pp. 375-380
    • Clark, J.S.1    Gelfand, A.E.2
  • 28
    • 0347996155 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing the accuracy of spatial simulation models
    • Couto P. Assessing the accuracy of spatial simulation models. Ecol. Modell. 2003, 167:181-198.
    • (2003) Ecol. Modell. , vol.167 , pp. 181-198
    • Couto, P.1
  • 29
    • 67649326168 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multivariate landscape trajectory analysis: an example using simulation modeling of American Marten habitat change under four timber harvest scenarios
    • Springer, US, J.A. Bissonette, I. Storch (Eds.)
    • Cushman S.A., McGarigal K. Multivariate landscape trajectory analysis: an example using simulation modeling of American Marten habitat change under four timber harvest scenarios. Temporal Dimensions of Landscape Ecology Wildlife Responses to Variable Resources 2007, 119-140. Springer, US. J.A. Bissonette, I. Storch (Eds.).
    • (2007) Temporal Dimensions of Landscape Ecology Wildlife Responses to Variable Resources , pp. 119-140
    • Cushman, S.A.1    McGarigal, K.2
  • 30
    • 84856218138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Landscape fire and wildlife habitat
    • Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, D. McKenzie, C. Miller, D.A. Falk (Eds.)
    • Cushman S.A., Wasserman T.N., McGarigal K. Landscape fire and wildlife habitat. The Landscape Ecology of Fire 2011, 223-245. Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands. D. McKenzie, C. Miller, D.A. Falk (Eds.).
    • (2011) The Landscape Ecology of Fire , pp. 223-245
    • Cushman, S.A.1    Wasserman, T.N.2    McGarigal, K.3
  • 32
    • 0034800416 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate change and forest disturbances
    • Dale V.H., Joyce L.A., McNulty S., et al. Climate change and forest disturbances. Bioscience 2001, 51:723-734.
    • (2001) Bioscience , vol.51 , pp. 723-734
    • Dale, V.H.1    Joyce, L.A.2    McNulty, S.3
  • 33
    • 84901787499 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toward more robust projections of forest landscape dynamics under novel environmental conditions: embedding PnET within LANDIS-II
    • de Bruijn A., Gustafson E.J., Sturtevant B.R., Foster J.R., Miranda B.R., Lichti N.I., Jacobs D.F. Toward more robust projections of forest landscape dynamics under novel environmental conditions: embedding PnET within LANDIS-II. Ecol. Modell. 2014, 287:44-57.
    • (2014) Ecol. Modell. , vol.287 , pp. 44-57
    • de Bruijn, A.1    Gustafson, E.J.2    Sturtevant, B.R.3    Foster, J.R.4    Miranda, B.R.5    Lichti, N.I.6    Jacobs, D.F.7
  • 35
    • 84865969055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Communication of the role of natural variability in future North American climate
    • Deser C., Knutti R., Solomon S., Phillips A.S. Communication of the role of natural variability in future North American climate. Nature Clim. Change 2012, 2:775-779.
    • (2012) Nature Clim. Change , vol.2 , pp. 775-779
    • Deser, C.1    Knutti, R.2    Solomon, S.3    Phillips, A.S.4
  • 36
    • 42949168401 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understanding and predicting ecological dynamics: are major surprises inevitable
    • Doak D.F., Estes J.A., Halpern B.S., et al. Understanding and predicting ecological dynamics: are major surprises inevitable. Ecology 2008, 89:952-961.
    • (2008) Ecology , vol.89 , pp. 952-961
    • Doak, D.F.1    Estes, J.A.2    Halpern, B.S.3
  • 37
    • 63049112454 scopus 로고
    • There's a SMART way to write management's goals and objectives
    • Doran G.T. There's a SMART way to write management's goals and objectives. Manage. Rev. 1981, 70(11):35-36.
    • (1981) Manage. Rev. , vol.70 , Issue.11 , pp. 35-36
    • Doran, G.T.1
  • 38
    • 84904475108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are Madrean ecosystems approaching tipping points? Anticipating interactions of landscape disturbance and climate change
    • Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fort Collins, CO, G.J. Gottfried, P.F. Folliott, B.S. Gebow, L.G. Eskew, L.C. Collins (Eds.)
    • Falk D.A. Are Madrean ecosystems approaching tipping points? Anticipating interactions of landscape disturbance and climate change. Merging Science and Management in a Rapidly Changing World: Biodiversity and management of the Madrean Archipelago III. RMRS P-67 2013, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fort Collins, CO. G.J. Gottfried, P.F. Folliott, B.S. Gebow, L.G. Eskew, L.C. Collins (Eds.).
    • (2013) Merging Science and Management in a Rapidly Changing World: Biodiversity and management of the Madrean Archipelago III. RMRS P-67
    • Falk, D.A.1
  • 39
    • 35148864705 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cross-scale analysis of fire regimes
    • Falk D.A., Miller C., McKenzie D., et al. Cross-scale analysis of fire regimes. Ecosystems 2007, 10:809-823.
    • (2007) Ecosystems , vol.10 , pp. 809-823
    • Falk, D.A.1    Miller, C.2    McKenzie, D.3
  • 41
    • 84881262856 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate change in grasslands, shrublands, and deserts of the interior American West: a review and needs assessment
    • U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Fort Collins, CO
    • Finch D.M. Climate change in grasslands, shrublands, and deserts of the interior American West: a review and needs assessment. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Report Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-285 2011, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Fort Collins, CO.
    • (2011) U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Report Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-285
    • Finch, D.M.1
  • 43
  • 44
    • 0003353172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial statistics in landscape ecology
    • Springer-Verlag, Inc., New York, NY, USA, J.M. Klopatek, R.H. Gardner (Eds.)
    • Fortin M.J. Spatial statistics in landscape ecology. Landscape Ecological Analysis: Issues and Applications 1999, 253-279. Springer-Verlag, Inc., New York, NY, USA. J.M. Klopatek, R.H. Gardner (Eds.).
    • (1999) Landscape Ecological Analysis: Issues and Applications , pp. 253-279
    • Fortin, M.J.1
  • 45
    • 33645098590 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity of ecological models to their climate drivers: statistic ensembles for forcing
    • Fuentes M., Kittel T.G.F., Nychka D. Sensitivity of ecological models to their climate drivers: statistic ensembles for forcing. Ecol. Appl. 2006, 16:99-116.
