Higher net acid excretion is associated with a lower risk of kidney disease progression in patients with diabetes

Kidney International

Volumn 91, Issue 1, 2017, Pages 204-215

  Scialla, Julia J ^a,b,c   Asplin, John ^d   Dobre, Mirela ^e   Chang, Alex R ^f   Lash, James ^g,o   Hsu, Chi yuan ^h,i   Kallem, Radhakrishna R ^j   Hamm, L Lee ^k   Feldman, Harold I ^j,o   Chen, Jing ^k   Appel, Lawrence J ^l,o   Anderson, Cheryl A M ^m   Wolf, Myles ⁿ   Go, Alan S ^o   He, Jiang ^o   Kusek, John W ^o   Ojo, Akinlolu ^o   Rahman, Mahboob ^o   Townsend, Raymond R ^o  

^a DUKE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b DUKE CLINICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (United States)

^c DURHAM VA MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^d LithoLink Corporation   (United States)

^e CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^f GEISINGER HEALTH SYSTEM   (United States)

^g UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS   (United States)

^h UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

ⁱ DIVISION OF RESEARCH   (United States)

^j UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA   (United States)

^k TULANE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^l JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^m UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

ⁿ NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^o NONE

more..

Author keywords

chronic kidney disease; diabetic nephropathy; nutrition

Indexed keywords

AMMONIA; BICARBONATE; CITRIC ACID; NITROGEN; POTASSIUM; SULFATE; UREA; ACID; AMMONIUM DERIVATIVE; BIOLOGICAL MARKER;

ACID SECRETION; ACIDITY; ADULT; ARTICLE; BICARBONATE BLOOD LEVEL; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIABETES MELLITUS; DIETARY INTAKE; DISEASE COURSE; END STAGE RENAL DISEASE; ESTIMATED GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE; FEMALE; FOOD FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE; HUMAN; KIDNEY DISEASE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; METABOLIC PARAMETERS; MIDDLE AGED; NET ACID EXCRETION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RISK; URINE LEVEL; URINE PH; ACIDOSIS; AGED; BLOOD; CHRONIC KIDNEY FAILURE; COMPARATIVE STUDY; COMPLICATION; FEEDING BEHAVIOR; FOLLOW UP; METABOLISM; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PROPORTIONAL HAZARDS MODEL; QUESTIONNAIRE; RISK FACTOR; UREA NITROGEN BLOOD LEVEL; URINARY EXCRETION; URINE;

ACIDOSIS; ACIDS; AGED; AMMONIUM COMPOUNDS; BICARBONATES; BIOMARKERS; BLOOD UREA NITROGEN; DIABETES MELLITUS; DISEASE PROGRESSION; FEEDING BEHAVIOR; FEMALE; FOLLOW-UP STUDIES; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; POTASSIUM; PROPORTIONAL HAZARDS MODELS; RENAL ELIMINATION; RENAL INSUFFICIENCY, CHRONIC; RISK FACTORS; SURVEYS AND QUESTIONNAIRES;

