Limited lipid-lowering effects of regular consumption of whole soybean foods

Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism

Volumn 48, Issue 2, 2004, Pages 67-78

  Meyer, Barbara J ^a   Larkin, Theresa A ^a   Owen, Alice J ^a   Astheimer, Lee B ^a   Tapsell, Linda C ^a   Howe, Peter R C ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WOLLONGONG   (Australia)

Author keywords

Cholesterol; Equol; Isoflavones; Soy

Indexed keywords

FATTY ACID; HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; ISOFLAVONE DERIVATIVE; LIPID; LIPOPROTEIN; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; PLACEBO; POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACID; TRIACYLGLYCEROL; YOGHURT;

ADULT; ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; ANALYTIC METHOD; ARTERY COMPLIANCE; ARTICLE; BLOOD ANALYSIS; BLOOD PRESSURE MONITORING; CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM; CHOLESTEROL BLOOD LEVEL; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CLINICAL TRIAL; COMMUNITY; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; CROSSOVER PROCEDURE; DAIRY PRODUCT; DIET RESTRICTION; DIET SUPPLEMENTATION; DISEASE SEVERITY; FEMALE; FOOD COMPOSITION; FOOD INTAKE; HEALTH; HUMAN; HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA; HYPERTENSION; LIPID ANALYSIS; LIPID BLOOD LEVEL; LIPOPROTEIN BLOOD LEVEL; MACRONUTRIENT; MALE; MILK; MULTIPLE REGRESSION; NUTRIENT; OUTCOMES RESEARCH; PREDICTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; RETROSPECTIVE STUDY; SOYBEAN; STATISTICAL MODEL; TRIACYLGLYCEROL BLOOD LEVEL; URINARY EXCRETION; WILCOXON SIGNED RANKS TEST;

GLYCINE MAX;

EID: 84995317097     PISSN: 02506807     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1159/000075592     Document Type: Article

References (62)

