Cord Blood: Establishing a National Hematopoietic Stem Cell Bank Program

Cord Blood: Establishing a National Hematopoietic Stem Cell Bank Program

Volumn , Issue , 2005, Pages 1-314

  Meyer, Emily Ann ^a   Hanna, Kathi ^a   Gebbie, Kristine ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84991497190     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.17226/11269     Document Type: Book

References (382)

1. Barker JN, Wagner JE. 2003. Umbilical-cord blood transplantation for the treatment of cancer. Nature Reviews Cancer 3(7):526-532.
2. Barker JN, Weisdorf DJ, Wagner JE. 2001. Creation of a double chimera after the transplantation of umbilical-cord blood from two partially matched unrelated donors. New England Journal of Medicine 344(24):1870-1871.
3. Barker JN, Krepski TP, DeFor TE, Davies SM, Wagner JE, Weisdorf DJ. 2002. Searching for unrelated donor hematopoietic stem cells: Availability and speed of umbilical cord blood versus bone marrow. Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation 8(5):257-260.
4. Barker JN, Weisdorf DJ, DeFor TE, Blazar BR, Miller JS, Wagner JE. 2003. Rapid and complete donor chimerism in adult recipients of unrelated donor umbilical cord blood transplantation after reduced-intensity conditioning. Blood 102(5):1915-1919.
5. Barker JN, Weisdorf DJ, Defor TE, Blazar BR, McGlave PB, Miller JS, Verfaillie CM, Wagner JE. 2005. Transplantation of 2 partially HLA-matched umbilical cord blood units to enhance engraftment in adults with hematologic malignancy. Blood 105(3):1343-1347.
6. Beatty PG, Dahlberg S, Mickelson EM, Nisperos B, Opelz G, Martin PJ, Hansen JA. 1988. Probability of finding HLA-matched unrelated marrow donors. Transplantation 45(4): 714-718.
7. BMDW (Bone Marrow Donors Worldwide). 2004. Bone Marrow Donors Worldwide Annual Report 2003. Leiden, The Netherlands: Europdonor Foundation.
8. Buckner CD, Clift RA, Sanders JE, Stewart P, Bensinger WI, Doney KC, Sullivan KM, Witherspoon RP, Deeg HJ, Appelbaum FR. 1984. Marrow harvesting from normal donors. Blood 64(3):630-634.
9. Confer DL. 1997. Unrelated marrow donor registries. Current Opinion in Hematology 4(6): 408-412.
10. de Lima M, Champlin R. 2001. Unrelated donor hematopoietic transplantation. Reviews in Clinical and Experimental Hematology 5(2):100-134.
11. GAO (General Accounting Office). 2002. Bone Marrow Transplants: Despite Recruitment Successes, National Program May Be Underutilized. Washington, DC: General Accounting Office.
12. Gluckman E, Rocha V, Boyer-Chammard A, Locatelli F, Arcese W, Pasquini R, Ortega J, Souillet G, Ferreira E, Laporte JP, Fernandez M, Chastang C. 1997. Outcome of cordblood transplantation from related and unrelated donors. Eurocord Transplant Group and the European Blood and Marrow Transplantation Group. New England Journal of Medicine 337(6):373-381.
13. Goldberg SL, Chedid S, Jennis AA, Preti RA. 2000. Unrelated cord blood transplantation in adults: A single institution experience. Blood 96:208a.
14. Grewal SS, Barker JN, Davies SM, Wagner JE. 2003. Unrelated donor hematopoietic cell transplantation: Marrow or umbilical cord blood? Blood 101(11):4233-4244.
15. Kernan NA, Bartsch G, Ash RC, Beatty PG, Champlin R, Filipovich A, Gajewski J, Hansen JA, Henslee-Downey J, McCullough J, McGlave P, Perkins HA, Phillips GL, Sanders J, Stroncek D, Thomas ED, Blume KG. 1993. Analysis of 462 transplantations from unrelated donors facilitated by the National Marrow Donor Program. New England Journal of Medicine 328(9):593-602.
16. Kurtzberg J, Scaradavou M, Wagner J, et al. 2000. Banked umbilical cord blood is an excellent source of donor hematopoietic stem cells for infants with malignant and nonmalignant conditions lacking a related donor. Blood 96:587a.
17. Laughlin MJ, Barker J, Bambach B, Koc ON, Rizzieri DA, Wagner JE, Gerson SL, Lazarus HM, Cairo M, Stevens CE, Rubinstein P, Kurtzberg J. 2001. Hematopoietic engraftment and survival in adult recipients of umbilical-cord blood from unrelated donors. New England Journal of Medicine 344(24):1815-1822.
18. Linch DC, Brent L. 1989. Marrow transplantation. Can cord blood be used? Nature 340(6236):676.
19. Locatelli F, Rocha V, Chastang C, Arcese W, Michel G, Abecasis M, Messina C, Ortega J, Badell-Serra I, Plouvier E, Souillet G, Jouet JP, Pasquini R, Ferreira E, Garnier F, Gluckman E. 1999. Factors associated with outcome after cord blood transplantation in children with acute leukemia. Eurocord-Cord Blood Transplant Group. Blood 93(11): 3662-3671.
20. Nash RA, Pepe MS, Storb R, Longton G, Pettinger M, Anasetti C, Appelbaum FR, Bowden RA, Deeg HJ, Doney K. 1992. Acute graft-versus-host disease: Analysis of risk factors after allogeneic marrow transplantation and prophylaxis with cyclosporine and methotrexate. Blood 80(7):1838-1845.
21. NetCord. 2005. NetCord By-Laws. [Online] Available: https://www.netcord.org/netcord_bylaws.pdf [accessed January 2005].
22. NMDP (National Marrow Donor Program). 2004. 2003 Report to the Community. [Online] Available: http://www.marrow.org/NMDP/report_to_community03.pdf [accessed January 2005].
23. Rocha V, Arcese W, Sanz G. 2000. Prognostic factors of outcome after unrelated cord blood transplantation. Blood 96:567a.
24. Rubinstein P, Carrier C, Scaradavou A, Kurtzberg J, Adamson J, Migliaccio AR, Berkowitz RL, Cabbad M, Dobrila NL, Taylor PE, Rosenfield RE, Stevens CE. 1998. Outcomes among 562 recipients of placental-blood transplants from unrelated donors. New England Journal of Medicine 339(22):1565-1567.
25. Stevens CE. 2004. Unrelated cord blood for transplantation: Collections and processing. Presentation at the meeting of the Committee on Establishing a National Cord Blood Stem Cell Bank Program, Meeting 2, August 18, 2004, Beckman Center, Irvine, CA.
26. Thomson BG, Robertson KA, Gowan D, Heilman D, Broxmeyer HE, Emanuel D, Kotylo P, Brahmi Z, Smith FO. 2000. Analysis of engraftment, graft-versus-host disease, and immune recovery following unrelated donor cord blood transplantation. Blood 96(8):2703- 2711.
27. Wagner JE, Barker JN, DeFor TE, Baker KS, Blazar BR, Eide C, Goldman A, Kersey J, Krivit W, MacMillan ML, Orchard PJ, Peters C, Weisdorf DJ, Ramsay NKC, Davies SM. 2002. Transplantation of unrelated donor umbilical cord blood in 102 patients with malignant and nonmalignant diseases: Influence of CD34 cell dose and HLA disparity on treatment-related mortality and survival. Blood 100(5):1611-1618.
28. AAP (American Academy of Pediatrics). 1999. Cord blood banking for potential future transplantation: Subject review. Work Group on Cord Blood Banking. Pediatrics 104 (1 Pt 1):116-118.
29. Allsopp RC, Vaziri H, Patterson C, Goldstein S, Younglai EV, Futcher AB, Greider CW, Harley CB. 1992. Telomere length predicts replicative capacity of human fibroblasts. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (U. S. A.) 89(21):10114-10118.
30. Amos TA, Gordon MY. 1995. Sources of human hematopoietic stem cells for transplantation- A review. Cell Transplantation 4(6):547-569.
31. Ash RC, Horowitz MM, Gale RP, van Bekkum DW, Casper JT, Gordon-Smith EC, Henslee PJ, Kolb HJ, Lowenberg B, Masaoka T. 1991. Bone marrow transplantation from related donors other than HLA-identical siblings: Effect of T cell depletion. Bone Marrow Transplantation 7(6):443-452.
32. Atkinson K. 1990. Reconstruction of the haemopoietic and immune systems after marrow transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplantation 5(4):209-226.
33. Barker JN, Wagner JE. 2003a. Umbilical-cord blood transplantation for the treatment of cancer. Nature Review Cancer 3(7):526-532.
34. BarkerJN,WagnerJE.2003b.Umbilicalcordbloodtransplantation: Current practice and future innovations. Critical Reviews in Oncology-Hematology 48(1):35-43.
35. Barker JN, Davies SM, DeFor T, Ramsay NK, Weisdorf DJ, Wagner JE. 2001. Survival after transplantation of unrelated donor umbilical cord blood is comparable to that of human leukocyte antigen-matched unrelated donor bone marrow: Results of a matched-pair analysis. Blood 97(10):2957-2961.
36. Barker JN, Weisdorf DJ, DeFor TE, Blazar BR, Miller JS, Wagner JE. 2003. Rapid and complete donor chimerism in adult recipients of unrelated donor umbilical cord blood transplantation after reduced-intensity conditioning. Blood 102(5):1915-1919.
37. Baxter-Lowe LA, Kim Y, Carter S, Fernandez-Vina M, Wagner E, Jensen L, Fraser J, Kernan N, Kurtzberg J. 2003. Ability of minority patients to find donors from an ethnically diverse cord blood bank. Presentation at the 29th Annual Meeting of the American Society for Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics, October 28-November 1, 2003, Miami, FL.
38. Benacerraf B. 1992. The role of MHC gene products in immune regulation and its relevance to alloreactivity. In: Lindsten J, ed. Nobel Lectures, Physiology or Medicine, 1971- 1980. Singapore: World Scientific Publishing Co. [Online] Available: http://nobelprize. org/medicine/laureates/1980/benacerraf-lecture.html [accessed January 2005].
39. Bjorkman PJ, Parham P. 1990. Structure, function, and diversity of class I major histocompatibility complex molecules. Annual Review Biochemistry 59:253-288.
40. BMDW (Bone Marrow Donors Worldwide). 2004. Bone Marrow Donors Worldwide Annual Report 2003. Leiden, The Netherlands: Europdonor Foundation.
41. Bodger MP. 1987. Isolation of hemopoietic progenitor cells from human umbilical cord blood. Experimental Hematology 15(8):869-876.
42. Broxmeyer HE. 1998. The past, present, and future of cord blood transplantation. In: Broxmeyer HE, ed. Cellular Charactristics of Cord Blood and Cord Blood Transplantation. Bethesda, MD: AABB Press. Pp. 1-9.
43. Caro MS, Cohen G, Wagner EL, Fraser J, Jensen L, Carter S, Kernan N, Kurtzberg, J. 2004. Cord blood (CB) hematopoietic progenitor cell (HPC) characterization and correlation with ethnicity: A report from the COBLT study. Presentation at the 33rd Annual Scientific Meeting of the International Society for Experimental Hematology, July 17-20, 2004, New Orleans, LA.
44. Carter S. 2004. Cord Blood Transplantation Study (COBLT). Presentation to the Institute of Medicine Committee on Establishing a National Cord Blood Stem Cell Bank Program, September 29, 2004, Woods Hole, MA.
45. Catlin AJ, Gonzalez-Ryan L, Van Syckle K, Coyne KD, Glover N. 2000. Umbilical cord blood banking: Procedural and ethical concerns for this new birth option. Pediatric Nursing 26(1):105-111.
46. COBLT (Cord Blood Transplantation Study). 2000a. Cord Blood Transplantation Study Expanded Access Protocol. The National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health. Potomac, MD: The EMMES Corporation.
47. COBLT. 2000b. Cord Blood Transplantation Study Protocol. The National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health. Potomac, MD: The EMMES Corporation.
48. COBLT. 2003. Cord Blood Transplantation Study Protocol, The National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health. Potomac, MD: The EMMES Corporation.
49. Cornetta K, Laughlin M, Carter S, Wall D, Weinthal J, Delaney C, Wagner J, Sweetman R, McCarthy P, Chao N. 2005. Umbilical cord blood transplantation in adults: Results of the prospective cord blood transplantation (COBLT). Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation 11(2):149-160.
50. Dausset J. 1981. The major histocompatibility complex in man. Science 213(4515):1469- 1474.
51. Fernandez MN. 1998. Eurocord position on ethical and legal issues involved in cord blood transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplantation 22(Suppl. 1):S84-S85.
52. Fruchtman SM, Hurlet A, Dracker R, Isola L, Goldman B, Schneider BL, Emre S. 2004. The successful treatment of severe aplastic anemia with autologous cord blood transplantation. Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation 10(11):741-742.