EID: 85006459161     PISSN: 00852538     EISSN: 15231755     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2016.09.012     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. 1 Dobre, M., Yang, W., Chen, J., et al. Association of serum bicarbonate with risk of renal and cardiovascular outcomes in CKD: a report from the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) study. Am J Kidney Dis 62 (2013), 670–678.
2. 2 Raphael, K.L., Wei, G., Baird, B.C., et al. Higher serum bicarbonate levels within the normal range are associated with better survival and renal outcomes in African Americans. Kidney Int 79 (2010), 356–362.
3. 3 Shah, S.N., Abramowitz, M., Hostetter, T.H., Melamed, M.L., Serum bicarbonate levels and the progression of kidney disease: a cohort study. Am J Kidney Dis 54 (2009), 270–277.
4. 4 de Brito-Ashurst, I., Varagunam, M., Raftery, M.J., Yaqoob, M.M., Bicarbonate supplementation slows progression of CKD and improves nutritional status. J Am Soc Nephrol 20 (2009), 2075–2084.
5. 5 Mahajan, A., Simoni, J., Sheather, S.J., et al. Daily oral sodium bicarbonate preserves glomerular filtration rate by slowing its decline in early hypertensive nephropathy. Kidney Int 78 (2010), 303–309.
6. 6 Scialla, J.J., The balance of the evidence on acid-base homeostasis and progression of chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int 88 (2015), 9–11.
7. 7 Scialla, J.J., Appel, L.J., Astor, B.C., et al. Net endogenous acid production is associated with a faster decline in GFR in African Americans. Kidney Int 82 (2012), 106–112.
8. 8 Banerjee, T., Crews, D.C., Wesson, D.E., et al. High dietary acid load predicts esrd among adults with CKD. J Am Soc Nephrol 26 (2015), 1693–1700.
9. 9 Goraya, N., Simoni, J., Jo, C., Wesson, D.E., Dietary acid reduction with fruits and vegetables or bicarbonate attenuates kidney injury in patients with a moderately reduced glomerular filtration rate due to hypertensive nephropathy. Kidney Int 81 (2012), 86–93.
10. 10 Cameron, M.A., Maalouf, N.M., Adams-Huet, B., et al. Urine Composition in Type 2 Diabetes: Predisposition to Uric Acid Nephrolithiasis. J Am Soc Nephrol 17 (2006), 1422–1428.
11. 11 Chan, J.C., Urinary organic anions: clinical significance and evaluation of a method for determination and preservation. Clin Biochem 5 (1972), 182–185.
12. 12 Lemann, J. Jr., Relman, A.S., The relation of sulfur metabolism to acid-base balance and electrolyte excretion: the effects of DL-methionine in normal man. J Clin Invest 38 (1959), 2215–2223.
13. 13 Lennon, E.J., Lemann, J. Jr., Influence of diet composition on endogenous fixed acid production. Am J Clin Nutr 21 (1968), 451–456.
14. 14 Remer, T., Influence of diet on acid-base balance. Semin Dial 13 (2000), 221–226.
15. 15 Scialla, J.J., Dietary acid load: a novel nutritional target in chronic kidney disease?. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis 20 (2013), 141–149.
16. 16 Schiess, W., Ayer, J., Lotspeich, W., Pitts, R., The renal regulation of acid-base balance in man. II. Factors affecting the excretion of titratable acid by the normal human subject. J Clin Invest 27 (1948), 57–64.
17. 17 Koeppen, B.M., The kidney and acid-base regulation. Adv Physiol Educ 33 (2009), 275–281.
18. 18 Hood, V.L., Tannen, R.L., Protection of acid-base balance by pH regulation of acid production. N Engl J Med 339 (1998), 819–826.
19. 19 Packer, R.K., Curry, C.A., Brown, K.M., Urinary organic anion excretion in response to dietary acid and base loading. J Am Soc Nephrol 5 (1995), 1624–1629.
20. 20 Frassetto, L.A., Lanham-New, S.A., Macdonald, H.M., et al. Standardizing terminology for estimating the diet-dependent net acid load to the metabolic system. J Nutr 137 (2007), 1491–1492.
21. 21 Moranne, O., Froissart, M., Rossert, J., et al. Timing of onset of CKD-related metabolic complications. J Am Soc Nephrol 20 (2009), 164–171.
22. 22 Goodman, A.D., Lemann, J. Jr., Lennon, E.J., Relman, A.S., Production, excretion, and net balance of fixed acid in patients with renal acidosis. J Clin Invest 44 (1965), 495–506.
23. 23 Vallet, M., Metzger, M., Haymann, J.P., et al. Urinary ammonia and long-term outcomes in chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int 88 (2015), 137–145.
24. 24 Wesson, D.E., Simoni, J., Broglio, K., Sheather, S., Acid retention accompanies reduced GFR in humans and increases plasma levels of endothelin and aldosterone. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 300 (2011), F830–F837.
25. 25 Lash, J.P., Go, A.S., Appel, L.J., et al. Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) Study: baseline characteristics and associations with kidney function. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 4 (2009), 1302–1311.
26. 26 Lennon, E.J., Lemann, J. Jr., Litzow, J.R., The effects of diet and stool composition on the net external acid balance of normal subjects. J Clin Invest 45 (1966), 1601–1607.
27. 27 Frassetto, L.A., Shi, L., Schloetter, M., et al. Established dietary estimates of net acid production do not predict measured net acid excretion in patients with Type 2 diabetes on Paleolithic-Hunter-Gatherer-type diets. Eur J Clin Nutr 67 (2013), 899–903.