    • (2006) Ecol. Appl. , vol.16 , pp. 99-116
    • Fuentes, M.1    Kittel, T.G.F.2    Nychka, D.3
  • 46
    • 0000862756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predicting forest fire effects at landscape scales
    • Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom, D.J. Mladenoff, W.L. Baker (Eds.)
    • Gardner R.H., William H.R., Turner M.G. Predicting forest fire effects at landscape scales. Spatial Modeling of Forest Landscape Change: Approaches and Applications 1999, 163-185. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom. D.J. Mladenoff, W.L. Baker (Eds.).
    • (1999) Spatial Modeling of Forest Landscape Change: Approaches and Applications , pp. 163-185
    • Gardner, R.H.1    William, H.R.2    Turner, M.G.3
  • 47
    • 57849140478 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of scale-dependent processes on predicting patterns of forest fires
    • Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, B.H. Walker, W.L. Steffen (Eds.)
    • Gardner R.H.R., William H., Turner Monica G. Effects of scale-dependent processes on predicting patterns of forest fires. Global Change and Terrestrial Ecosystems 1997, 111-134. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. B.H. Walker, W.L. Steffen (Eds.).
    • (1997) Global Change and Terrestrial Ecosystems , pp. 111-134
    • Gardner, R.H.R.1    William, H.2    Turner, M.G.3
  • 48
    • 33748938408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate change effects on plant disease: genomes to ecosystems
    • Garrett K.A., Dendy S.P., Frank E.E., et al. Climate change effects on plant disease: genomes to ecosystems. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 2006, 44:489-509.
    • (2006) Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. , vol.44 , pp. 489-509
    • Garrett, K.A.1    Dendy, S.P.2    Frank, E.E.3
  • 49
    • 0024943315 scopus 로고
    • Climate change, hydrology, and water resources
    • Gleick P.H. Climate change, hydrology, and water resources. Rev. Geophys. 1989, 27:329-344.
    • (1989) Rev. Geophys. , vol.27 , pp. 329-344
    • Gleick, P.H.1
  • 50
    • 67349087656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Connectivity of core habitat in the northeastern United States: parks and protected areas in a landscape context
    • Goetz S.J., Jantz P., Jantz C.A. Connectivity of core habitat in the northeastern United States: parks and protected areas in a landscape context. Remote Sens. Environ. 2009, 113:1421-1429.
    • (2009) Remote Sens. Environ. , vol.113 , pp. 1421-1429
    • Goetz, S.J.1    Jantz, P.2    Jantz, C.A.3
  • 51
    • 0031853533 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potential impacts of climate change on fire regimes in the tropics based on MAGICC and a GISS GCM-derived lightning model
    • Goldammer J.G., Price C. Potential impacts of climate change on fire regimes in the tropics based on MAGICC and a GISS GCM-derived lightning model. Clim. Change 1998, 39:273-296.
    • (1998) Clim. Change , vol.39 , pp. 273-296
    • Goldammer, J.G.1    Price, C.2
  • 52
    • 37549027259 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing functional landscape connectivity for disturbance propagation on regional scales-a cost-surface model approach applied to surface fire spread
    • Gonzalez J.R., del Barrio G., Duguy B. Assessing functional landscape connectivity for disturbance propagation on regional scales-a cost-surface model approach applied to surface fire spread. Ecol. Modell. 2008, 211:121-141.
    • (2008) Ecol. Modell. , vol.211 , pp. 121-141
    • Gonzalez, J.R.1    del Barrio, G.2    Duguy, B.3
  • 53
    • 21244469039 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interactions matter-complexity in landscapes and ecosystems
    • Green D.G., Sadedin S. Interactions matter-complexity in landscapes and ecosystems. Ecol. Complexity 2005, 2:117-130.
    • (2005) Ecol. Complexity , vol.2 , pp. 117-130
    • Green, D.G.1    Sadedin, S.2
  • 57
    • 84897914073 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Towards better modelling and decision support: documenting model development, testing, and analysis using TRACE
    • Grimm Volker, et al. Towards better modelling and decision support: documenting model development, testing, and analysis using TRACE. Ecol. Modell. 2014, 280:129-139.
    • (2014) Ecol. Modell. , vol.280 , pp. 129-139
    • Volker, G.1
  • 58
    • 84884819418 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • When relationships estimated in the past cannot be used to predict the future: using mechanistic models to predict landscape ecological dynamics in a changing world
    • Gustafson E. When relationships estimated in the past cannot be used to predict the future: using mechanistic models to predict landscape ecological dynamics in a changing world. Landsc. Ecol. 2013, 28(8):1429-1437. 10.1007/s10980-013-9927-4.
    • (2013) Landsc. Ecol. , vol.28 , Issue.8 , pp. 1429-1437
    • Gustafson, E.1
  • 59
    • 77951716336 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regime shifts in ecological systems can occur with no warning
    • Hastings A., Wysham D.B. Regime shifts in ecological systems can occur with no warning. Ecol. Lett. 2010, 13:464-472.
    • (2010) Ecol. Lett. , vol.13 , pp. 464-472
    • Hastings, A.1    Wysham, D.B.2
  • 60
    • 38349094174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forest landscape models, definition, characterization, and classification
    • He H.S. Forest landscape models, definition, characterization, and classification. For. Ecol. Manage. 2008, 254:484-498.
    • (2008) For. Ecol. Manage. , vol.254 , pp. 484-498
    • He, H.S.1
  • 61
    • 38349097286 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forest landscape models, a tool for understanding the effect of the large-scale and long-term landscape processes
    • He H.S., Keane R.E., Iverson L.R. Forest landscape models, a tool for understanding the effect of the large-scale and long-term landscape processes. For. Ecol. Manage. 2008, 254:371-374.
    • (2008) For. Ecol. Manage. , vol.254 , pp. 371-374
    • He, H.S.1    Keane, R.E.2    Iverson, L.R.3
  • 62
    • 84901189262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relative effects of climate change and wildfires on stream temperatures: a simulation modeling approach in a Rocky Mountain watershed
    • Holsinger L., Keane R.E., Isaak D.J., Eby L., Young M.K. Relative effects of climate change and wildfires on stream temperatures: a simulation modeling approach in a Rocky Mountain watershed. Clim. Change 2014, 124:191-206.
