Risk factors for suicidal thoughts and behaviors: A meta-analysis of 50 years of research

Psychological Bulletin

Volumn 143, Issue 2, 2017, Pages 187-232

  Franklin, Joseph C ^a,b,e   Ribeiro, Jessica D ^a,b,e   Fox, Kathryn R ^b   Bentley, Kate H ^c   Kleiman, Evan M ^b   Huang, Xieyining ^a,e   Musacchio, Katherine M ^a,e   Jaroszewski, Adam C ^b   Chang, Bernard P ^d   Nock, Matthew K ^b  

^a VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b HARVARD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c BOSTON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^d NewYork Presbyterian Hospital   (United States)

^e FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Meta analysis; Prediction; Risk factors; Suicidal behavior; Suicide

Indexed keywords

AGE; COGNITION; HUMAN; MENTAL DISORDERS; MENTAL STRESS; META ANALYSIS; PERSONALITY; PSYCHOLOGY; SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT; STATISTICS AND NUMERICAL DATA; SUICIDAL IDEATION; SUICIDE; SUICIDE ATTEMPT;

AGE FACTORS; COGNITION; HUMANS; MENTAL DISORDERS; PERSONALITY; SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT; STRESS, PSYCHOLOGICAL; SUICIDAL IDEATION; SUICIDE; SUICIDE, ATTEMPTED;

EID: 84995495684     PISSN: 00332909     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/bul0000084     Document Type: Article

References (409)

1. Abbar, M., Courtet, P., Bellivier, F., Leboyer, M., Boulenger, J. P., Castelhau, D., Buresi, C. (2001). Suicide attempts and the tryptophan hydroxylase gene. Molecular Psychiatry, 6, 268-273. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1038/sj.mp.4000846
2. Adam, K. S., Isherwood, J., Taylor, G., Scarr, G., & Streiner, D. L. (1981). Attempted suicide in Christchurch: Three-year follow-up of 195 patients. The New Zealand Medical Journal, 93, 376-381.
3. Adam, K. S., Valentine, J., Scarr, G., & Streiner, D. (1983). Follow-up of attempted suicide in Christchurch. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 17, 18-25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/0004867830 9159982
4. Addington, J., Williams, J., Young, J., & Addington, D. (2004). Suicidal behaviour in early psychosis. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 109, 116-120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.0001-690X.2003.00232.x
5. Agerbo, E. (2005). Midlife suicide risk, partner's psychiatric illness, spouse and child bereavement by suicide or other modes of death: A gender specific study. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 59, 407-412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech.2004.024950
6. Akechi, T., Iwasaki, M., Uchitomi, Y., & Tsugane, S. (2006). Alcohol consumption and suicide among middle-aged men in Japan. British Journal of Psychiatry, 188, 231-236.
7. Alati, R., Gunnell, D., Najman, J., Williams, G., & Lawlor, D. (2009). Is IQ in childhood associated with suicidal thoughts and attempts? Findings from the Mater University Study of Pregnancy and its outcomes. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 39, 282-293. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1521/suli.2009.39.3.282
8. Allgulander, C., Allebeck, P., Przybeck, T. R., & Rice, J. P. (1992). Risk of suicide by psychiatric diagnosis in Stockholm County: A longitudinal study of 80,970 psychiatric inpatients. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 241, 323-326. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/ BF02195984
9. Alonso, P., Segalàs, C., Real, E., Pertusa, A., Labad, J., Jiménez-Murcia, S., Menchón, J. M. (2010). Suicide in patients treated for obsessivecompulsive disorder: A prospective follow-up study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 124, 300-308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2009.12.001
10. Altamura, A. C., Dell'Osso, B., Berlin, H. A., Buoli, M., Bassetti, R., & Mundo, E. (2010). Duration of untreated illness and suicide in bipolar disorder: A naturalistic study. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 260, 385-391. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00406-009-0085-2
11. American Association of Suicidology. (2015, December 1). Warning signs and risk factors. Retrieved from http://www.suicidology.org/ncpys/ warning-signs-risk-factors
12. American Foundation for Suicide Prevention. (2015, December 1). Suicide risk factors and warning signs. Retrieved from https://www.afsp.org/ understanding-suicide/suicide-risk-factors
13. Anderson, H. D. (2011). Suicide ideation, depressive symptoms, and out-of-home placement among youth in the U.S. Child Welfare system. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 40, 790-796. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2011.614588
14. Angst, J., & Clayton, P. J. (1998). Personality, smoking and suicide: A prospective study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 51, 55-62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0165-0327(98)00156-6
15. Arnetz, B. B., Hörte, L. G., Hedberg, A., Theorell, T., Allander, E., & Malker, H. (1987). Suicide patterns among physicians related to other academics as well as to the general population. Results from a national long-term prospective study and a retrospective study. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 75, 139-143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.1987.tb02765.x
16. Asberg, M., Träskman, L., & Thorén, P. (1976). 5-HIAA in the cerebrospinal fluid. A biochemical suicide predictor? Archives of General Psychiatry, 33, 1193-1197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1976.01770100055005
17. Bakken, K., & Vaglum, P. (2007). Predictors of suicide attempters in substance-dependent patients: A six-year prospective follow-up. Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health, 3, 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1745-0179-3-20
18. Batty, G. D., Kivimaki, M., Park, I. S., & Jee, S. H. (2012). Diabetes and raised blood glucose as risk factors for future suicide: Cohort study of 1 234 927 Korean men and women. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 66, 650 - 652. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2011-200464
19. Baumeister, R. F. (1990). Suicide as escape from self. Psychological Review, 97, 90-113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.97.1.90
20. Baumert, J., Schneider, B., Lukaschek, K., Emeny, R. T., Meisinger, C., Erazo, N., Ladwig, K. H. (2014). Adverse conditions at the workplace are associated with increased suicide risk. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 57, 90-95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.06.007
21. Beautrais, A. L. (2003). Subsequent mortality in medically serious suicide attempts: A 5 year follow-up. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 37, 595-599. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1614.2003.01236.x
22. Beautrais, A. L. (2004). Further suicidal behavior among medically serious suicide attempters. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 34, 1-11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/suli.34.1.1.27772
23. Beck, A. T., Brown, G., & Steer, R. A. (1989). Prediction of eventual suicide in psychiatric inpatients by clinical ratings of hopelessness. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 57, 309-310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.57.2.309
24. Beck, A. T., & Steer, R. A. (1989). Clinical predictors of eventual suicide: A 5- to 10-year prospective study of suicide attempters. Journal of Affective Disorders, 17, 203-209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-0327(89)90001-3
25. Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., Kovacs, M., & Garrison, B. (1985). Hopelessness and eventual suicide: A 10-year prospective study of patients hospitalized with suicidal ideation. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 142, 559-563. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/ajp.142.5.559
26. Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., & Trexler, L. D. (1989). Alcohol abuse and eventual suicide: A 5- to 10-year prospective study of alcohol-abusing suicide attempters. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 50, 202-209. http:// dx.doi.org/10.15288/jsa.1989.50.202
27. Bellivier, F., Szöke, A., Henry, C., Lacoste, J., Bottos, C., Nosten-Bertrand, M., Leboyer, M. (2000). Possible association between serotonin transporter gene polymorphism and violent suicidal behavior in mood disorders. Biological Psychiatry, 48, 319-322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3223(00)00891-X
28. Bergen, H., Hawton, K., Kapur, N., Cooper, J., Steeg, S., Ness, J., & Waters, K. (2012). Shared characteristics of suicides and other unnatural deaths following non-fatal self-harm? A multicentre study of risk factors. Psychological Medicine, 42, 727-741. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ S0033291711001747
29. Bergen, H., Hawton, K., Waters, K., Ness, J., Cooper, J., Steeg, S., & Kapur, N. (2012). How do methods of non-fatal self-harm relate to eventual suicide? Journal of Affective Disorders, 136, 526-533. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2011.10.036
30. Berglund, M. (1984). Suicide in alcoholism. A prospective study of 88 suicides: I. The multidimensional diagnosis at first admission. Archives of General Psychiatry, 41, 888-891. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1984.01790200070009
31. Berglund, M., & Nilsson, K. (1987). Mortality in severe depression: A prospective study including 103 suicides. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 76, 372-380. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.1987.tb05621.x
32. Bernert, R. A., Turvey, C. L., Conwell, Y., & Joiner, T. E., Jr. (2014). Association of poor subjective sleep quality with risk for death by suicide during a 10-year period: A longitudinal, population-based study of late life. JAMA Psychiatry, 71, 1129-1137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/ jamapsychiatry.2014.1126
33. Bhaskaran, J., Wang, Y., Roos, L., Sareen, J., Skakum, K., & Bolton, J. M. (2014). Method of suicide attempt and reaction to survival as predictors of repeat suicide attempts: A longitudinal analysis. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 75, e802- e808. http://dx.doi.org/10.4088/JCP.13m08879
34. Black, D. W., Monahan, P. O., & Winokur, G. (2002). The relationship between DST results and suicidal behavior. Annals of Clinical Psychiatry, 14, 83-88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10401230209149094
35. Black, D. W., Winokur, G., & Nasrallah, A. (1988). Effect of psychosis on suicide risk in 1,593 patients with unipolar and bipolar affective disorders. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 145, 849-852. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/ajp.145.7.849
36. Blumenthal, S., Bell, V., Neumann, N. U., Schüttler, R., & Vogel, R. (1989). Mortality and rate of suicide of first admission psychiatric patients. A 5-year follow-up of a prospective longitudinal study. Psychopathology, 22, 50-56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000284579
37. Bohman, H., Jonsson, U., Päären, A., von Knorring, L., Olsson, G., & von Knorring, A. L. (2012). Prognostic significance of functional somatic symptoms in adolescence: A 15-year community-based follow-up study of adolescents with depression compared with healthy peers. BMC Psychiatry, 12, 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-244X-12-90
38. Bolton, J. M., Pagura, J., Enns, M. W., Grant, B., & Sareen, J. (2010). A population-based longitudinal study of risk factors for suicide attempts in major depressive disorder. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 44, 817-826. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2010.01.003
39. Borenstein, M., Hedges, L., Higgin, J., & Rothstein, H. (2009). Introduction to meta-analysis. Hoboken, NJ: John Wily & Sons, Ltd. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470743386
40. Borenstein, M., Hedges, L., Higgins, J., & Rothstein, H. (2014). Comprehensive meta-analysis, Version 3. Englewood, NJ: Biostat.
41. Borges, G., Angst, J., Nock, M. K., Ruscio, A. M., & Kessler, R. C. (2008). Risk factors for the incidence and persistence of suicide-related outcomes: A 10-year follow-up study using the National Comorbidity Surveys. Journal of Affective Disorders, 105, 25-33. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.jad.2007.01.036
42. Bostwick, J. M., & Pankratz, V. S. (2000). Affective disorders and suicide risk: A reexamination. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 157, 1925-1932. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.157.12.1925
43. Bovasso, G. B. (2001). Cannabis abuse as a risk factor for depressive symptoms. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 158, 2033-2037. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.158.12.2033
44. Brådvik, L., & Berglund, M. (2009). Repetition and severity of suicide attempts across the life cycle: A comparison by age group between suicide victims and controls with severe depression. BMC Psychiatry, 9, 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-244X-9-62
45. Brådvik, L., & Berglund, M. (2011). Repetition of suicide attempts across episodes of severe depression. Behavioural sensitisation found in suicide group but not in controls. BMC Psychiatry, 11, 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-244X-11-5
46. Brent, D. A., Moritz, G., Bridge, J., Perper, J., & Canobbio, R. (1996). Long-term impact of exposure to suicide: A three-year controlled follow- up. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 35, 646-653. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004583-199605000-00020
47. Breslau, N., & Davis, G. C. (1993). Migraine, physical health and psychiatric disorder: A prospective epidemiologic study in young adults. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 27, 211-221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-3956(93)90009-Q
48. Breslau, N., Schultz, L., Lipton, R., Peterson, E., & Welch, K. M. A. (2012). Migraine headaches and suicide attempt. Headache, 52, 723-731. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-4610.2012.02117.x
49. Brière, F. N., Rohde, P., Seeley, J. R., Klein, D., & Lewinsohn, P. M. (2015). Adolescent suicide attempts and adult adjustment. Depression and Anxiety, 32, 270-276. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/da.22296
50. Britton, P. C., & Conner, K. R. (2010). Suicide attempts within 12 months of treatment for substance use disorders. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 40, 14-21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/suli.2010.40.1.14
51. Britton, P. C., Ilgen, M. A., Rudd, M. D., & Conner, K. R. (2012). Warning signs for suicide within a week of healthcare contact in Veteran decedents. Psychiatry Research, 200(2-3), 395-399. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.psychres.2012.06.036
52. Bronisch, T., & Hecht, H. (1992). Prospective long-term follow-up of depressed patients with and without suicide attempts. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 242, 13-19. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1007/BF02190337
53. Bronisch, T., Höfler, M., & Lieb, R. (2008). Smoking predicts suicidality: Findings from a prospective community study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 108, 135-145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2007.10.010
54. Bronisch, T., Schwender, L., Höfler, M., Wittchen, H. U., & Lieb, R. (2005). Mania, hypomania, and suicidality: Findings from a prospective community study. Archives of Suicide Research, 9, 267-278. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13811110590929460
55. Brown, G. K., Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., & Grisham, J. R. (2000). Risk factors for suicide in psychiatric outpatients: A 20-year prospective study. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68, 371-377. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.68.3.371
56. Brown, G. K., & Jager-Hyman, S. (2014). Evidence-based psychotherapies for suicide prevention: Future directions. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 47, S186-S194. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2014.06.008
57. Brown, G. K., Steer, R. A., Henriques, G. R., & Beck, A. T. (2005). The internal struggle between the wish to die and the wish to live: A risk factor for suicide. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 162, 1977-1979. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.162.10.1977
58. Bryan, C. J., Rudd, M. D., Wertenberger, E., Young-McCaughon, S., & Peterson, A. (2015). Nonsuicidal self-injury as a prospective predictor of suicide attempts in a clinical sample of military personnel. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 59, 1-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2014.07.009
59. Buglass, D., & McCulloch, J. W. (1970). Further suicidal behaviour: The development and validation of predictive scales. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 116, 483-491. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.116.534.483
60. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2015, December 1). Suicide: Risk and protective factors. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/suicide/riskprotectivefactors.html
61. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control. (2014). Web-based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System (WISQARS) [online]. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/ncipc/wisqars. Accessed February 5, 2015.
