Influence of unhealthy food and beverage marketing on children's dietary intake and preference: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials

Obesity Reviews

Volumn 17, Issue 10, 2016, Pages 945-959

  Sadeghirad, B ^a,b,c   Duhaney, T ^d   Motaghipisheh, S ^e   Campbell, N R C ^d,f   Johnston, B C ^a,b,g,h  

^a MCMASTER UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^b HOSPITAL FOR SICK CHILDREN RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (Canada)

^c KERMAN UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES   (Iran)

^d UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY   (Canada)

^e KERMAN UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES   (Iran)

^f UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY   (Canada)

^g HOSPITAL FOR SICK CHILDREN   (Canada)

^h UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

Author keywords

Dietary intake; dietary preference; meta analysis; randomized trial; unhealthy, food and beverage marketing

Indexed keywords

ADVERTISING; CALORIC INTAKE; CHILD NUTRITION; DIETARY INTAKE; FOOD PREFERENCE; HUMAN; MARKETING; META ANALYSIS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (TOPIC); REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; SOFT DRINK; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW;

EID: 84986581369     PISSN: 14677881     EISSN: 1467789X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/obr.12445     Document Type: Review

References (62)

1. Ng M, Fleming T, Robinson M et al. Global, regional, and national prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adults during 1980–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Lancet 2014; 384: 766–81.
2. Lobstein T, Jackson-Leach R, Moodie ML et al. Child and adolescent obesity: part of a bigger picture. Lancet 2015; 385: 2510–20.
3. Wang Y, Lobstein T. Worldwide trends in childhood overweight and obesity. Int J Pediatr Obes 2006; 1: 11–25.
4. Weiss R, Kaufman FR. Metabolic complications of childhood obesity identifying and mitigating the risk. Diabetes Care 2008; 31: S310–S16.
5. Drewnowski A, Darmon N. The economics of obesity: dietary energy density and energy cost. Soc Sci Med 2005; 82: 265S–73S.
6. Harris JL, Bargh JA. Television viewing and unhealthy diet: implications for children and media interventions. Health Commun 2009; 24: 660–73.
7. Cecchini M, Sassi F, Lauer JA, Lee YY, Guajardo-Barron V, Chisholm D. Tackling of unhealthy diets, physical inactivity, and obesity: health effects and cost-effectiveness. Lancet 2010; 376: 1775–84.
8. U.S. Burden of Disease Collaborators. The state of us health, 1990–2010: burden of diseases, injuries, and risk factors. JAMA 2013; 310: 591–606.
9. Boyland EJ, Halford JCG. Television advertising and branding. Effects on eating behaviour and food preferences in children. Appetite 2013; 62: 236–41.
10. Linn S, Novosat CL. Calories for sale: food marketing to children in the twenty-first century. Ann Am Acad Pol Soc Sci 2008; 615: 133–55.
11. Cairns G, Angus K, Hastings G. The extent, nature and effects of food promotion to children: a review of the evidence to December 2008. http://www.who.int/dietphysicalactivity/Evidence_Update_2009.pdf: World Health Organization, Geneva 2009.
12. World Health Organization. Set of Recommendations on the Marketing of Foods and Non-alcoholic Beverages to Children. WHO: Geneva, 2010.
13. Potvin Kent M, Dubois L, Wanless A. Self-regulation by industry of food marketing is having little impact during children's preferred television. Int J Pediatr Obes 2011; 6: 401–08.
14. Powell LM, Schermbeck RM, Szczypka G, Chaloupka FJ, Braunschweig CL. Trends in the nutritional content of television food advertisements seen by children in the United States: analyses by age, food categories, and companies. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2011; 165: 1078–86.
15. Cairns G, Angus K, Hastings G, Caraher M. Systematic reviews of the evidence on the nature, extent and effects of food marketing to children. A retrospective summary. Appetite 2013; 62: 209–15.
