Bactericidal, quorum quenching and anti-biofilm nanofactories: a new niche for nanotechnologists

Critical Reviews in Biotechnology

Volumn 37, Issue 4, 2017, Pages 525-540

  Singh, Brahma N ^a   Prateeksha, ^a   Upreti, Dalip K ^a   Singh, Braj Raj ^b,c   Defoirdt, Tom ^c,d   Gupta, Vijai K ^e   De Souza, Ana Olivia ^f   Singh, Harikesh Bahadur ^g   Barreira, João C M ^h   Ferreira, Isabel C F R ^h   Vahabi, Khabat ⁱ  

^a CSIR NATIONAL BOTANICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (India)

^b TERI Deakin Nanobiotechnology Centre   (India)

^c ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY   (India)

^d GHENT UNIVERSITY   (Belgium)

^e NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF IRELAND   (Ireland)

^f INSTITUTO BUTANTAN   (Brazil)

^g BANARAS HINDU UNIVERSITY   (India)

^h INSTITUTO POLITÉCNICO DE BRAGANÇA   (Portugal)

ⁱ FRIEDRICH SCHILLER UNIVERSITY JENA   (Germany)

Author keywords

anti biofilm; Antibacterial; nanomaterials; nanotoxicology; quorum quenching

Indexed keywords

ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS; CHEMOTHERAPY; DISEASE CONTROL; HEALTH RISKS; MICROORGANISMS; NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS; QUENCHING;

ANTI-BIOFILM; ANTIBACTERIAL; ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE; ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY; BACTERIAL INFECTIONS; MULTIDRUG RESISTANTS; NANOTOXICOLOGY; QUORUM QUENCHING;

BIOFILMS;

ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT; NANOCARRIER; NANOMATERIAL;

BACTERICIDAL ACTIVITY; BIOFILM; ECOLOGICAL NICHE; GREEN CHEMISTRY; INFECTION; NANOTOXICOLOGY; NONHUMAN; PLANT; PRIORITY JOURNAL; QUORUM SENSING; REVIEW; SYNTHESIS; BACTERIAL INFECTIONS; BACTERIUM; CHEMISTRY; DRUG EFFECTS; GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND AGING; HUMAN; MICROBIOLOGY; NANOTECHNOLOGY; PATHOGENICITY; PROCEDURES; TRENDS;

ANTI-BACTERIAL AGENTS; BACTERIA; BACTERIAL INFECTIONS; BIOFILMS; HUMANS; NANOTECHNOLOGY; QUORUM SENSING;

EID: 84981249369     PISSN: 07388551     EISSN: 15497801     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2016.1199010     Document Type: Review

References (194)