62. Cha, C. B., Najmi, S., Park, J. M., Finn, C. T., & Nock, M. K. (2010). Attentional bias toward suicide-related stimuli predicts suicidal behavior. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 119, 616-622. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1037/a0019710
63. Chan, L. F., Shamsul, A. S., & Maniam, T. (2014). Are predictors of future suicide attempts and the transition from suicidal ideation to suicide attempts shared or distinct: A 12-month prospective study among patients with depressive disorders. Psychiatry Research, 220, 867-873. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2014.08.055
64. Chang, J. C., Chen, H. H., Yen, A. M. F., Chen, S. L. S., & Lee, C. S. (2012). Survival of bipolar depression, other type of depression and comorbid ailments: Ten-year longitudinal follow-up of 10,922 Taiwanese patients with depressive disorders (KCIS no. PSY1). Journal of Psychiatric Research, 46, 1442-1448. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2012.07.014
65. Chartrand, H., Robinson, J., & Bolton, J. M. (2012). A longitudinal population-based study exploring treatment utilization and suicidal ideation and behavior in major depressive disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders, 141(2-3), 237-245. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2012.03.040
66. Chatzittofis, A., Nordström, P., Hellström, C., Arver, S., Åsberg, M., & Jokinen, J. (2013). CSF 5-HIAA, cortisol and DHEAS levels in suicide attempters. European Neuropsychopharmacology, 23, 1280-1287. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2013.02.002
67. Chen, W. J., Shyu, S. S., Lin, G. G., Chen, C. C., Ho, C. K., Lee, M. B., & Chou, F. H. C. (2013). The predictors of suicidality in previous suicide attempters following case management services. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 43, 469-478.
68. Chong, S. A., Lee, W. L., Tan, C. H., Tay, A. H., Chan, A. O., & Tan, E. C. (2000). Attempted suicide and polymorphism of the serotonin transporter gene in Chinese patients with schizophrenia. Psychiatry Research, 97(2-3), 101-106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0165-1781(00)00229-8
69. Chronis-Tuscano, A., Molina, B. S., Pelham, W. E., Applegate, B., Dahlke, A., Overmyer, M., & Lahey, B. B. (2010). Very early predictors of adolescent depression and suicide attempts in children with attention- deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry, 67, 1044-1051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.127
70. Clark, D. B. (2003). Serum tryptophan ratio and suicidal behavior in adolescents: A prospective study. Psychiatry Research, 119, 199-204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0165-1781(03)00104-5
71. Clark, D. C., Gibbons, R. D., Fawcett, J., & Scheftner, W. A. (1989). What is the mechanism by which suicide attempts predispose to later suicide attempts? A mathematical model. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 98, 42-49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.98.1.42
72. Clarke, D. E., Eaton, W. W., Petronis, K. R., Ko, J. Y., Chatterjee, A., & Anthony, J. C. (2010). Increased risk of suicidal ideation in smokers and former smokers compared to never smokers: Evidence from the Baltimore ECA follow-up study. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 40, 307-318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/suli.2010.40.4.307
73. Cohen, A., Chapman, B. P., Gilman, S. E., Delmerico, A. M., Wieczorek, W., Duberstein, P. R., & Lyness, J. M. (2010). Social inequalities in the occurrence of suicidal ideation among older primary care patients. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 18, 1146-1154. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/JGP.0b013e3181dd1e55
74. Cohen, L. J., Test, M. A., & Brown, R. L. (1990). Suicide and schizophrenia: Data from a prospective community treatment study. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 147, 602-607.
75. Conner, K. R., McCarthy, M. D., Bajorska, A., Caine, E. D., Tu, X. M., & Knox, K. L. (2012). Mood, anxiety, and substance-use disorders and suicide risk in a military population cohort. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 42, 699-708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1943-278X.2012.00125.x
76. Coryell, W. (1990). DST abnormality as a predictor of course in major depression. Journal of Affective Disorders, 19, 163-169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-0327(90)90086-N
77. Coryell, W., & Schlesser, M. A. (1981). Suicide and the dexamethasone suppression test in unipolar depression. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 138, 1120-1121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/ajp.138.8.1120
78. Coryell, W., & Schlesser, M. (2001). The dexamethasone suppression test and suicide prediction. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 158, 748-753. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.158.5.748
79. Coryell, W., & Schlesser, M. (2007). Combined biological tests for suicide prediction. Psychiatry Research, 150, 187-191. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.psychres.2006.01.021
80. Cougle, J. R., Resnick, H., & Kilpatrick, D. G. (2009). PTSD, depression, and their comorbidity in relation to suicidality: Cross-sectional and prospective analyses of a national probability sample of women. Depression and Anxiety, 26, 1151-1157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/da.20621
81. Courtet, P., Baud, P., Abbar, M., Boulenger, J. P., Castelnau, D., Mouthon, D., Buresi, C. (2001). Association between violent suicidal behavior and the low activity allele of the serotonin transporter gene. Molecular Psychiatry, 6, 338-341. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.mp.4000856
82. Courtet, P., Picot, M. C., Bellivier, F., Torres, S., Jollant, F., Michelon, C., Malafosse, A. (2004). Serotonin transporter gene may be involved in short-term risk of subsequent suicide attempts. Biological Psychiatry, 55, 46-51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2003.07.004
83. Cox, L. J., Stanley, B. H., Melhem, N. M., Oquendo, M. A., Birmaher, B., Burke, A., Brent, D. A. (2012). A longitudinal study of nonsuicidal self-injury in offspring at high risk for mood disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 73, 812-828.
84. Crandall, C., Fullerton-Gleason, L., Aguero, R., & LaValley, J. (2006). Subsequent suicide mortality among emergency department patients seen for suicidal behavior. Academic Emergency Medicine, 13, 435-442. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1553-2712.2006.tb00322.x
85. Crawford, J., Sutherland, G. R., & Goldney, R. D. (2000). No evidence for association of 5-HT2A receptor polymorphism with suicide. American Journal of Medical Genetics, 96, 879-880. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ 1096-8628(20001204)96:6879::AID-AJMG393.0.CO;2-M
86. Crosby, A., Gfroerer, J., Han, B., Ortega, L., & Parks, S. E. (2011). Suicidal thoughts and behaviors among adults aged 18 Years-United States, 2008-2009. Washington, DC: US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
87. Crow, S. J., Peterson, C. B., Swanson, S. A., Raymond, N. C., Specker, S., Eckert, E. D., & Mitchell, J. E. (2009). Increased mortality in bulimia nervosa and other eating disorders. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 166, 1342-1346. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2009.09020247
88. Cullberg, J., Wasserman, D., & Stefansson, C. G. (1988). Who commits suicide after a suicide attempt? An 8 to 10 year follow up in a suburban catchment area. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 77, 598-603. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.1988.tb05173.x
89. Czyz, E. K., Berona, J., & King, C. A. (2015). A prospective examination of the interpersonal-psychological theory of suicidal behavior among psychiatric adolescent inpatients. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 45, 243-259. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/sltb.12125
90. Dahlsgaard, K. K., Beck, A. T., & Brown, G. K. (1998). Inadequate response to therapy as a predictor of suicide. Suicide and Life- Threatening Behavior, 28, 197-204.
91. Darke, S., Williamson, A., Ross, J., & Teesson, M. (2005). Attempted suicide among heroin users: 12-month outcomes from the Australian Treatment Outcome Study (ATOS). Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 78, 177-186. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2004.10.009
92. De Leo, D., Padoani, W., Lonnqvist, J., Kerkhof, A. J., Bille-Brahe, U., Michel, K., Scocco, P. (2002). Repetition of suicidal behaviour in elderly Europeans: A prospective longitudinal study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 72, 291-295. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0165-0327(01) 00454-2
93. Delgado-Gomez, D., Blasco-Fontecilla, H., Sukno, F., Romas-Plascenia, M. S., & Baca-Garcia, E. (2012). Suicide attempters classification: Toward predictive models of suicidal behavior. Neurocomputing, 92, 3-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neucom.2011.08.033
94. Desai, R. A., Dausey, D. J., & Rosenheck, R. A. (2005). Mental health service delivery and suicide risk: The role of individual patient and facility factors. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 162, 311-318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.162.2.311
95. Dieserud, G., Røysamb, E., Braverman, M. T., Dalgard, O. S., & Ekeberg, Ø. (2003). Predicting repetition of suicide attempt: A prospective study of 50 suicide attempters. Archives of Suicide Research, 7, 1-15. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1080/13811110301571
96. Du, L., Bakish, D., Lapierre, Y. D., Ravindran, A. V., & Hrdina, P. D. (2000). Association of polymorphism of serotonin 2A receptor gene with suicidal ideation in major depressive disorder. American Journal of Medical Genetics, 96, 56-60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-8628(20000207)96:156::AID-AJMG123.0.CO;2-L
97. Du, L., Faludi, G., Palkovits, M., Demeter, E., Bakish, D., Lapierre, Y. D., Hrdina, P. D. (1999). Frequency of long allele in serotonin transporter gene is increased in depressed suicide victims. Biological Psychiatry, 46, 196-201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0006-3223(98)00376-x
98. Dugas, E., Low, N. C., Rodriguez, D., Burrows, S., Contreras, G., Chaiton, M., & O'Loughlin, J. (2012). Early predictors of suicidal ideation in young adults. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry / La Revue canadienne de psychiatrie, 57, 429-436.
