Value-Added Clinical Systems Learning Roles for Medical Students That Transform Education and Health: A Guide for Building Partnerships between Medical Schools and Health Systems

Academic Medicine

Volumn 92, Issue 5, 2017, Pages 602-607

  Gonzalo, Jed D ^a   Lucey, Catherine ^b   Wolpaw, Terry ^a   Chang, Anna ^b  

^a PENN STATE MILTON S HERSHEY MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

COOPERATION; CURRICULUM; HEALTH CARE DELIVERY; HEALTH CARE POLICY; HUMAN; LEADERSHIP; LEARNING; MEDICAL EDUCATION; MEDICAL SCHOOL; PROCEDURES; PUBLIC HEALTH; PUBLIC RELATIONS; SYSTEM ANALYSIS;

COOPERATIVE BEHAVIOR; CURRICULUM; DELIVERY OF HEALTH CARE; EDUCATION, MEDICAL, UNDERGRADUATE; HEALTH POLICY; HUMANS; INTERPROFESSIONAL RELATIONS; LEADERSHIP; LEARNING; PUBLIC HEALTH; SCHOOLS, MEDICAL; SYSTEMS ANALYSIS;

EID: 84984684870     PISSN: 10402446     EISSN: 1938808X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/ACM.0000000000001346     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. Skochelak SE. A decade of reports calling for change in medical education: What do they say Acad Med. 2010; 85(9 suppl): S26-S33.
2. Berwick DM, Finkelstein JA. Preparing medical students for the continual improvement of health and health care: Abraham Flexner and the new "public interest. " Acad Med. 2010; 85(9 suppl): S56-S65.
3. Cooke M, Irby DM, O'Brien BC; Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching. Educating Physicians: A Call for Reform of Medical School and Residency. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass; 2010.
4. Grumbach K, Lucey CR, Johnston SC. Transforming from centers of learning to learning health systems: The challenge for academic health centers. JAMA. 2014; 311: 1109-1110.
5. Association of American Medical Colleges. Help Wanted: More U. S. Doctors. Projections Indicate America Will Face Shortage of M. D. s by 2020. https: // www. aamc. org/download/82874/data/ helpwanted. pdf. Accessed June 23, 2016.
6. Crosson FJ, Leu J, Roemer BM, Ross MN. Gaps in residency training should be addressed to better prepare doctors for a twenty-first-century delivery system. Health Aff (Millwood). 2011; 30: 2142-2148.
7. Lucey CR. Medical education: Part of the problem and part of the solution. JAMA Intern Med. 2013; 173: 1639-1643.
8. Gonzalo JD, Haidet P, Papp KK, et al. Educating for the 21st-century health care system: An interdependent framework of basic, clinical, and systems sciences [published online ahead of print October 16, 2015]. Acad Med. doi: 10. 1097/ACM. 0000000000000951.
9. Gonzalo J, Dekhtyar M, Starr SR, et al. Identifying and defining content domains for a science of healthcare delivery curriculum: Results from the America Medical Association Accelerating Change in Medical Education Systems-Based Practice Working Group. Paper presented at: Society of General Internal Medicine National Conference; April 23, 2015; Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
10. Gonzalo J, Dekhtyar M, Starr SR, et al. Health systems science curricula in undergraduate medical education: Identifying and defining a potential curricular framework [published online ahead of print April 5, 2016]. Acad Med. doi: 10. 1097/ACM. 0000000000001177.
11. Shea S, Nickerson KG, Tenenbaum J, et al. Compensation to a department of medicine and its faculty members for the teaching of medical students and house staff. N Engl J Med. 1996; 334: 162-167.
12. Jones RF, Korn D. On the cost of educating a medical student. Acad Med. 1997; 72: 200-210.
13. Thibault GE. Reforming health professions education will require culture change and closer ties between classroom and practice. Health Aff (Millwood). 2013; 32: 1928-1932.