    • (2014) Clim. Change , vol.124 , pp. 191-206
    • Holsinger, L.1    Keane, R.E.2    Isaak, D.J.3    Eby, L.4    Young, M.K.5
  • 63
    • 84856521173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Springer Verlag, New York, USA, M.K. Hughes, T.W. Swetnam, H.F. Diaz (Eds.)
    • Dendroclimatology: Progress and Prospects 2011, Springer Verlag, New York, USA. M.K. Hughes, T.W. Swetnam, H.F. Diaz (Eds.).
    • (2011) Dendroclimatology: Progress and Prospects
  • 64
    • 79959618555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A systematic approach for comparing modeled biospheric carbon fluxes across regional scales
    • Huntzinger D.N., Gourdji S.M., Mueller K.L., et al. A systematic approach for comparing modeled biospheric carbon fluxes across regional scales. Biogeosciences 2011, 8:1579-1593.
    • (2011) Biogeosciences , vol.8 , pp. 1579-1593
    • Huntzinger, D.N.1    Gourdji, S.M.2    Mueller, K.L.3
  • 65
    • 84859481023 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • North American Carbon Program (NACP) regional interim synthesis: terrestrial biospheric model intercomparison
    • Huntzinger D.N., Post W.M., Wei Y., et al. North American Carbon Program (NACP) regional interim synthesis: terrestrial biospheric model intercomparison. Ecol. Modell. 2012, 232:144-157.
    • (2012) Ecol. Modell. , vol.232 , pp. 144-157
    • Huntzinger, D.N.1    Post, W.M.2    Wei, Y.3
  • 67
    • 0031825364 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Terrestrial models and global change: challenges for the future
    • Hurtt G.C., Moorcroft P.R., Pacala S.W., et al. Terrestrial models and global change: challenges for the future. Global Change Biol. 1998, 4:581-590.
    • (1998) Global Change Biol. , vol.4 , pp. 581-590
    • Hurtt, G.C.1    Moorcroft, P.R.2    Pacala, S.W.3
  • 68
    • 0023496984 scopus 로고
    • Plant succession: Life history and competition
    • Huston M., Smith T. Plant succession: Life history and competition. Am. Nat. 1987, 130:168-198.
    • (1987) Am. Nat. , vol.130 , pp. 168-198
    • Huston, M.1    Smith, T.2
  • 69
    • 84887921785 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK
    • International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Climate Change 2013-The Physical Science Basis 2013, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
    • (2013) Climate Change 2013-The Physical Science Basis
  • 70
    • 84929463453 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Validation databases for simulation models: aboveground biomass and net primary productivity (NPP) estimation using easwide FIA data
    • USDA Forest Service, North Central Research Station Boise, ID, USA, M. Hansen, T. Burk (Eds.)
    • Jenkins J.C., Birdsey R. Validation databases for simulation models: aboveground biomass and net primary productivity (NPP) estimation using easwide FIA data. Integrated Tools for Natural Resources Inventories in the 21st Century: Proceedings of the IUFRO Conference August 16-20, 1998 1998, 515-524. USDA Forest Service, North Central Research Station Boise, ID, USA. M. Hansen, T. Burk (Eds.).
    • (1998) Integrated Tools for Natural Resources Inventories in the 21st Century: Proceedings of the IUFRO Conference August 16-20, 1998 , pp. 515-524
    • Jenkins, J.C.1    Birdsey, R.2
  • 71
    • 36749098370 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bark beetles, fuels, fire and implications for forest management in the Intermountain West
    • Jenkins M.A., Hebertson E., Page W., et al. Bark beetles, fuels, fire and implications for forest management in the Intermountain West. For. Ecol. Manage. 2008, 254:16-34.
    • (2008) For. Ecol. Manage. , vol.254 , pp. 16-34
    • Jenkins, M.A.1    Hebertson, E.2    Page, W.3
  • 72
    • 84894422221 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spruce beetle biology, ecology and management in the rocky mountains: an addendum to spruce beetle in the rockies
    • Jenkins M.A., Hebertson E.G., Monson A.S. Spruce beetle biology, ecology and management in the rocky mountains: an addendum to spruce beetle in the rockies. Forests 2014, 5:21-71.
    • (2014) Forests , vol.5 , pp. 21-71
    • Jenkins, M.A.1    Hebertson, E.G.2    Monson, A.S.3
  • 73
    • 55349124606 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial pattern and persistence of historical fire boundaries in southern interior British Columbia
    • Jordan G., Fortin M.J., Lertzman K. Spatial pattern and persistence of historical fire boundaries in southern interior British Columbia. Environ. Ecol. Stat. 2008, 15:523-535.
    • (2008) Environ. Ecol. Stat. , vol.15 , pp. 523-535
    • Jordan, G.1    Fortin, M.J.2    Lertzman, K.3
  • 74
    • 84877108259 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Post-fire changes in forest carbon storage over a 300-year chronosequence of Pinus contorta-dominated forests
    • Kashian D.M., Romme W.H., Tinker D.B., Turner M.G., Ryan M.G. Post-fire changes in forest carbon storage over a 300-year chronosequence of Pinus contorta-dominated forests. Ecol. Monog. 2012, 83:49-66.
    • (2012) Ecol. Monog. , vol.83 , pp. 49-66
    • Kashian, D.M.1    Romme, W.H.2    Tinker, D.B.3    Turner, M.G.4    Ryan, M.G.5
  • 75
    • 84878174969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Creating historical range of variation (HRV) time series using landscape modeling: overview and issues
    • John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken, NJ, J.A. Wiens, G.D. Hayward, H.S. Stafford, C. Giffen (Eds.)
    • Keane R.E. Creating historical range of variation (HRV) time series using landscape modeling: overview and issues. Historical Environmental Variation in Conservation and Natural Resource Management 2012, 113-128. John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken, NJ. J.A. Wiens, G.D. Hayward, H.S. Stafford, C. Giffen (Eds.).
    • (2012) Historical Environmental Variation in Conservation and Natural Resource Management , pp. 113-128
    • Keane, R.E.1
  • 78
    • 2642574874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The simulation of landscape fire, climate, and ecosystem dynamics
    • Springer-Verlag, New York, NY, USA, T.T. Veblen, W.L. Baker, G. Montenegro, T.W. Swetnam (Eds.)