1. Walsh C., Molecular mechanisms that confer antibacterial drug resistance. Nature. 2000;406:775–781.
2. Zhu X, Radovic-Moreno AF, Wu J, et al. Nanomedicine in the management of microbial infection–overview and perspectives. Nano Today. 2014;9:478–498.
3. Fernandes R, Roy V, Wu HC, et al. Engineered biological nanofactories trigger quorum sensing response in targeted bacteria. Nat Nanotechnol. 2010;5:213–217.
4. Huh AJ, Kwon YJ., “In the antibiotics resistant era”:a new paradigm for treating infectious diseases using nanomaterials in the antibiotics resistant. J Control Release. 2011;156:128–145.
5. Singh BN, G Pandey, Pandey G, et al. Development and characterization of a novel Swarna-based herbo-metallic colloidal nano-formulation? Inhibitor of Streptococcus mutans quorum sensing. RSC Adv. 2014;5:5809–5822
6. Silvestre C, Duraccio D, Cimmino S., Food packaging based on polymer nanomaterials. Prog Polym Sci. 2011;36:1766–1782.
7. Fuqua WC, Winans SC, Greenberg EP. Quorum Sensing in bacteria:the LuxR-LuxI family of cell density-responsive transcriptional regulators. J Bacteriol. 1994;176:269–275.
8. Miller MB, Bassler BL., Quorum sensing in bacteria. Annu Rev Microbiol. 2001;55:165–199.
9. O'Loughlin CT, Miller LC, Siryaporn A, et al. A quorum-sensing inhibitor blocks Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence and biofilm formation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2013;110:17981–17986.
10. Rasmussen TB, Bjarnsholt T, Skindersoe ME, et al. Screening for quorum-sensing inhibitors (QSI) by use of a novel genetic system, the QSI selector. J Bacteriol. 2005;187:1799–1814.
11. Taga ME, Bassler BL., Chemical communication among bacteria. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2003;100:14549–14554.
12. Whiteley M, Bangera MG, Bumgarner RE, et al. Gene expression in Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. Nature. 2001;413:860–864.
13. Diggle SP, Griffin AS, Campbell GS, et al. Cooperation and conflict in quorum-sensing bacterial populations. Nature. 2007;450:411–414.
14. Ji G, Beavis RC, Novick RP., Cell density control of staphylococcal virulence mediated by an octapeptide pheromone. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1995;92:12055–12059.
15. Chen X, Schauder S, Potier N, et al. Structural identification of a bacterial quorum-sensing signal containing boron. Nature. 2002;415:545–549.
16. Defoirdt T, Brackman G, Coenye T., Quorum sensing inhibitors:how strong is the evidence? Trends Microbiol. 2013;21:619–624.
17. Dong YH, Wang LH, Xu JL, et al. Quenching quorum-sensing-dependent bacterial infection by an N-acyl homoserine lactonase. Nature. 2001;411:813–817.
18. Schaefer AL, Greenberg EP, Oliver CM, et al. A new class of homoserine lactone quorum-sensing signals. Nature. 2008;454:595–599.
19. Muh U, Hare BJ, Duerkop BA, et al. A structurally unrelated mimic of a Pseudomonas aeruginosa acyl-homoserine lactone quorum-sensing signal. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2006;103:16948–16952.
20. Gibbs KA, Urbanowski ML, Greenberg EP., Genetic determinants of self identity and social recognition in bacteria. Science. 2008;321:256–259.
21. Thoendel M, Kavanaugh JS, Flack CE, et al. Peptide signaling in the staphylococci. Chem Rev. 2011;111:117–151.
22. Sappington KJ, Dandekar AA, Oinuma K, et al. Reversible signal binding by the Pseudomonas aeruginosa quorum-sensing signal receptor LasR. MBio. 2011;2:e00011–e00011.
23. Kalia VC, Wood TK, Kumar P., Evolution of resistance to quorum-sensing inhibitors. Microb Ecol. 2013;68:13–23.
24. Gorske BC, Blackwell HE., Interception of quorum sensing in Staphylococcus aureus:a new niche for peptidomimetics. Org Biomol Chem. 2006;4:1441–1445.
25. Sully EK, Malachowa N, Elmore BO, et al. Selective chemical inhibition of agr quorum sensing in Staphylococcus aureus promotes host defense with minimal impact on resistance. PLoS Pathog. 2014;10:e1004174.