14. Lin SY, Schillinger E, Irby DM. Value-added medical education: Engaging future doctors to transform health care delivery today. J Gen Intern Med. 2015; 30: 150-151.
15. American Medical Association. Accelerating change in medical education. http: //www. ama-assn. org/sub/accelerating-change/index. shtml. Accessed June 23, 2016.
16. Kotter JP. Leading Change. Boston, MA: Harvard Business Review Press; 2012.
17. Kern DE, Thomas PA, Hughes MT. Curriculum Development for Medical Education: A Six-Step Approach. 2nd ed. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press; 2009.
18. Hersh WR, Gorman PN, Biagioli FE, Mohan V, Gold JA, Mejicano GC. Beyond information retrieval and electronic health record use: Competencies in clinical informatics for medical education. Adv Med Educ Pract. 2014; 5: 205-212.
19. Trevena LJ, Sainsbury P, Henderson-Smart C, Clarke R, Rubin G, Cumming R. Population health integration within a medical curriculum: An eight-part toolkit. Am J Prev Med. 2005; 29: 234-239.
20. Patel MS, Lypson ML, Davis MM. Medical student perceptions of education in health care systems. Acad Med. 2009; 84: 1301-1306.
21. Gonzalo JD, Haidet P, Wolpaw DR. Authentic clinical experiences and depth in systems: Toward a 21st century curriculum. Med Educ. 2014; 48: 104-105.
22. Billett S. Learning through work: Workplace affordances and individual engagement. J Workplace Learning. 2001; 13: 209-214.
23. Chen HC, Sheu L, O'Sullivan P, Ten Cate O, Teherani A. Legitimate workplace roles and activities for early learners. Med Educ. 2014; 48: 136-145.
24. Dornan T, Boshuizen H, King N, Scherpbier A. Experience-based learning: A model linking the processes and outcomes of medical students' workplace learning. Med Educ. 2007; 41: 84-91.
25. Dornan T, Littlewood S, Margolis SA, Scherpbier A, Spencer J, Ypinazar V. How can experience in clinical and community settings contribute to early medical education A BEME systematic review. Med Teach. 2006; 28: 3-18.
26. Hunt JB, Bonham C, Jones L. Understanding the goals of service learning and communitybased medical education: A systematic review. Acad Med. 2011; 86: 246-251.
27. Clayton PH, Bringle RG, Hatcher JA. Research on Service Learning: Conceptual Frameworks and Assessment: Communities, Institutions, and Partnerships. Sterling, VA: Stylus Publishing; 2013.
28. Simpson SA, Long JA. Medical student-run health clinics: Important contributors to patient care and medical education. J Gen Intern Med. 2007; 22: 352-356.
29. Meah YS, Smith EL, Thomas DC. Studentrun health clinic: Novel arena to educate medical students on systems-based practice. Mt Sinai J Med. 2009; 76: 344-356.
30. Kwiatkowski T, Rennie W, Fornari A, Akbar S. Medical students as EMTs: Skill building, confidence and professional formation. Med Educ Online. 2014; 19: 24829.
31. Henschen BL, Bierman JA, Wayne DB, et al. Four-year educational and patient care outcomes of a team-based primary care longitudinal clerkship. Acad Med. 2015; 90(11 suppl): S43-S49.
32. Curry RH. Meaningful roles for medical students in the provision of longitudinal patient care. JAMA. 2014; 312: 2335-2336.
33. Gonzalo J, Thompson B. Value-Added Student Roles That Align Education and Health System Needs. Huntington, WV: International Association of Medical Science Educators Webinar; 2015.
34. Lucian Leape Institute. Unmet Needs: Teaching Physicians to Provide Safe Patient Care. Boston, MA: National Patient Safety Foundation; 2012. http: //www. npsf. org/ default. asppage=unmetneeds. Accessed June 23, 2016.
35. Walsh K. Oxford Textbook of Medical Education. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press; 2013.
36. Hirsh DA, Ogur B, Thibault GE, Cox M. "Continuity" as an organizing principle for clinical education reform. N Engl J Med. 2007; 356: 858-866.