    • Keane R.E., Finney M.A. The simulation of landscape fire, climate, and ecosystem dynamics. Fire and Global Change in Temperate Ecosystems of the Western Americas 2003, 32-68. Springer-Verlag, New York, NY, USA. T.T. Veblen, W.L. Baker, G. Montenegro, T.W. Swetnam (Eds.).
    • (2003) Fire and Global Change in Temperate Ecosystems of the Western Americas , pp. 32-68
    • Keane, R.E.1    Finney, M.A.2
  • 79
    • 83655182242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using multi-criteria analysis of simulation models to understand complex biological systems
    • Kennedy M.C., Ford E.D. Using multi-criteria analysis of simulation models to understand complex biological systems. BioScience 2011, 61:994-1004.
    • (2011) BioScience , vol.61 , pp. 994-1004
    • Kennedy, M.C.1    Ford, E.D.2
  • 80
    • 77956882349 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detecting trends in forest disturbance and recovery using yearly Landsat time series: 1. LandTrendr-Temporal segmentation algorithms
    • Kennedy R.E., Yang Z., Cohen W.B. Detecting trends in forest disturbance and recovery using yearly Landsat time series: 1. LandTrendr-Temporal segmentation algorithms. Remote Sens. Environ. 2010, 114(12):2897-2910.
    • (2010) Remote Sens. Environ. , vol.114 , Issue.12 , pp. 2897-2910
    • Kennedy, R.E.1    Yang, Z.2    Cohen, W.B.3
  • 81
    • 0024894160 scopus 로고
    • Using ecosystem models to predict regional CO2 exchange between the atmosphere and the terrestrial biosphere
    • King A.W., O'Neill R.V., DeAngelis D.L. Using ecosystem models to predict regional CO2 exchange between the atmosphere and the terrestrial biosphere. Global Biogeochem. Cycles 1989, 3:337-361.
    • (1989) Global Biogeochem. Cycles , vol.3 , pp. 337-361
    • King, A.W.1    O'Neill, R.V.2    DeAngelis, D.L.3
  • 82
    • 84965454701 scopus 로고
    • Techniques for sensitivity analysis of simulation models: a case study of the CO2 greenhouse effect
    • Kleijnen J.P.C., Ham G.V., Rotmans J. Techniques for sensitivity analysis of simulation models: a case study of the CO2 greenhouse effect. Simulation 1992, 58:410-417.
    • (1992) Simulation , vol.58 , pp. 410-417
    • Kleijnen, J.P.C.1    Ham, G.V.2    Rotmans, J.3
  • 83
    • 84880752629 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Small-scale patch structure in North American and South African grasslands responds differently to fire and grazing
    • Koerner S.E., Collins S.L. Small-scale patch structure in North American and South African grasslands responds differently to fire and grazing. Landsc. Ecol. 2013, 28(7):1293-1306.
    • (2013) Landsc. Ecol. , vol.28 , Issue.7 , pp. 1293-1306
    • Koerner, S.E.1    Collins, S.L.2
  • 84
    • 65249122534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global pyrogeography: the current and future distribution of wildfire
    • Krawchuk M.A., Moritz M.A., Parisien M.A., et al. Global pyrogeography: the current and future distribution of wildfire. PLoS ONE 2009, 4:e5102.
    • (2009) PLoS ONE , vol.4 , pp. e5102
    • Krawchuk, M.A.1    Moritz, M.A.2    Parisien, M.A.3
  • 85
    • 0013222308 scopus 로고
    • Ignition probabilities of wildland fuels based on simulated lightning discharges
    • USDA Forest Service
    • Latham D.J., Schlieter J.A. Ignition probabilities of wildland fuels based on simulated lightning discharges. USDA Forest Service, Report INT-411 1989, 16. USDA Forest Service.
    • (1989) USDA Forest Service, Report INT-411 , pp. 16
    • Latham, D.J.1    Schlieter, J.A.2
  • 86
    • 84878598615 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Facilitating feedbacks between field measurements and ecosystem models
    • LeBauer D.S., Wang D., Richter K.T., et al. Facilitating feedbacks between field measurements and ecosystem models. Ecol. Monogr. 2013, 83:133-154.
    • (2013) Ecol. Monogr. , vol.83 , pp. 133-154
    • LeBauer, D.S.1    Wang, D.2    Richter, K.T.3
  • 88
    • 84871412018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Managing uncertainty in climate-driven ecological models to inform adaptation to climate change
    • Littell J.S., McKenzie D., Kerns B.K., et al. Managing uncertainty in climate-driven ecological models to inform adaptation to climate change. Ecosphere 2011, 2:102-111.
    • (2011) Ecosphere , vol.2 , pp. 102-111
    • Littell, J.S.1    McKenzie, D.2    Kerns, B.K.3
  • 89
    • 84866521289 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling effects of climate change and fire management on western white pine (Pinus monticola) in the northern Rocky Mountains, USA
    • Loehman R.A., Clark J.A., Keane R.E. Modeling effects of climate change and fire management on western white pine (Pinus monticola) in the northern Rocky Mountains, USA. Forests 2011, 2:832-860.
    • (2011) Forests , vol.2 , pp. 832-860
    • Loehman, R.A.1    Clark, J.A.2    Keane, R.E.3
  • 90
    • 62449323969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wildfire responses to abrupt climate change in North America
    • Marlon J.R., Bartlein P.J., Walsh M.K., et al. Wildfire responses to abrupt climate change in North America. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2009, 106:2519-2524.
    • (2009) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. , vol.106 , pp. 2519-2524
    • Marlon, J.R.1    Bartlein, P.J.2    Walsh, M.K.3
  • 92
    • 0038308236 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Computer Software Program Produced by the Authors
    • University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA
    • McGarigal K., Cushman S.A., Neel M.C., et al. FRAGSTATS: Spatial Pattern Analysis Program for Categorical Maps 2002, Computer Software Program Produced by the Authors at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, Available at the following web site:www.umass.edu/landeco/research/fragstats/fragstats.html
    • (2002) FRAGSTATS: Spatial Pattern Analysis Program for Categorical Maps
    • McGarigal, K.1    Cushman, S.A.2    Neel, M.C.3
  • 93
    • 60449083966 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surface metrics: an alternative to patch metrics for the quantification of landscape structure
    • McGarigal K., Tagil S., Cushman S.A. Surface metrics: an alternative to patch metrics for the quantification of landscape structure. Landsc. Ecol. 2009, 24:433-450.