16. Hastings G, McDermott L, Angus K, Stead M, Thomson S. The extent, nature and effects of food promotion to children. A review of the evidence technical paper prepared for the World Health Organization. http://www.whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2007/9789241595247_eng.pdf: World Health Organization, Geneva 2006.
17. Jenkin G, Madhvani N, Signal L, Bowers S. A systematic review of persuasive marketing techniques to promote food to children on television. Obes Rev 2014; 15: 281–93.
18. Higgins JP, Green S. Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions, version [5.1.0] (updated March 2011). The Cochrane Collaboration, 2011.
19. World Health Organization. Healthy diet. Fact sheet No. 394. http://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/nutrientrequirements/healthydiet_factsheet394.pdf: Updated May 2015.
20. Higgins JPT, Altman DG, Gøtzsche PC et al. The Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ 2011; 343: d5928.
21. Guyatt GH, Oxman AD, Vist GE et al. GRADE: an emerging consensus on rating quality of evidence and strength of recommendations. BMJ 2008; 336: 924–26.
22. Higgins JPT, Thompson SG, Deeks JJ, Altman DG. Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses. BMJ 2003; 327: 557–60.
23. Altman DG, Bland JM. Interaction revisited: the difference between two estimates. BMJ 2003; 326: 219.
24. Sterne JA, Sutton AJ, Ioannidis J et al. Recommendations for examining and interpreting funnel plot asymmetry in meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials. BMJ 2011; 343: d4002.
25. Chernin A. The effects of food marketing on children's preferences: testing the moderating roles of age and gender. Ann Am Acad Pol Soc Sci 2008; 615: 102–18.
26. Galst JP. Television food commercials and pro-nutritional public service announcements as determinants of young children's snack choices. Child Dev 1980; 51: 935–38.
27. Gorn GJ, Goldberg ME. Behavioral evidence of the effects of televised food messages on children. J Consum Res 1982; 9: 200–05.
28. Anschutz DJ, Engels RC, Van Strien T. Side effects of television food commercials on concurrent nonadvertised sweet snack food intakes in young children. Am J Clin Nutr 2009; 89: 1328–33.
29. Anschutz DJ, Engels RCME, Van Strien T. Maternal encouragement to be thin moderates the effect of commercials on children's snack food intake. Appetite 2010; 55: 117–23.
30. Borzekowski DLG, Robinson TN. The 30-second effect: an experiment revealing the impact of television commercials on food preferences of preschoolers. J Am Diet Assoc 2001; 101: 42–46.
31. Dawson BL, Jeffrey DB, Walsh JA. Television food commericals' effect on children's resistance to temptation. J Appl Soc Psychol 1988; 18: 1353–60.
32. de Droog SM, Valkenburg PM, Buijzen M. Using brand characters to promote young children's liking of and purchase requests for fruit. J Health Commun 2010; 16: 79–89.
33. Dixon HG, Scully ML, Wakefield MA, White VM, Crawford DA. The effects of television advertisements for junk food versus nutritious food on children's food attitudes and preferences. Soc Sci Med 2007; 65: 1311–23.
34. Dixon H, Scully M, Niven P et al. Effects of nutrient content claims, sports celebrity endorsements and premium offers on pre-adolescent children's food preferences: experimental research. Pediatr Obes 2014; 9: e47–e57.
35. Elliott CD, Den Hoed RC, Conlon MJ. Food branding and young children's taste preferences: a reassessment. Can J Public Health 2013; 104: e364–e68.
36. Folkvord F, Anschütz D, Buijzen M, Valkenburg P. The effect of playing advergames that promote energy-dense snacks or fruit on actual food intake among children. Am J Clin Nutr 2013; 97: 239–45.
37. Folkvord F, Anschütz DJ, Nederkoorn C, Westerik H, Buijzen M. Impulsivity, “advergames,” and food intake. Pediatrics 2014; 133: 1007–12.
38. Forman J, Halford JC, Summe H, MacDougall M, Keller KL. Food branding influences ad libitum intake differently in children depending on weight status. Results of a pilot study. Appetite 2009; 53: 76–83.
39. Goldberg ME, Gorn GJ, Gibson W. TV messages for snack and breakfast foods: do they influence children's preferences? J Consum Res 1978; 5: 73–81.