53. Gluckman E, Locatelli F. 2000. Umbilical cord blood transplants. Current Opinion in Hematology 7(6):353-357.
54. Gluckman E, Rocha V, Boyer-Chammard A, Locatelli F, Arcese W, Pasquini R, Ortega J, Souillet G, Ferreira E, Laporte JP, Fernandez M, Chastang C. 1997. Outcome of cordblood transplantation from related and unrelated donors. Eurocord Transplant Group and the European Blood and Marrow Transplantation Group. New England Journal of Medicine 337(6):373-381.
55. Gluckman E, Rocha V, Arcese W, Michel G, Sanz G, Chan KW, Takahashi TA, Ortega J, Filipovich A, Locatelli F, Asano S, Fagioli F, Vowels M, Sirvent A, Laporte JP, Tiedemann K, Amadori S, Abecassis M, Bordigoni P, Diez B, Shaw PJ, Vora A, Caniglia M, Garnier F, Ionescu I, Garcia J, Koegler G, Rebulla P, Chevret S, Eurocord Group. 2004. Factors associated with outcomes of unrelated cord blood transplant: Guidelines for donor choice. Experimental Hematology 32(4):397-407.
56. Grewal SS, Barker JN, Davies SM, Wagner JE. 2003. Unrelated donor hematopoietic cell transplantation: Marrow or umbilical cord blood? Blood 101(11):4233-4244.
57. Guyton A, Hall J, eds. 2000. Red blood cells, anemia, and polycythemia. In: Textbook of Medical Physiology. 10th ed. Philadelphia, PA: W. B. Saunders and Co. Pp. 382-391.
58. Hansen JA, Anasetti C, Beatty PG, Martin PJ, Sanders JE, Storb R, Thomas ED. 1990. Treatment of leukemia by marrow transplantation from HLA incompatible donors. Effect of HLA-disparity on GVHD, relapse and survival. Bone Marrow Transplantation 6(Suppl. 1):108-111.
59. Hansen JA, Gooley TA, Martin PJ, Appelbaum F, Chauncey TR, Clift RA, Petersdorf EW, Radich J, Sanders JE, Storb RF, Sullivan KM, Anasetti C. 1998. Bone marrow transplants from unrelated donors for patients with chronic myeloid leukemia. New England Journal of Medicine 338(14):962-968.
60. Harris DT. 1995. In vitro and in vivo assessment of the graft-versus-leukemia activity of cord blood. Bone Marrow Transplantation 15(1):17-23.
61. Harris DT, LoCascio J, Besencon FJ. 1994. Analysis of the alloreactive capacity of human umbilical cord blood: Implications for graft-versus-host disease. Bone Marrow Transplantation 14(4):545-553.
62. HRSA (Health Resources and Services Administration). 2000. Report to Congress on the Status of Umbilical Cord Blood Transplantation.
63. Hurley CK. 2005. HLA Overview: An analysis prepared for the Committee on Establishing a National Cord Blood Stem Cell Bank, Institute of Medicine, Washington, DC.
64. Hurley CK, Hegland J, Fernandez-Vina M, Maiers M, Lazaro A, Hartzman RJ, Cao K, Ng J, Janzen M, Setterholm M. 2003. Designing a typing system for a hematopoietic stem cell registry. In: Hansen JA, Dupont B, eds. HLA 2002: Immunobiology of the Human MHC. Seattle, WA: IHWG Press.
65. Janeway C, Travers P, Walport M, Shlomchik M, 2005. Immunobiology. 6th ed. New York: Garland Publishing.
66. Kernan NA, Bartsch G, Ash RC, Beatty PG, Champlin R, Filipovich A, Gajewski J, Hansen JA, Henslee-Downy J, McCullough J, McGlave P, Perkins H, Phillips G, Sanders J, Strocek D, Thomas ED, Blume KG. 1993. Analysis of 462 transplantations from unrelated donors facilitated by the National Marrow Donor Program. New England Journal of Medicine 328(9):593-602.
67. Knudtzon S. 1974. In vitro growth of granulocytic colonies from circulating cells in human cord blood. Blood 43(3):357-361.
68. Kurtzberg J, Wagner EL, Fraser JK, Cairo M, Jensen L, Cohen G, Carter S, Kernan N. 2003. Results of the Cord Blood Transplantation Study (COBLT) unrelated donor banking program from donor screening to characterization of banked units. Presentation at the 2004 Tandem BMT Meeting, February 13-17, 2004, Orlando, FL.
69. Lansdorp PM. 1995a. Telomere length and proliferation potential of hematopoietic stem cells. Journal Cell Science 108(Pt 1):1-6.
70. Lansdorp PM. 1995b. Developmental changes in the function of hematopoietic stem cells. Experimental Hematology 23(3):187-191.
71. Laughlin MJ, Rizzieri DA, Smith CA, Moore JO, Lilly S, McGaughey D, Martin P, Carrier C, Stevens CE, Rubinstein P, Buckley R, Kurtzberg J. 1998. Hematologic engraftment and reconstitution of immune function post unrelated placental cord blood transplant in an adult with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Leukemia Research 22(3):215-219.
72. Laughlin MJ, Barker J, Bambach B, Koc ON, Rizzieri DA, Wagner JE, Gerson SL, Lazarus HM, Cairo M, Stevens CE, Rubinstein P, Kurtzberg J. 2001. Hematopoietic engraftment and survival in adult recipients of umbilical-cord blood from unrelated donors. New England Journal of Medicine 344(24):1815-1822.
73. Laughlin MJ, Eapen M, Rubinstein P, Wagner JE, Zhang MJ, Champlin RE, Stevens C, Barker JN, Gale RP, Lazarus HM, Marks DI, van Rood JJ, Scaradavou A, Horowitz MM. 2004. Outcomes after transplantation of cord blood or bone marrow from unrelated donors in adults with leukemia. New England Journal of Medicine 351(22):2265- 2275.
74. Leung W, Ramirez M, Mukherjee G, Perlman EJ, Civin CI. 1999. Comparisons of alloreactive potential of clinical hematopoietic grafts. Transplantation 68(5):628-635.
75. Locatelli F, Rocha V, Chastang C, Arcese W, Michel G, Abecasis M, Messina C, Ortega J, Badell-Serra I, Plouvier E, Souillet G, Jouet JP, Pasquini R, Ferreira E, Garnier F, Gluckman E. 1999. Factors associated with outcome after cord blood transplantation in children with acute leukemia. Eurocord-Cord Blood Transplant Group. Blood 93(11): 3662-3671.
76. Locatelli F, Rocha V, Reed W, Bernaudin F, Ertem M, Grafakos S, Brichard B, Li X, Nagler A, Giorgiani G, Haut PR, Brochstein JA, Nugent DJ, Blatt J, Woodard P, Kurtzberg J, Rubin CM, Miniero R, Lutz P, Raja T, Roberts I, Will AM, Yaniv I, Vermylen C, Tannoia N, Garnier F, Ionescu I, Walters MC, Lubin BH, Gluckman E. 2003. Related umbilical cord blood transplantation in patients with thalassemia and sickle cell disease. Blood 101(6):2137-2143.
77. Margolis DA, Casper JT. 2000. Alternative-donor hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation for severe aplastic anemia. Seminars in Hematology 37(1):43-55.
78. Mayani H, Lansdorp PM. 1998. Biology of human umbilical cord blood-derived hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. Stem Cells 16(3):153-165.
79. McGlave P, Bartsch G, Anasetti C, Ash R, Beatty P, Gajewski J, Kernan NA. 1993. Unrelated donor marrow transplantation therapy for chronic myelogenous leukemia: Initial experience of the National Marrow Donor Program. Blood 81(2):543-550.
80. Nakahata T, Ogawa M. 1982. Hemopoietic colony-forming cells in umbilical cord blood with extensive capability to generate mono- and multipotential hemopoietic progenitors. Journal of Clinical Investigation 70(6):1324-1328.
81. Nash RA, Pepe MS, Storb R, Longton G, Pettinger M, Anasetti C, Appelbaum FR, Bowden RA, Deeg HJ, Doney K, Martin PJ, Sullivan KM, Sanders J, Witherspoon RP. 1992. Acute graft-versus-host disease: Analysis of risk factors after allogeneic marrow transplantation and prophylaxis with cyclosporine and methotrexate. Blood 80(7):1838- 1845.
82. Risdon G, Gaddy J, Horie M, Broxmeyer HE. 1995. Alloantigen priming induces a state of unresponsiveness in human umbilical cord blood T cells. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (U. S. A.) 92(6):2413-2417.
83. Rocha V, Wagner JE Jr, Sobocinski KA, Klein JP, Zhang MJ, Horowitz MM, Gluckman E. 2000. Graft-versus-host disease in children who have received a cord-blood or bone marrow transplant from an HLA-identical sibling. Eurocord and International Bone Marrow Transplant Registry Working Committee on Alternative Donor and Stem Cell Sources. New England Journal of Medicine 342(25):1846-1854.
84. Rocha V, Cornish J, Sievers EL, Filipovich A, Locatelli F, Peters C, Remberger M, Michel G, Arcese W, Dallorso S, Tiedemann K, Busca A, Chan KW, Kato S, Ortega J, Vowels M, Zander A, Souillet G, Oakill A, Woolfrey A, Pay AL, Green A, Garnier F, Ionescu I, Wernet P, Sirchia G, Rubinstein P, Chevret S, Gluckman E. 2001. Comparison of outcomes of unrelated bone marrow and umbilical cord blood transplants in children with acute leukemia. Blood 97(10):2962-2971.
85. Rocha V, Labopin M, Sanz G, Arcese W, Schwerdtfeger R, Bosi A, Jacobsen N, Ruutu T, de Lima M, Finke J, Frassoni F, Gluckman E. 2004. Transplants of umbilical-cord blood or bone marrow from unrelated donors in adults with acute leukemia. New England Journal of Medicine 351(22):2276-2285.
86. Roncarolo MG, Bigler M, Martino S, Ciuti E, Tovo PA, Wagner J. 1996. Immune functions of cord blood cells before and after transplantation. Journal of Hematotherapy 5(2): 157-160.
87. Rubinstein P, Stevens CE. 2000. Placental blood for bone marrow replacement: The New York Blood Center's program and clinical results. Bailliere's Best Practice in Clinical Haematology 13(4):565-584.
88. Rubinstein P, Carrier C, Scaradavou A, Kurtzberg J, Adamson J, Migliaccio AR, Berkowitz RL, Cabbad M, Dobrila NL, Taylor PE, Rosenfield RE, Stevens CE. 1998. Outcomes among 562 recipients of placental-blood transplants from unrelated donors. New England Journal of Medicine 339(22):1565-1567.
89. Rubinstein P, Kurtzberg J, Loberiza FR, et al. 2001. Comparison of unrelated cord blood and unrelated bone marrow transplants in leukemia in children: A collaborative study of the New York Blood Center and the International Bone Marrow Transplant Registry. Blood 98:814a.
90. Sanz GF, Saavedra S, Planelles D, Senent L, Cervera J, Barragan E, Jimenez C, Larrea L, Martin G, Martinez J, Jarque I, Moscardo F, Plume G, Andreu R, Regadera AI, Garcia I, Molla S, Solves P, De la Rubia J, Bolufer P, Benlloch L, Soler MA, Marty ML, Sanz MA. 2001. Standardized, unrelated donor cord blood transplantation in adults with hematologic malignancies. Blood 98(8):2332-2338.
91. Schiller G, Feig SA, Territo M, Wolin M, Lill M, Belin T, Hunt L, Nimer S, Champlin R, Gajewski J. 1994. Treatment of advanced acute leukaemia with allogeneic bone marrow transplantation from unrelated donors. British Journal of Haematology 88(1):72-78.
92. Sirchia G, Rebulla P. 1999. Placental/umbilical cord blood transplantation. Haematologica 84(8):738-747.
93. Smith S, Broxmeyer HE. 1986. The influence of oxygen tension on the long-term growth in vitro of haematopoietic progenitor cells from human cord blood. British Journal Haematology 63(1):29-34.
94. Snell GD. 1992. The Nobel Lectures in Immunology. Lecture for the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine, 1980: Studies in histocompatibility. Scandinavian Journal Immunology 36(4):513-526.
95. Szydlo R, Goldman JM, Klein JP, Gale RP, Ash RC, Bach FH, Bradley BA, Casper JT, Flomenberg N, Gajewski JL, Gluckman E, Henslee-Downey PJ, Hows JM, Jacobsen N, Kolb HJ, Lowenberg B, Masaoka T, Rowlings PA, Sondel PM, van Bekkum DW, van Rood JJ, Vowels MR, Zhang MJ, Horowitz MM. 1997. Results of allogeneic bone marrow transplants for leukemia using donors other than HLA-identical siblings. Journal of Clinical Oncology 15(5):1767-1777.