99. Durkheim, E. (1897). [Suicide: A Study in Sociology]. Le suicide: étude de sociologie. Paris, France: F. Alcan.
100. Ekeberg, O., Ellingsen, O., & Jacobsen, D. (1991). Suicide and other causes of death in a five-year follow-up of patients treated for selfpoisoning in Oslo. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 83, 432-437. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.1991.tb05570.x
101. Ellison, L. F., & Morrison, H. I. (2001). Low serum cholesterol concentration and risk of suicide. Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.), 12, 168-172. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001648-200103000-00007
102. Elovainio, M., Shipley, M. J., Ferrie, J. E., Gimeno, D., Vahtera, J., Marmot, M. G., & Kivimäki, M. (2009). Obesity, unexplained weight loss and suicide: The original Whitehall study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 116, 218-221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2008.12.002
103. Engström, G., Alling, C., Blennow, K., Regnéll, G., & Träskman-Bendz, L. (1999). Reduced cerebrospinal HVA concentrations and HVA/5- HIAA ratios in suicide attempters. Monoamine metabolites in 120 suicide attempters and 47 controls. European Neuropsychopharmacology, 9, 399-405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0924-977X(99)00016-4
104. Erlangsen, A., Vach, W., & Jeune, B. (2005). The effect of hospitalization with medical illnesses on the suicide risk in the oldest old: A populationbased register study. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 53, 771-776. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2005.53256.x
105. Ernst, C., Angst, J., & Földényi, M. (1993). The Zurich Study. XVII. Sexual abuse in childhood. Frequency and relevance for adult morbidity data of a longitudinal epidemiological study. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 242, 293-300. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1007/BF02190389
106. Fawcett, J., Scheftner, W. A., Fogg, L., Clark, D. C., Young, M. A., Hedeker, D., & Gibbons, R. (1990). Time-related predictors of suicide in major affective disorder. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 147, 1189-1194. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/ajp.147.9.1189
107. Fenton, W. S., McGlashan, T. H., Victor, B. J., & Blyler, C. R. (1997). Symptoms, subtype, and suicidality in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 154, 199-204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/ajp.154.2.199
108. Fiedorowicz, J. G., & Coryell, W. H. (2007). Cholesterol and suicide attempts: A prospective study of depressed inpatients. Psychiatry Research, 152, 11-20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2006.09.003
109. Fiedorowicz, J. G., Leon, A. C., Keller, M. B., Solomon, D. A., Rice, J. P., & Coryell, W. H. (2009). Do risk factors for suicidal behavior differ by affective disorder polarity? Psychological Medicine, 39, 763-771. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0033291708004078
110. Fiedorowicz, J. G., Mills, J. A., Ruggle, A., Langbehn, D., Paulsen, J. S., & the PREDICT-HD Investigators of the Huntington Study Group. (2011). Suicidal behavior in prodromal Huntington disease. Neurodegenerative Diseases, 8, 483-490. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000327754
111. Flensborg-Madsen, T., Knop, J., Mortensen, E. L., Becker, U., Sher, L., & Grønbaek, M. (2009). Alcohol use disorders increase the risk of completed suicide-Irrespective of other psychiatric disorders. A longitudinal cohort study. Psychiatry Research, 167, 123-130. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.psychres.2008.01.008
112. Franklin, J. C., Fox, K. R., Franklin, C. R., Kleiman, E. M., Ribeiro, J. D., Jaroszewski, A. C., Nock, M. K. (2016). A brief mobile app reduces nonsuicidal and suicidal self-injury: Evidence from three randomized controlled trials. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 84, 544-557. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000093
113. Franko, D. L., Keel, P. K., Dorer, D. J., Blais, M. A., Delinsky, S. S., Eddy, K. T., Herzog, D. B. (2004). What predicts suicide attempts in women with eating disorders? Psychological Medicine, 34, 843-853. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0033291703001545
114. Fujino, Y., Mizoue, T., Tokui, N., & Yoshimura, T. (2005). Prospective cohort study of stress, life satisfaction, self-rated health, insomnia, and suicide death in Japan. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 35, 227-237. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/suli.35.2.227.62876
115. Gallagher, M., Prinstein, M. J., Simon, V., & Spirito, A. (2014). Social anxiety symptoms and suicidal ideation in a clinical sample of early adolescents: Examining loneliness and social support as longitudinal mediators. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 42, 871-883. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10802-013-9844-7
116. Garcia-Amador, M., Colom, F., Valenti, M., Horga, G., & Vieta, E. (2009). Suicide risk in rapid cycling bipolar patients. Journal of Affective Disorders, 117, 74-78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2008.12.005
117. Garrison, C. Z., Addy, C. L., Jackson, K. L., McKeown, R. E., & Waller, J. L. (1991). A longitudinal study of suicidal ideation in young adolescents. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 30, 597-603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004583-199107000-00011
118. Gibb, S. J., Beautrais, A. L., & Fergusson, D. M. (2005). Mortality and further suicidal behaviour after an index suicide attempt: A 10-year study. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 39, 95-100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/j.1440-1614.2005.01514.x
119. Giltay, E. J., Zitman, F. G., Menotti, A., Nissinen, A., Jacobs, D. R., Jr., Adachi, H., the Seven Countries Study Group. (2010). Respiratory function and other biological risk factors for completed suicide: 40 years of follow-up of European cohorts of the Seven Countries Study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 120, 249-253. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2009.03.022
120. Gissler, M., Hemminki, E., & Lönnqvist, J. (1996). Suicides after pregnancy in Finland, 1987-94: Register linkage study. BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.), 313, 1431-1434. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.313.7070.1431
121. Glenn, C. R., Franklin, J. C., & Nock, M. K. (2015). Evidence-based psychosocial treatments for self-injurious thoughts and behaviors in youth. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 44, 1-29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2014.945211
122. Goldney, R., Winefield, A., Saebel, J., Winefield, H., & Tiggeman, M. (1997). Anger, suicidal ideation, and attempted suicide: A prospective study. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 38, 264-268. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0010-440X(97)90058-4
123. Goldstein, R. B., Black, D. W., Nasrallah, A., & Winokur, G. (1991). The prediction of suicide. Sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value of a multivariate model applied to suicide among 1906 patients with affective disorders. Archives of General Psychiatry, 48, 418-422. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1991.01810290030004
124. Goldstein, T. R., Ha, W., Axelson, D. A., Goldstein, B. I., Liao, F., Gill, M. K., Birmaher, B. (2012). Predictors of prospectively examined suicide attempts among youth with bipolar disorder. JAMA Psychiatry, 69, 1113-1122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2012.650
125. Goldston, D. B., Daniel, S. S., Erkanli, A., Reboussin, B. A., Mayfield, A., Frazier, P. H., & Treadway, S. L. (2009). Psychiatric diagnoses as contemporaneous risk factors for suicide attempts among adolescents and young adults: Developmental changes. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 77, 281-290. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0014732
126. Goldston, D. B., Kovacs, M., Ho, V. Y., Parrone, P. L., & Stiffler, L. (1994). Suicidal ideation and suicide attempts among youth with insulindependent diabetes mellitus. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 33, 240-246. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ 00004583-199402000-00013
127. Goodwin, R. D., & Eaton, W. W. (2005). Asthma, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempts: Findings from the Baltimore epidemiologic catchment area follow-up. American Journal of Public Health, 95, 717-722. http:// dx.doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2003.019109
128. Gorwood, P., Batel, P., Adès, J., Hamon, M., & Boni, C. (2000). Serotonin transporter gene polymorphisms, alcoholism, and suicidal behavior. Biological Psychiatry, 48, 259-264. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3223(00)00840-4
129. Gradus, J. L., Qin, P., Lincoln, A. K., Miller, M., Lawler, E., Sørensen, H. T., & Lash, T. L. (2012). Sexual victimization and completed suicide among Danish female adults. Violence Against Women, 18, 552-561. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077801212453141
130. Graves, P. L., & Thomas, C. B. (1991). Habits of nervous tension and suicide. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 21, 91-105.
131. Greer, S., & Bagley, C. (1971). Effect of psychiatric intervention in attempted suicide: A controlled study. British Medical Journal, 1, 310-312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.1.5744.310
132. Grunebaum, M. F., Galfalvy, H. C., Mortenson, L. Y., Burke, A. K., Oquendo, M. A., & Mann, J. J. (2010). Attachment and social adjustment: Relationships to suicide attempt and major depressive episode in a prospective study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 123, 123-130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2009.09.010
133. Hakko, H., Wahlberg, K. E., Tienari, P., & Räsänen, S. (2011). Genetic vulnerability and premature death in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: A 28-year follow-up of adoptees in the Finnish Adoptive Family Study of Schizophrenia. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 65, 259-265. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/08039488.2010.540039
134. Hall, D. J., O'Brien, F., Stark, C., Pelosi, A., & Smith, H. (1998). Thirteen-year follow-up of deliberate self-harm, using linked data. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 172, 239-242. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/ bjp.172.3.239
135. Handley, T. E., Hiles, S. A., Inder, K. J., Kay-Lambkin, F. J., Kelly, B. J., Lewin, T. J., Attia, J. R. (2014). Predictors of suicidal ideation in older people: A decision tree analysis. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 22, 1325-1335. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jagp.2013.05.009
136. Handley, T. E., Inder, K. J., Kelly, B. J., Attia, J. R., Lewin, T. J., Fitzgerald, M. N., & Kay-Lambkin, F. J. (2012). You've got to have friends: The predictive value of social integration and support in suicidal ideation among rural communities. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 47, 1281-1290. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00127-011-0436-y
137. Hawton, K., & Harriss, L. (2006). Deliberate self-harm in people aged 60 years and over: Characteristics and outcome of a 20-year cohort. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 21, 572-581. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1002/gps.1526
138. Hayashi, N., Igarashi, M., Imai, A., Yoshizawa, Y., Utsumi, K., Ishikawa, Y., Okazaki, Y. (2012). Post-hospitalization course and predictive signs of suicidal behavior of suicidal patients admitted to a psychiatric hospital: A 2-year prospective follow-up study. BMC Psychiatry, 12, 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-244X-12-186
139. Hemenway, D., Solnick, S. J., & Colditz, G. A. (1993). Smoking and suicide among nurses. American Journal of Public Health, 83, 249-251. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.83.2.249
140. Henriksen, C. A., Mather, A. A., Mackenzie, C. S., Bienvenu, O. J., & Sareen, J. (2014). Longitudinal associations of obesity with affective disorders and suicidality in the Baltimore epidemiologic catchment area follow-up study. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 202, 379-385. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/NMD.0000000000000135
141. Herba, C. M., Ferdinand, R. F., van der Ende, J., & Verhulst, F. C. (2007). Long-term associations of childhood suicide ideation. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 46, 1473-1481. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/chi.0b013e318149e66f
142. Higgins, J. P., Thompson, S. G., Deeks, J. J., & Altman, D. G. (2003). Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses. British Medical Journal, 327, 557-560. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.327.7414.557
143. Hills, A. L., Afifi, T. O., Cox, B. J., Bienvenu, O. J., & Sareen, J. (2009). Externalizing psychopathology and risk for suicide attempt: Crosssectional and longitudinal findings from the Baltimore Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 197, 293-297. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/NMD.0b013e3181a206e0
144. Hinshaw, S. P., Owens, E. B., Zalecki, C., Huggins, S. P., Montenegro-Nevado, A. J., Schrodek, E., & Swanson, E. N. (2012). Prospective follow-up of girls with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder into early adulthood: Continuing impairment includes elevated risk for suicide attempts and self-injury. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 80, 1041-1051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0029451
145. Hjelmeland, H. (1996). Verbally expressed intentions of parasuicide: II. Prediction of fatal and nonfatal repetition. Crisis: The Journal of Crisis Intervention and Suicide Prevention, 17, 10-14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910.17.1.10
146. Hjelmeland, H., Stiles, T. C., Bille-Brahe, U., Ostamo, A., Renberg, E. S., & Wasserman, D. (1998). Parasuicide: The value of suicidal intent and various motives as predictors of future suicidal behaviour. Archives of Suicide Research, 4, 209-225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1381111 9808258297
147. Hjern, A., & Allebeck, P. (2002). Suicide in first- and second-generation immigrants in Sweden: A comparative study. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 37, 423-429. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/ s00127-002-0564-5
148. Holma, K. M., Haukka, J., Suominen, K., Valtonen, H. M., Mantere, O., Melartin, T. K., Isometsä, E. T. (2014). Differences in incidence of suicide attempts between bipolar I and II disorders and major depressive disorder. Bipolar Disorders, 16, 652-661. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bdi.12195
149. Holma, K. M., Melartin, T. K., Haukka, J., Holma, I. A. K., Sokero, T. P., & Isometsä, E. T. (2010). Incidence and predictors of suicide attempts in DSM-IV major depressive disorder: A five-year prospective study. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 167, 801-808. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2010.09050627
150. Hong, J., Reed, C., Novick, D., Haro, J. M., & Aguado, J. (2011). Clinical and economic consequences of medication non-adherence in the treatment of patients with a manic/mixed episode of bipolar disorder: Results from the European Mania in Bipolar Longitudinal Evaluation of Medication (EMBLEM) study. Psychiatry Research, 190, 110-114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2011.04.016
151. Horwitz, A. G., Czyz, E. K., & King, C. A. (2014). Predicting future suicide attempts among adolescent and emerging adult psychiatric emergency patients. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 44, 751-761. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2014.910789
152. Huth-Bocks, A. C., Kerr, D. C. R., Ivey, A. Z., Kramer, A. C., & King, C. A. (2007). Assessment of psychiatrically hospitalized suicidal adolescents: Self-report instruments as predictors of suicidal thoughts and behavior. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 46, 387-395. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/chi.0b013e31 802b9535
153. Ialongo, N. S., Koenig-McNaught, A. L., Wagner, B. M., Pearson, J. L., McCreary, B. K., Poduska, J., & Kellam, S. (2004). African American children's reports of depressed mood, hopelessness, and suicidal ideation and later suicide attempts. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 34, 395-407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/suli.34.4.395.53743
154. Iribarren, C., Reed, D. M., Wergowske, G., Burchfiel, C. M., & Dwyer, J. H. (1995). Serum cholesterol level and mortality due to suicide and trauma in the Honolulu Heart Program. Archives of Internal Medicine, 155, 695-700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archinte.1995.00430070045005
155. Ivarsson, T., Larsson, B., & Gillberg, C. (1998). A 2-4 year follow up of depressive symptoms, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempts among adolescent psychiatric inpatients. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 7, 96-104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007870050053
156. Johnsson Fridell, E., Öjehagen, A., & Träskman-Bendz, L. (1996). A 5-year follow-up study of suicide attempts. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 93, 151-157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.1996.tb10622.x
157. Joiner, T. E. (2005). Why people die by suicide. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
158. Joiner, T. E., Jr., Steer, R. A., Brown, G., Beck, A. T., Pettit, J. W., & Rudd, M. D. (2003). Worst-point suicidal plans: A dimension of suicidality predictive of past suicide attempts and eventual death by suicide. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 41, 1469-1480. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7967(03)00070-6
159. Jokinen, J., Carlborg, A., Mårtensson, B., Forslund, K., Nordström, A.-L., & Nordström, P. (2007). DST non-suppression predicts suicide after attempted suicide. Psychiatry Research, 150, 297-303. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.psychres.2006.12.001
160. Jokinen, J., Chatzittofis, A., Hellström, C., Nordström, P., Uvnäs-Moberg, K., & Åsberg, M. (2012). Low CSF oxytocin reflects high intent in suicide attempters. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 37, 482-490. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2011.07.016
161. Jokinen, J., Forslund, K., Ahnemark, E., Gustavsson, J. P., Nordström, P., & Asberg, M. (2010). Karolinska Interpersonal Violence Scale predicts suicide in suicide attempters. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 71, 1025-1032. http://dx.doi.org/10.4088/JCP.09m05944blu
162. Jokinen, J., Nordström, A.-L., & Nordström, P. (2009). Cerebrospinal fluid monoamine metabolites and suicide. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 63, 276-279. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08039480802571077
163. Jokinen, J., Nordström, A.-L., & Nordström, P. (2009). CSF 5-HIAA and DST non-suppression-Orthogonal biologic risk factors for suicide in male mood disorder inpatients. Psychiatry Research, 165, 96-102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2007.10.007
164. Jokinen, J., & Nordström, P. (2008). HPA axis hyperactivity as suicide predictor in elderly mood disorder inpatients. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 33, 1387-1393. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2008.07.012
165. Juon, H.-S., & Ensminger, M. E. (1997). Childhood, adolescent, and young adult predictors of suicidal behaviors: A prospective study of African Americans. Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry, & Allied Disciplines, 38, 553-563. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01542.x
166. Juurlink, D. N., Herrmann, N., Szalai, J. P., Kopp, A., & Redelmeier, D. A. (2004). Medical illness and the risk of suicide in the elderly. Archives of Internal Medicine, 164, 1179-1184.
