Level of suicidal intent predicts overall mortality and suicide after attempted suicide: A 12-year follow-up study

BMC Psychiatry

Volumn 4, Issue , 2004, Pages

  Suominen, Kirsi ^a,b   Isometsä, Erkki ^a   Ostamo, Aini ^a,c   Lönnqvist, Jouko ^a  

^a NATIONAL PUBLIC HEALTH INSTITUTE   (Finland)

^b JORVI HOSPITAL   (Finland)

^c UNIVERSITY OF TAMPERE   (Finland)

Author keywords

Attempted suicide; Follow up studies; Hopelessness; Outcome; Risk factors; Suicide; Suicide intent

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; FINLAND; FOLLOW UP; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MENTAL HEALTH CARE; MORTALITY; PATIENT REFERRAL; PREDICTION; PSYCHOLOGIC TEST; RATING SCALE; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTOR; SAMPLING; SCORING SYSTEM; STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE; SUICIDAL BEHAVIOR; SUICIDE ATTEMPT;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGE FACTORS; CAUSE OF DEATH; EMOTIONS; FEMALE; FINLAND; FOLLOW-UP STUDIES; HEALTH SURVEYS; HUMANS; INTENTION; MALE; PSYCHIATRIC STATUS RATING SCALES; RISK FACTORS; SEX FACTORS; SUICIDE; SUICIDE, ATTEMPTED; SURVIVAL ANALYSIS;