26. Hentzer M, Givskov M., Pharmacological inhibition of quorum sensing for the treatment of chronic bacterial infections. J Clin Invest. 2003;112:1300–1307.
27. Nafee N, Husari A, Maurer CK, et al. Antibiotic-free nanotherapeutics:ultra-small, mucus-penetrating solid lipid nanoparticles enhance the pulmonary delivery and anti-virulence efficacy of novel quorum sensing inhibitors. J Control Release. 2014;192:131–140.
28. Chifiriuc C, Grumezescu V, Grumezescu AM, et al. Hybrid magnetite nanoparticles/Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil nanobiosystem with antibiofilm activity. Nanoscale Res Lett. 2012;7:209.
29. Solorzano-Santos F, Miranda-Novales MG., Essential oils from aromatic herbs as antimicrobial agents. Curr Opin Biotechnol. 2012;23:136–141.
30. Sugumar S, Ghosh V, Nirmala MJ, et al. Ultrasonic emulsification of eucalyptus oil nanoemulsion:antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and wound healing activity in Wistar rats. Ultrason Sonochem. 2014;21:1044–1049.
31. Donsi F, Annunziata M, Vincensi M, et al. Design of nanoemulsion-based delivery systems of natural antimicrobials:effect of the emulsifier. J Biotechnol. 2012;159:342–350.
32. Shah B, Davidson PM, Zhong Q., Nanocapsular dispersion of thymol for enhanced dispersibility and increased antimicrobial effectiveness against Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes in model food systems. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2012;78:8448–8453.
33. Flores FC, de Lima JA, Ribeiro RF, et al. Antifungal activity of nanocapsule suspensions containing tea tree oil on the growth of Trichophyton rubrum. Mycopathologia. 2013;175:281–286.
34. Lboutounne H, Chaulet JF, Ploton C, et al. Sustained ex vivo skin antiseptic activity of chlorhexidine in poly(epsilon-caprolactone) nanocapsule encapsulated form and as a digluconate. J Control Release. 2002;82:319–334.
35. Hamori CJ, Lasic DD, Vreman HJ, et al. Targeting zinc protoporphyrin liposomes to the spleen using reticuloendothelial blockade with blank liposomes. Pediatr Res. 1993;34:1–5.
36. Gortzi O, Lala S, Chinou I, et al. Evaluation of the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Origanum dictamnus extracts before and after encapsulation in liposomes. Molecules. 2007;12:932–945.
37. Cristani M, D'Arrigo M, Mandalari G, et al. Interaction of four monoterpenes contained in essential oils with model membranes:implications for their antibacterial activity. J Agric Food Chem. 2007;55:6300–6308.
38. Lai F, Sinico C, De Logu A, et al. SLN as a topical delivery system for Artemisia arborescens essential oil:in vitro antiviral activity and skin permeation study. Int J Nanomed. 2007;2:419–425.
39. Valenti D, De Logu A, Loy G, et al. Liposome-incorporated santolina insularis essential oil:preparation, characterization and in vitro antiviral activity. J Liposome Res. 2001;11:73–90.
40. Li Y, Zheng J, Xiao H, et al. Nanoemulsion-based delivery systems for poorly water-soluble bioactive compounds:influence of formulation parameters on Polymethoxyflavone crystallization. Food Hydrocoll. 2012;27:517–528.
41. Joe MM, Bradeeba K, Parthasarathi R, et al. Development of surfactin based nanoemulsion formulation from selected cooking oils:evaluation for antimicrobial activity against selected food associated microorganisms. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng. 2012;43:172–180.
42. Hajipour MJ, Fromm KM, Ashkarran AA, et al. Antibacterial properties of nanoparticles. Trends Biotechnol. 2012;30:499–511.
43. Li WR, Xie XB, Shi QS, et al. Antibacterial activity and mechanism of silver nanoparticles on Escherichia coli. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2010;85:1115–1122.
44. Shoeb M, Braj RS, Javed AK, et al. ROS-dependent anticandidal activity of zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized by using egg albumen as a biotemplate. Adv Nat Sci:Nanosci Nanotechnol. 2013;4:035015.