96. Vaziri H, Dragowska W, Allsopp RC, Thomas TE, Harley CB, Lansdorp PM. 1994. Evidence for a mitotic clock in human hematopoietic stem cells: Loss of telomeric DNA with age. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (U. S. A.) 91(21):9857-9860.
97. Wagner JE, Rosenthal J, Sweetman R, Shu XO, Davies SM, Ramsay NK, McGlave PB, Sender L, Cairo MS. 1996. Successful transplantation of HLA-matched and HLA-mismatched umbilical cord blood from unrelated donors: Analysis of engraftment and acute graftversus- host disease. Blood 88(3):795-802.
98. Wagner JE, Barker JN, DeFor TE, Baker KS, Blazar BR, Eide C, Goldman A, Kersey J, Krivit W, MacMillan ML, Orchard PJ, Peters C, Weisdorf DJ, Ramsay NKC, Davies SM. 2002. Transplantation of unrelated donor umbilical cord blood in 102 patients with malignant and nonmalignant diseases: Influence of CD34 cell dose and HLA disparity on treatment-related mortality and survival. Blood 100(5):1611-1618.
99. AFP (l'Agence France-Presse). November 28, 2004. Paralyzed woman walks again after stem cell therapy.
100. Aker M, Varadi G, Slavin S, Nagler A. 1999. Fludarabine-based protocol for human umbilical cord blood transplantation in children with Fanconi anemia. Journal of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology 21(3):237-239.
101. Auerbach AD, Liu Q, Ghosh R, Pollack MS, Douglas GW, Broxmeyer HE. 1990. Prenatal identification of potential donors for umbilical cord blood transplantation for Fanconi anemia. Transfusion 30(8):682-687.
102. Barker JN, Weisdorf DJ, Wagner JE. 2001. Creation of a double chimera after the transplantation of umbilical-cord blood from two partially matched unrelated donors.[comment]. New England Journal of Medicine 344(24):1870-1871.
103. Barker JN, Weisdorf DJ, DeFor TE, Blazar BR, Miller JS, Wagner JE. 2003. Rapid and complete donor chimerism in adult recipients of unrelated donor umbilical cord blood transplantation after reduced-intensity conditioning. Blood 102(5):1915-1919.
104. Barker JN, Weisdorf DJ, Defor TE, Blazar BR, McGlave PB, Miller JS, Verfaillie CM, Wagner JE. 2005. Transplantation of 2 partially HLA-matched umbilical cord blood units to enhance engraftment in adults with hematologic malignancy. Blood 105(3):1343-1347.
105. Bartholomew A, Sturgeon C, Siaskas M, Ferrer K, McIntosh K, Patil S, Hardy W, Devine S, Ucker D, Deans R, Moseley A, Hoffman R. 2002. Mesenchymal stem cells suppress lymphocyte proliferation in vitro and prolong skin graft survival in vivo. Experimental Hematology 30(1):42-48.
106. Bieback K, Kern S, Kluter H, Eichler H. 2004. Critical parameters for the isolation of mesenchymal stem cells from umbilical cord blood. Stem Cells 22(4):625-634.
107. Blair A, Thomas DB. 1997. Preferential adhesion of fetal liver derived primitive haemopoietic progenitor cells to bone marrow stroma. British Journal of Haematology 99(4): 726-731.
108. Brichard B, Vermylen C, Ninane J, Cornu G. 1996. Persistence of fetal hemoglobin production after successful transplantation of cord blood stem cells in a patient with sickle cell anemia. Journal of Pediatrics 128(2):241-243.
109. Cairo MS, Wagner JE. 1997. Placental and/or umbilical cord blood: An alternative source of hematopoietic stem cells for transplantation. Blood 90(12):4665-4678.
110. Cant AJ. 1995. Severe combined immunodeficiency clinicopathological features and treatment. Forum 5(1):6-19.
111. Chao NJ, Liu CX, Rooney B, Chen BJ, Long GD, Vredenburgh JJ, Morris A, Gasparetto C, Rizzieri DA. 2002. Nonmyeloablative regimen preserves "niches" allowing for peripheral expansion of donor T-cells. Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation 8(5): 249-256.
112. De Lima M, St. John LS, Wieder ED, Lee MS, McMannis J, Karandish S, Giralt S, Beran M, Couriel D, Korbling M, Bibawi S, Champlin R, Komanduri KV. 2002. Double-chimaerism after transplantation of two human leucocyte antigen mismatched, unrelated cord blood units. British Journal of Haematology 119(3):773-776.
113. Deans RJ, Moseley AB. 2000. Mesenchymal stem cells: Biology and potential clinical uses. Experimental Hematology 28(8):875-884.
114. Di Campli C, Piscaglia AC, Pierelli L, Rutella S, Bonanno G, Alison MR, Mariotti A, Vecchio FM, Nestola M, Monego G, Michetti F, Mancuso S, Pola P, Leone G, Gasbarrini G, Gasbarrini A. 2004. A human umbilical cord stem cell rescue therapy in a murine model of toxic liver injury. Digestive and Liver Disease 36(9):603-613.
115. Dorshkind K. 1990. Regulation of hemopoiesis by bone marrow stromal cells and their products. Annual Review of Immunology 8:111-137.
116. Ende M, Ende N. 1972. Hematopoietic transplantation by means of fetal (cord) blood. A new method. Virgina Medical Monthly (1918) 99(3):276-280.
117. Fanning L, Hamza N, Tary-Lehmann M, Jaroscak J, Koc O, Lazarus H, Cooper B, Gerson S, Rubinstein P, Stevens C, Laughlin M. 2003. High rate of graft failure after infusion of multiple (3-5) umbilical cord blood (UCB) units in adults with hematologic disorders: Role of HLA disparity and UCB graft T cell-cross immune reactivation. Blood 102(11):195a.
118. Fernandez MN, Regidor C, Cabrera R, Garcia-Marco J, Briz M, Fores R, Sanjuan I, McWhinnie A, Querol S, Garcia J, Madrigal A. 2001. Cord blood transplants: Early recovery of neutrophils from co-transplanted sibling haploidentical progenitor cells and lack of engraftment of cultured cord blood cells, as ascertained by analysis of DNA polymorphisms. Bone Marrow Transplantation 28(4):355-363.
119. Gang EJ, Jeong JA, Hong SH, Hwang SH, Kim SW, Yang IH, Ahn C, Han H, Kim H. 2004. Skeletal myogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells isolated from human umbilical cord blood. Stem Cells 22(4):617-624.
120. Gedikoglu G. 2001. Bone marrow transplantation in thalassemia. Bone Marrow Transplantation 28(Suppl. 1):S10.
121. Gluckman E, Devergie A, Bourdeau-Esperou H, Thierry D, Traineau R, Auerbach A, Broxmeyer HE. 1990. Transplantation of umbilical cord blood in Fanconi's anemia. Nouvelle Revue Francaise d'Hematologie 32(6):423-425.
122. Godfrey WR, Spoden DJ, Ge YG, Baker SR, Liu B, Levine BL, June CH, Blazar BR, Porter SB. 2005. Cord Blood CD4+ CD25+-derived T regulatory cell lines express FoxP3 protein and manifest potent suppressor function. Blood 105(2):750-758.
123. Goodell MA. 2004. Potential non-hematopoietic uses for stem cells in cord blood: An analysis prepared for the Committee on Establishing a National Cord Blood Stem Cell Bank, Institute of Medicine, Washington, DC.
124. Gore L, Lane PA, Quinones RR, Giller RH. 2000. Successful cord blood transplantation for sickle cell anemia from a sibling who is human leukocyte antigen-identical: Implications for comprehensive care. Journal of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology 22(5):437-440.
125. Goussetis E, Peristeri J, Kitra V, Kattamis A, Petropoulos D, Papassotiriou I, Graphakos S. 2000. Combined umbilical cord blood and bone marrow transplantation in the treatment of beta-thalassemia major. Pediatric Hematology and Oncology 17(4):307-314.
126. Guardiola P, Kurre P, Vlad A, Cayuela JM, Esperou H, Devergie A, Ribaud P, Socie G, Richard P, Traineau R, Storb R, Gluckman E. 2003. Effective graft-versus-leukaemia effect after allogeneic stem cell transplantation using reduced-intensity preparative regimens in Fanconi anaemia patients with myelodysplastic syndrome or acute myeloid leukaemia. British Journal of Haematology 122(5):806-809.
127. Guardiola P, Socie G, Li X, Ribaud P, Devergie A, Esperou H, Richard P, Traineau R, Janin A, Gluckman E. 2004. Acute graft-versus-host disease in patients with Fanconi anemia or acquired aplastic anemia undergoing bone marrow transplantation from HLA-identical sibling donors: Risk factors and influence on outcome. Blood 103(1):73-77.
128. Hogan CJ, Shpall EJ, McNiece I, Keller G. 1997. Multilineage engraftment in NOD/LtSzscid/ scid mice from mobilized human CD34+ peripheral blood progenitor cells. Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation 3(5):236-246.
129. Ishikawa F, Yasukawa M, Yoshida S, Nakamura KI, Nagatoshi Y, Kanemaru T, Shimoda K, Shimoda S, Miyamoto T, Okamura J, Shultz LD, Harada M. 2004. Human cord bloodand bone marrow-derived CD34+ cells regenerate gastrointestinal epithelial cells. FASEB Journal 18(15):1958-1960.
130. Issaragrisil S, Leaverton PE, Chansung K, Thamprasit T, Porapakham Y, Vannasaeng S, Piankijagum A, Kaufman DW, Anderson TE, Shapiro S, Young NS. 1999. Regional patterns in the incidence of aplastic anemia in Thailand. The Aplastic Anemia Study Group. American Journal of Hematology 61(3):164-168.
131. Issaragrisil S, Visuthisakchai S, Suvatte V, Tanphaichitr VS, Chandanayingyong D, Schreiner T, Kanokpongsakdi S, Siritanaratkul N, Piankijagum A. 1995. Brief report: Transplantation of cord-blood stem cells into a patient with severe thalassemia. New England Journal of Medicine 332(6):367-369.
132. Jaroscak J, Goltry K, Smith A, Waters-Pick B, Martin PL, Driscoll TA, Howrey R, Chao N, Douville J, Burhop S, Fu P, Kurtzberg J. 2003. Augmentation of umbilical cord blood (UCB) transplantation with ex vivo-expanded UCB cells: Results of a phase 1 trial using the AastromReplicell System. Blood 101(12):5061-5067.
133. Jensen A, Vaihinger HM, Meier C. 2003. Perinatal brain damage-from neuroprotection to neuroregeneration using cord blood stem cells. Medizinische Klinik (Munich) 98(Suppl.2):22-26. (In German.)
134. Kim DC, Chung YJ, Kim TG, Kim YL, Oh IH. 2004. Cotransplantation of third-party mesenchymal stromal cells can alleviate one-donor predominance and increase engraftment from double cord transplantation. Blood 103(5):1941-1948.
135. Kogler G, Callejas J, Sorg RV, Fischer J, Migliaccio AR, Wernet P. 1998. The effect of different thawing methods, growth factor combinations and media on the ex vivo expansion of umbilical cord blood primitive and committed progenitors. Bone Marrow Transplantation 21(3):233-241.
136. Kogler G, Nurnberger W, Fischer J, Niehues T, Somville T, Gobel U, Wernet P. 1999. Simultaneous cord blood transplantation of ex vivo expanded together with non-expanded cells for high risk leukemia. Bone Marrow Transplantation 24(4):397-403.
137. Kohli-Kumar M, Shahidi NT, Broxmeyer HE, Masterson M, Delaat C, Sambrano J, Morris C, Auerbach AD, Harris RE. 1993. Haemopoietic stem/progenitor cell transplant in Fanconi anaemia using HLA-matched sibling umbilical cord blood cells. British Journal of Haematology 85(2):419-422.
138. Lee YH, Han JY, Seo SY, Kim KH, Lee YA, Lee YS, Lee HS, Hur WJ, Han H, Kwon HC, Kim JS, Kim HJ. 2004. Stem cells expressing homing receptors could be expanded from cryopreserved and unselected cord blood. Journal of Korean Medical Science 19(5): 635-639.
139. Locatelli F, Beluffi G, Giorgiani G, Maccario R, Fiori P, Pession A, Bonetti F, Comoli P, Calcaterra V, Rondini G, Severi F. 1997. Transplantation of cord blood progenitor cells can promote bone resorption in autosomal recessive osteopetrosis. Bone Marrow Transplantation 20(8):701-705.