1. National Heart Foundation: Heart, stroke and vascular diseases: Australian Facts 2001 Highlights. http://www.heartfoundation.com.au/ statistic/contents.html.
2. Aldercreutz H: Epidemiology of phytoestrogens. Bail Clin Endocr Metab 1998;12:605-623.
3. Anderson JW, Johnstone BM, Cook-Newell ME: Meta-analysis of effects of soy protein intake on serum lipids in humans. N Engl J Med 1995;333:276-282.
4. Baum, J, Teng H, Erdman J, Weigel R, Klein B, et al: Long-term intake of soy protein improves blood lipid profiles and increases mononuclear cell low-density lipoprotein receptor messenger RNA in hypercholesterolaemic, postmenopausal women. Am J Clin Nutr 1998;68:545-551.
5. Sirtori, CR, Pazzucconi F, Colombo L, Battistin P, Bondioli A, Descheemaeker K: Doubleblind study of the addition of high-protein soya milk v. cow's milk to the diet of patients with severe hypercholesterolaemia and resistance to or intolerance of statins. Br J Nutr 1999;82:91-96.
6. Setchell KDR, Cassidy A: Dietary isoflavones: biological effects and relevance to human health. J Nutr 1999;129:758S-767S.
7. Zheng G, Zhu S: Antioxidant effects of soybean isoflavones; in Basu, Temple, Garg (eds): Antioxidants in Human Health. CAB International, 1999, p 123.
8. 2-isoprostane concentrations and increase the resistance of low-density lipoprotein to oxidation in humans. Am J Clin Nutr 2000;72:395-400.
9. Crouse JR, Morgan T, Terry J, Ellis J, Vitolins M, Burke GL: A randomised trial comparing the effect of casein with that of soy protein containing varying amounts of isoflavones on plasma concentrations of lipids and lipoproteins. Arch Intern Med 1999;159:2070-2076.
10. Greaves K, Parks JS, Williams JK, Wagner JD: Intact dietary soy protein, but not adding an isoflavone-rich soy extract to casein, improves plasma lipids in ovariectomised cynomologous monkeys. J Nutr 1999;129:1585-1592.
11. Jenkins DJ, Kendall CW, Garsetti M, Rosenberg-Zand R, Jackson C, Agarwal S et al: The effect of soy protein foods on low-density lipoprotein oxidation and ex vivo sex hormone receptor activity: A controlled cross-over trial. Metab Clin Exp 2000;49:537-543.
12. Yamakoshi J, Piskula MK, Izumi T, Tobe K, Saito M, et al: Isoflavone aglycone-rich extract without soy protein attenuates atherosclerotic development in cholesterol-fed rabbits. J Nutr 2000;130:1887-1893.
13. Nestel PJ, Yamashita T, Sasahara T, Pomeroy SE, Dart A, Komesaroff P, Owen A, Abbey M: Soy isoflavones improve systemic arterial compliance but not plasma lipids in menopausal and perimenopausal women. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1997b;17:3392-3398.
14. Nestel PJ, Pomeroy SK, Komesaroff P, Behrsing J, Cameron JD, West L: Isoflavones from red clover improve systemic arterial compliance but not plasma lipids in menopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999;84:895-898.
15. Washburn S, Burke GL, Morgan T, Anthony M: Effect of soy protein supplementation on serum lipids, blood pressure, and menopausal symptoms in perimenopausal women. Menopause 1999;6:7-13.
16. Hodgson JM, Puddey IB, Beilin LJ, Mori TA, Croft KD: Supplementation with isoflavonoid phytoestrogens does not alter serum lipid concentrations: A randomized controlled trial in humans. J Nutr 1998;128:728-732.
17. Morris MC, Sacks F, Rosner B: Does fish oil lower blood pressure? A meta-analysis of controlled trials. Circulation 1993;88:523-533.
18. Nestel PJ, Pomeroy SE, Sasahara T, Yamashita T, Liang YL, Dart A, Jennings GL, Abbey M, Cameron JD: Arterial compliance in obese subjects is improved with dietary plant n-3 fatty acid from flaxseed oil despite increased LDL oxidizability. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1997;17:1163-1170.
19. Nestel PJ: Fish oil and cardiovascular disease: Lipids and arterial function. Am J Clin Nutr 2000;71(suppl):228S-231S.
20. McVeigh GE, Brennan GM, Cohn JN, Finkelstein SM, Hayes RJ, Johnston GD: Fish oil improves arterial compliance in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Arterioscler Thromb 1994;14:1425-1429.