28. 28 Navaneethan, S.D., Schold, J.D., Arrigain, S., et al. Serum bicarbonate and mortality in stage 3 and stage 4 chronic kidney disease. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 6 (2011), 2395–2402.
29. 29 Schutte, E., Lambers Heerspink, H.J., Lutgers, H.L., et al. Serum Bicarbonate and kidney disease progression and cardiovascular outcome in patients with diabetic nephropathy: a post hoc analysis of the RENAAL (Reduction of End Points in Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes With the Angiotensin II Antagonist Losartan) Study and IDNT (Irbesartan Diabetic Nephropathy Trial). Am J Kidney Dis 66 (2015), 450–458.
30. 30 Wilson, F.P., Xie, D., Anderson, A.H., et al. Urinary creatinine excretion, bioelectrical impedance analysis, and clinical outcomes in patients with ckd: the CRIC study. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 9 (2014), 2095–2103.
31. 31 Sharma, K., Karl, B., Mathew, A.V., et al. Metabolomics reveals signature of mitochondrial dysfunction in diabetic kidney disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 24 (2013), 1901–1912.
32. 32 Brown, J.C., Packer, R.K., Knepper, M.A., Role of organic anions in renal response to dietary acid and base loads. Am J Physiol 257 (1989), F170–F176.
33. 33 Simpson, D.P., Hager, S.R., pH and Bicarbonate effects on mitochondrial anion accumulation: proposed mechanism for changes in renal metabolite levels in acute acid-base disturbances. J Clin Invest 63 (1979), 704–712.
34. 34 Jenkins, A.D., Dousa, T.P., Smith, L.H., Transport of citrate across renal brush border membrane: effects of dietary acid and alkali loading. Am J Physiol 249 (1985), F590–F595.
35. 35 Simpson, D., Citrate excretion: a window on renal metabolism. Am J Physiol 244 (1983), 223–234.
36. 36 Melnick, J.Z., Srere, P.A., Elshourbagy, N.A., et al. Adenosine triphosphate citrate lyase mediates hypocitraturia in rats. J Clin Invest 98 (1996), 2381–2387.
37. 37 Chypre, M., Zaidi, N., Smans, K., ATP-citrate lyase: a mini-review. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 422 (2012), 1–4.
38. 38 Kang, H.M., Ahn, S.H., Choi, P., et al. Defective fatty acid oxidation in renal tubular epithelial cells has a key role in kidney fibrosis development. Nat Med 21 (2015), 37–46.
39. 39 Yi, J.-H., Shin, H.-J., Kim, S.-M., et al. Does the exposure of urine samples to air affect diagnostic tests for urine acidification. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 7 (2012), 1211–1216.
40. 40 Remer, T., Montenegro-Bethancourt, G., Shi, L., Long-term urine biobanking: storage stability of clinical chemical parameters under moderate freezing conditions without use of preservatives. Clin Biochem 47 (2014), 307–311.
41. 41 Schwartz, W.B., Bank, N., Cutler, R.W., The influence of urinary ionic strength on phosphate pK2′ and the determination of titratable acid. J Clin Invest 38 (1959), 347–356.
42. 42 Maalouf, N.M., Cameron, M.A., Moe, O.W., Sakhaee, K., Metabolic basis for low urine pH in type 2 diabetes. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 5 (2010), 1277–1281.
43. 43 Feldman, H.I., Appel, L.J., Chertow, G.M., et al. The Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) study: design and methods. J Am Soc Nephrol 14 (2003), S148–S153.
44. 44 He, J., Mills, K., Appel, L.J., et al. Urinary sodium and potassium excretion and CKD progression. J Am Soc Nephrol 27 (2016), 1202–1212.
45. 45 Isakova, T., Wahl, P., Vargas, G.S., et al. Fibroblast growth factor 23 is elevated before parathyroid hormone and phosphate in chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int 79 (2011), 1370–1378.
46. 46 Lemann, J. Jr., Adams, N.D., Wilz, D.R., Brenes, L.G., Acid and mineral balances and bone in familial proximal renal tubular acidosis. Kidney Int 58 (2000), 1267–1277.
47. 47 Kok, D.J., Poindexter, J., Pak, C.Y., Calculation of titratable acidity from urinary stone risk factors. Kidney Int 44 (1993), 120–126.
48. 48 Gamble, J., Carbonic acid and bicarbonate in urine. J Biol Chem 51 (1922), 295–310.
49. 49 Scialla, J.J., Appel, L.J., Wolf, M., et al. Plant protein intake is associated with fibroblast growth factor 23 and serum bicarbonate levels in patients with chronic kidney disease: the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort study. J Ren Nutr 22 (2012), 379–388.e1.
50. 50 Scialla, J.J., Appel, L.J., Astor, B.C., et al. Estimated net endogenous acid production and serum bicarbonate in African Americans with chronic kidney disease. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 6 (2011), 1526–1532.
51. 51 Yang, W., Xie, D., Anderson, A.H., et al. Association of kidney disease outcomes with risk factors for CKD: findings from the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) study. Am J Kidney Dis 63 (2014), 236–243.
52. 52 Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KIDGO) CKD Working Group. KDIGO 2012 Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Evaluation and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease. Kidney Int Suppl 3 (2013), 1–150.