140. Locatelli F, Rocha V, Reed W, Bernaudin F, Ertem M, Grafakos S, Brichard B, Li X, Nagler A, Giorgiani G, Haut PR, Brochstein JA, Nugent DJ, Blatt J, Woodard P, Kurtzberg J, Rubin CM, Miniero R, Lutz P, Raja T, Roberts I, Will AM, Yaniv I, Vermylen C, Tannoia N, Garnier F, Ionescu I, Walters MC, Lubin BH, Gluckman E. 2003. Related umbilical cord blood transplantation in patients with thalassemia and sickle cell disease. Blood 101(6):2137-2143.
141. MacMillan ML, Ramsay NKC, Atkinson K, Wagner JE. 2002. Ex-Vivo Culture-Expanded Parental Haploidentical Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSC) To Promote Engraftment in Recipients of Unrelated Donor Umbilical Cord Blood (UCB): Results of a Phase I-II Clinical Trial (Poster presentation, American Society of Hematology, Philadelphia, PA). Blood 100(11):836a.
142. McNiece I. 2004. Ex vivo expansion of hematopoietic cells. Experimental Hematology 32(5):409-410.
143. McSweeney PA, Bearman SI, Jones RB, et al. 2001. Nonmyeloblative hematopoietic cell transplantations using cord blood. Blood 98:666a.
144. Miller, JS, McCullar V. 2001. Human natural killer cells with polyclonal lectin and immunoglobulinlike receptors develop from single hematopoietic stem cells with preferential expression of NKG2A and KIR2DL2/L3/S2. Blood 98:705-713.
145. Miniero R, Rocha V, Saracco P, Locatelli F, Brichard B, Nagler A, Roberts I, Yaniv I, Beksac M, Bernaudin F, Gluckman E. 1998. Cord blood transplantation (CBT) in hemoglobinopathies. Bone Marrow Transplantation 22(Suppl. 1):S78-S79.
146. Muenzer J, Fisher A. 2004. Advances in the treatment of mucopolysaccharidosis type I. New England Journal of Medicine 350(19):1932-1934.
147. Newman MB, Davis CD, Borlongan CV, Emerich D, Sanberg PR. 2004. Transplantation of human umbilical cord blood cells in the repair of CNS diseases. Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy 4(2):121-130.
148. NIH (National Institutes of Health). 2000. Information for Patients about Osteopetrosis. [Online] Available: http://www.osteo.org/newfile.asp?doc=p117i&doctitle=Osteopetrosis& doctype=HTML+Fact+Sheet [accessed July 2004].
149. Noort WA, Kruisselbrink AB, in't Anker PS, Kruger M, van Bezooijen RL, de Paus RA, Heemskerk MH, Lowik CW, Falkenburg JH, Willemze R, Fibbe WE. 2002. Mesenchymal stem cells promote engraftment of human umbilical cord blood-derived CD34+ cells in NOD/SCID mice. Experimental Hematology 30(8):870-878.
150. Orofino MG, Argiolu F, Sanna MA, Rosatelli MC, Tuveri T, Scalas MT, Badiali M, Cossu P, Puddu R, Lai ME, Cao A. 2003. Fetal HLA typing in beta thalassaemia: Implications for haemopoietic stem-cell transplantation. Lancet 362(9377):41-42.
151. Pecora AL, Stiff P, Jennis A, Goldberg S, Rosenbluth R, Price P, Goltry KL, Douville J, Armstrong RD, Smith AK, Preti RA. 2000. Prompt and durable engraftment in two older adult patients with high risk chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) using ex vivo expanded and unmanipulated unrelated umbilical cord blood. Bone Marrow Transplantation 25(7):797-799.
152. Perry GS III, Spector BD, Schuman LM, Mandel JS, Anderson VE, McHugh RB, Hanson MR, Fahlstrom SM, Krivit W, Kersey JH. 1980. The Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome in the United States and Canada (1892-1979). Journal or Pediatrics 97(1):72-78.
153. Perry TE, Roth SJ. 2003. Cardiovascular tissue engineering: Constructing living tissue cardiac valves and blood vessels using bone marrow, umbilical cord blood, and peripheral blood cells. Journal of Cadiovascular Nursing 18(1):30-37.
154. Peterson DA. 2004. Umbilical cord blood cells and brain stroke injury: Bringing in fresh blood to address an old problem. Journal of Clinical Investigation 114(3):312-314.
155. Pittenger MF, Mackay AM, Beck SC, Jaiswal RK, Douglas R, Mosca JD, Moorman MA, Simonetti DW, Craig S, Marshak DR. 1999. Multilineage potential of adult human mesenchymal stem cells. Science 284(5411):143-147.
156. Saporta S, Kim JJ, Willing AE, Fu ES, Davis CD, Sanberg PR. 2003. Human umbilical cord blood stem cells infusion in spinal cord injury: Engraftment and beneficial influence on behavior. Journal of Hematotherapy and Stem Cell Research 12(3):271-278.
157. Shen BJ, Hou HS, Zhang HQ, Sui XW (Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital, Shandong Medical University, People's Republic of China). 1994. Unrelated, HLA-mismatched multiple human umbilical cord blood transfusion in four cases with advanced solid tumors: initial studies.[see comment]. Blood Cells 20(2-3):285-92.
158. Shpall EJ, Quinones R, Giller R, Zeng C, Baron AE, Jones RB, Bearman SI, Nieto Y, Freed B, Madinger N, Hogan CJ, Slat-Vasquez V, Russell P, Blunk B, Schissel D, Hild E, Malcolm J, Ward W, McNiece IK. 2002. Transplantation of ex vivo expanded cord blood. Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation 8(7):368-376.
159. Staba SL, Escolar ML, Poe M, Kim Y, Martin PL, Szabolcs P, Allison-Thacker J, Wood S, Wenger DA, Rubinstein P, Hopwood JJ, Krivit W, Kurtzberg J. 2004. Cord-blood transplants from unrelated donors in patients with Hurler's syndrome. New England Journal of Medicine 350(19):1960-1969.
160. Taguchi A, Soma T, Tanaka H, Kanda T, Nishimura H, Yoshikawa H, Tsukamoto Y, Iso H, Fujimori Y, Stern DM, Naritomi H, Matsuyama T. 2004. Administration of CD34+ cells after stroke enhances neurogenesis via angiogenesis in a mouse model. Journal of Clinical Investigation 114(3):330-338.
161. Timeus F, Crescenzio N, Saracco P, Doria A, Fazio L, Albiani R, Cordero Di Montezemolo L, Perugini L, Incarbone E. 2003. Recovery of cord blood hematopoietic progenitors after successive freezing and thawing procedures. Haematologica 88(1):74-79.
162. Vanelli P, Beltrami S, Cesana E, Cicero D, Zaza A, Rossi E, Cicirata F, Antona C, Clivio A. 2004. Cardiac precursors in human bone marrow and cord blood: In vitro cell cardiogenesis. Italian Heart Journal 5(5):384-388.
163. Vermylen C, Cornu G. 1997. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for sickle cell anemia. Current Opinion in Hematology 4(6):377-380.
164. Vermylen C, Cornu G, Ferster A, Brichard B, Ninane J, Ferrant A, Zenebergh A, Maes P, Dhooge C, Benoit Y, Beguin Y, Dresse MF, Sariban E. 1998. Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation for sickle cell anaemia: The first 50 patients transplanted in Belgium. Bone Marrow Transplantation 22(1):1-6.
165. Wagner JE, Barker JN, DeFor TE, Baker KS, Blazar BR, Eide C, Goldman A, Kersey J, Krivit W, MacMillan ML, Orchard PJ, Peters C, Weisdorf DJ, Ramsay NKC, Davies SM. 2002. Transplantation of unrelated donor umbilical cord blood in 102 patients with malignant and nonmalignant diseases: Influence of CD34 cell dose and HLA disparity on treatment-related mortality and survival. Blood 100(5):1611-1618.
166. Weinreb S, Delgado JC, Clavijo OP, Yunis EJ, Bayer-Zwirello L, Polansky L, Deluhery L, Cohn G, Yao JT, Stec TC, Higby D, Anderzejewski C. 1998. Transplantation of unrelated cord blood cells. Bone Marrow Transplantation 22(2):193-196.
167. Wexler SA, Donaldson C, Denning-Kendall P, Rice C, Bradley B, Hows JM. 2003. Adult bone marrow is a rich source of human mesenchymal "stem" cells but umbilical cord and mobilized adult blood are not. British Journal of Haematology 121(2):368-374.
168. Willenbring H, Bailey AS, Foster M, Akkari Y, Dorrell C, Olson S, Finegold M, Fleming WH, Grompe M. 2004. Myelomonocytic cells are sufficient for therapeutic cell fusion in liver. Nature Medicine 10(7):744-748.
169. Willing AE, Lixian J, Milliken M, Poulos S, Zigova T, Song S, Hart C, Sanchez-Ramos J, Sanberg PR. 2003. Intravenous versus intrastriatal cord blood administration in a rodent model of stroke. Journal of Neuroscience Research 73(3):296-307.
170. Winkelstein JA, Winkelstein ML. 2001. The Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome. Winkelstein JA, Winkelstein ML, eds. Patient and Family Handbook for the Primary Immune Deficiency Diseases. Towson, MD: Immune Deficiency Foundation. Pp. 36-39. [Online] Available: http://www.primaryimmune.org/pubs/book_pats/e_ch07.pdf.
171. Yu M, Xiao Z, Shen L, Li L. 2004. Mid-trimester fetal blood-derived adherent cells share characteristics similar to mesenchymal stem cells but full-term umbilical cord blood does not. British Journal of Haematology 124(5):666-675.
172. Zhai QL, Qiu LG, Li Q, Meng HX, Han JL, Herzig RH, Han ZC. 2004. Short-term ex vivo expansion sustains the homing-related properties of umbilical cord blood hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Haematologica 89(3):265-273.
173. Zheng Y, Watanabe N, Nagamura-Inoue T, Igura K, Nagayama H, Tojo A, Tanosaki R, Takaue Y, Okamoto S, Takahashi TA. 2003. Ex vivo manipulation of umbilical cord blood-derived hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells with recombinant human stem cell factor can up-regulate levels of homing-essential molecules to increase their transmigratory potential. Experimental Hematology 31(12):1237-1246.
174. Alonso JM III, Regan DM, Johnson CE, Oliver DA, Fegan R, Lasky LC, Wall DA. 2001. A simple and reliable procedure for cord blood banking, processing, and freezing: St Louis and Ohio Cord Blood Bank experiences. Cytotherapy 3(6):429-433.
175. Anonymous. 2004. Bill would aid Coriell. Philadelphia Business Journal 22(49):3. Associated Press. February 3, 2005. Lawmaker Pushes Umbilical Cord Donation.
176. Ballen KK, Wilson M, Wuu J, Ceredona AM, Hsieh C, Stewart FM, Popovsky MA, Quesenberry PJ. 2001. Bigger is better: Maternal and neonatal predictors of hematopoietic potential of umbilical cord blood units. Bone Marrow Transplantation 27(1):7-14.
177. Ballen KK, Hicks J, Dharan B, Ambruso D, Anderson K, Bianco C, Bemiller L, Dickey W, Lottenberg R, O'Neill M, Popovsky M, Skerrett D, Sniecinski I, Wingard JR. 2002.Racial and ethnic composition of volunteer cord blood donors: Comparison with volunteer unrelated marrow donors. Transfusion 42(10):1279-1284.
178. Ballen KK, Kurtzberg J, Lane TA, Lindgren BR, Miller JP, Nagan D, Newman B, Rupp N, Haley NR. 2004. Racial diversity with high nucleated cell counts and CD34 counts achieved in a national network of cord blood banks. Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation 10(4):269-275.
179. BRMAC (Biological Response Modifiers Advisory Committee, Food and Drug Administration). 2003. Meeting No. 34 Summary Minutes. Fourth Annual Somatic Cell Therapy Symposium, October 1-3, 2004, Gaithersburg, MD.
180. Broxmeyer HE (Walther Oncology Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis 46202-5121, USA.). 1995. Cord blood as an alternative source for stem and progenitor cell transplantation. [Review] [80 refs]. Current Opinion in Pediatrics 7(1): 47-55.
181. Broxmeyer HE, Cooper S. 1997. High-efficiency recovery of immature haematopoietic progenitor cells with extensive proliferative capacity from human cord blood cryopreserved for 10 years. Clinical and Experimental Immunology 107(Suppl. 1):45-53.
182. Creer MH. 2004. Cryopreservation of Cord Blood Products: Impact on Product Quality and Transplant Outcome. Presentation at the 2nd Annual International Cord Blood Transplantation Symposium. May 14-15, Los Angeles, CA.
183. Donaldson C, Armitage WJ, Laundy V, Barron C, Buchanan R, Webster J, Bradley B, Hows J. 1999. Impact of obstetric factors on cord blood donation for transplantation. British Journal of Haematology 106(1):128-132.
184. FDA (Food and Drug Administration). 2004a. Eligibility determination for donors of human cells, tissues, and cellular and tissue-based products. Final rule. Federal Register 69(101):29785-29834.