21. Altman DG: Statistics and ethics in medical research. III. How large a sample? Br Med J 1980;281:1336-1338.
22. Tapsell LC, Pettengell K, Denmeade SL: Assessment of narrative approach to the diet history. Publ Hlth Nutr 1999;2:61-67.
23. 2+ precipitation procedure for quantitation of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Clin Chem 1982;28:1379-1388.
24. Friedewald WT, Levy RI, Fredickson DS: Estimation of the concentration of LDL cholesterol in plasma without the use of the preparative ultracentrifuge. Clin Chem 1972;18:499-502.
25. Lepage G, Roy G: Direct transesterification of all classes of lipid in a one-step reaction. J Lipid Res 1986;27:114-120.
26. Gamache PH, Acworth IN: Analysis of phytoestrogens and polyphenols in plasma, tissue, and urine using HPLC with coulometric array detection. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1998;217:274-280.
27. Pickering TG: Blood pressure measurement and detection of hypertension. Lancet 1994;344:31-35.
28. Chen Z, Zheng W, Custer LJ, Dai Q, Shu XO, Jin F, Franke AA: Usual dietary consumption of soy foods and its correlation with the excretion rate of isoflavonoids in overnight urine samples among Chinese women in Shanghai. Nutr Cancer 1999;33:82-87.
29. Lampe JW, Karr S, Hutchins AM, Slavin JL: Urinary equol excretion with a soy challenge: Influence of habitual diet. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1998;217:335-339.
30. Cassidy A, Bingham S, Setchell KD: Biological effects of a diet of soy protein rich in isoflavones on the menstrual cycle of premenopausal women. Am J Clin Nutr 1994;60:333-340.
31. Karr S, Lampe JW, Hutchins AM, Slavin JL: Urinary isoflavonoid excretion in humans is dose dependent at low to moderate levels of soy protein consumption. Am J Clin Nutr 1997;66:46-51.
32. Kelly GE, Joannou GE, Reeder AY, Nelson C, Waring MA: The variable metabolic response to dietary isoflavones in humans. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1995;208:40-43.
33. Stein K: FDA approves health claim labeling of foods containing soy protein. J Am Diet Assoc 2000;100:292.
34. Potter SM, Baum JA, Teng H, Stillman RJ, Shay NF, Erdman JW: Soy protein and isoflavones: Their effect on blood lipids and bone density in postmenopausal women. Am J Clin Nutr 1998;68:1375S-1379S.
35. Merz-Demlow BE, Duncan AM, Wangen KE, Xu X, Carr TP, Phipps WR, Kurzer MS: Soy isoflavones improve plasma lipids in normocholesterolemic, premenopausal women. Am J Clin Nutr 2000;71:1462-1469.
36. Rowland IR, Wiseman H, Sanders A, Aldercreutz H, Bowey EA: Interindividual variation in metabolism of soy isoflavones and lignans: Influence of habitual diet on equol production by the gut microflora. Nutr Cancer 2000;36:27-32.
37. Setchell KDR, Brown N, Lydeking-Olsen E: Equol - the forgotten isoflavone may be the clue to the clinical effectiveness of soy and its isoflavones. J Nutr 2002;in press.
38. Duncan AM, Merz-Demlow BE, Xu X, Phipps WR, Kurzer MS: Premenopausal equol excretors show plasma hormone profiles associated with lowered risk of breast cancer. Cancer Epi Biomarkers Prevention 2000;9:581-586.
39. Lampe JW, Skor HE, Atkinson C, Frankenfeld CL: Intestinal bacterial conversion of the soy isoflavone daidzein to equol: Implications for human health (abstract). 4th International Symposium on the Role of Soy in Preventing and Treating Chronic Disease, 2001, p 30.
40. Lyderking-Olsen E, Jensen JBE, Setchell KDR, Damhus M, Jensen TH: Isoflavone-rich soymilk prevents bone loss in the lumbar spine of postmenopausal women. A 2-year study. Submitted.
41. Lovati MR, Manzoni C, Canavesi A, Sirtori M, Vaccarino V, Marchi M, Gaddi G, Sirtori CR: Soybean protein diet increases low-density lipoprotein receptor activity in mononuclear cells from hypercholesterolaemic patients. J Clin Invest 1987;80:1498-1502.
42. Kirk EA, Sutherland P, Wang SA, Chait A, LeBoeuf RC: Dietary isoflavones reduce plasma cholesterol and atherosclerosis in C57BL/6 mice but not LDL receptor-deficient mice. J Nutr 1998;128:954-959.