45. Ma H, Williams PL, Diamond SA. Ecotoxicity of manufactured ZnO nanoparticles-a review. Environ Pollut. 2013;172:76–85.
46. Klasen HJ., Historical review of the use of silver in the treatment of burns. I. Early uses. Burns. 2000;26:117–130.
47. Khan JA, Qasim M, Singh BR, et al. Polyaniline/CoFe2O4 nanocomposite inhibits the growth of Candida albicans 077 by ROS production. C R Chim. 2014;17:91–102.
48. Gopinath PM, Narchonai G, Dhanasekaran D, et al. Mycosynthesis, characterization and antibacterial properties of AgNPs against multidrug resistant (MDR) bacterial pathogens of female infertility cases. Asian J Pharm Sci. 2015;10:138–145.
49. Musarrat J, Dwivedi S, Singh BR, et al. Production of antimicrobial silver nanoparticles in water extracts of the fungus Amylomyces rouxii strain KSU-09. Bioresour Technol. 2010;101:8772–8776.
50. Zhang L, Gu FX, Chan JM, et al. Nanoparticles in medicine:therapeutic applications and developments. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2008;83:761–769.
51. Zhang L, Pornpattananangkul D, Hu CMJ, et al. Development of nanoparticles for antimicrobial drug delivery. Curr Med Chem. 2010;17:585–594.
52. Urban P, Valle-Delgado JJ, Moles E, et al. Nanotools for the delivery of antimicrobial peptides. Curr Drug Targets. 2012;13:1158–1172.
53. Brogden KA., Antimicrobial peptides:pore formers or metabolic inhibitors in bacteria? Nat Rev Microbiol. 2005;3:238–250.
54. Peters BM, Shirtliff ME, Jabra-Rizk MA., Antimicrobial peptides:primeval molecules or future drugs? PLoS Pathog. 2010;6:e1001067.
55. Meyer V, Stahl U., New insights in the regulation of the afp gene encoding the antifungal protein of Aspergillus giganteus. Curr Genet. 2002;42:36–42.
56. Steckbeck JD, Deslouches B, Montelaro RC., Antimicrobial peptides:new drugs for bad bugs? Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2014;14:11–14.
57. Thomma BP, Cammue BP, Thevissen K., Plant defensins. Planta 2002;216:193–202.
58. Nasrollahi SA, Taghibiglou C, Azizi E, et al. Cell-penetrating peptides as a novel transdermal drug delivery system. Chem Biol Drug Des. 2012;80:639–646.
59. Maher S, McClean S., Investigation of the cytotoxicity of eukaryotic and prokaryotic antimicrobial peptides in intestinal epithelial cells in vitro. Biochem Pharmacol. 2006;71:1289–1298.
60. Piras AM, Maisetta G, Sandreschi S, et al. Chitosan nanoparticles loaded with the antimicrobial peptide temporin B exert a long-term antibacterial activity in vitro against clinical isolates of Staphylococcus epidermidis. Front Microbiol. 2015;6:372.
61. Imran M, Revol-Junelles A-M, René N, et al. Microstructure and physico-chemical evaluation of nano-emulsion-based antimicrobial peptides embedded in bioactive packaging films. Food Hydrocoll. 2012;29:407–419.
62. Beyth N, Houri-Haddad Y, Domb A, et al. Alternative antimicrobial approach:nano-antimicrobial materials. Evid Based Compl Alternat Med. 2015;2015:246012.
63. Sobczak M, Debek C, Oledzka E, et al. Polymeric systems of antimicrobial peptides-strategies and potential applications. Molecules. 2013;18:14122–14137.
64. McClanahan JR, Peyyala R, Mahajan R, et al. Bioactivity of WLBU2 peptide antibiotic in combination with bioerodible polymer. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2011;38:530–533.
65. Brogden NK, Brogden KA., Will new generations of modified antimicrobial peptides improve their potential as pharmaceuticals? Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2011;38:217–225.
66. Batoni G, Maisetta G, Lisa Brancatisano F, et al. Use of antimicrobial peptides against microbial biofilms:advantages and limits. Curr Med Chem. 2011;18:256–279.
67. Geske GD, O'Neill JC, Blackwell HE., Expanding dialogues:from natural autoinducers to non-natural analogues that modulate quorum sensing in Gram-negative bacteria. Chem Soc Rev. 2008;37:1432–1447.
68. Galloway WR, Hodgkinson JT, Bowden SD, et al. Quorum sensing in Gram-negative bacteria:small-molecule modulation of AHL and AI-2 quorum sensing pathways. Chem Rev. 2011;111:28–67.