EID: 2642528646     PISSN: 1471244X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/1471-244X-4-11     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Harris EC, Barraclough B: Suicide as an outcome for mental disorders: a meta-analysis. Br J Psychiatry 1997, 170:205-228.
2. Beck AT, Schuyler D, Herman I: Development of Suicidal Intent Scales. In The Prediction of Suicide Edited by: Beck AT, Resnick HLP, Lettieri DJ. Bowie, Maryland: Charles Press; 1974:45-56.
3. Pierce DW: The predictive validation of a suicide intent scale: a five year follow-up. Br J Psychiatry 1981, 139:391-396.
4. Pallis DJ, Gibbons JS, Pierce DW: Estimating suicide risk among attempted suicides II. Efficiency of predictive scales after the attempt. Br J Psychiatry 1984, 144:139-148.
5. Lönnqvist J, Tolppanen E-M: Outcome of attempted suicide. In Psychiatry - the state of the art Edited by: Pichot P, Berner P, Wolf R, Thau K. New York: Plenum Press; 1985:889-894.
6. Lönnqvist J, Ostamo A: Suicide following the first suicide attempt. A five-year follow-up using a survival analysis. Psychiatr Fenn 1991, 22:171-179.
7. Suokas J, Lönnqvist J: Outcome of attempted suicide and psychiatric consultation: risk factors and suicide mortality during a five-year follow-up. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1991, 84:545-549.
8. Linehan MM: Suicidal people: One population or two? In Psychobiology of Suicidal Behavior Ann NY Acad Sci 1986, 487:16-33.
9. Beck AT, Weissman A, Lester D, Trexler L: The measurement of pessimism: the hopelessness scale. J Consult Clin Psychol 1974, 42:861-865.
10. Beck AT, Steer RA, Kovacs M, Garrison B: Hopelessness and eventual suicide: a 10-year prospective study of patients hospitalized with suicidal ideation. Am J Psychiatry 1985, 142:559-563.
11. Fawcett J, Scheftner W, Clark D, Hedeker D, Gibbons R, Coryell W: Clinical predictors of suicide in patients with major affective disorders: a controlled prospective study. Am J Psychiatry 1987, 144:35-40.
12. Beck AT, Brown G, Steer RA: Prediction of eventual suicide in psychiatric inpatients by clinical ratings of hopelessness. J Consult Clin Psychol 1989, 57:309-310.
13. Beck AT, Brown G, Berchick RJ, Stewart BL, Steer RA: Relationship between hopelessness and ultimate suicide: a replication with psychiatric outpatients. Am J Psychiatry 1990, 147:190-195.
14. Weishaar ME, Beck AT: Hopelessness and suicide. Int Review Psychiatry 1992, 4:177-184.
15. Keller F, Wolfersdorf M: Hopelessness and the tendency to commit suicide in the course of depressive disorders. Crisis 1993, 14:173-177.
16. Nordentoft M, Breum L, Munck LK, Nordestgaard AG, Hunding A, Bjaeldager PAL: High mortality by natural and unnatural causes: a 10 year follow up study of patients admitted to a poisoning treatment centre after suicide attempts. BMJ 1993, 306:1637-1641.
17. Hawton K, Fagg J: Suicide, and other causes of death, following attempted suicide. Br J Psychiatry 1988, 152:359-366.
18. Suokas J, Suominen K, Isometsä E, Ostamo A, Lönnqvist J: Longterm risk factors for suicide mortality after attempted suicide - findings of a 14-year follow-up study. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2001, 104:117-121.
19. Ostamo A, Rasanen L, Valjakka S, Lönnqvist J: WHO/EURO Multicentre Study on Parasuicide: The repetition-prediction study in Finland. Materials and Methods Publications of the National Public Health Institute B 18/1995. Helsinki: Yliopistopaino; 1995.
20. Bille-Brahe U, Kerkhof A, De Leo D, Schmidtke A, Crepet P, Lönnqvist J, Michel K, Salander-Renberg E, Stiles TC, Wasserman D, Egebo H: A repetition-prediction study on European parasuicide populations. Part II of the WHO/Euro Multicentre Study on Parasuicide in cooperation with the EC concerted action on attempted suicide. Crisis 1996, 17:22-31.
21. Bille-Brahe U, Kerkhof A, De Leo D, Schmidtke A, Crepet P, Lönnqvist J, Michel K, Salander-Renberg E, Stiles TC, Wasserman D, Aagaard B, Egebo H, Jensen B: A repetition-prediction study of European parasuicide populations: a summary of the first report from Part II of the WHO/EURO Multicentre Study on Parasuicide in co-operation with the EC Concerted Action on Attempted Suicide. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1997, 95:81-86.
22. Schmidtke A, Bille-Brahe U, De Leo D, Kerkhof A, Bjerke T, Crepet P, Haring C, Hawton K, Lönnqvist J, Michel K, Pommereau X, Querejeta I, Phillipe I, Salander-Renberg E, Temesvary B, Wasserman D, Fricke S, Weinacker B, Sampaio-Faria JG: Attempted suicide in Europe: rates, trends and sociodemographic characteristics of suicide attempters during the period 1989-1992. Results of the WHO/EURO Multicentre Study on Parasuicide. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1996, 93:327-338.