185. FDA. 2004b. FDA Approach to the Regulation of Hematopoietic Progenitor/Stem Cells Derived from Cord Blood. Presentation by WJ Hartzler at the Workshop of the Institute of Medicine Committee on Establishing a National Cord Blood Stem Cell Bank Program, June 2, Washington, DC.
186. Florida State Legislature. 2004a. Florida Center for Universal Research to Eradicate Disease. Chapter 2. Section 6. Florida State Legislature, Gainsville.
187. Florida State Legislature. 2004b. Public Cord Blood Tissue Bank. Code 29. Section 381.06015. Florida State Legislature, Gainsville.
188. Fountain D, Ralston M, Higgins N, Gorlin JB, Uhl L, Wheeler C, Antin JH, Churchill WH, Benjamin RJ. 1997. Liquid nitrogen freezers: A potential source of microbial contamination of hematopoietic stem cell components. Transfusion 37(6):585-591.
189. Foy N. December 10, 2003. Umbilical cord project gets grant. San Antonio Express-News. P. 3B.
190. Galmes A, Besalduch J, Bargay J, Matamoros N, Morey M, Novo A, Sampol A. 1995. A simplified method for cryopreservation of hematopoietic stem cells with -80 degrees C mechanical freezer with dimethyl sulfoxide as the sole cryoprotectant. Leukemia and Lymphoma 17(1-2):181-184.
191. Galmes A, Besalduch J, Bargay J, Novo A, Morey M, Guerra JM, Duran MA. 1999. Longterm storage at -80 degrees C of hematopoietic progenitor cells with 5-percent dimethyl sulfoxide as the sole cryoprotectant. Transfusion 39(1):70-73.
192. Gee AP, Biol MI. 1999. Transplantation and the Food and Drug Administration-how will it affect your program? Cancer Research Therapy and Control 9(1-2):171-176.
193. Grisaru D, Deutsch V, Pick M, Fait G, Lessing JB, Dollberg S, Eldor A. 1999. Placing the newborn on the maternal abdomen after delivery increases the volume and CD34 cell content in the umbilical cord blood collected: An old maneuver with new applications. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 180(5):1240-1243.
194. Howard DH, Maiers M, Kollman C, Logan B, Gragert L, Setterholm M. 2005. A cost-benefit analysis of increasing cord blood inventory levels: An analysis prepared for the Committee on Establishing a National Cord Blood Stem Cell Bank, Institute of Medicine, Washington,DC.
195. Hubel A, Carlquist D, Clay M, McCullough J. 2004. Liquid storage, shipment, and cryopreservation of cord blood. Transfusion 44(4):518-525.
196. Kobylka P, Ivanyi P, Breur-Vriesendorp BS. 1998. Preservation of immunological and colonyforming capacities of long-term (15 years) cryopreserved cord blood cells. Transplantation 65(9):1275-1278.
197. Matsumoto N, Yoshizawa H, Kagamu H, Abe T, Fujita N, Watanabe S, Kuriyama H, Ishiguro T, Tanaka J, Suzuki E, Kobayashi K, Gemma A, Kudoh S, Gejyo F. 2002. Successful liquid storage of peripheral blood stem cells at subzero non-freezing temperature. Bone Marrow Transplantation 30(11):777-784.
198. Quinn W. May 10, 2004. Opening the door for stem cell progress. NJBIZ 17:18.
199. Rubinstein P. 2001. HLA matching for bone marrow transplantation-how much is enough? New England Journal of Medicine 345(25):1842-1843.
200. Rubinstein P. 2004. Presentation at the Workshop of the Institute of Medicine Committee on Establishing a National Cord Blood Stem Cell Bank Program. The New York Blood Center Cord Blood Program Perspective, June 2, Washington, DC.
201. Rubinstein P, Dobrila L, Rosenfield RE, Adamson JW, Migliaccio G, Migliaccio AR, Taylor PE, Stevens CE. 1995. Processing and cryopreservation of placental/umbilical cord blood for unrelated bone marrow reconstitution. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (U. S. A.) 92(22):10119-10122.
202. Solves P, Moraga R, Saucedo E, Perales A, Soler MA, Larrea L, Mirabet V, Planelles D, Carbonell-Uberos F, Monleon J, Planells T, Guillen M, Andres A, Franco E. 2003.Comparison between two strategies for umbilical cord blood collection. Bone Marrow Transplantation 31(4):269-273.
203. State of Illinois. 2004. Umbilical cord blood donation. Code 210. Section 85-6.21. State of Illinois, Springfield.
204. State of Maryland. 2004a. Hospitals-Umbilical Cord Blood Donation (House). Chapter 451. Section 19-308.7. State of Maryland, Annapolis.
205. State of Maryland. 2004b. Hospitals-Umbilical Cord Blood Donation (Senate). Chapter 450. Section 19-308.7. State of Maryland, Annapolis.
206. Surbek DV, Visca E, Steinmann C, Tichelli A, Schatt S, Hahn S, Gratwohl A, Holzgreve W. 2000. Umbilical cord blood collection before placental delivery during cesarean delivery increases cord blood volume and nucleated cell number available for transplantation. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 183(1):218-221.
207. Tedder RS, Zuckerman MA, Goldstone AH, Hawkins AE, Fielding A, Briggs EM, Irwin D, Blair S, Gorman AM, Patterson KG. 1995. Hepatitis B transmission from contaminated cryopreservation tank. Lancet 346(8968):137-140.
208. Timeus F, Crescenzio N, Saracco P, Doria A, Fazio L, Albiani R, Cordero Di Montezemolo L, Perugini L, Incarbone E. 2003. Recovery of cord blood hematopoietic progenitors after successive freezing and thawing procedures. Haematologica 88(1):74-79.
209. Wada RK, Bradford A, Moogk M, Yim R, Strong DM, Drachman J, Reems JA. 2004. Cord blood units collected at a remote site: A collaborative endeavor to collect umbilical cord blood through the Hawaii Cord Blood Bank and store the units at the Puget Sound Blood Center. Transfusion 44(1):111-118.
210. Wall DA, Noffsinger JM, Mueckl KA, Alonso JM III, Regan DM, Johnson CE, Weinstein DL, Duarte LM, Winn HN. 1997. Feasibility of an obstetrician-based cord blood collection network for unrelated donor umbilical cord blood banking. Journal of Maternal-Fetal Medicine 6(6):320-323.
211. Wong A, Yuen PM, Li K, Yu AL, Tsoi WC. 2001. Cord blood collection before and after placental delivery: Levels of nucleated cells, haematopoietic progenitor cells, leukocyte subpopulations and macroscopic clots. Bone Marrow Transplantation 27(2):133-138.
212. Black N. 2003. Secondary use of personal data for health and health services research: Why identifiable data are essential. Journal of Health Services Research Policy. 8(S1):36-40.
213. Bradburn NM. 2001. Medical privacy and research. Journal of Legal Studies 30(2):687-701.
214. Burgess MM, Laberge CM, Knoppers BM. 1998. Bioethics for clinicians. 14. Ethics and genetics in medicine. Canadian Medical Association Journal 158(10):1309-1313.
215. Clayton EW. 1995. Why the use of anonymous samples for research matters. Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 23(4):375-377.
216. Clayton EW. 2004. So what are we going to do about research using clinical information and samples? IRB 26(6):14-15.
217. Clayton EW, Steinberg KK, Khoury MJ, Thomson E, Andrews L, Kahn MJ, Kopelman LM, Weiss JO. 1995. Informed consent for genetic research on stored tissue samples. Journal of the American Medical Association 274(22):1786-1792.
218. FDA (Food and Drug Administration). 2004. Eligibility determination for donors of human cells, tissues, and cellular and tissue-based products. Final rule. Federal Register 69(101): 29785-29834.
219. Fernandez CV, Gordon K, Van den Hof M, Taweel S, Baylis F. 2003. Knowledge and attitudes of pregnant women with regard to collection, testing and banking of cord blood stem cells. Canadian Medical Association Journal 168(6):695-698.
220. Fernandez MN. 1998. Eurocord position on ethical and legal issues involved in cord blood transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplantation 22(Suppl. 1):S84-S85.
221. Gluckman E. 2000. Ethical and legal aspects of placental/cord blood banking and transplant. Hematology Journal 1(1):67-69.
222. Haley NR. 1999. Linking donors to stored cord blood units: Duties to donors and recipients. Cancer Research Therapy and Control 8(4):345-346.
223. HHS (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Office for Civil Rights). December 3, 2002, revised April 3, 2003. General Overview of Standards for Privacy of Individually Identifiable Health Information. [Online] Available: http://www.hipaadvisory.com/regs/ finalprivacymod/goverview.htm [accessed March 2005].
224. HHS. 2003. Privacy and Your Health Information. [Online] Available: http://www.hhs.gov/ ocr/hipaa/consumer_summary.pdf [accessed March 2005].
225. HHS. April 14, 2003. Protecting the Privacy of Patients' Health Information. [Online] Available: http://www.hhs.gov/news/facts/privacy.html [accessed March 2005].
226. Hirschhorn K, Fleisher LD, Godmilow L, Howell RR, Lebel RR, McCabe ER, McGinniss MJ, Milunsky A, Pelias MZ, Pyeritz RE, Sujansky E, Thompson BH, Zinberg RE. 1999. Duty to re-contact. Genetics in Medicine 1(4):171-172.
227. Korn D. 2000. Medical information privacy and the conduct of biomedical research. Academic Medicine 75(10):963-968.
228. Meslin EM, Quaid KA. 2004. Ethical issues in the collection, storage, and research use of human biological materials. Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine 144(5):229- 234; discussion 226.
229. NBAC (National Bioethics Advisory Commission). 1999. Research Involving Human Biological Materials: Ethical Issues and Policy Guideance. Executive Summary. Rockville, MD: National Bioethics Advisory Commission. Vol. 1.
230. OHRP (Office for Human Research Protection, Department of Health and Human Services). August 10, 2004. Guidance on Research Involving Coded Private Information or Biological Specimens. [Online] Available: www.hhs.gov/ohrp/humansubjects/guidance/ cdebiol.pdf [accessed March 2005].
231. Sugarman J, Kaplan L, Cogswell B, Olson J. 1998. Pregnant women's perspectives on umbilical cord blood banking. Journal of Women's Health 7(6):747-757.
232. Sugarman J, Kurtzberg J, Box TL, Horner RD. 2002. Optimization of informed consent for umbilical cord blood banking. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 187(6): 1642-1646.
233. Zilberstein M, Feingold M, Seibel MM. 1997. Umbilical-cord-blood banking: Lessons learned from gamete donation. Lancet 349(9052):642-643.
234. Howard DH, Maiers M, Kollman C, Logan B, Gragert L, Setterholm M. 2005. A cost-benefit analysis of increasing cord blood inventory levels: An analysis prepared for the Committee on Establishing a National Cord Blood Stem Cell Bank, Institute of Medicine, Washington, DC.
235. Vigdor ER. 2003. Coverage does matter: The value of health forgone by the uninsured. Hidden Costs, Value Lost: Uninsurance in America. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
236. IOM (Institute of Medicine). 1999. Organ Procurement and Transplantation: Assessing Current Policies and the Potential Impact of the DHHS Final Rule. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
237. Ferrari, G., G. Cusella-De Angelis, M. Coletta, E. Paolucci, A. Stornaiuolo, G. Cossu, and F. Mavilio (1998) Muscle regeneration by bone marrow-derived myogenic progenitors. Science 279: 1528-30.
238. Gussoni, E., Y. Soneoka, C.D. Strickland, E.A. Buzney, M.K. Khan, A.F. Flint, L.M. Kunkel, and R.C. Mulligan (1999) Dystrophin expression in the mdx mouse restored by stem cell transplantation. Nature 401: 390-4.
239. Jackson, K.A., S.M. Majka, H. Wang, J. Pocius, C.J. Hartley, M.W. Majesky, M.L. Entman, L.H. Michael, K.K. Hirschi, and M.A. Goodell (2001) Regeneration of ischemic cardiac muscle and vascular endothelium by adult stem cells. J Clin Invest 107: 1395-402.
240. Lagasse, E., H. Connors, M. Al-Dhalimy, M. Reitsma, M. Dohse, L. Osborne, X. Wang, M. Finegold, I.L. Weissman, and M. Grompe (2000) Purified hematopoietic stem cells can differentiate into hepatocytes in vivo. Nat Med 6: 1229-34.
241. Wagers, A.J., R.I. Sherwood, J.L. Christensen, and I.L. Weissman (2002) Little evidence for developmental plasticity of adult hematopoietic stem cells. Science 297: 2256-9.
242. Grant, M.B., W.S. May, S. Caballero, G.A. Brown, S.M. Guthrie, R.N. Mames, B.J. Byrne, T. Vaught, P.E. Spoerri, A.B. Peck, and E.W. Scott (2002) Adult hematopoietic stem cells provide functional hemangioblast activity during retinal neovascularization. Nat Med 8: 607-12.