167. Kaplan, K. J., & Harrow, M. (1999). Psychosis and functioning as risk factors for later suicidal activity among schizophrenia and schizoaffective patients: A disease-based interactive model. Suicide and Life- Threatening Behavior, 29, 10-24.
168. Kaplan, K. J., Harrow, M., & Faull, R. N. (2012). Are there genderspecific risk factors for suicidal activity among patients with schizophrenia and depression? Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 42, 614-627. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1943-278X.2012.00116.x
169. Kaplan, M. S., McFarland, B. H., Huguet, N., & Newsom, J. T. (2007). Physical illness, functional limitations, and suicide risk: A populationbased study. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 77, 56-60. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1037/0002-9432.77.1.56
170. Keane, E. M., Dick, R. W., Bechtold, D. W., & Manson, S. M. (1996). Predictive and concurrent validity of the Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire among American Indian adolescents. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 24, 735-747. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01664737
171. Keilp, J. G., Oquendo, M. A., Stanley, B. H., Burke, A. K., Cooper, T. B., Malone, K. M., & Mann, J. J. (2010). Future suicide attempt and responses to serotonergic challenge. Neuropsychopharmacology, 35, 1063-1072. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/npp.2008.28
172. Keller, F., & Wolfersdorf, M. (1993). Hopelessness and the tendency to commit suicide in the course of depressive disorders. Crisis: The Journal of Crisis Intervention and Suicide Prevention, 14, 173-177.
173. Kessler, R. C., Berglund, P., Borges, G., Nock, M., & Wang, P. S. (2005). Trends in suicide ideation, plans, gestures, and attempts in the United States, 1990-1992 to 2001-2003. Journal of the American Medical Association, 293, 2487-2495. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.293.20.2487
174. Kessler, R. C., Borges, G., Sampson, N., Miller, M., & Nock, M. K. (2009). The association between smoking and subsequent suicide-related outcomes in the National Comorbidity Survey panel sample. Molecular Psychiatry, 14, 1132-1142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/mp.2008.78
175. Kessler, R. C., Borges, G., & Walters, E. E. (1999). Prevalence of and risk factors for lifetime suicide attempts in the National Comorbidity Survey. Archives of General Psychiatry, 56, 617-626. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/ archpsyc.56.7.617
176. Kessler, R. C., Warner, C. H., Ivany, C., Petukhova, M. V., Rose, S., Bromet, E. J., the Army STARRS Collaborators. (2015). Predicting suicides after psychiatric hospitalization in US Army soldiers: The Army Study To Assess Risk and rEsilience in Servicemembers (Army STARRS). JAMA Psychiatry, 72, 49-57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/ jamapsychiatry.2014.1754
177. Kidd, S., Henrich, C. C., Brookmeyer, K. A., Davidson, L., King, R. A., & Shahar, G. (2006). The social context of adolescent suicide attempts: Interactive effects of parent, peer, and school social relations. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 36, 386-395. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/ suli.2006.36.4.386
178. Kienhorst, C. W. M., De Wilde, E. J., Diekstra, R. F. W., & Wolters, W. H. G. (1991). Construction of an index for predicting suicide attempts in depressed adolescents. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 159, 676-682. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.159.5.676
179. Kikuchi, N., Ohmori-Matsuda, K., Shimazu, T., Sone, T., Kakizaki, M., Nakaya, N., Tsuji, I. (2009). Pain and risk of completed suicide in Japanese men: A population-based cohort study in Japan (Ohsaki Cohort Study). Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 37, 316-324. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2008.03.012
180. Kim, Y. S., Leventhal, B. L., Koh, Y.-J., & Boyce, W. T. (2009). Bullying increased suicide risk: Prospective study of Korean adolescents. Archives of Suicide Research, 13, 15-30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/ 13811110802572098
181. Kishi, Y., & Robinson, R. G. (1996). Suicidal plans following spinal cord injury: A six month study. The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 8, 442-445. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/jnp.8.4.442
182. Kjaer, T. K., Jensen, A., Dalton, S. O., Johansen, C., Schmiedel, S., & Kjaer, S. K. (2011). Suicide in Danish women evaluated for fertility problems. Human Reproduction, 26, 2401-2407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/humrep/der188
183. Klatsky, A. L., & Armstrong, M. A. (1993). Alcohol use, other traits, and risk of unnatural death: A prospective study. Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research, 17, 1156-1162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-0277.1993.tb05221.x
184. Kleiman, E. M., & Liu, R. T. (2014a). Prospective prediction of suicide in a nationally representative sample: Religious service attendance as a protective factor. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 204, 262-266. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.113.128900
185. Kleiman, E. M., Liu, R. T., & Riskind, J. H. (2014b). Integrating the interpersonal psychological theory of suicide into the depression/suicidal ideation relationship: A short-term prospective study. Behavior Therapy, 45, 212-221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2013.10.007
186. Klein, D. N., Schwartz, J. E., Rose, S., & Leader, J. B. (2000). Five-year course and outcome of dysthymic disorder: A prospective, naturalistic follow-up study. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 157, 931-939. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.157.6.931
187. Klomek, A. B., Kleinman, M., Altschuler, E., Marrocco, F., Amakawa, L., & Gould, M. S. (2011). High school bullying as a risk for later depression and suicidality. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 41, 501-516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1943-278X.2011.00046.x
188. Komaki, S., Nagayama, H., Ohgami, H., Takaki, H., Mori, H., & Akiyoshi, J. (2008). Prospective study of major depressive disorder with white matter hyperintensity: Comparison of patients with and without lacunar infarction. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 258, 160-164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00406-007-0769-4
189. Kosidou, K., Dalman, C., Fredlund, P., Lee, B. K., Galanti, R., Isacsson, G., & Magnusson, C. (2014). School performance and the risk of suicide attempts in young adults: A longitudinal population-based study. Psychological Medicine, 44, 1235-1243. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ S0033291713001852
190. Kovacs, M., Goldston, D., & Gatsonis, C. (1993). Suicidal behaviors and childhood-onset depressive disorders: A longitudinal investigation. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 32, 8-20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004583-199301000-00003
191. Kraemer, H. C., Kazdin, A. E., Offord, D. R., Kessler, R. C., Jensen, P. S., & Kupfer, D. J. (1997). Coming to terms with the terms of risk. Archives of General Psychiatry, 54, 337-343. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1997.01830160065009
192. Kua, J., Wong, K. E., Kua, E. H., & Tsoi, W. F. (2003). A 20-year follow-up study on schizophrenia in Singapore. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 108, 118-125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0447.2003.00107.x
193. Kuhn, T. S. (2012). The structure of scientific revolutions. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago press. http://dx.doi.org/10.7208/chicago/ 9780226458144.001.0001 (Original work published 1962)
194. Kuo, C. J., Chen, V. C. H., Lee, W. C., Chen, W. J., Ferri, C. P., Stewart, R., Ko, Y. C. (2010). Asthma and suicide mortality in young people: A 12-year follow-up study. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 167, 1092-1099. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2010.09101455
195. Kuo, C. J., Gunnell, D., Chen, C. C., Yip, P. S. F., & Chen, Y. Y. (2012). Suicide and non-suicide mortality after self-harm in Taipei City, Taiwan. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 200, 405-411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.111.099366
196. Kuo, W. H., Gallo, J. J., & Eaton, W. W. (2004). Hopelessness, depression, substance disorder, and suicidality-A 13-year community-based study. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 39, 497-501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00127-004-0775-z
197. Kuramoto, S. J., Stuart, E. A., Runeson, B., Lichtenstein, P., Långström, N., & Wilcox, H. C. (2010). Maternal or paternal suicide and offspring's psychiatric and suicide-attempt hospitalization risk. Pediatrics, 126, e1026-e1032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2010-0974
198. Kuramoto, S. J., Wilcox, H. C., & Latkin, C. A. (2013). Social integration and suicide-related ideation from a social network perspective: A longitudinal study among inner-city African Americans. Suicide and Life- Threatening Behavior, 43, 366-378. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/sltb.12023
199. Laan, W., Termorshuizen, F., Smeets, H. M., Boks, M. P. M., de Wit, N. J., & Geerlings, M. I. (2011). A comorbid anxiety disorder does not result in an excess risk of death among patients with a depressive disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders, 135, 284-291. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2011.08.026
200. Lahti, M., Eriksson, J. G., Heinonen, K., Kajantie, E., Lahti, J., Wahlbeck, K., Räikkönen, K. (2015). Late preterm birth, post-term birth, and abnormal fetal growth as risk factors for severe mental disorders from early to late adulthood. Psychological Medicine, 45, 985-999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0033291714001998
201. Lambert, S. F., Copeland-Linder, N., & Ialongo, N. S. (2008). Longitudinal associations between community violence exposure and suicidality. Journal of Adolescent Health, 43, 380-386. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2008.02.015
202. Larsson, B., & Sund, A. M. (2008). Prevalence, course, incidence, and 1-year prediction of deliberate self-harm and suicide attempts in early Norwegian school adolescents. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 38, 152-165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/suli.2008.38.2.152
203. Larzelere, R. E., Smith, G. L., Batenhorst, L. M., & Kelly, D. B. (1996). Predictive validity of the Suicide Probability Scale among adolescents in group home treatment. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 35, 166-172. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ 00004583-199602000-00009
204. Lasgaard, M., Goossens, L., & Elklit, A. (2011). Loneliness, depressive symptomatology, and suicide ideation in adolescence: Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 39, 137-150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10802-010-9442-x
205. Leadholm, A. K. K., Rothschild, A. J., Nielsen, J., Bech, P., & Østergaard, S. D. (2014). Risk factors for suicide among 34,671 patients with psychotic and non-psychotic severe depression. Journal of Affective Disorders, 156, 119-125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2013.12.003
206. Lekka, N. P., Argyriou, A. A., & Beratis, S. (2006). Suicidal ideation in prisoners: Risk factors and relevance to suicidal behaviour. A prospective case-control study. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 256, 87-92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00406-005-0606-6
207. Lemogne, C., Fossati, P., Limosin, F., Nabi, H., Encrenaz, G., Bonenfant, S., & Consoli, S. M. (2011). Cognitive hostility and suicide. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 124, 62-69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2010.01658.x
208. Leverich, G. S., Altshuler, L. L., Frye, M. A., Suppes, T., Keck, P. E., Jr., McElroy, S. L., Post, R. M. (2003). Factors associated with suicide attempts in 648 patients with bipolar disorder in the Stanley Foundation Bipolar Network. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 64, 506-515. http://dx.doi.org/10.4088/JCP.v64n0503
209. Levine, S. Z., Bakst, S., & Rabinowitz, J. (2010). Suicide attempts at the time of first admission and during early course schizophrenia: A population based study. Psychiatry Research, 177, 55-59. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.psychres.2010.02.019
210. Lewinsohn, P. M., Rohde, P., & Seeley, J. R. (1994). Psychosocial risk factors for future adolescent suicide attempts. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 62, 297-305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.62.2.297
211. Lewinsohn, P. M., Rohde, P., Seeley, J. R., & Baldwin, C. L. (2001). Gender differences in suicide attempts from adolescence to young adulthood. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 40, 427-434. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004583-200104000-00011
212. Lewis, M. D., Hibbeln, J. R., Johnson, J. E., Lin, Y. H., Hyun, D. Y., & Loewke, J. D. (2011). Suicide deaths of active-duty US military and omega-3 fatty-acid status: A case-control comparison. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 72, 1585-1590. http://dx.doi.org/10.4088/JCP.11m06879
213. Li, S. X., Lam, S. P., Yu, M. W., Zhang, J., & Wing, Y. K. (2010). Nocturnal sleep disturbances as a predictor of suicide attempts among psychiatric outpatients: A clinical, epidemiologic, prospective study. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 71, 1440-1446. http://dx.doi.org/10.4088/JCP.09m05661gry