43. Keys A, Anderson JT, Grande F: Prediction of serum cholesterol responses of man to changes in fats in the diet. Lancet 1957;ii:959-966.
44. Hegsted DM, McGrandy RB, Meyers ML, Stare FJ: Quantitative effects of dietary fat on serum cholesterol in man. Am J Clin Nutr 1965;17:281-295.
45. Brown L, Rosner B, Willet WW, Sacks FM: Cholesterol-lowering effects of dietary fibre: a meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr 1999;69:30-42.
46. Hendriks HFJ, Weststrate JA, van Vliet T, Meijer GW: Spreads enriched with three different levels of vegetable oil sterols and the degree of cholesterol lowering in normocholesterolaemic and mildly hypercholesterolaemic subjects. Eur J Clin Nutr 1999;53:319-327.
47. Law M: Plant sterol and stanol margarines and health. Br Med J 2000;320:861-864.
48. Huff MW, Giovannetti PM, Wolfe BM: Turnover of very low-density lipoprotein-apoprotein B is increased by substitution of soybean protein for meat and dairy protein in the diets of hypercholesterolaemic men. Am J Clin Nutr 1984;39:888-897.
49. Medh JD, Bowen SL, Fry GL, Ruben S, Hill J, Howard W, Chappell DA: Hepatic triglyceride lipase promotes low-density lipoprotein receptor-mediated catabolism of very low-density lipoproteins in vitro. J Lipid Res 1999;40:1263-1275.
50. Danesh J, Collins R, Peto R: Lipoprotein(a) and coronary heart disease. Meta-analysis of prospective studies. Circulation 2000;102:1082-1085.
51. Tonolo G, Ciccarese M, Brizzi P, Milia S, Dessole S, Puddu L, Sechhi G, Maioli M: Cyclical variation of plasma lipids, apolipoproteins, and lipoprotein(a) during menstrual cycle of normal women. Am J Physiol 1995;269:E1101-E1105.
52. Henriksson P, Angelin B, Berglund L: Hormonal effects of serum Lp(a) levels. J Clin Invest 1992;89:1166-1171.
53. Breinholt V, Larsen JC: Detection of weak oestrogenic flavonoids using a recombinant yeast strain and a modified MCF7 cell proliferation assay. Chem Res Toxicol 1998;11:622-629.
54. Tham DM, Gardner CD, Haskell WL: Potential health benefits of dietary phytoestrogens: a review of the clinical, epidemiological and mechanistic evidence. J Clin Endocrin Metab 1998;83:2223-2235.
55. Teede HJ, Dalais F, Kotsopolous D, Liang YL, Davis S, McGrath BP: Dietary soy has both beneficial and potentially adverse cardiovascular effects: a placebo-controlled study in men and postmenopausal women. J Clin Endocrin Metab 2001;86:3053-3060.
56. Nilausen K, Meinertz H: Lipoprotein(a) and dietary proteins: Casein lowers lipoprotein(a) concentrations as compared with soy protein. Am J Clin Nutr 1999;69:419-425.
57. Teixeira SR, Potter SM, Weigel R, Hannum S, Erdman JW, Hasler CM: Effects of feeding 4 levels of soy protein for 3 and 6 months on blood lipids and apolipoproteins in moderately hypercholesterolaemic men. Am J Clin Nutr 2000;71:1077-1084.
58. Wangen KE, Duncan AM, Xu X, Kurzer MS: Soy isoflavones improve plasma lipids in normocholesterolaemic and mildly hypercholesterolaemic postmenopausal women. Am J Clin Nutr 2001;73:225-231.
59. Ginsberg HN, Kris-Etherton P, Dennis B, Elmer PJ, Ershow A, Lefevre M, Pearson T, Roheim P, Ramakrishnan R, Reed R, Stewart K, Stewart P, Phillips K, Anderson N: Effects of reducing dietary saturated fatty acids on plasma lipids and lipoproteins in healthy subjects: The DELTA Study, protocol 1. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1998;18:441-449.
60. Breinholt V, Hossaini A, Svendsen GW, Brouwer C, Nielsen E: Oestrogenic activity of flavonoids in mice: The importance of oestrogen receptor distribution, metabolism and bioavailability. Food Chem Toxicol 2000;38:555-564.
61. Lungerhausen, YK, Howe PRC: Improved detection of a blood pressure response to dietary intervention with 24-hour ambulatory monitoring. Am J Hypertens 1994;7:1115-1117.
62. Hodgson JM, Puddey IB, Beilin LJ, Mori TA, Burke V, Croft KD, Rogers PB: Effects of isoflavones on blood pressure in subjects with high-normal ambulatory blood pressure levels: A randomised controlled trial. Am J Hypertens 1999;12:47-53.