40. Gorn GJ, Goldberg ME. Children's responses to repetitive television commercials. J Consum Res 1980; 6: 421–24.
41. Harris JL, Bargh JA, Brownell KD. Priming effects of television food advertising on eating behavior. Health Psychol 2009; 28: 404–13.
42. Harris JL, Speers SE, Schwartz MB, Brownell KD. Us food company branded advergames on the internet: children's exposure and effects on snack consumption. J Child Media 2012; 6: 51–68.
43. Jones SC, Kervin L. An experimental study on the effects of exposure to magazine advertising on children's food choices. Public Health Nutr 2011; 14: 1337–44.
44. Keller KL, Kuilema LG, Lee N et al. The impact of food branding on children's eating behavior and obesity. Physiol Behav 2012; 106: 379–86.
45. King L, Hill AJ. Magazine adverts for healthy and less healthy foods: effects on recall but not hunger or food choice by pre-adolescent children. Appetite 2008; 51: 194–97.
46. Kotler JA, Schiffman JM, Hanson KG. The influence of media characters on children's food choices. J Health Commun 2012; 17: 886–98.
47. Lapierre MA, Vaala SE, Linebarger DL. Influence of licensed spokescharacters and health cues on children's ratings of cereal taste. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2011; 165: 229–34.
48. Mallinckrodt V, Mizerski D. The effects of playing an advergame on young children's perceptions, preferences, and requests. J Advert 2007; 36: 87–100.
49. Pempek TA, Calvert SL. Tipping the balance: use of advergames to promote consumption of nutritious foods and beverages by low-income African American children. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2009; 163: 633–37.
50. Rifon NJ, Taylor Quilliam E, Paek HJ, Weatherspoon LJ, Kim SK, Smreker KC. Age-dependent effects of food advergame brand integration and interactivity. Int J Advert 2014; 33: 475–508.
51. Roberto CA, Baik J, Harris JL, Brownell KD. Influence of licensed characters on children's taste and snack preferences. Pediatrics 2010; 126: 88–93.
52. Robinson TN, Borzekowski DL, Matheson DM, Kraemer HC. Effects of fast food branding on young children's taste preferences. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2007; 161: 792–97.
53. Toomey DA, Francis AL. Branded product placement and pre-teenaged consumers: influence on brand preference and choice. Young Consumers 2013; 14: 180–92.
54. Chou SY, Rashad I, Grossman M. Fast-food restaurant advertising on television and its influence on childhood obesity. J Law Econ 2008; 51: 599–618.
55. Waiguny MK, Nelson MR, Terlutter R. The relationship of persuasion knowledge, identification of commercial intent and persuasion outcomes in advergames—the role of media context and presence. J Consum Policy 2014; 37: 257–77.
56. Bellman S, Kemp A, Haddad H, Varan D. The effectiveness of advergames compared to television commercials and interactive commercials featuring advergames. Comput Human Behav 2014; 32: 276–83.
57. Boyland EJ, Nolan S, Kelly B et al. Advertising as a cue to consume: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of acute exposure to unhealthy food and nonalcoholic beverage advertising on intake in children and adults. Am J Clin Nutr 2016; 103: 519–33.
58. Kelly B, Halford JCG, Boyland EJ et al. Television food advertising to children: a global perspective. Am J Public Health 2010; 100: 1730–36.
59. Veerman JL, Van Beeck EF, Barendregt JJ, Mackenbach JP. By how much would limiting TV food advertising reduce childhood obesity? Eur J Public Health 2009; 19: 365–69.
60. Potvin Kent M, Dubois L, Wanless A. A nutritional comparison of foods and beverages marketed to children in two advertising policy environments. Obesity 2012; 20: 1829–37.
61. Potvin Kent M, Wanless A. The influence of the Children's Food and Beverage Advertising Initiative: change in children's exposure to food advertising on television in Canada between 2006–2009. Int J Obes 2014; 38: 558–62.
62. Powell LM, Harris JL, Fox T. Food marketing expenditures aimed at youth: putting the numbers in context. Am J Prev Med 2013; 45: 453–61.