214. Linehan, M. (1993). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of borderline personality disorder. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
215. Loas, G. (2007). Anhedonia and suicide: A 6.5-yr. follow-up study of patients hospitalised for a suicide attempt. Psychological Reports, 100, 183-190. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.100.1.183-190
216. Loas, G., Azi, A., Noisette, C., Legrand, A., & Yon, V. (2009). Fourteenyear prospective follow-up study of positive and negative symptoms in chronic schizophrenic patients dying from suicide compared to other causes of death. Psychopathology, 42, 185-189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000209331
217. Lopez-Castroman, J., Perez-Rodriguez, M. L., Jaussent, I., Alegria, A. A., Artes-Rodriguez, A., Freed, P., the European Research Consortium for Suicide (EURECA). (2011). Distinguishing the relevant features of frequent suicide attempters. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 45, 619-625. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2010.09.017
218. Lorant, V., Kunst, A. E., Huisman, M., Bopp, M., Mackenbach, J., & the EU Working Group. (2005). A European comparative study of marital status and socio-economic inequalities in suicide. Social Science & Medicine, 60, 2431-2441. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2004.11.033
219. Lukaschek, K., Baumert, J., Krawitz, M., Erazo, N., Förstl, H., & Ladwig, K. H. (2014). Determinants of completed railway suicides by psychiatric in-patients: Case-control study. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 205, 398-406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.113.139352
220. Lynch, T. R., Johnson, C. S., Mendelson, T., Robins, C. J., Ranga, K., Krishnan, R., & Blazer, D. G. (1999). New onset and remission of suicidal ideation among a depressed adult sample. Journal of Affective Disorders, 56, 49-54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0165-0327(99) 00023-3
221. MacGregor, E. K., Grunebaum, M. F., Galfalvy, H. C., Melhem, N., Burke, A. K., Brent, D. A., Mann, J. J. (2014). Depressed parents' attachment: Effects on offspring suicidal behavior in a longitudinal family study. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 75, 879-885. http:// dx.doi.org/10.4088/JCP.13m08794
222. Mackelprang, J. L., Bombardier, C. H., Fann, J. R., Temkin, N. R., Barber, J. K., & Dikmen, S. S. (2014). Rates and predictors of suicidal ideation during the first year after traumatic brain injury. American Journal of Public Health, 104, e100-e107. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2013.301794
223. Mann, J. J., Ellis, S. P., Waternaux, C. M., Liu, X., Oquendo, M. A., Malone, K. M., Currier, D. (2008). Classification trees distinguish suicide attempters in major psychiatric disorders: A model of clinical decision making. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 69, 23-31. http:// dx.doi.org/10.4088/JCP.v69n0104
224. Mann, J. J., Waternaux, C., Haas, G. L., & Malone, K. M. (1999). Toward a clinical model of suicidal behavior in psychiatric patients. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 156, 181-189.
225. Marshall, B. D., Galea, S., Wood, E., & Kerr, T. (2011). Injection methamphetamine use is associated with an increased risk of attempted suicide: A prospective cohort study. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 119, 134-137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2011.05.012
226. Marshall, B. D., Galea, S., Wood, E., & Kerr, T. (2013). Longitudinal associations between types of childhood trauma and suicidal behavior among substance users: A cohort study. American Journal of Public Health, 103, e69-e75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2013.301257
227. Martin, G., Thomas, H., Andrews, T., Hasking, P., & Scott, J. G. (2015). Psychotic experiences and psychological distress predict contemporaneous and future non-suicidal self-injury and suicide attempts in a sample of Australian school-based adolescents. Psychological Medicine, 45, 429-437. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0033291714001615
228. Maser, J. D., Akiskal, H. S., Schettler, P., Scheftner, W., Mueller, T., Endicott, J., Clayton, P. (2002). Can temperament identify affectively ill patients who engage in lethal or near-lethal suicidal behavior? A 14-year prospective study. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 32, 10-32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/suli.32.1.10.22183
229. May, A. M., Klonsky, E. D., & Klein, D. N. (2012). Predicting future suicide attempts among depressed suicide ideators: A 10-year longitudinal study. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 46, 946-952. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2012.04.009
230. McKeown, R. E., Cuffe, S. P., & Schulz, R. M. (2006). US suicide rates by age group, 1970-2002: An examination of recent trends. American Journal of Public Health, 96, 1744-1751. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ AJPH.2005.066951
231. McKeown, R. E., Garrison, C. Z., Cuffe, S. P., Waller, J. L., Jackson, K. L., & Addy, C. L. (1998). Incidence and predictors of suicidal behaviors in a longitudinal sample of young adolescents. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 37, 612-619. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004583-199806000-00011
232. Mehlum, L., Friis, S., Vaglum, P., & Karterud, S. (1994). The longitudinal pattern of suicidal behaviour in borderline personality disorder: A prospective follow-up study. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 90, 124-130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.1994.tb01567.x
233. Miller, A. B., Adams, L. M., Esposito-Smythers, C., Thompson, R., & Proctor, L. J. (2014). Parents and friendships: A longitudinal examination of interpersonal mediators of the relationship between child maltreatment and suicidal ideation. Psychiatry Research, 220, 998-1006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2014.10.009
234. Miller, B., Alaräisänen, A., Miettunen, J., Järvelin, M. R., Koponen, H., Räsänen, P., Kirkpatrick, B. (2010). Advanced paternal age, mortality, and suicide in the general population. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 198, 404 - 411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/NMD.0b013e3181e07d79
235. Miller, M., Hemenway, D., & Rimm, E. (2000). Cigarettes and suicide: A prospective study of 50,000 men. American Journal of Public Health, 90, 768-773. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.90.5.768
236. Miller, M., Hempstead, K., Nguyen, T., Barber, C., Rosenberg-Wohl, S., & Azrael, D. (2013). Method choice in nonfatal self-harm as a predictor of subsequent episodes of self-harm and suicide: Implications for clinical practice. American Journal of Public Health, 103, e61-e68. http:// dx.doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2013.301326
237. Miranda, R., De Jaegere, E., Restifo, K., & Shaffer, D. (2014). Longitudinal follow-up study of adolescents who report a suicide attempt: Aspects of suicidal behavior that increase risk of a future attempt. Depression and Anxiety, 31, 19-26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/da.22194
238. Miranda, R., Gallagher, M., Bauchner, B., Vaysman, R., & Marroquín, B. (2012). Cognitive inflexibility as a prospective predictor of suicidal ideation among young adults with a suicide attempt history. Depression and Anxiety, 29, 180-186. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/da.20915
239. Miranda, R., & Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2007). Brooding and reflection: Rumination predicts suicidal ideation at 1-year follow-up in a community sample. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 45, 3088-3095. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2007.07.015
240. Monnin, J., Thiemard, E., Vandel, P., Nicolier, M., Tio, G., Courtet, P., Haffen, E. (2012). Sociodemographic and psychopathological risk factors in repeated suicide attempts: Gender differences in a prospective study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 136(1-2), 35-43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2011.09.001
241. Morrison, R., & O'Connor, R. C. (2008). The role of rumination, attentional biases and stress in psychological distress. British Journal of Psychology, 99, 191-209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1348/000712607X 216080
242. Motto, J. A. (1965). Suicide attempts: A longitudinal view. Archives of General Psychiatry, 13, 516-520. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1965.01730060034005
243. Mukamal, K. J., Kawachi, I., Miller, M., & Rimm, E. B. (2007). Body mass index and risk of suicide among men. Archives of Internal Medicine, 167, 468-475. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archinte.167.5.468
244. Mukamal, K. J., Kawachi, I., Miller, M., & Rimm, E. B. (2007). Drinking frequency and quantity and risk of suicide among men. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 42, 153-160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/ s00127-006-0144-1
245. Müller-Oerlinghausen, B., Müser-Causemann, B., & Volk, J. (1992). Suicides and parasuicides in a high-risk patient group on and off lithium long-term medication. Journal of Affective Disorders, 25, 261-269. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-0327(92)90084-J
246. Mustanski, B., & Liu, R. T. (2013). A longitudinal study of predictors of suicide attempts among lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender youth. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 42, 437-448. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/ s10508-012-0013-9
247. Nakaya, N., Kikuchi, N., Shimazu, T., Ohmori, K., Kakizaki, M., Sone, T., Tsuji, I. (2007). Alcohol consumption and suicide mortality among Japanese men: The Ohsaki Study. Alcohol (Fayetteville, N. Y.), 41, 503-510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.alcohol.2007.08.001
248. National Institute of Mental Health. (2015, December 1). Risk factors and warning signs of suicide. Retrieved from http://www.nimh.nih.gov/ health/publications/suicide-faq/index.shtml and http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/suicide-prevention/suicide-prevention-studies/ warning-signs-of-suicide.shtml
249. Nguyen, Q. C., Villaveces, A., Marshall, S. W., Hussey, J. M., Halpern, C. T., & Poole, C. (2012). Adolescent expectations of early death predict adult risk behaviors. PLoS ONE, 7, e41905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/ journal.pone.0041905
250. Nielsen, B., Wang, A. G., & Brille-Brahe, U. (1990). Attempted suicide in Denmark. IV. A five-year follow-up. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 81, 250-254. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.1990.tb06490.x
251. Nilsson, F. S., Hjorthøj, C. R., Erlangsen, A., & Nordentoft, M. (2014). Suicide and unintentional injury mortality among homeless people: A Danish nationwide register-based cohort study. European Journal of Public Health, 24, 50-56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckt025
252. Niméus, A., Alsén, M., & Träskman-Bendz, L. (2000). The suicide assessment scale: An instrument assessing suicide risk of suicide attempters. European Psychiatry, 15, 416-423. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/ S0924-9338(00)00512-5
253. Niméus, A., Träskman-Bendz, L., & Alsén, M. (1997). Hopelessness and suicidal behavior. Journal of Affective Disorders, 42, 137-144. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0165-0327(96)01404-8
254. Nkansah-Amankra, S., Diedhiou, A., Agbanu, S. K., Agbanu, H. L., Opoku-Adomako, N. S., & Twumasi-Ankrah, P. (2012). A longitudinal evaluation of religiosity and psychosocial determinants of suicidal behaviors among a population-based sample in the United States. Journal of Affective Disorders, 139, 40-51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2011.12.027
255. Nock, M. K., & Banaji, M. R. (2007). Prediction of suicide ideation and attempts among adolescents using a brief performance-based test. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 75, 707-715. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.75.5.707
256. Nock, M. K., Borges, G., Bromet, E. J., Cha, C. B., Kessler, R. C., & Lee, S. (2008). Suicide and suicidal behavior. Epidemiologic Reviews, 30, 133-154. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/epirev/mxn002
257. Nock, M. K., Kessler, R. C., & Franklin, J. C. (2016). Risk factors for suicide ideation differ from those for transition to suicide attempt: The importance of creativity, rigor, and urgency in suicide research. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 23, 31-34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ cpsp.12133
258. Nock, M. K., Park, J. M., Finn, C. T., Deliberto, T. L., Dour, H. J., & Banaji, M. R. (2010). Measuring the suicidal mind: Implicit cognition predicts suicidal behavior. Psychological Science, 21, 511-517. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797610364762
259. Nordentoft, M., Breum, L., Munck, L. K., Nordestgaard, A. G., Hunding, A., & Laursen Bjaeldager, P. A. (1993). High mortality by natural and unnatural causes: A 10 year follow up study of patients admitted to a poisoning treatment centre after suicide attempts. BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.), 306, 1637-1641. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.306.6893.1637
260. Nordentoft, M., Mortensen, P. B., & Pedersen, C. B. (2011). Absolute risk of suicide after first hospital contact in mental disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry, 68, 1058-1064. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/ archgenpsychiatry.2011.113
261. Nordström, P., Gustavsson, P., Edman, G., & Åsberg, M. (1996). Temperamental vulnerability and suicide risk after attempted suicide. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 26, 380-394.