    • (2009) Landsc. Ecol. , vol.24 , pp. 433-450
    • McGarigal, K.1    Tagil, S.2    Cushman, S.A.3
  • 94
    • 84859175881 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Power laws reveal phase transitions in landscape controls of fire regimes
    • McKenzie D., Kennedy M.C. Power laws reveal phase transitions in landscape controls of fire regimes. Nat. Commun. 2012, 3:726.
    • (2012) Nat. Commun. , vol.3 , pp. 726
    • McKenzie, D.1    Kennedy, M.C.2
  • 95
    • 3042945912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extrapolation problems in modeling fire effects at large spatial scales: a review
    • McKenzie D., Peterson D.L., Alvarado E. Extrapolation problems in modeling fire effects at large spatial scales: a review. Int. J. Wildland Fire 1996, 6:165-176.
    • (1996) Int. J. Wildland Fire , vol.6 , pp. 165-176
    • McKenzie, D.1    Peterson, D.L.2    Alvarado, E.3
  • 96
    • 79958018587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toward a theory of landscape fire
    • Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, D. McKenzie, C. Miller, D.A. Falk (Eds.)
    • McKenzie D., Miller C., Falk D.A. Toward a theory of landscape fire. The Landscape Ecology of Fire 2011, 231-256. Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands. D. McKenzie, C. Miller, D.A. Falk (Eds.).
    • (2011) The Landscape Ecology of Fire , pp. 231-256
    • McKenzie, D.1    Miller, C.2    Falk, D.A.3
  • 98
    • 84944252862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling wildfire regimes in forest landscapes: abstracting a complex reality. Chapter 6 in Perera
    • Springer, New York, NY, [in press], A.H.T.K. Remmel, L.J. Buse (Eds.)
    • McKenzie D., Perera A. Modeling wildfire regimes in forest landscapes: abstracting a complex reality. Chapter 6 in Perera. Modeling and Mapping Forest Landscape Patterns 2015, Springer, New York, NY, [in press]. A.H.T.K. Remmel, L.J. Buse (Eds.).
    • (2015) Modeling and Mapping Forest Landscape Patterns
    • McKenzie, D.1    Perera, A.2
  • 99
    • 0022174411 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of decomposition models using wood density of Douglas-fir logs
    • Means J.E., Cromack K., MacMillan C. Comparison of decomposition models using wood density of Douglas-fir logs. Can. J. For. Res. 1985, 15:1092-1098.
    • (1985) Can. J. For. Res. , vol.15 , pp. 1092-1098
    • Means, J.E.1    Cromack, K.2    MacMillan, C.3
  • 101
    • 81355146459 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A landsat time series approach to characterize bark beetle and defoliator impacts on tree mortality and surface fuels in conifer forests
    • Meigs G.W., Kennedy R.E., Cohen W.B. A landsat time series approach to characterize bark beetle and defoliator impacts on tree mortality and surface fuels in conifer forests. Remote Sens. Environ. 2011, 115:3707-3718.
    • (2011) Remote Sens. Environ. , vol.115 , pp. 3707-3718
    • Meigs, G.W.1    Kennedy, R.E.2    Cohen, W.B.3
  • 103
    • 0036302842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A scale invariant coupling of plants, water, energy, and terrain
    • Milne B.T., Gupta V.K., Restrepo C. A scale invariant coupling of plants, water, energy, and terrain. EcoScience 2002, 9:191-199.
    • (2002) EcoScience , vol.9 , pp. 191-199
    • Milne, B.T.1    Gupta, V.K.2    Restrepo, C.3
  • 106
    • 76749096338 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The next generation of scenarios for climate change research and assessment
    • Moss R.H., Edmonds J.A., Hibbard K.A., et al. The next generation of scenarios for climate change research and assessment. Nature 2010, 463:747-756.
    • (2010) Nature , vol.463 , pp. 747-756
    • Moss, R.H.1    Edmonds, J.A.2    Hibbard, K.A.3
  • 107
    • 0035128597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Field validation and sensitivity analysis of a mechanistic model for tree seed dispersal by wind
    • Nathan R., Safriel U.N., Noy-Meir I. Field validation and sensitivity analysis of a mechanistic model for tree seed dispersal by wind. Ecology 2001, 82:374-388.
    • (2001) Ecology , vol.82 , pp. 374-388
    • Nathan, R.1    Safriel, U.N.2    Noy-Meir, I.3
  • 108
    • 19544384486 scopus 로고
    • Influence of climate, soil moisture, and succession on forest carbon and nitrogen cycles
    • Pastor J., Post W.M. Influence of climate, soil moisture, and succession on forest carbon and nitrogen cycles. Biogeochemistry 1986, 2:3-27.
    • (1986) Biogeochemistry , vol.2 , pp. 3-27
    • Pastor, J.1    Post, W.M.2
  • 109
    • 0034716037 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • From static biogeographical model to dynamic global vegetation model: a global perspective on modelling vegetation dynamics
    • Peng C. From static biogeographical model to dynamic global vegetation model: a global perspective on modelling vegetation dynamics. Ecol. Modell. 2000, 135:33-54.
    • (2000) Ecol. Modell. , vol.135 , pp. 33-54
    • Peng, C.1
  • 110
    • 33644825138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial modelling of vegetation change in dynamic landscapes: a review of methods and applications
    • Perry G.L.W., Enright N.J. Spatial modelling of vegetation change in dynamic landscapes: a review of methods and applications. Prog. Phys. Geogr. 2006, 30:47-72.
    • (2006) Prog. Phys. Geogr. , vol.30 , pp. 47-72
    • Perry, G.L.W.1    Enright, N.J.2
  • 111
    • 38849088066 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial modelling of succession-disturbance dynamics in forest ecosystems: concepts and examples
    • Perry G.L.W., Millington J.D.A. Spatial modelling of succession-disturbance dynamics in forest ecosystems: concepts and examples. Perspect. Plant Ecol. Evol. Syst. 2008, 9:191-210.