23. World Health Organization: Working Group on Preventive Practices in Suicide and Attempted Suicide: Summary Report (ICP/PSF 017 (s) 6526 V) Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe; 1986.
24. Kerkhof AJFM, Bernasco W, Bille-Brahe U, Platt S, Schmidtke A: European Parasuicide Study Interview Schedule (EPSIS I). Version 5.1. In WHO/EURO Multicentre Study on Parasuicide. Facts and figures Edited by: Bille-Brahe U, Bjerke T, Crepet P, De Leo D, Haring C, Hawton K, Kerkhof A, Lönnqvist J, Michel K, Philippe A, Pommereau X, Querejeta I, Salander-Renberg E, Schmidtke A, Temesvary B, Wasserman D, Sampaio Faria J. Copenhagen: World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe; 1993:53-118.
25. Spielberger CD: State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory. Research edition Odessa, Florida: Psychological Assessment Resources, Inc; 1988.
26. Rosenberg M: Society and the adolescent self-image Princeton: Princeton University Press; 1965.
27. Bancroft JHJ, Skrimshire AM, Simkin S: The reasons people give for taking overdoses. Br J Psychiatry 1976, 128:538-548.
28. Bancroft JHJ, Hawton K, Simkin S, Kingston B, Cumming C, Whitwell D: The reasons people give for taking overdoses: a further inquiry. Br J Modern Psychology 1979, 52:353-365.
29. Beck AT, Ward CH, Mendelson M, Mock J, Erbaugh J: An inventory for measuring depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1961, 4:561-571.
30. Statistics Finland: Causes of death 2002. Official Statistics of Finland, Health 2003: 2. Helsinki 2003.
31. Suomen säädöskokoelma: Laki kuolemansyyn selvittämisestä (459/1973). Helsinki 1997.
32. Beautrais AL, Joyce PR, Mulder RT, Fergusson DM, Deavoll BJ, Nightingale SK: Prevalence and comorbidity of mental disorders in persons making serious suicide attempts: a case-control study. Am J Psychiatry 1996, 153:1009-1014.
33. Suominen K, Henriksson M, Suokas J, Isometsä E, Ostamo A, Lönnqvist J: Mental disorders and comorbidity in attempted suicide. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1996, 94:234-240.
34. Ferreira de Castro E, Cunha MA, Pimenta F, Costa I: Parasuicide and mental disorders. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1998, 97:25-31.
35. Haw C, Hawton K, Houston K, Townsend E: Psychiatric and personality disorders in deliberate self-harm patients. Br J Psychiatry 2001, 178:48-54.
36. Hawton K, Houston K, Haw C, Townsend E, Harris L: Comorbidity of axis I and and II disorders in patients who attempted suicide. Am J Psychiatry 2003, 160:1494-1500.
37. Beautrais A, Joyce P, Mulder R: Unmet needs following serious suicide attempt: follow-up of 302 individuals for 30 months. In Unmet Need in Psychiatry Edited by: Andrews, Henderson. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1999:245-255.
38. Nordström P, Samuelsson M, Åsberg M: Survival analysis of suicide risk after attempted suicide. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1995, 91:336-340.
39. Rygnestad T: A prospective 5-year follow-up study of self-poisoned patients. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1988, 77:328-331.
40. Ekeberg O, Ellingsen O, Jacobsen D: Suicide and other causes of death in a five-year follow-up of patients treated foe self-poisoning in Oslo. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1991, 83:432-437.
41. Beautrais AL: Subsequent mortality in medically serious suicide attempts: a 5 year follow-up. Aust NZ Psychiatry 2003, 37:595-599.
42. Owens D, Horrocks J, House A: Fatal and non-fatal repetition of self-harm. Systematic review. Br J Psychiatry 2002, 181:193-199.
43. Ostamo A, Lönnqvist J: Excess mortality of suicide attempters. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2001, 36:29-35.
44. Hawton K, Zahl D, Weatherall R: Suicide following deliberate self-harm: long-term follow-up of patients who presented to a general hospital. Br J Psychiatry 2003, 182:537-542.
45. Suominen K, Isometsa E, Suokas J, Haukka J, Achte K, Lonnqvist J: Completed suicide after a suicide attempt: a 37-year follow-up study. Am J Psychiatry 2004, 161:562-563.
46. Crawford MJ, Wessely S: Does initial management affect the rate of repetition of deliberate self harm? cohort study. BMJ 1998, 17(3):985.
47. Beck AT, Steer RA: Clinical predictors of eventual suicide: a 5-to 10-year prospective study of suicide attempters. J Affect Disord 1989, 17:203-209.
48. Nimeus A, Träskman-Bendz L, Alsen M: Hopelessness and suicidal behavior. J Affect Disord 1997, 42:137-144.
49. Young MA, Fogg LF, Scheftner WA, Fawcett JA: Interactions of risk factors in predicting suicide. Am J Psychiatry 1994, 151:434-435.