262. Nordström, P., Samuelsson, M., & Åsberg, M. (1995). Survival analysis of suicide risk after attempted suicide. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 91, 336-340. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.1995.tb09791.x
263. Nordström, P., Samuelsson, M., Asberg, M., Träskman-Bendz, L., Aberg-Wistedt, A., Nordin, C., & Bertilsson, L. (1994). CSF 5-HIAA predicts suicide risk after attempted suicide. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 24, 1-9.
264. Novick, D., Haro, J. M., Suarez, D., Perez, V., Dittmann, R. W., & Haddad, P. M. (2010). Predictors and clinical consequences of nonadherence with antipsychotic medication in the outpatient treatment of schizophrenia. Psychiatry Research, 176, 109-113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2009.05.004
265. Nrugham, L., Holen, A., & Sund, A. M. (2012). Suicide attempters and repeaters: Depression and coping: A prospective study of early adolescents followed up as young adults. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 200, 197-203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/NMD.0b013e318 247c914
266. O'Connor, R. C. (2011). Towards an integrated motivational-volitional model of suicidal behaviour. In R. O'Connor & S. Platt (Eds.), International handbook of suicide prevention: Research, policy and practice (pp. 181-198). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
267. O'Connor, R. C., & Noyce, R. (2008). Personality and cognitive processes: Self-criticism and different types of rumination as predictors of suicidal ideation. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 46, 392-401. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2008.01.007
268. O'Connor, R. C., Smyth, R., Ferguson, E., Ryan, C., & Williams, J. M. G. (2013). Psychological processes and repeat suicidal behavior: A fouryear prospective study. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 81, 1137-1143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0033751
269. O'Connor, S. S., Jobes, D. A., Comtois, K. A., Atkins, D. C., Janis, K., Chessen, C. E., & Landes, S. J. (2012). Identifying outpatients with entrenched suicidal ideation following hospitalization. Suicide and Life- Threatening Behavior, 42, 173-184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1943-278X.2012.00080.x
270. Oquendo, M. A., Bongiovi-Garcia, M. E., Galfalvy, H., Goldberg, P. H., Grunebaum, M. F., Burke, A. K., & Mann, J. J. (2007). Sex differences in clinical predictors of suicidal acts after major depression: A prospective study. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 164, 134-141. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1176/ajp.2007.164.1.134
271. Oquendo, M. A., Sullivan, G. M., Sudol, K., Baca-Garcia, E., Stanley, B. H., Sublette, M. E., & Mann, J. J. (2014). Toward a biosignature for suicide. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 171, 1259-1277. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2014.14020194
272. Osler, M., Nybo Andersen, A. M., & Nordentoft, M. (2008). Impaired childhood development and suicidal behaviour in a cohort of Danish men born in 1953. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 62, 23-28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech.2006.053330
273. Ostacher, M. J., Lebeau, R. T., Perlis, R. H., Nierenberg, A. A., Lund, H. G., Moshier, S. J., Simon, N. M. (2009). Cigarette smoking is associated with suicidality in bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disorders, 11, 766-771. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-5618.2009.00744.x
274. Paerregaard, G. (1975). Suicide among attempted suicides: A 10-year follow-up. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 5, 140-144.
275. Perlis, R. H., Beasley, C. M., Jr., Wines, J. D., Jr., Tamura, R. N., Cusin, C., Shear, D., Fava, M. (2007). Treatment-associated suicidal ideation and adverse effects in an open, multicenter trial of fluoxetine for major depressive episodes. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 76, 40-46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000096363
276. Petrie, K., & Chamberlain, K. (1985). The predictive validity of the Zung Index of Potential Suicide. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49, 100-102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa4901_19
277. Pfeffer, C. R., Hurt, S. W., Kakuma, T., Peskin, J. R., Siefker, C. A., & Nagabhairava, S. (1994). Suicidal children grow up: Suicidal episodes and effects of treatment during follow-up. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 33, 225-230. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004583-199402000-00011
278. Pfeffer, C. R., Klerman, G. L., Hurt, S. W., Lesser, M., Peskin, J. R., & Siefker, C. A. (1991). Suicidal children grow up: Demographic and clinical risk factors for adolescent suicide attempts. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 30, 609-616. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004583-199107000-00013
279. Posner, K., Brown, G. K., Stanley, B., Brent, D. A., Yershova, K. V., Oquendo, M. A., Mann, J. J. (2011). The Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale: Initial validity and internal consistency findings from three multisite studies with adolescents and adults. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 168, 1266-1277. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2011.10111704
280. Poudel-Tandukar, K., Nanri, A., Iwasaki, M., Mizoue, T., Matsushita, Y., Takahashi, Y., the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study Group. (2011). Long chain n-3 fatty acids intake, fish consumption and suicide in a cohort of Japanese men and women-The Japan Public Health Center-based (JPHC) prospective study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 129, 282-288. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2010.07.014
281. Poudel-Tandukar, K., Nanri, A., Mizoue, T., Matsushita, Y., Takahashi, Y., Noda, M., Tsugane, S. (2011). Social support and suicide in Japanese men and women - the Japan Public Health Center (JPHC)- based prospective study. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 45, 1545-1550. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2011.07.009
282. Poudel-Tandukar, K., Nanri, A., Mizoue, T., Matsushita, Y., Takahashi, Y., Noda, M., the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study Group. (2011). Differences in suicide risk according to living arrangements in Japanese men and women-The Japan Public Health Center-based (JPHC) prospective study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 131, 113-119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2010.11.027
283. Preuss, U. W., Schuckit, M. A., Smith, T. L., Danko, G. P., Bucholz, K. K., Hesselbrock, M. N., Kramer, J. R. (2003). Predictors and correlates of suicide attempts over 5 years in 1,237 alcohol-dependent men and women. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 160, 56-63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.160.1.56
284. Priester, M. J., & Clum, G. A. (1992). Attributional style as a diathesis in predicting depression, hopelessness, and suicide ideation in college students. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 14, 111-122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00965171
285. Priester, M. J., & Clum, G. A. (1993). Perceived problem-solving ability as a predictor of depression, hopelessness, and suicide ideation in a college population. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 40, 79-85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.40.1.79
286. Priester, M. J., & Clum, G. A. (1993). The problem-solving diathesis in depression, hopelessness, and suicide ideation: A longitudinal analysis. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 15, 239-254. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01371381
287. Qin, P., Agerbo, E., & Mortensen, P. B. (2003). Suicide risk in relation to socioeconomic, demographic, psychiatric, and familial factors: A national register-based study of all suicides in Denmark, 1981-1997. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 160, 765-772. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.160.4.765
288. Qin, P., Mortensen, P. B., Waltoft, B. L., & Postolache, T. T. (2011). Allergy is associated with suicide completion with a possible mediating role of mood disorder - a population-based study. Allergy, 66, 658-664. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.2010.02523.x
289. Rabinovitch, S. M., Kerr, D. C., Leve, L. D., & Chamberlain, P. (2014). Suicidal behavior outcomes of childhood sexual abuse: Longitudinal study of adjudicated girls. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 45, 431-447. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/sltb.12141
290. Rajalin, M., Hirvikoski, T., & Jokinen, J. (2013). Family history of suicide and exposure to interpersonal violence in childhood predict suicide in male suicide attempters. Journal of Affective Disorders, 148, 92-97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2012.11.055
291. Ramchand, R., Griffin, B. A., Harris, K. M., McCaffrey, D. F., & Morral, A. R. (2008). A prospective investigation of suicide ideation, attempts, and use of mental health service among adolescents in substance abuse treatment. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 22, 524-532. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0012969
292. Ran, M. S., Chan, C. L. W., Chen, E. Y. H., Mao, W. J., Hu, S. H., Tang, C. P., Conwell, Y. (2009). Differences in mortality and suicidal behaviour between treated and never-treated people with schizophrenia in rural China. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 195, 126-131. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.108.055301
293. Rao, U., Weissman, M. M., Martin, J. A., & Hammond, R. W. (1993). Childhood depression and risk of suicide: A preliminary report of a longitudinal study. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 32, 21-27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004583-199301000-00004
294. Rasic, D., Robinson, J. A., Bolton, J., Bienvenu, O. J., & Sareen, J. (2011). Longitudinal relationships of religious worship attendance and spirituality with major depression, anxiety disorders, and suicidal ideation and attempts: Findings from the Baltimore epidemiologic catchment area study. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 45, 848-854. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2010.11.014
295. Rasic, D., Weerasinghe, S., Asbridge, M., & Langille, D. B. (2013). Longitudinal associations of cannabis and illicit drug use with depression, suicidal ideation and suicidal attempts among Nova Scotia high school students. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 129(1-2), 49-53. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2012.09.009
296. Reardon, D. C., Ney, P. G., Scheuren, F., Cougle, J., Coleman, P. K., & Strahan, T. W. (2002). Deaths associated with pregnancy outcome: A record linkage study of low income women. Southern Medical Journal, 95, 834-841. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007611-200295080-00011
297. Reinherz, H. Z., Giaconia, R. M., Silverman, A. B., Friedman, A., Pakiz, B., Frost, A. K., & Cohen, E. (1995). Early psychosocial risks for adolescent suicidal ideation and attempts. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 34, 599-611. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004583-199505000-00012
298. Ribeiro, J. D., Franklin, J. C., Fox, K. R., Bentley, K. H., Kleiman, E. M., Chang, B. P., & Nock, M. K. (2016). Letter to the Ed.: Suicide as a complex classification problem: Machine learning and related techniques can advance suicide prediction - a reply to Roaldset (2016). Psychological Medicine, 46, 2009-2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ S0033291716000611
299. Ribeiro, J. D., Pease, J. L., Gutierrez, P. M., Silva, C., Bernert, R. A., Rudd, M. D., & Joiner, T. E., Jr. (2012). Sleep problems outperform depression and hopelessness as cross-sectional and longitudinal predictors of suicidal ideation and behavior in young adults in the military. Journal of Affective Disorders, 136, 743-750. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/ j.jad.2011.09.049
300. Riihimäki, K., Vuorilehto, M., Melartin, T., Haukka, J., & Isometsä, E. (2014). Incidence and predictors of suicide attempts among primary-care patients with depressive disorders: A 5-year prospective study. Psychological Medicine, 44, 291-302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S003329 1713000706
301. Roaldset, J. O., Linaker, O. M., & Bjørkly, S. (2012). Predictive validity of the MINI suicidal scale for self-harm in acute psychiatry: A prospective study of the first year after discharge. Archives of Suicide Research, 16, 287-302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2013.722052
302. Roane, B. M., & Taylor, D. J. (2008). Adolescent insomnia as a risk factor for early adult depression and substance abuse. Sleep, 31, 1351-1356.