243. Krause, D.S., N.D. Theise, M.I. Collector, O. Henegariu, S. Hwang, R. Gardner, S. Neutzel, and S.J. Sharkis (2001) Multi-organ, multi-lineage engraftment by a single bone marrow-derived stem cell. Cell 105: 369-77.
244. Camargo, F.D., R. Green, Y. Capetenaki, K.A. Jackson, and M.A. Goodell (2003) Single hematopoietic stem cells generate skeletal muscle through myeloid intermediates. Nat Med 9: 1520-7.
245. Camargo, F.D., M. Finegold, and M.A. Goodell (2004) Hematopoietic myelomonocytic cells are the major source of hepatocyte fusion partners. J Clin Invest 113: 1266-70.
246. Theise, N.D., M. Nimmakayalu, R. Gardner, P.B. Illei, G. Morgan, L. Teperman, O. Henegariu, and D.S. Krause (2000) Liver from bone marrow in humans. Hepatology 32: 11-6.
247. Laflamme, M.A., D. Myerson, J.E. Saffitz, and C.E. Murry (2002) Evidence for cardiomyocyte repopulation by extracardiac progenitors in transplanted human hearts. Circ Res 90: 634-40.
248. Quaini, F., K. Urbanek, A.P. Beltrami, N. Finato, C.A. Beltrami, B. Nadal-Ginard, J. Kajstura, A. Leri, and P. Anversa (2002) Chimerism of the transplanted heart. N Engl J Med 346: 5-15.
249. Muller, P., P. Pfeiffer, J. Koglin, H.J. Schafers, U. Seeland, I. Janzen, S. Urbschat, and M. Bohm (2002) Cardiomyocytes of noncardiac origin in myocardial biopsies of human transplanted hearts. Circulation 106: 31-5.
250. Okamoto, R., T. Yajima, M. Yamazaki, T. Kanai, M. Mukai, S. Okamoto, Y. Ikeda, T. Hibi, J. Inazawa, and M. Watanabe (2002) Damaged epithelia regenerated by bone marrow-derived cells in the human gastrointestinal tract. Nat Med 8: 1011-7.
251. Korbling, M., R.L. Katz, A. Khanna, A.C. Ruifrok, G. Rondon, M. Albitar, R.E. Champ- lin, and Z. Estrov (2002) Hepatocytes and epithelial cells of donor origin in recipients of peripheral-blood stem cells. N Engl J Med 346: 738-46.
252. LaBarge, M.A. and H.M. Blau (2002) Biological progression from adult bone marrow to mononucleate muscle stem cell to multinucleate muscle fiber in response to injury. Cell 111: 589-601.
253. Glaser, R., M.M. Lu, N. Narula, and J.A. Epstein (2002) Smooth muscle cells, but not myocytes, of host origin in transplanted human hearts. Circulation 106: 17-9.
254. Hruban, R.H., P.P. Long, E.J. Perlman, G.M. Hutchins, W.A. Baumgartner, K.L. Baugh- man, and C.A. Griffin (1993) Fluorescence in situ hybridization for the Y-chromosome can be used to detect cells of recipient origin in allografted hearts following cardiac transplantation. Am J Pathol 142: 975-80.
255. Awaya, N., K. Rupert, E. Bryant, and B. Torok-Storb (2002) Failure of adult marrowderived stem cells to generate marrow stroma after successful hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Exp Hematol 30: 937-42.
256. Hematti, P., S.E. Sellers, B.A. Agricola, M.E. Metzger, R.E. Donahue, C.E. Dunbar (2002) Absence of donor-derived keratinocyte stem cells in skin tissues cultured from patients after mobilized peripheral blood hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Exp Hematol 30: 943-9.
257. Castro, R.F., K.A. Jackson, M.A. Goodell, C.S. Robertson, H. Liu, and H.D. Shine (2002) Failure of bone marrow cells to transdifferentiate into neural cells in vivo. Science 297: 1299.
258. Ying, Q.L., J. Nichols, E.P. Evans, and A.G. Smith (2002) Changing potency by spontaneous fusion. Nature 416: 545-8.
259. Terada, N., T. Hamazaki, M. Oka, M. Hoki, D.M. Mastalerz, Y. Nakano, E.M. Meyer, L. Morel, B.E. Petersen, and E.W. Scott (2002) Bone marrow cells adopt the phenotype of other cells by spontaneous cell fusion. Nature 416: 542-5.
260. Willenbring, H., A.S. Bailey, M. Foster, Y. Akkari, C. Dorrell, S. Olson, M. Finegold, W.H. Fleming, and M. Grompe (2004) Myelomonocytic cells are sufficient for therapeutic cell fusion in liver. Nat Med 10: 744-8.
261. Harris, R.G., E.L. Herzog, E.M. Bruscia, J.E. Grove, J.S. Van Arnam, and D.S. Krause (2004) Lack of a fusion requirement for development of bone marrow-derived epithelia. Science 305: 90-3.
262. Jang, Y.Y., M.I. Collector, S.B. Baylin, A.M. Diehl, and S.J. Sharkis (2004) Hematopoietic stem cells convert into liver cells within days without fusion. Nat Cell Biol 6: 532-9.
263. Doyonnas, R., M.A. LaBarge, A. Sacco, C. Charlton, and H.M. Blau (2004) Hematopoietic contribution to skeletal muscle regeneration by myelomonocytic precursors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 101: 13507-12.
264. Strauer, B.E., M. Brehm, T. Zeus, M. Kostering, A. Hernandez, R.V. Sorg, G. Kogler, and P. Wernet (2002) Repair of infarcted myocardium by autologous intracoronary mononuclear bone marrow cell transplantation in humans. Circulation 106: 1913-8.
265. Perin, E.C., H.F. Dohman, R. Borojevic, S.A. Silva, A.L. Sousa, C.T. Mequita, M.L. Rossi, A.C. Caravalho, H.S. Dutra, H.J. Dohmann, G.V. Silva, L. Belem, R. Vivacqua, F.O. Rangel, R. Esporcatte, Y.J. Geng, W.K. Vaughn, J.A. Assad, E.T. Mesquita, J.T. Eillerson (2003) Transendocardial, autologous bone marrow cell transplantation for severe, chronic ischemic heart failure. Circulation 107: 2294-302.
266. Assmus, B., et al. (2002) Transplantation of progenitor cells and regeneration enhancement in acute myocardial infarction (TOPCARE-AMI). Circulation 106: 3009-17.
267. Balsam, L.B., A.J. Wagers, J.L. Christensen, T. Kofidis, I.L. Weissman, and R.C. Robbins (2004) Haematopoietic stem cells adopt mature haematopoietic fates in ischaemic myocardium. Nature 428: 668-73.
268. Murray, C.E., M.H. Soonpaa, H. Reinecke, H.O. Nakajaima, M. Rubart, K.B. Pasumarthi, J.L. Virag, S.H. Bartelmez, V. Poppa, G. Bradford, J.D. Dowell, D.A. Walliams, L.J. Field (2004) Haematopoietic stem cells do not transdifferentiate into cardiac myocytes in myocardial infarcts. Nature 428: 664-8.
269. Kogler, G., S. Sensken, J.A. Airey, T. Trapp, M. Muschen, N. Feldham, S. Liedtke, R.V. Sorg, J. Fischer, C. Rosenbaum, S. Greschat, A. Knipper, J. Bender, O. Degistirici, J. Gao, A.I. Caplan, E.J. Colletti, G. Almeida-Porada, H.W. Muller, E. Zanjani, P. Wernet (2004) A new human somatic stem cell from placental cord blood with intrinsic pluripotent differentiation potential. J Exp Med 200: 123-35.
270. Eglitis, M.A. and E. Mezey (1997) Hematopoietic cells differentiate into both microglia and macroglia in the brains of adult mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 94: 4080-5.
271. Ferrari, G., A. Stornaiuolo, and F. Mavilio (2001) Failure to correct murine muscular dystrophy. Nature 411: 1014-15.
272. Bittner, R.E., C. Schofer, K. Weipoltshammer, S. Ivanova, B. Streubel, E. Hauser, M. Freilinger, H. Hoger, A. Elbe-Burger, and F. Wachtler (1999) Recruitment of bonemarrow- derived cells by skeletal and cardiac muscle in adult dystrophic mdx mice. Anat Embryol (Berl) 199: 391-6.
273. Asahara, T., H. Masuda, T. Takahashi, C. Kalka, C. Pastore, M. Silver, M. Kearne, M. Magner, and J.M. Isner (1999) Bone marrow origin of endothelial progenitor cells responsible for postnatal vasculogenesis in physiological and pathological neovascularization. Circ Res 85: 221-8.
274. Brazelton, T.R., F.M. Rossi, G.I. Keshet, and H.M. Blau (2000) From marrow to brain: expression of neuronal phenotypes in adult mice. Science 290: 1775-9.
275. Mezey, E., K.J. Chandross, G. Harta, R.A. Maki, and S.R. McKercher (2000) Turning blood into brain: cells bearing neuronal antigens generated in vivo from bone marrow. Science 290: 1779-82.
276. Theise, N.D., S. Badve, R. Saxena, O. Henegariu, S. Sell, J.M. Crawford, and D.S. Krause (2000) Derivation of hepatocytes from bone marrow cells in mice after radiation- induced myeloablation. Hepatology 31: 235-40.
277. Shi, Q., S. Rafii, M.H. Wu, E.S. Wijelath, C. Yu, A. Ishida, Y. Fujita, S. Kothari, R. Mohle, L.R. Sauvage, M.A. Moore, R.F. Shorb, W.P. Hammond (1998) Evidence for circulating bone marrow-derived endothelial cells. Blood 92: 362-7.
278. Petersen, B.E., W.C. Bowen, K.D. Patrene, W.M. Mars, A.K. Sullivan, N. Murase, S.S. Boggs, J.S. Greenberger, and J.P. Goff (1999) Bone marrow as a potential source of hepatic oval cells. Science 284: 1168-70.
279. Horwitz, E.M., D.J. Prockop, L.A. Fitzpatrick, W.W. Koo, P.L. Gordon, M. Neel, M. Sussman, P. Orchard, J.C. Marx, R.E. Pyeritz, and M.K. Brenner (1999) Transplantability and therapeutic effects of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal cells in children with osteogenesis imperfecta. Nat Med 5: 309-13.
280. Appelbaum FR, Kopecky KJ. 1997. Long-term survival after chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia. The experience of the Southwest Oncology Group. Cancer. 80(Suppl.): 199-204.
281. Arias E. 2004. United States life tables, 2001. National Vital Statistics Reports; Volume 52, Number 14. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics.
282. Barker JN, Krepski TP, DeFor TE, Davies SM, Wagner JE, Weisdorf DJ. 2002. Searching for unrelated donor hematopoietic stem cells: Availability and speed of umbilical cord blood versus bone marrow. Biology of Blood & Marrow Transplantation. 8(5): 257-260.
283. Beatty PG, Boucher KM, Mori M, Milford EL. 2000. Probability of finding HLA-mismatched related or unrelated marrow or cord blood donors. Human Immunology. 61: 834-840.
284. Cutler DM, McClellan M. 2001. Is technological change in medicine worth it? Health Affairs. 20: 11-29.
285. Flomenberg N, Baxter-Lowe LA, Confer D, Fernandez-Vina M, Filipovich A, Horowitz MM, Hurley C, Kollman C, Anasetti C, Noreen H, Begovich A, Hildebrand W, Petersdorf E, Schmeckpeper B, Setterholm M, Trachtenberg E, Williams T, Yunis E, Weisdorf D. 2004. Impact of HLA class I and class II high-resolution matching on outcomes of unrelated donor bone marrow transplantation: HLA-C mismatching is associated with a strong adverse effect on transplantation outcome. Blood. 104(7): 1923-1930.
286. General Accounting Office. 2002. Bone Marrow Transplants. GA-03-182.
287. Gold MR, Siegel, JE, Russell LB, Weinstein MC. 1996. Cost-effectiveness in health and medicine. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
288. Hirth RA, Chernew ME, Miller E, Fendrick M, Weissert WG. 2000. Willingness to pay for a quality-adjusted life year: In search of a standard. Medical Decision Making. 20: 332- 342.
289. Institute of Medicine. 2005. From Accord to Discord: Establishing a National Cord Blood Stem Cell Bank Program. Statistical Report. Meyer EA, Gebbie EM, eds. Washington DC: The National Academies Press.
290. International Bone Marrow Transplant Registry. Current use and outcome of blood and marrow transplantation 2004. [Online] Available: http://www.ibmtr.org/newsletter/ sums_update.html. [Accessed: December, 2004].