69. Galloway WR, Hodgkinson JT, Bowden S, et al. Applications of small molecule activators and inhibitors of quorum sensing in Gram-negative bacteria. Trends Microbiol. 2012;20:449–458.
70. Rasmussen TB, Givskov M., Quorum sensing inhibitors:a bargain of effects. Microbiology (Reading, Engl.) 2006;152:895–904.
71. Parsek MR, Val DL, Hanzelka BL, et al. Acyl homoserine–lactone quorum-sensing signal generation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1999;96:4360–4365.
72. Schaefer AL, Val DL, Hanzelka BL, et al. Generation of cell-to-cell signals in quorum sensing:acyl homoserine lactone synthase activity of a purified Vibrio fischeri LuxI protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1996;93:9505–9509.
73. Ni N, Li M, Wang J, et al. Inhibitors and antagonists of bacterial quorum sensing. Med Res Rev. 2009;29:65–124.
74. Teplitski M, Mathesius U, Rumbaugh KP., Perception and degradation of N-acyl homoserine lactone quorum sensing signals by mammalian and plant cells. Chem Rev. 2011;111:100–116.
75. Martins MBF, Simões SID, Cruz MEM, et al. Development of enzyme-loaded nanoparticles:effect of pH. J Mater Sci:Mater Med. 1996;7:413–414.
76. Baran ET, Özer N, Hasirci V., In vivo half life of nanoencapsulated L-asparaginase. J Mater Sci Mater Med. 2002;13:1113–1121.
77. Peterson MM, Mack JL, Hall PR, et al. Apolipoprotein B is an innate barrier against invasive Staphylococcus aureus infection. Cell Host Microbe. 2008;4:555–566.
78. Otto M, Sussmuth R, Vuong C, et al. Inhibition of virulence factor expression in Staphylococcus aureus by the Staphylococcus epidermidis agr pheromone and derivatives. FEBS Lett. 1999;450:257–262.
79. Kiran MD, Adikesavan NV, Cirioni O, et al. Discovery of a quorum-sensing inhibitor of drug-resistant staphylococcal infections by structure-based virtual screening. Mol Pharmacol. 2008;73:1578–1586.
80. Naik K, Kowshik M., Anti-quorum sensing activity of AgCl-TiO2 nanoparticles with potential use as active food packaging material. J Appl Microbiol. 2014;117:972–983.
81. Lee JH, Kim YG, Cho MH, et al. ZnO nanoparticles inhibit Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm formation and virulence factor production. Microbiol Res. 2014; 169:888–896.
82. Kim JH, Choi DC, Yeon KM, et al. Enzyme-immobilized nanofiltration membrane to mitigate biofouling based on quorum quenching. Environ Sci Technol. 2011;45:1601–1607.
83. Singh PK, Schaefer AL, Parsek MR, et al. Quorum-sensing signals indicate that cystic fibrosis lungs are infected with bacterial biofilms. Nature. 2000;407:762–764.
84. Kalia VC., Quorum sensing inhibitors:an overview. Biotechnol Adv. 2013;31:224–245.
85. Drenkard E, Ausubel FM., Pseudomonas biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance are linked to phenotypic variation. Nature 2002;416:740–743.
86. Hoffman LR, D'Argenio DA, Mac Coss MJ, et al. Aminoglycoside antibiotics induce bacterial biofilm formation. Nature. 2005;436:1171–1175.
87. Pelgrift RY, Friedman AJ., Nanotechnology as a therapeutic tool to combat microbial resistance. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2013;65:1803–1815.
88. Frojd V, Linderback P, Wennerberg A, et al. Effect of nanoporous TiO2 coating and anodized Ca2+ modification of titanium surfaces on early microbial biofilm formation. BMC Oral Health. 2011;11:8.
89. Thukkaram M, Sitaram S, Kannaiyan SK, et al. Antibacterial efficacy of iron-oxide nanoparticles against biofilms on different biomaterial surfaces. Int J Biomater. 2014;2014:716080.
90. Seil JT, Webster TJ., Reduced Staphylococcus aureus proliferation and biofilm formation on zinc oxide nanoparticle PVC composite surfaces. Acta Biomater. 2011;7:2579–2584.
91. Gholap H, Patil R, Yadav P, et al. CdTe-TiO2 nanocomposite:an impeder of bacterial growth and biofilm. Nanotechnology. 2013;24:195101.