303. Robinson, J., Harris, M. G., Harrigan, S. M., Henry, L. P., Farrelly, S., Prosser, A., McGorry, P. D. (2010). Suicide attempt in first-episode psychosis: A 7.4 year follow-up study. Schizophrenia Research, 116, 1-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2009.10.009
304. Rodríguez-Cano, T., Beato-Fernández, L., & Llario, A. B. (2006). Body dissatisfaction as a predictor of self-reported suicide attempts in adolescents: A Spanish community prospective study. Journal of Adolescent Health, 38, 684 - 688. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2005.08.003
305. Rosen, D. H. (1970). The serious suicide attempt: Epidemiological and follow-up study of 886 patients. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 127, 764-770, [770]-2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/ajp.127.6.764
306. Rossow, I., & Amundsen, A. (1995). Alcohol abuse and suicide: A 40-year prospective study of Norwegian conscripts. Addiction, 90, 685-691. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.1995.tb02206.x
307. Rostila, M., Saarela, J., & Kawachi, I. (2014). Birth order and suicide in adulthood: Evidence from Swedish population data. American Journal of Epidemiology, 179, 1450-1457. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aje/ kwu090
308. Roy, A. (1992). Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function and suicidal behavior in depression. Biological Psychiatry, 32, 812-816. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-3223(92)90084-D
309. Roy, A., Agren, H., Pickar, D., Linnoila, M., Doran, A. R., Cutler, N. R., & Paul, S. M. (1986). Reduced CSF concentrations of homovanillic acid and homovanillic acid to 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid ratios in depressed patients: Relationship to suicidal behavior and dexamethasone nonsuppression. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 143, 1539-1545. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1176/ajp.143.12.1539
310. Rubin, J. P., Landfair, A. S., Shestak, K., Lane, D., Valoski, A., Chang, Y., Kuller, L. H. (2010). Health characteristics of postmenopausal women with breast implants. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 125, 799-810. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/PRS.0b013e3181cb5e29
311. Rudd, M. D., Berman, A. L., Joiner, T. E., Jr., Nock, M. K., Silverman, M. M., Mandrusiak, M., Witte, T. (2006). Warning signs for suicide: Theory, research, and clinical applications. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 36, 255-262. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/suli.2006.36.3.255
312. Sadeh, N., & McNiel, D. E. (2013). Facets of anger, childhood sexual victimization, and gender as predictors of suicide attempts by psychiatric patients after hospital discharge. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 122, 879-890. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0032769
313. Salokangas, R. K., Honkonen, T., Stengård, E., & Koivisto, A. M. (2002). Mortality in chronic schizophrenia during decreasing number of psychiatric beds in Finland. Schizophrenia Research, 54, 265-275. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0920-9964(01)00281-X
314. Samuelsson, M., Jokinen, J., Nordström, A. L., & Nordström, P. (2006). CSF 5-HIAA, suicide intent and hopelessness in the prediction of early suicide in male high-risk suicide attempters. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 113, 44 - 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2005.00639.x
315. Sanchez-Gistau, V., Baeza, I., Arango, C., González-Pinto, A., de la Serna, E., Parellada, M., Castro-Fornieles, J. (2013). Predictors of suicide attempt in early-onset, first-episode psychoses: A longitudinal 24-month follow-up study. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 74, 59-66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4088/JCP.12m07632
316. Sani, G., Tondo, L., Koukopoulos, A., Reginaldi, D., Kotzalidis, G. D., Koukopoulos, A. E., Tatarelli, R. (2011). Suicide in a large population of former psychiatric inpatients. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 65, 286-295. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1819.2011.02205.x
317. Sareen, J., Cox, B. J., Afifi, T. O., de Graaf, R., Asmundson, G. J., ten Have, M., & Stein, M. B. (2005). Anxiety disorders and risk for suicidal ideation and suicide attempts: A population-based longitudinal study of adults. Archives of General Psychiatry, 62, 1249-1257. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.62.11.1249
318. Sauvola, A., Räsänen, P. K., Joukamaa, M. I., Jokelainen, J., Järvelin, M. R., & Isohanni, M. K. (2001). Mortality of young adults in relation to single-parent family background. A prospective study of the northern Finland 1966 birth cohort. European Journal of Public Health, 11, 284-286. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/11.3.284
319. Scammacca, N., Roberts, G., & Stuebing, K. K. (2014). Meta-analysis with complex research designs: Dealing with dependence from multiple measures and multiple group comparisons. Review of Educational Research, 84, 328-364. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/0034654313500826
320. Schneider, B., Lukaschek, K., Baumert, J., Meisinger, C., Erazo, N., & Ladwig, K. H. (2014). Living alone, obesity, and smoking increase risk for suicide independently of depressive mood findings from the population-based MONICA/KORA Augsburg cohort study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 152, 416-421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2013.10.007
321. Schneider, B., Philipp, M., & Müller, M. J. (2001). Psychopathological predictors of suicide in patients with major depression during a 5-year follow-up. European Psychiatry, 16, 283-288. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0924-9338(01)00579-X
322. Selby, E. A., & Yen, S. (2014). Six-month trajectory of suicidal ideation in adolescents with borderline personality disorder. Suicide and Life- Threatening Behavior, 44, 89-100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/sltb.12057
323. Seo, D. C., & Lee, C. G. (2013). The effect of perceived body weight on suicidal ideation among a representative sample of US adolescents. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 36, 498-507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10865-012-9444-y
324. Sher, L., Carballo, J. J., Grunebaum, M. F., Burke, A. K., Zalsman, G., Huang, Y. Y., Oquendo, M. A. (2006). A prospective study of the association of cerebrospinal fluid monoamine metabolite levels with lethality of suicide attempts in patients with bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disorders, 8, 543-550. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-5618.2006.00319.x
325. Shneidman, E. S. (1993). Suicide as psychache: A clinical approach to self-destructive behavior. New York, NY: Aronson.
326. Silverman, A. B., Reinherz, H. Z., & Giaconia, R. M. (1996). The long-term sequelae of child and adolescent abuse: A longitudinal community study. Child Abuse & Neglect: The International Journal, 20, 709-723. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0145-2134(96)00059-2
327. Simon, G. E., Hunkeler, E., Fireman, B., Lee, J. Y., & Savarino, J. (2007). Risk of suicide attempt and suicide death in patients treated for bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disorders, 9, 526-530. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-5618.2007.00408.x
328. Šimundić, A. M. (2008). Measures of diagnostic accuracy: Basic definitions. Medical and Biological Sciences, 22, 61-65.
329. Sjöström, N., Hetta, J., & Waern, M. (2009). Persistent nightmares are associated with repeat suicide attempt: A prospective study. Psychiatry Research, 170, 208-211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2008.09.006
330. Sjöström, N., Hetta, J., & Waern, M. (2012). Sense of coherence and suicidality in suicide attempters: A prospective study. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 19, 62-69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2850.2011.01755.x
331. Skeem, J. L., Silver, E., Aippelbaum, P. S., & Tiemann, J. (2006). Suicide-related behavior after psychiatric hospital discharge: Implications for risk assessment and management. Behavioral Sciences & the Law, 24, 731-746. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bsl.726
332. Smith, G. D., Phillips, A. N., & Neaton, J. D. (1992). Smoking as "independent" risk factor for suicide: Illustration of an artifact from observational epidemiology? Lancet, 340, 709-712. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0140-6736(92)92242-8
333. Sokero, T. P., Melartin, T. K., Rytsälä, H. J., Leskelä, U. S., Lestelä-Mielonen, P. S., & Isometsä, E. T. (2005). Prospective study of risk factors for attempted suicide among patients with DSM-IV major depressive disorder. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 186, 314-318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.186.4.314
334. Soloff, P. H., & Chiappetta, L. (2012). Prospective predictors of suicidal behavior in borderline personality disorder at 6-year follow-up. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 169, 484-490. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2011.11091378
335. Soloff, P. H., & Fabio, A. (2008). Prospective predictors of suicide attempts in borderline personality disorder at one, two, and two-to-five year follow-up. Journal of Personality Disorders, 22, 123-134. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1521/pedi.2008.22.2.123
336. Steer, R. A., Beck, A. T., Garrison, B., & Lester, D. (1988). Eventual suicide in interrupted and uninterrupted attempters: A challenge to the cry-for-help hypothesis. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 18, 119-128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1943-278X.1988.tb00146.x
337. Stewart, S. E., Manion, I. G., Davidson, S., & Cloutier, P. (2001). Suicidal children and adolescents with first emergency room presentations: Predictors of six-month outcome. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 40, 580-587. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ 00004583-200105000-00018
338. Suh, S., Kim, H., Yang, H. C., Cho, E. R., Lee, S. K., & Shin, C. (2013). Longitudinal course of depression scores with and without insomnia in non-depressed individuals: A 6-year follow-up longitudinal study in a Korean cohort. Sleep, 36, 369-376.
339. Suokas, J., Suominen, K., Isometsä, E., Ostamo, A., & Lönnqvist, J. (2001). Long-term risk factors for suicide mortality after attempted suicide-Findings of a 14-year follow-up study. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 104, 117-121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0447.2001.00243.x
340. Suominen, K., Isometsä, E., Haukka, J., & Lönnqvist, J. (2004). Substance use and male gender as risk factors for deaths and suicide-A 5-year follow-up study after deliberate self-harm. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 39, 720-724. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00127-004-0796-7
341. Suominen, K., Isometsä, E., Ostamo, A., & Lönnqvist, J. (2004). Level of suicidal intent predicts overall mortality and suicide after attempted suicide: A 12-year follow-up study. BMC Psychiatry, 4, 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-244X-4-11
342. Suominen, K., Isometsä, E., Suokas, J., Haukka, J., Achte, K., & Lönnqvist, J. (2004). Completed suicide after a suicide attempt: A 37-year follow-up study. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 161, 562-563. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.161.3.562
343. Svensson, T., Inoue, M., Sawada, N., Iwasaki, M., Sasazuki, S., Shimazu, T., the Japan Public Health Centre-based prospective Study Group. (2015). The association between complete and partial non-response to psychosocial questions and suicide: The JPHC Study. European Journal of Public Health, 25, 424 - 430. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ cku209
344. Swanson, S. A., & Colman, I. (2013). Association between exposure to suicide and suicidality outcomes in youth. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 185, 870-877. http://dx.doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.121377
345. Tanji, F., Kakizaki, M., Sugawara, Y., Watanabe, I., Nakaya, N., Minami, Y., Tsuji, I. (2015). Personality and suicide risk: The impact of economic crisis in Japan. Psychological Medicine, 45, 559-573. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0033291714001688
346. Tanskanen, A., Tuomilehto, J., Viinamäki, H., Vartiainen, E., Lehtonen, J., & Puska, P. (2000). Joint heavy use of alcohol, cigarettes and coffee and the risk of suicide. Addiction, 95, 1699-1704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1360-0443.2000.9511169910.x
347. Tanskanen, A., Tuomilehto, J., Viinamäki, H., Vartiainen, E., Lehtonen, J., & Puska, P. (2001). Nightmares as predictors of suicide. Sleep: Journal of Sleep and Sleep Disorders Research, 24, 844-847.