291. Kollman C, Esteban A, Baitty T, Beatty P, Chakraborty T, Christiansen C, Hartzman RJ, Hurley CK, Milford E, Nyman J, Smith T, Switzer G, Wada R, Setterholm M. 2004.Assessment of optimal size and composition of the U.S. national registry of hematopoietic stem cell donors. Transplantation. 78(1): 89-95.
292. Laughlin MJ, Eapen M, Rubinstein P, Wagner JE, Zhang M, Champlin RE, Stevens C, Barker JN, Gale RP, Lazarus HM, Marks DI, van Rood JJ, Scaradouvou A, Horowitz MM. 2004. Outcomes after transplantation of cord blood or bone marrow from unrelated donors in adults with leukemia. New England Journal of Medicine. 22: 2265-2275.
293. Lee SJ, Anasetti C, Kuntz KM, Patten J, Antin JH, Weeks JC. 1998. The costs and costeffectiveness of unrelated donor bone marrow transplantation for chronic phase chronic myelogenous leukemia. Blood. 92: 4047-4052.
294. Martin JA, Hamilton BE, Sutton PD, Ventura SJ, Menacker F, Munson ML. 2003. Births: Final Data for 2002. National Vital Statistics Reports; Volume 52, Number 10. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics.
295. Rocha V, Labopin M, Sanz G, Arcese W, Schwerdtfeger R, Bosi A, Jacobsen N, Ruutu T, de Lima M, Finke J, Frassoni F, Gluckman E, Acute Leukemia Working Part of European Blood and Marrow Transplant Group, Eurocord-Netcord Registry. 2004. Transplants of umbilical-cord blood or bone marrow from unrelated donors in adults with acute leukemia. New England Journal of Medicine. 22: 2276-2285.
296. Sirchia G, Rebella S, Tibaldi S, Lecchi L. 1999. Cost of umbilical cord blood units released for transplantation. Transfusion. 39: 645-650.
297. Socié G, Veum Stone J, Wingard JR, Weisdorf D, Henslee-Downey PJ, Bredeson C, Cahn JY, Passweg JR, Rowlings PA, Schouten HC, Kolb HJ, Klein JP. 1999. Long-term survival and late deaths after allogenic bone marrow transplantation. New England Journal of Medicine. 341(1): 14-21.
298. Vigdor ER. 2003. Coverage does matter: The value of health forgone by the uninsured. In: Committee on the Consequences of Uninsurance. Hidden Costs, Value Lost: Uninsurance in America. Washington DC: The National Academies Press.
299. American Society for Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics Laboratory Manual, A. B. Hahn, G. A. Land, and R. M. Strothman, eds. American Society for Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics, 2000. New York.
300. Beatty, P. G., M. Mori, and E. Milford. 1995. Impact of racial genetic polymorphism on the probability of finding an HLA-matched donor. Transplantation 60:778-783.
301. Beatty, P. G., K. M. Boucher, M. Mori, and E. L. Milford. 2000. Probability of finding HLA-mismatched related or unrelated marrow or cord blood donors. Human Immunology 61:834-840.
302. Benacerraf, B. 1981. The role of MHC gene products in immune regulation and its relevance to alloreactivity. In Nobel Lectures, Physiology or Medicine, 1971-1980. J. Lindsten, ed. World Scientific Publishing Co., Singapore, 1992. Available at: http:// nobelprize.org/medicine/laureates/1980/benacerraf-lecture.html.
303. Bjorkman, P. J. and P. Parham. 1990. Structure, function, and diversity of class I major histocompatibility complex molecules. Annu.Rev.Biochem. 59:253-288.
304. Bozon, M. V., J. C. Delgado, A. Selvakumar, O. P. Clavijo, M. Salazar, M. Ohashi, S. M. Alosco, J. Russell, N. Yu, B. Dupont, and E. J. Yunis. 1997. Error rate for HLA-B antigen assignment by serology: implications for proficiency testing and utilization of DNA-based typing methods. Tissue Antigens 50:387-394.
305. Bugawan, T. L., W. Klitz, A. Blair, and H. A. Erlich. 2000. High-resolution HLA class I typing in the CEPH families: analysis of linkage disequilibrium among HLA loci. Tissue Antigens 56:392-404.
306. Bugawan, T., W. Klitz, and H. A. Erlich. 2002. The association of specific class I and class II alleles with Type 1 diabetes among Filipinos. Tissue Antigens 59:452-469.
307. Cao, K., J. Hollenbach, X. Shi, W. Shi, M. Chopek, and M. Fernandez-Vina. 2001.Analysis of the frequencies of HLA-A, B, and C alleles and haplotypes in the five major ethnic groups of the United States reveals high levels of diversity in these loci and contrasting distribution patterns in these populations. Human Immunology 62:1009- 1030.
308. Carrington, M., J. C. Stephens, W. Klitz, A. B. Begovich, H. A. Erlich, and D. Mann. 1994. Major histocompatibility complex class II haplotypes and linkage disequilibrium values observed in the CEPH families. Human Immunology 41:234-240.
309. Carrington, M., M. P. Martin, T. Kissner, D. Vlahov, J. J. Goedert, R. Kaslow, S. Buchbinder, K. Hoots, and S. J. O'Brien. 1999. HLA and HIV-1: heterozygote advantage and B*35-Cw*04 disadvantage. Science 283:1748-1752.
310. Carrington, M. 1999. Recombination within the human MHC. Immunol. Rev. 167: 245-256.
311. Dausset, J. 1981. The Nobel Lectures in Immunology. Lecture for the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine, 1980: The major histocompatibility complex in man. Past, present, and future concepts. Science 213:1469-1474.
312. Falkenburg, J. H., L. van de Corput, E. W. Marijt, and R. Willemze. 2003. Minor histocompatibility antigens in human stem cell transplantation. Experimental Hematology 31:743-751.
313. Fischer, G. 2002. Immunogenetic selection of donors for haematopoietic stem cell trans- plantation: an approach. Transpl. Immunol. 10:223-225.
314. Flomenberg, N., L. A. Baxter-Lowe, D. Confer, M. Fernandez-Vina, A. Filipovich, M. Horowitz, C. Hurley, C. Kollman, C. Anasetti, H. Noreen, A. Begovich, W. Hildebrand, E. Petersdorf, B. Schmeckpeper, M. Setterholm, E. Trachtenberg, T. Williams, E. Yunis, and D. Weisdorf. 2004. Impact of HLA class I and class II high resolution matching on outcomes of unrelated donor bone marrow transplantation: HLA-C mismatching is associated with a strong adverse effect on transplant outcome. Blood 104:1923-1930.
315. Fotenot, A. P., M. Torres, W. H. Marchall, L. S. Newmann, and B. L. Kotzin. 2000. Beryllium presentation to CD4+ T cells underlies disease-susceptibility HLA-DP alleles in chronic beryllium disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97:12717-12722.
316. Gahrton, G., J. J. van Rood, and M. Oudshoorn. 2003. The World Marrow Donor Association (WMDA): its goals and activities. Bone Marrow Transplant 32:121-124.
317. Game, D. S., and R. I. Lechler. 2002. Pathways of allorecognition: implications for transplantation tolerance. Transpl. Immunol. 10:101-108.
318. Gao, X., G. W. Nelson, P. Karacki, M. P. Martin, J. Phair, R. Kaslow, J. J. Gaedert, S. Buchbinder, K. Hoots, D. Vlahov, S. J. O'Brien, and M. Carrington. 2001. Effect of a single amino acid change in MHC class I molecules on the rate of progression to AIDS. N Engl J Med 344:1668-1675.
319. Gebe, J. A., E. Swanson, and W. W. Kwok. 2002. HLA class II peptide-binding and autoimmunity. Tissue Antigens 59:78-87.
320. Goldman, J. M. 1994. A special report: bone marrow transplants using volunteer do- nors-Recommendations and requirements for a standardized practice throughout the world-1994 update. Blood 84:2833-2839.
321. Gregerson, P. K., J. Silver, and R. F. Winchester. 1987. The shared epitope hypothesis. An approach to understanding the molecular genetics of susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 30:1205-1213.
322. Groth, C. G., L. B. Brent, R. Y. Calne, J. Daussert, R. A. Good, J. E. Murray, N. E. Shumway, R. S. Schwartz, T. E. Starzl, P. I. Terasaki, E. D. Thomas, and J. J. van Rood. 2000. Historic landmarks in clinical transplantation: conclusions from the consensus conference at the University of California, Los Angeles. World J. Surg. 24:834-843.
323. Hansen, J.A. 1996. Development of registries of HLA-typed volunteer marrow donors. Tissue Antigens 47:460-463.
324. Helmberg, W. 2000. Storage and utilization of HLA genomic data-new approaches to HLA typing. Rev. Immunogenetics 2:468-476.
325. Helmberg, W., J. Hegland, C. K. Hurley, M. Maiers, S. G. E. Marsh, C. Muller, and E. H. Rozemuller. 2000. Going back to the roots: effective utilisation of HLA typing information for bone marrow registries requires full knowledge of the DNA sequences of the oligonucleotide reagents used in the testing. Tissue Antigens 56:99-102.
326. Hurley, C. K. 1997. Acquisition and use of DNA-based HLA typing data in bone mar- row registries. Tissue Antigens 49:323-328.
327. Hurley, C. K., M. Fernandez-Vina, W. H. Hildebrand, H. J. Noreen, E. Trachtenberg, et al. A high degree of HLA disparity arises from limited allelic diversity: analysis of 1874 unrelated bone marrow transplant donor-recipient pairs, in preparation.
328. Hurley, C. K., and C. Raffoux. 2004. World Marrow Donor Association: international standards for unrelated hematopoietic stem cell donor registries. Bone Marrow Transplant 34:103-110.
329. Hurley, C. K., M. Fernandez-Vina, and M. Setterholm. 2003. Maximizing optimal he- matopoietic stem cell donor selection from registries of unrelated adult volunteers. Tissue Antigens 61:415-424.
330. Hurley, C. K., M. Maiers, J. Ng, D. Wagage, J. Hegland, J. Baisch, R. Endres, M. Fernandez-Vina, U. Heine, S. Hsu, M. Kamon, Y. Mitsuishi, D. Monos, H. Noreen, L. Perlee, S. Rodriguez-Marino, A. Smith, P. Stastny, M. Trucco, S. Y. Yang, N. Yu, R. Holsten, R. J. Hartzman, and M. Setterholm. 2000. Large-scale DNA-based typing of HLA-A and HLA-B at low resolution is highly accurate specific and reliable. Tissue Antigens 55:352-358.
331. Hurley, C. K., L. A. Baxter-Lowe, B. Logan, C. Karanes, C. Anasetti, D. Weisdorf, and D. L. Confer. 2003. National Marrow Donor Program HLA-matching guidelines for unrelated marrow transplants. Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation 9: 610-615.
332. Hurley, C. K., J. A. Wade, M. Oudshoorn, D. Middleton, D. Kukuruga, C. Navarette, F. Christiansen, J. Heglund, E. C. Ren, I. Anderson, S. A. Cleaver, C. Brautbar, C. Raffoux. 1999. A special report: histocompatibility testing guidelines for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation using volunteer donors. Human Immunol. 60:347-360.
333. Hurley, C. K., J. Hegland, M. A. Fernández-Vina, M. Maiers, A. Lazaro, R. J. Hartzman, K. Cao, J. Ng, M. Janzen, and M. Setterholm. 2003. Designing a typing system for a hematopoietic stem cell registry. In: HLA 2002: Immunobiology of the Human MHC. J. A. Hansen and B. Dupont, eds. IHWG Press, Seattle, WA.
334. Hurley, C. K., M. Setterholm, M. Lau, M. S. Pollack, H. Noreen, A. Howard, M. Fernandez-Vina, D. KuKuruga, C. R. Muller, M. Venance, J. A. Wade, M. Oudshoorn, C. Raffoux, J. Enczmann, P. Wernet, and M. Maiers. 2004. Hematopoietic stem cell donor registry strategies for assigning search determinants and matching relationships. Bone Marrow Transplantation 33:443-450.
335. Anthony Nolan HLA nomenclature. Available at: http://www.anthonynolan.org.uk/HIG/ nomen/nomen_index.html.
336. Imanishi, T., T. Akaza, A. Kimura, K. Tokunaga, and T. Gojobori. 1992. Allele and haplotype frequencies for HLA and complement loci in various ethnic groups. In: HLA 1991. Volume 1. K. Tsuji, M. Aizawa, and T. Sasazuki, eds. Oxford University Press, New York, pp. 1065-1220.
337. Janeway, C., P. Travers, M. Walport, and M. Shlomchik. 2005. Immunobiology, 6th edition. New York: Garland Publishing.
338. Klein, J., and A. Sato. 2000. The HLA system. First of two parts. N. Engl. J. Med 343:702-709.
339. Klein, J., and A. Sato. 2000. The HLA system. Second of two parts. N. Engl. J. Med 343:782-786.
340. Klitz, W. 2004. Resolution of testing for disease/anthropology studies-how do statistics impact the typing strategy? In: HLA 2002: Immunobiology of the Human MHC. J.A. Hansen and B. Dupont, eds. IHWG Press, Seattle, WA.