    • (2008) Perspect. Plant Ecol. Evol. Syst. , vol.9 , pp. 191-210
    • Perry, G.L.W.1    Millington, J.D.A.2
  • 112
    • 6344288683 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cross-scale interactions, nonlinearities, and forecasting catastrophic events
    • Peters D.P.C., Pielke R.A., Bestelmeyer B.T., et al. Cross-scale interactions, nonlinearities, and forecasting catastrophic events. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2004, 101:15130-15135.
    • (2004) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. , vol.101 , pp. 15130-15135
    • Peters, D.P.C.1    Pielke, R.A.2    Bestelmeyer, B.T.3
  • 114
    • 84929457543 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of USGS data to improve weather and climate simulations
    • Pielke R.A., Lee J.T., Copeland J.H., et al. Use of USGS data to improve weather and climate simulations. Ecol. Appl. 1997, 7:21-33.
    • (1997) Ecol. Appl. , vol.7 , pp. 21-33
    • Pielke, R.A.1    Lee, J.T.2    Copeland, J.H.3
  • 116
    • 45849136029 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predictive models of forest dynamics
    • Purves D., Pacala S. Predictive models of forest dynamics. Science 2008, 320(5882):1452-1453.
    • (2008) Science , vol.320 , Issue.5882 , pp. 1452-1453
    • Purves, D.1    Pacala, S.2
  • 117
    • 83855165028 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toward dynamic global vegetation models for simulating vegetation-climate interactions and feedbacks: recent developments, limitations, and future challenges
    • Quillet A., Peng C., Garneau M. Toward dynamic global vegetation models for simulating vegetation-climate interactions and feedbacks: recent developments, limitations, and future challenges. Environ. Rev. 2010, 18:333-353.
    • (2010) Environ. Rev. , vol.18 , pp. 333-353
    • Quillet, A.1    Peng, C.2    Garneau, M.3
  • 118
    • 45849137124 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cross-scale drivers of natural disturbances prone to anthropogenic amplification: the dynamics of bark beetle eruptions
    • Raffa K.F., Aukema B.H., Bentz B.J., et al. Cross-scale drivers of natural disturbances prone to anthropogenic amplification: the dynamics of bark beetle eruptions. Bioscience 2008, 58:501-517.
    • (2008) Bioscience , vol.58 , pp. 501-517
    • Raffa, K.F.1    Aukema, B.H.2    Bentz, B.J.3
  • 120
    • 0030057921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Validating models of ecosystem response to global change
    • Rastetter E.B. Validating models of ecosystem response to global change. Bioscience 1996, 46:190-197.
    • (1996) Bioscience , vol.46 , pp. 190-197
    • Rastetter, E.B.1
  • 121
    • 0037232957 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using mechanistic models to scale ecological processes across space and time
    • Rastetter E.B., Aber J.D., Peters D., et al. Using mechanistic models to scale ecological processes across space and time. Bioscience 2003, 53:68-77.
    • (2003) Bioscience , vol.53 , pp. 68-77
    • Rastetter, E.B.1    Aber, J.D.2    Peters, D.3
  • 122
    • 0026352376 scopus 로고
    • A general biogeochemical model describing the responses of the C and N cycles in terrestrial ecosystems to changes in CO2, climate, and N deposition
    • Rastetter E.B., Ryan M.G., Shaver G.R., et al. A general biogeochemical model describing the responses of the C and N cycles in terrestrial ecosystems to changes in CO2, climate, and N deposition. Tree Physiol. 1991, 9:101-126.
    • (1991) Tree Physiol. , vol.9 , pp. 101-126
    • Rastetter, E.B.1    Ryan, M.G.2    Shaver, G.R.3
  • 123
    • 0347370598 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Testing the accuracy of growth and yield models for southern hardwood forests
    • Rausche M.H., Young M.J., Webb C.D. Testing the accuracy of growth and yield models for southern hardwood forests. South J. Appl. For. 2000, 24:176-185.
    • (2000) South J. Appl. For. , vol.24 , pp. 176-185
    • Rausche, M.H.1    Young, M.J.2    Webb, C.D.3
  • 124
    • 84888138909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temporal carbon dynamics of forests in Washington, U.S.: implications for ecological theory and carbon management
    • Raymond C.L., McKenzie D. Temporal carbon dynamics of forests in Washington, U.S.: implications for ecological theory and carbon management. For. Ecol. Manage. 2013, 310:796-811.
    • (2013) For. Ecol. Manage. , vol.310 , pp. 796-811
    • Raymond, C.L.1    McKenzie, D.2
  • 125
    • 0028165844 scopus 로고
    • Relative importance of risk factors for spruce beetle outbreaks
    • Reynolds K.M., Holsten E.H. Relative importance of risk factors for spruce beetle outbreaks. Can. J. For. Res. 1994, 24:2089-2095.
    • (1994) Can. J. For. Res. , vol.24 , pp. 2089-2095
    • Reynolds, K.M.1    Holsten, E.H.2
  • 127
    • 79959709840 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Strategic cyclical scaling: bridging five orders of magnitude scale gaps in climatic and ecological studies
    • Root T.L., Schneider S.H. Strategic cyclical scaling: bridging five orders of magnitude scale gaps in climatic and ecological studies. Integr. Assess. 2002, 3:188-200.
    • (2002) Integr. Assess. , vol.3 , pp. 188-200
    • Root, T.L.1    Schneider, S.H.2
  • 128
    • 35349026781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Considerations for selecting downscaling methods for integrated assessments of climate change impacts
    • Salathe E.P., Mote P.W., Wiley M.W. Considerations for selecting downscaling methods for integrated assessments of climate change impacts. Int. J. Climatol. 2008, 27:1611-1621.
    • (2008) Int. J. Climatol. , vol.27 , pp. 1611-1621
    • Salathe, E.P.1    Mote, P.W.2    Wiley, M.W.3
  • 129
    • 22744459213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How resilient are southwestern ponderosa pine forests after crown fires?
    • Savage M., Mast J.N. How resilient are southwestern ponderosa pine forests after crown fires?. Can. J. For. Res. 2005, 35:967-977.
    • (2005) Can. J. For. Res. , vol.35 , pp. 967-977
    • Savage, M.1    Mast, J.N.2
  • 130
    • 34248377754 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An ecological classification of forest landscape simulation models: tools and strategies for understanding broad-scale forested ecosystems
    • Scheller R.M., Mladenoff D.J. An ecological classification of forest landscape simulation models: tools and strategies for understanding broad-scale forested ecosystems. Landsc. Ecol. 2007, 22:491-505.