348. Targum, S. D., Rosen, L., & Capodanno, A. E. (1983). The dexamethasone suppression test in suicidal patients with unipolar depression. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 140, 877-879. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/ajp.140.7.877
349. Tejedor, M. C., Díaz, A., Castillón, J. J., & Pericay, J. M. (1999). Attempted suicide: Repetition and survival-Findings of a follow-up study. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 100, 205-211. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1999.tb10847.x
350. Terry, P. D., Abramson, J. L., Neaton, J. D., & the MRFIT Research Group. (2007). Blood pressure and risk of death from external causes among men screened for the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. American Journal of Epidemiology, 165, 294-301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwk014
351. Thompson, C. G., & Becker, B. J. (2014). The impact of multiple endpoint dependency on Q and I(2) in meta-analysis. Research Synthesis Methods, 5, 235-253. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jrsm.1110
352. Thompson, M. P., Ho, C. H., & Kingree, J. B. (2007). Prospective associations between delinquency and suicidal behaviors in a nationally representative sample. Journal of Adolescent Health, 40, 232-237. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2006.10.016
353. Thompson, M. P., & Light, L. S. (2011). Examining gender differences in risk factors for suicide attempts made 1 and 7 years later in a nationally representative sample. Journal of Adolescent Health, 48, 391-397. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2010.07.018
354. Träskman, L., Åsberg, M., Bertilsson, L., & Sjöstrand, L. (1981). Monoamine metabolites in CSF and suicidal behavior. Archives of General Psychiatry, 38, 631-636. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1981.01780310031002
355. Troister, T., Davis, M. P., Lowndes, A., & Holden, R. R. (2013). A five-month longitudinal study of psychache and suicide ideation: Replication in general and high-risk university students. Suicide and Life- Threatening Behavior, 43, 611-620. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/sltb.12043
356. Tsai, A. C., Lucas, M., Sania, A., Kim, D., & Kawachi, I. (2014). Social integration and suicide mortality among men: 24-year cohort study of U.S. health professionals. Annals of Internal Medicine, 161, 85-95. http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/M13-1291
357. Tsutsumi, A., Kayaba, K., Ojima, T., Ishikawa, S., Kawakami, N., & the Jichi Medical School Cohort Study Group. (2007). Low control at work and the risk of suicide in Japanese men: A prospective cohort study. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 76, 177-185. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000099845
358. Tuisku, V., Kiviruusu, O., Pelkonen, M., Karlsson, L., Strandholm, T., & Marttunen, M. (2014). Depressed adolescents as young adults- Predictors of suicide attempt and non-suicidal self-injury during an 8-year follow-up. Journal of Affective Disorders, 152-154, 313-319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2013.09.031
359. Turner, H. A., Finkelhor, D., Shattuck, A., & Hamby, S. (2012). Recent victimization exposure and suicidal ideation in adolescents. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 166, 1149-1154. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1001/archpediatrics.2012.1549
360. Turvey, C. L., Conwell, Y., Jones, M. P., Phillips, C., Simonsick, E., Pearson, J. L., & Wallace, R. (2002). Risk factors for late-life suicide: A prospective, community-based study. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 10, 398 - 406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00019442-200207000-00006
361. Tyssen, R., Vaglum, P., Grønvold, N. T., & Ekeberg, O. (2001). Suicidal ideation among medical students and young physicians: A nationwide and prospective study of prevalence and predictors. Journal of Affective Disorders, 64, 69-79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0165-0327(00) 00205-6
362. Vahtera, J., Pentti, J., & Kivimäki, M. (2004). Sickness absence as a predictor of mortality among male and female employees. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 58, 321-326. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech.2003.011817
363. Valtonen, H. M., Suominen, K., Haukka, J., Mantere, O., Leppämäki, S., Arvilommi, P., & Isometsä, E. T. (2008). Differences in incidence of suicide attempts during phases of bipolar I and II disorders. Bipolar Disorders, 10, 588-596. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-5618.2007.00553.x
364. Valtonen, H. M., Suominen, K., Mantere, O., Leppämäki, S., Arvilommi, P., & Isometsä, E. T. (2006). Prospective study of risk factors for attempted suicide among patients with bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disorders, 8, 576-585. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-5618.2006.00341.x
365. van der Kolk, B. A., Perry, J. C., & Herman, J. L. (1991). Childhood origins of self-destructive behavior. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 148, 1665-1671. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/ajp.148.12.1665
366. van Dulmen, M. H., Klipfel, K. M., Mata, A. D., Schinka, K. C., Claxton, S. E., Swahn, M. H., & Bossarte, R. M. (2012). Cross-lagged effects between intimate partner violence victimization and suicidality from adolescence into adulthood. Journal of Adolescent Health, 51, 510-516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2012.02.015
367. Van Dulmen, M., Mata, A., Claxton, S., Klipfel, K., Schinka, K., Swahn, M., & Bossarte, R. (2013). Longitudinal associations between violence and suicidality from adolescence into adulthood. Suicide and Life- Threatening Behavior, 43, 523-531.
368. Van Orden, K. A., Witte, T. K., Cukrowicz, K. C., Braithwaite, S. R., Selby, E. A., & Joiner, T. E., Jr. (2010). The interpersonal theory of suicide. Psychological Review, 117, 575-600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/ a0018697
369. van Tilburg, M. A., Spence, N. J., Whitehead, W. E., Bangdiwala, S., & Goldston, D. B. (2011). Chronic pain in adolescents is associated with suicidal thoughts and behaviors. The Journal of Pain, 12, 1032-1039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2011.03.004
370. Verkes, R. J., Fekkes, D., Zwinderman, A. H., Hengeveld, M. W., Van der Mast, R. C., Tuyl, J. P., Van Kempen, G. M. (1997). Platelet serotonin and [3H]paroxetine binding correlate with recurrence of suicidal behavior. Psychopharmacology, 132, 89-94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002130050324
371. Viner, R., Patten, S. B., Berzins, S., Bulloch, A. G., & Fiest, K. M. (2014). Prevalence and risk factors for suicidal ideation in a multiple sclerosis population. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 76, 312-316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2013.12.010
372. Waern, M., Sjöström, N., Marlow, T., & Hetta, J. (2010). Does the Suicide Assessment Scale predict risk of repetition? A prospective study of suicide attempters at a hospital emergency department. European Psychiatry, 25, 421-426. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2010.03.014
373. Wang, L. J., Huang, Y. C., Lee, S. Y., Wu, Y. W., & Chen, C. K. (2015). Switching suicide methods as a predictor of completed suicide in individuals with repeated self-harm: A community cohort study in northern Taiwan. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 49, 65-73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0004867414553951
374. Ward-Ciesielski, E. F., & Linehan, M. M. (2014). Psychological treatment of suicidal behaviors. In M. K. Nock (Ed.), The Oxford handbook of suicide and self-injury (pp. 367-384). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
375. Wedig, M. M., Silverman, M. H., Frankenburg, F. R., Reich, D. B., Fitzmaurice, G., & Zanarini, M. C. (2012). Predictors of suicide attempts in patients with borderline personality disorder over 16 years of prospective follow-up. Psychological Medicine, 42, 2395-2404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0033291712000517
376. Weissman, M. M., Wolk, S., Goldstein, R. B., Moreau, D., Adams, P., Greenwald, S., Wickramaratne, P. (1999). Depressed adolescents grown up. Journal of the American Medical Association, 281, 1707-1713. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.281.18.1707
377. Wenzel, A., & Beck, A. T. (2008). A cognitive model of suicidal behavior: Theory and treatment. Applied & Preventive Psychology, 12, 189-201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.appsy.2008.05.001
378. Wenzel, A., Berchick, E. R., Tenhave, T., Halberstadt, S., Brown, G. K., & Beck, A. T. (2011). Predictors of suicide relative to other deaths in patients with suicide attempts and suicide ideation: A 30-year prospective study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 132, 375-382. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2011.03.006
379. Whitlock, J., Muehlenkamp, J., Eckenrode, J., Purington, A., Baral Abrams, G., Barreira, P., & Kress, V. (2013). Nonsuicidal self-injury as a gateway to suicide in young adults. Journal of Adolescent Health, 52, 486-492. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2012.09.010
380. Wichstrøm, L. (2000). Predictors of adolescent suicide attempts: A nationally representative longitudinal study of Norwegian adolescents. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 39, 603-610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004583-200005000-00014
381. Wichstrøm, L., & Hegna, K. (2003). Sexual orientation and suicide attempt: A longitudinal study of the general Norwegian adolescent population. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 112, 144-151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.112.1.144
382. Wilcox, H. C., Arria, A. M., Caldeira, K. M., Vincent, K. B., Pinchevsky, G. M., & O'Grady, K. E. (2010). Prevalence and predictors of persistent suicide ideation, plans, and attempts during college. Journal of Affective Disorders, 127, 287-294. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2010.04.017
383. Williams, J. H. (2001). Suicide and attempted suicide: Understanding the cry of pain. London: Penguin.
384. Wines, J. D., Saitz, R., Horton, N. J., Lloyd-Travaglini, C., & Samet, J. H. (2004). Suicidal behavior, drug use and depressive symptoms after detoxification: A 2-year prospective study. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 76, S21-S29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2004.08.004
385. Winsper, C., Lereya, T., Zanarini, M., & Wolke, D. (2012). Involvement in bullying and suicide-related behavior at 11 years: A prospective birth cohort study. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 51, 271-282.e3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2012.01.001
386. Wolk, S. I., Weissman, M. M., & Puig, J. (1996). Suicidal behavior in depressed children grown up: Preliminary Results of a longitudinal study. Psychiatric Annals, 26, 331-335. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/0048-5713-19960601-11
387. Wong, M. M., & Brower, K. J. (2012). The prospective relationship between sleep problems and suicidal behavior in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 46, 953-959. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2012.04.008
388. Wong, M. M., Brower, K. J., & Zucker, R. A. (2011). Sleep problems, suicidal ideation, and self-harm behaviors in adolescence. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 45, 505-511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2010.09.005
389. Wong, Y. J., & Maffini, C. S. (2011). Predictors of Asian American adolescents' suicide attempts: A latent class regression analysis. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 40, 1453-1464. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/ s10964-011-9701-3
390. World Health Organization. (2012). Public health action for the prevention of suicide: A framework. Geneva, Switzerland: Author.
391. World Health Organization. (2015, December 1). Suicide. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs398/en/
392. Yamauchi, T., Inagaki, M., Yonemoto, N., Iwasaki, M., Inoue, M., Akechi, T., the JPHC Study Group. (2014). Death by suicide and other externally caused injuries following a cancer diagnosis: The Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study. Psycho-Oncology, 23, 1034-1041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pon.3529
393. Yaseen, Z. S., Chartrand, H., Mojtabai, R., Bolton, J., & Galynker, I. I. (2013). Fear of dying in panic attacks predicts suicide attempt in comorbid depressive illness: Prospective evidence from the National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Depression and Anxiety, 30, 930-939.
394. Yen, C. F., Lee, Y., Tang, T. C., Yen, J. Y., Ko, C. H., & Chen, C. C. (2009). Predictive value of self-stigma, insight, and perceived adverse effects of medication for the clinical outcomes in patients with depressive disorders. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 197, 172-177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/NMD.0b013e318199fbac
395. Yen, S., Pagano, M. E., Shea, M. T., Grilo, C. M., Gunderson, J. G., Skodol, A. E., Zanarini, M. C. (2005). Recent life events preceding suicide attempts in a personality disorder sample: Findings from the collaborative longitudinal personality disorders study. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 73, 99-105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/ 0022-006X.73.1.99
396. Yen, S., Shea, M. T., Pagano, M., Sanislow, C. A., Grilo, C. M., McGlashan, T. H., Morey, L. C. (2003). Axis I and axis II disorders as predictors of prospective suicide attempts: Findings from the collaborative longitudinal personality disorders study. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 112, 375-381. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.112.3.375
397. Yen, S., Shea, M. T., Sanislow, C. A., Skodol, A. E., Grilo, C. M., Edelen, M. O., Gunderson, J. G. (2009). Personality traits as prospective predictors of suicide attempts. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 120, 222-229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2009.01366.x
398. Yen, S., Shea, M. T., Walsh, Z., Edelen, M. O., Hopwood, C. J., Markowitz, J. C., McGlashan, T. H. (2011). Self-harm subscale of the Schedule for Nonadaptive and Adaptive Personality (SNAP): Predicting suicide attempts over 8 years of follow-up. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 72, 1522-1528. http://dx.doi.org/10.4088/JCP.09m05583blu
399. Yen, S., & Siegler, I. C. (2003). Self-blame, social introversion, and male suicides: Prospective data from a longitudinal study. Archives of Suicide Research, 7, 17-27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13811110301569
400. Yerevanian, B. I., Feusner, J. D., Koek, R. J., & Mintz, J. (2004). The dexamethasone suppression test as a predictor of suicidal behavior in unipolar depression. Journal of Affective Disorders, 83, 103-108. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2004.08.009
401. Yerevanian, B. I., Olafsdottir, H., Milanese, E., Russotto, J., Mallon, P., Baciewicz, G., & Sagi, E. (1983). Normalization of the dexamethasone suppression test at discharge from hospital: Its prognostic value. Journal of Affective Disorders, 5, 191-197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-0327(83)90041-1
402. Young, M. A., Fogg, L. F., Scheftner, W., Fawcett, J., Akiskal, H., & Maser, J. (1996). Stable trait components of hopelessness: Baseline and sensitivity to depression. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 105, 155-165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.105.2.155
403. Young, R., Riordan, V., & Stark, C. (2011). Perinatal and psychosocial circumstances associated with risk of attempted suicide, non-suicidal self-injury and psychiatric service use. A longitudinal study of young people. BMC Public Health, 11, 875. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-11-875
404. Young, R., Sweeting, H., & Ellaway, A. (2011). Do schools differ in suicide risk? The influence of school and neighbourhood on attempted suicide, suicidal ideation and self-harm among secondary school pupils. BMC Public Health, 11, 874. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-11-874
405. Zamora, J., Muriel, A., & Abraira, V. (2014). Meta-Disc: Meta-analysis of diagnostic and screening tests [Version 1.4]. Madrid, Spain.
406. Zanarini, M. C., Frankenburg, F. R., Reich, D. B., Fitzmaurice, G., Weinberg, I., & Gunderson, J. G. (2008). The 10-year course of physically self-destructive acts reported by borderline patients and axis II comparison subjects. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 117, 177-184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2008.01155.x
407. Zonda, T. (1991). A longitudinal follow-up study of 583 attempted suicides, based on Hungarian material. Crisis: The Journal of Crisis Intervention and Suicide Prevention, 12, 48-57.
408. Zureik, M., Courbon, D., & Ducimetière, P. (1996). Serum cholesterol concentration and death from suicide in men: Paris prospective study I. BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.), 313, 649-651. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ bmj.313.7058.649
409. Zweig, R. A., & Hinrichsen, G. A. (1993). Factors associated with suicide attempts by depressed older adults: A prospective study. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 150, 1687-1692. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/ajp.150.11.1687