341. Klitz, W., M. Maiers, S. Spellman, L. A. Baxter-Lowe, B. Schmeckpeper, T. M. Will- iams, and M. Fernandez-Vina. 2003. New HLA haplotype frequency reference standards: high-resolution and large sample typing of HLA DR-DQ haplotypes in a sample of European Americans. Tissue Antigens 62:296-307.
342. Kollman, C., E. Abella, R. L. Baitty, P. G. Beatty, R. Chakraborty, C. L. Christiansen, R. J. Hartzman, C. K. Hurley, E. Milford, J. A. Nyman, T. J. Smith, G. E. Switzer, R. K. Wada, and M. Setterholm. 2004. Assessment of optimal size and composition of the U.S. National Registry of hematopoietic stem cell donors. Transplantation 78:89-95.
343. Kollman, C., et al. An Extended Version of the EM Algorithm to Estimate HLA-A, B, DRB1 Haplotype Frequencies Using a National Registry of Volunteer Donors, in preparation.
344. Little, A.-M., and P. Parham. 1999. Polymorphism and evolution of HLA class I and class II genes and molecules. Rev. Immunogenetics 1:105-123.
345. Lou C. D., et al. Histocompatibility testing by immunologic methods: humoral assays. In: N. R. Rose, E. Conway de Macario, J. D. Folds, et al., eds. Manual of Clinical Laboratory Immunology. Washington, DC: ASM Press; 1997:1087-1097.
346. Maiers, M., G. M. T. Schreuder, M. Lau, S. G. E. Marsh, M. Fernandez-Vina, H. Noreen, M. Setterholm, and C. K. Hurley. 2003. Use of a neural network to assign serologic specificities to HLA-A, -B and -DRB1 allelic products. Tissue Antigens 62: 21-47.
347. Maiers, M., C. K. Hurley, L. Perlee, M. Fernandez-Vina, J. Baisch, D. Cook, P. Fraser, U. Heine, S. Hsu, M. S. Leffell, D. Maurer, H. Noreen, T. Tang, M. Trucco, S. Y. Yang, N. Yu, R. J. Hartzman, M. Setterholm, T. Winden, D. Shepherd, and J. Hegland. 2001. Maintaining updated DNA-based HLA assignments in the National Marrow Donor Program bone marrow registry. Rev. Immunogenetics 2:449-460.
348. Marsh, S. G. E., E. D. Albert, W. F. Bodmer, R. E. Bontrap, B. Dupont, H. A. Erlich, D. E. Geraghty, J. A. Hansen, B. Mach, W. R. Mayr, P. Parham, E. W. Petersdorf, T. Sasazuki, G. M. Schreuder, J. L. Strominger, A. Sveijgaard, and P. T. Terasaki. 2002. Nomenclature for factors of the HLA system, 2002. Tissue Antigens 60:407-464.
349. Middleton, D. 1999. History of DNA typing for the human MHC. Rev. Immunogenetics 1:135-156.
350. Mori, M., P. G. Beatty, M. Graves, K. M. Boucher, and E. L. Milford. 1997. HLA gene and haplotype frequencies in the North American population-The National Marrow Donor Program Donor Registry. Transplantation 64:1017-1027.
351. Mori, M., M. Graves, E. L. Milford, and P. G. Beatty. 1996. Computer program to predict likelihood of finding an HLA-matched donor: methodology, validation, and application. Biol. Blood Marrow Transplant. 2:134-144.
352. Morishima, Y., T. Sasazuki, H. Inoki, T. Juji, T. Akaza, K. Yamamoto, Y. Ishikawa, S. Kato, H. Sao, H. Sakamaki, K. Kawa, N. Hamajima, S. Asano, and Y. Kodera. 2002. The clinical significance of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) allele compatibility in patients receiving a marrow transplant from serologically HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-DR matched unrelated donors. Blood 99:4200-4206.
353. Muller, C. R. 2003. Computer applications in the search for unrelated stem cell donors. Transpl.Immunol. 10:227-240.
354. Müller, C. R., G. Ehninger, and S. F. Goldman. 2003. Gene and haplotype frequencies for the loci HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-DR based on over 13,000 German blood donors. Human Immunology 64:137-151.
355. Mytilineos, J., M. Lempert, S. Scherer, V. Schwarz, and G. Opelz. 1998. Comparison of serological and DNA PCR-SSP typing results for HLA-A and HLA-B in 421 black individuals- a collaborative transplant study report. Human Immunology 59:512-517.
356. Navarrete, C. High Throughput Systems for HLA Typing Bone Marrow and Cord Blood Donors of the British Bone Marrow Registry. In: HLA 2002: Immunobiology of the Human MHC. J. A. Hansen and B. Dupont, eds. IHWG Press, Seattle, WA.
357. Noreen, H. J., N. Yu, M. Setterholm, M. Ohashi, J. Baisch, R. Endres, M. Fernandez- Vina, U. Heine, S. Hsu, M. Kamoun, Y. Mitsuishi, D. Monos, L. Perlee, S. Rodriguez- Marino, S. Smith, S. Y. Yang, K. Shipp, J. Hegland, and C. K. Hurley. 2001. Validation of DNA-based HLA-A and HLA-B testing of volunteers for a bone marrow registry through parallel testing with serology. Tissue Antigens 57:221-229.
358. Ng, J., C. K. Hurley, C. Carter, L. A. Baxter-Lowe, D. Bing, M. Chopek, J. Hegland, T. D. Lee, T. C. Li, S. Hsu, D. KuKuruga, J. M. Mason, D. Monos, H. Noreen, G. Rosner, B. Schmeckpeper, B. Dupont, and R. J. Hartzman. 1996. Large-scale DRB and DQB1 oligonucleotide typing for the NMDP registry: progress report from year 2. Tissue Antigens 47:21-26.
359. Ottinger, H. D., C. R. Muller, S. F. Goldmann, E. Albert, R. Arnold, D. W. Beelen, R. Blasczyk, D. Bunjies, J. Casper, W. Ebell, G. Ehniger, T. Eierman, H. Einsele, A. Fauber, S. Ferencik, J. Finke, B. Hertenstein, A. Heyell, T. Klingebiel, A. Knipper, B. Kremens, H. J. Kolb, K. Kolbe, E. Lenartz, M. Lindemann, C. A. Muller, J. Mytilineos, D. Wiederweiser, J. Runde, H. Sayer, U. W. Schaefer, W. Schmitz, S. Schroder, R. Schalze- Roth, R. Schwerdtfeger, W. Siegert, B. Thiele, A. R. Zander, and H. Grosse-Wilde. 2001. Second German consensus on immunogenetic donor search for allotransplantation of hematopoietic stem cells. Ann Hematol 80:706-714.
360. Ottinger, H. D., V. Rebmann, K. A. Pfeiffer, D. W. Beelen, B. Kremens, V. Runde, U. W. Schaefer, and H. Grosse-Wilde. 2002. Positive serum crossmatch as predictor for graft failure in HLA-mismatched allogeneic blood stem cell transplantation. Transplantation 73:1280-1285.
361. Oudshoorn, M., A. van Leuuwen, H. G. v.d. Zanden, and J. J. van Rood. 1994. Bone Marrow Donors Worldwide: a successful exercise in international cooperation. Bone Marrow Transplant 14:3-8.
362. Parham, P., and K. L. McQueen. 2003. Alloreactive killer cells: hindrance and help for haematopoietic transplants. Nat Rev Immunol 3:108-122.
363. Petersdorf, E. W., C. Anasetti, P. J. Martin, and J. A. Hansen. 2003. Tissue typing in support of unrelated hamatopoietic cell transplantation. Tissue Antigens 61:1-11.
364. Petersdorf, E. W., J. A. Hansen, P. J. Martin, A. E. Woolfrey, M. Malkki, T. Gooley, B. Storer, E. Mickelson, A. Smith, and C. Anasetti. 2001. Major-histocompatibility-complex class I alleles and antigens in hematopoietic-cell transplantation. N. Engl. J. Med. 345:1794-1800.
365. Ramos, M., and J. A. Lopez de Castro. 2002. HLA-B27 and the pathogenesis of spondyloarthritis. Tissue Antigens 60:191-205.
366. Rhodes, D. A., J. Trowsdale. 1999. Genetics and molecular genetics of the MHC. Rev. Immunogenetics 1:21-31.
367. Robinson, J., M. J. Waller, P. Parham, J. G. Bodmer, and S. G. E. Marsh. 2001. IMGT/ HLA database-a sequence database for the human major histocompatibility complex. Nucleic Acids Res. 29:210-213.
368. Schaffer, M., A. Aldener-Cannava, M. Remberger, O. Ringden, and O. Olerup. 2003. Roles of HLA-B, HLA-C and HLA-DPA1 incompatibilities in the outcome of unrelated stem-cell transplantation. Tissue Antigens 62:243-250.
369. Schipper, R. F., M. Oudshoorn, J. D'Amaro, H. G. van der Zanden, P. De Lange, J. T. Bakker, J. Bakker, and J. J. Van Rood. 1996. Validation of large data sets, an essential prerequisite for data analysis: an analytical survey of the Bone Marrow Donors Worldwide. Tissue Antigens 47:169-178.
370. Schipper, R. F., J. D'Amaro, J. T. Bakker, J. J. Van Rood, and M. Oudshoorn. 1997. HLA gene and haplotype frequencies in bone marrow donors worldwide registries. Human Immunology 52:54-71.
371. Schreuder, G. M. Th., C. K. Hurley, S. G. E. Marsh, M. Lau, M. Maiers, C. Kollman, and H. J. Noreen. 2001. The HLA dictionary 2001: a summary of HLA-A, -B, -C, -DRB1/3/4/5, -DQB1 alleles and their association with serologically defined HLA-A, -B, -C, -DR, and -DQ antigens. Human Immunology 62:826-849.
372. Shaw, B. E., M. N. Potter, N. P. Mayor, A. L. Pay, C. Smith, J. M. Goldman, H. G. Prentice, S. G. Marsh, and J. A. Madrigal. 2003. The degree of matching at HLA-DPB1 predicts for acute graft-versus-host disease and disease relapse following haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant 31:1001-1008.
373. Smith, A. J. Quality Control in the HLA Typing Laboratory In HLA 2002: Immunobiology of the Human MHC. J. A. Hansen and B. Dupont, eds. IHWG Press, Seattle,WA.
374. Snell, G. D. 1992. Lecture for the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine, 1980: Studies in histocompatibility. Scand. J. Immunol. 36:513-526.
375. Tang, T. F., J. Wang, R. Slack, Y.-S. Lin, L. Li, U. Heine, J. Ng, R. J. Hartzman, and C. K. Hurley. 2002. DRB1*03 diversity and DRB3 associations in five major population groups in the United States. Human Immunology 63:221-228. (example of allele frequency study)
376. Whitelegg, A., and L. D. Barber. 2004. The structural basis of T-cell allorecognition. Tissue Antigens 63:101-108.
377. World Marrow Donor Association. 2003. Donor Registries Annual Report 2002, 6th edition.
378. World Marrow Donor Association and NetCord. 2002. Unrelated Cord Blood Regis- tries/Banks Annual Report 2001, 3rd edition.
379. Yeager, M., and A. L. Hughes. 1999. Evolution of the mammalian MHC: natural selec- tion, recombination, and convergent evolution. Immunol. Rev. 167:45-58.
380. Zino, E., G. Frumento, S. Marktel, M. P. Sormani, F. Ficara, S. Di Terlizzi, A. M. Parodi, R. Sergeant, M. Martinetti, A. Bontadini, F. Bonifazi, D. Lisini, B. Mazzi, S. Rossini, P. Servida, F. Ciceri, C. Bonini, E. Lanino, G. Bandini, F. Locatelli, J. Apperley, A. Bacigalupo, G. B. Ferrara, C. Bordignon, and K. Fleischhauer. 2004. A T-cell epitope encoded by a subset of HLA-DPB1 alleles determines nonpermissive mismatches for hematologic stem cell transplantation. Blood 103:1417-1424.
381. Gibbons RD, Duan N, Meltzer D, Pope A, Pehoet ED, Dubler NN, Francis CK, Gill B, Guinan E, Henderson M, Ildstad ST, King PA, Martinez-Maldonado M, Mclain GW, Murray JE, Nelkin D, Spellman MW, and Pitluck S. 2003. Waiting for organ transplantation: Results of an analysis of an Institute of Medicine committee. Biostatistics 42:207-222.
382. The CancerWEB Project. 2004. On-Line Medical Dictionary. [Online] Available: http:// cancerweb.ncl.ac.uk/cgi-bin/omd [accessed March 2005].