    • (2007) Landsc. Ecol. , vol.22 , pp. 491-505
    • Scheller, R.M.1    Mladenoff, D.J.2
  • 131
    • 77953339868 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increasing the reliability of ecological models using modern software engineering techniques
    • Scheller R.M., Sturtevant B.R., Gustafson E.J., Ward B.C., Mladenoff D.J. Increasing the reliability of ecological models using modern software engineering techniques. Front. Ecol. Environ. 2009, 8(5):253-260. 10.1890/080141.
    • (2009) Front. Ecol. Environ. , vol.8 , Issue.5 , pp. 253-260
    • Scheller, R.M.1    Sturtevant, B.R.2    Gustafson, E.J.3    Ward, B.C.4    Mladenoff, D.J.5
  • 132
    • 11144280565 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wildlife responses to climate change: North American case studies
    • Island Press, Washington, DC, USA, S.H. Schneider (Ed.)
    • Schneider S.H., Root T.L. Wildlife responses to climate change: North American case studies. Terry Louise Root 2002, Island Press, Washington, DC, USA. S.H. Schneider (Ed.).
    • (2002) Terry Louise Root
    • Schneider, S.H.1    Root, T.L.2
  • 133
    • 33745863655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling the impact of climate and vegetation on fire regimes in mountain landscapes
    • Schumacher S., Reineking B., Sibold J., et al. Modeling the impact of climate and vegetation on fire regimes in mountain landscapes. Landsc. Ecol. 2006, 21:539-554.
    • (2006) Landsc. Ecol. , vol.21 , pp. 539-554
    • Schumacher, S.1    Reineking, B.2    Sibold, J.3
  • 134
    • 78651453224 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modelling natural disturbances in forest ecosystems: a review
    • Seidl R., Fernandes P.M., Fonseca T.F., et al. Modelling natural disturbances in forest ecosystems: a review. Ecol. Modell. 2011, 222:903-924.
    • (2011) Ecol. Modell. , vol.222 , pp. 903-924
    • Seidl, R.1    Fernandes, P.M.2    Fonseca, T.F.3
  • 135
    • 38349189711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forecasting landscape-scale, cumulative effects of forest management on vegetation and wildlife habitat: a case study of issues, limitations, and opportunities
    • Shifley S.R., Thompson F.R., Dijak W.D., et al. Forecasting landscape-scale, cumulative effects of forest management on vegetation and wildlife habitat: a case study of issues, limitations, and opportunities. For. Ecol. Manage. 2008, 254:474-483.
    • (2008) For. Ecol. Manage. , vol.254 , pp. 474-483
    • Shifley, S.R.1    Thompson, F.R.2    Dijak, W.D.3
  • 137
    • 84878647908 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pyrogeography and biogeochemical resistance
    • Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, D. McKenzie, C. Miller, D.A. Falk (Eds.)
    • Smithwick E.A.H. Pyrogeography and biogeochemical resistance. The Landscape Ecology of Fire 2011, 143-163. Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands. D. McKenzie, C. Miller, D.A. Falk (Eds.).
    • (2011) The Landscape Ecology of Fire , pp. 143-163
    • Smithwick, E.A.H.1
  • 138
    • 84872160382 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Root stress and nitrogen deposition: consequences and research priorities
    • Smithwick E.A.H., Eissensat D.M., Lovett G.M., et al. Root stress and nitrogen deposition: consequences and research priorities. New Phytol. 2013, 197:1697-1708.
    • (2013) New Phytol. , vol.197 , pp. 1697-1708
    • Smithwick, E.A.H.1    Eissensat, D.M.2    Lovett, G.M.3
  • 139
    • 0348161420 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling multiscale effects of light limitations and edge-induced mortality on carbon stores in forest landscapes
    • Smithwick E.A.H., Harmon M.E., Domingo J.B. Modeling multiscale effects of light limitations and edge-induced mortality on carbon stores in forest landscapes. Landsc. Ecol. 2003, 18:701-721.
    • (2003) Landsc. Ecol. , vol.18 , pp. 701-721
    • Smithwick, E.A.H.1    Harmon, M.E.2    Domingo, J.B.3
  • 140
    • 68149155525 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term nitrogen storage and soil nitrogen availability in post-fire lodgepole pine ecosystems
    • Smithwick E.A.H., Kashian D.M., Ryan M.G., et al. Long-term nitrogen storage and soil nitrogen availability in post-fire lodgepole pine ecosystems. Ecosystems 2009, 12:792-806.
    • (2009) Ecosystems , vol.12 , pp. 792-806
    • Smithwick, E.A.H.1    Kashian, D.M.2    Ryan, M.G.3
  • 141
    • 84906686929 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improving the representation of roots in terrestrial models
    • Smithwick E., Lucash M.S., McCormack M.L., Sivandran G. Improving the representation of roots in terrestrial models. Ecol. Modell. 2014, 291(10):193-204.
    • (2014) Ecol. Modell. , vol.291 , Issue.10 , pp. 193-204
    • Smithwick, E.1    Lucash, M.S.2    McCormack, M.L.3    Sivandran, G.4
  • 142
    • 77953156810 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inverse modelling, sensitivity, and Monte Carlo analysis in R using package
    • Soetaert K., Petzoldt T. Inverse modelling, sensitivity, and Monte Carlo analysis in R using package. FME J. Stat. Softw. 2010, 33:1-28.
    • (2010) FME J. Stat. Softw. , vol.33 , pp. 1-28
    • Soetaert, K.1    Petzoldt, T.2
  • 144
    • 33646557059 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • RHESSys: regional hydro-ecologic simulation system-an object-oriented approach to spatially distributed modeling of carbon, water, and nutrient cycling
    • Tague C.L., Band L.E. RHESSys: regional hydro-ecologic simulation system-an object-oriented approach to spatially distributed modeling of carbon, water, and nutrient cycling. Earth Interact. 2004, 8:1-42.
    • (2004) Earth Interact. , vol.8 , pp. 1-42
    • Tague, C.L.1    Band, L.E.2
  • 146
    • 84882250866 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cross-scale interactions among bark beetles, climate change, and wind disturbances: a landscape modeling approach
    • Temperli C., Bugmann H., Elkin C. Cross-scale interactions among bark beetles, climate change, and wind disturbances: a landscape modeling approach. Ecol. Monogr. 2013, 83(3):383-402. 10.1890/12-1503.1.
    • (2013) Ecol. Monogr. , vol.83 , Issue.3 , pp. 383-402
    • Temperli, C.1    Bugmann, H.2    Elkin, C.3
  • 148
    • 0035176379 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of fire disturbance for global vegetation dynamics: coupling fire into a Dynamic Global Vegetation Model
    • Thonicke K., Venevski S., Sitch S., et al. The role of fire disturbance for global vegetation dynamics: coupling fire into a Dynamic Global Vegetation Model. Global Ecol. Biogeogr. Lett. 2001, 10:661-678.
    • (2001) Global Ecol. Biogeogr. Lett. , vol.10 , pp. 661-678
    • Thonicke, K.1    Venevski, S.2    Sitch, S.3
  • 149
    • 0003005996 scopus 로고
    • Fire, grazing, and the landscape heterogeneity of a Georgia barrier island
    • Springer, New York, NY, M.G. Turner (Ed.)
    • Turner M., Bratton S.P. Fire, grazing, and the landscape heterogeneity of a Georgia barrier island. Landscape Heterogeneity and Disturbance 1987, 85-101. Springer, New York, NY. M.G. Turner (Ed.).
    • (1987) Landscape Heterogeneity and Disturbance , pp. 85-101
    • Turner, M.1    Bratton, S.P.2
  • 150
    • 0024897596 scopus 로고
    • Landscape ecology: the effect of pattern on process
    • Turner M.G. Landscape ecology: the effect of pattern on process. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 1989, 20:171-197.
    • (1989) Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics , vol.20 , pp. 171-197
    • Turner, M.G.1
  • 151
    • 77957740234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disturbance and landscape dynamics in a changing world
    • Turner M.G. Disturbance and landscape dynamics in a changing world. Ecology 2010, 91:2833-2849.
    • (2010) Ecology , vol.91 , pp. 2833-2849
    • Turner, M.G.1
  • 153
    • 0024943958 scopus 로고
    • Predicting the spread of disturbance across heterogeneous landscapes
    • Turner M.G., Gardner R.H., Dale V.H., O'Neill R.V. Predicting the spread of disturbance across heterogeneous landscapes. Oikos 1989, 55:121-129.
    • (1989) Oikos , vol.55 , pp. 121-129
    • Turner, M.G.1    Gardner, R.H.2    Dale, V.H.3    O'Neill, R.V.4
  • 154
    • 0024929468 scopus 로고
    • Effects of changing spatial scale on the analysis of landscape pattern
    • Turner M.G., O'Neill R.V., Gardner R.H., et al. Effects of changing spatial scale on the analysis of landscape pattern. Landsc. Ecol. 1989, 3:153-162.
    • (1989) Landsc. Ecol. , vol.3 , pp. 153-162
    • Turner, M.G.1    O'Neill, R.V.2    Gardner, R.H.3
  • 155
    • 1642353852 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Landscape patterns of sapling density, leaf area and aboveground net primary production in post-fire lodgepole pine forests, Yellowstone National Park (USA)
    • Turner M.G., Tinker D.B., Romme W.H., et al. Landscape patterns of sapling density, leaf area and aboveground net primary production in post-fire lodgepole pine forests, Yellowstone National Park (USA). Ecosystems 2004, 7:751-775.
    • (2004) Ecosystems , vol.7 , pp. 751-775
    • Turner, M.G.1    Tinker, D.B.2    Romme, W.H.3
  • 156
    • 23644453492 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling ecological processes across scales
    • Urban D.L. Modeling ecological processes across scales. Ecology 2005, 86:1996-2006.
    • (2005) Ecology , vol.86 , pp. 1996-2006
    • Urban, D.L.1
  • 157
    • 80053903024 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The representative concentration pathways: an overview
    • Vuuren D., Edmonds J., Kainuma M., et al. The representative concentration pathways: an overview. Clim. Change 2011, 109:5-31.
    • (2011) Clim. Change , vol.109 , pp. 5-31
    • Vuuren, D.1    Edmonds, J.2    Kainuma, M.3
  • 159
    • 0002021774 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parameterization and sensitivity analysis of the Biome-BGC terrestrial ecosystem model: net primary production controls
    • White M.A., Thornton P.E., Running S.W., et al. Parameterization and sensitivity analysis of the Biome-BGC terrestrial ecosystem model: net primary production controls. Earth Interact. 2000, 4:1-85.
    • (2000) Earth Interact. , vol.4 , pp. 1-85
    • White, M.A.1    Thornton, P.E.2    Running, S.W.3
  • 160
    • 0031392279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A continental phenology model for monitoring vegetation responses to interannual climatic variability
    • White M.A., Thornton P.E., Running S.W. A continental phenology model for monitoring vegetation responses to interannual climatic variability. Global Biogeochem. Cycles 1997, 11:217-234.
    • (1997) Global Biogeochem. Cycles , vol.11 , pp. 217-234
    • White, M.A.1    Thornton, P.E.2    Running, S.W.3
  • 161
    • 78650750981 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forest responses to increasing aridity and warmth in the southwestern United States
    • Williams A.P., Allen C.D., Millar C.L., et al. Forest responses to increasing aridity and warmth in the southwestern United States. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2010, 107:21289-21294.
    • (2010) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. , vol.107 , pp. 21289-21294
    • Williams, A.P.1    Allen, C.D.2    Millar, C.L.3
  • 162
    • 80051771814 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forest biomass allometry in global land surface models
    • Wolf A., Ciais P., Bellassen V., et al. Forest biomass allometry in global land surface models. Global Biogeochem. Cycles 2011, 25:22-33.
    • (2011) Global Biogeochem. Cycles , vol.25 , pp. 22-33
    • Wolf, A.1    Ciais, P.2    Bellassen, V.3
  • 163
    • 84893747703 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Continuous change detection and classification of land cover using all available Landsat data
    • Zhu Z., Woodcock C.E. Continuous change detection and classification of land cover using all available Landsat data. Remote Sens. Environ. 2014, 144:152-171.
    • (2014) Remote Sens. Environ. , vol.144 , pp. 152-171
    • Zhu, Z.1    Woodcock, C.E.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.