92. Diggikar RS, Patil RH, Kale SB, et al. Silver-decorated orthorhombic nanotubes of lithium vanadium oxide:an impeder of bacterial growth and biofilm. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2013;97:8283–8290.
93. Gambino M, Marzano V, Villa F, et al. Effects of sublethal doses of silver nanoparticles on Bacillus subtilis planktonic and sessile cells. J Appl Microbiol. 2015;118:1103–1115.
94. Guentzel MN, Field LH, Eubanks ER, et al. Use of fluorescent antibody in studies of immunity to cholera in infant mice. Infect Immun. 1977;15:539–548.
95. Lu HD, Spiegel AC, Hurley A, et al. Modulating Vibrio cholerae quorum-sensing-controlled communication using autoinducer-loaded nanoparticles. Nano Lett. 2015;15:2235–2241.
96. Miller KP, Wang L, Chen YP, et al. Engineering nanoparticles to silence bacterial communication. Front Microbiol. 2015;6:189.
97. Chaudhari AA, Jasper SL, Dosunmu E, et al. Novel pegylated silver coated carbon nanotubes kill Salmonella but they are non-toxic to eukaryotic cells. J Nanobiotechnol. 2015;13:23.
98. de Faria AF, Martinez DS, Meira SM, et al. Anti-adhesion and antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles supported on graphene oxide sheets. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces. 2014;113:115–124.
99. Besinis A, De Peralta T, Handy RD., Inhibition of biofilm formation and antibacterial properties of a silver nano-coating on human dentine. Nanotoxicology. 2014;8:745–754.
100. Da Silva L, Finer Y, Friedman S, et al. Biofilm formation within the interface of bovine root dentin treated with conjugated chitosan and sealer containing chitosan nanoparticles. J Endod. 2013;39:249–253.
101. Sathyanarayanan MB, Balachandranath R, Genji Srinivasulu Y, et al. The effect of gold and iron-oxide nanoparticles on biofilm-forming pathogens. ISRN Microbiol. 2013;2013:272086.
102. Das SK, Khan MM, Parandhaman T, et al. Nano-silica fabricated with silver nanoparticles:antifouling adsorbent for efficient dye removal, effective water disinfection and biofouling control. Nanoscale 2013;5:5549–5560.
103. Messiaen AS, Forier K, Nelis H, et al. Transport of nanoparticles and tobramycin-loaded liposomes in Burkholderia cepacia complex biofilms. PLoS One. 2013;8:e79220.
104. Shrestha A, Kishen A., Antibiofilm efficacy of photosensitizer-functionalized bioactive nanoparticles on multispecies biofilm. J Endod. 2014;40:1604–1610.
105. Fabrega J, Renshaw JC, Lead JR., Interactions of silver nanoparticles with Pseudomonas putida biofilms. Environ Sci Technol. 2009;43:9004–9009.
106. Islam MS, Larimer C, Ojha A, et al. Antimycobacterial efficacy of silver nanoparticles as deposited on porous membrane filters. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl. 2013;33:4575–4581.
107. Martinez-Gutierrez F, Boegli L, Agostinho A, et al. Anti-biofilm activity of silver nanoparticles against different microorganisms. Biofouling. 2013;29:651–660.
108. Radzig MA, Nadtochenko VA, Koksharova OA, et al. Antibacterial effects of silver nanoparticles on gram-negative bacteria:influence on the growth and biofilms formation, mechanisms of action. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces. 2013;102:300–306.
109. Kora AJ, Sashidhar RB., Antibacterial activity of biogenic silver nanoparticles synthesized with gum ghatti and gum olibanum:a comparative study. J Antibiot (Tokyo). 2014;68:88–97.
110. Kalishwaralal K, Barath Mani Kanth S, Pandian SR, et al. Silver nanoparticles impede the biofilm formation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces. 2010;79:340–344.
111. Vinoj G, Pati R, Sonawane A, et al. In vitro cytotoxic effects of gold nanoparticles coated with functional acyl homoserine lactone lactonase protein from Bacillus licheniformis and their antibiofilm activity against Proteus species. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2015;59:763–771.
112. Masurkar SA, Chaudhari PR, Shidore VB, et al. Effect of biologically synthesised silver nanoparticles on Staphylococcus aureus biofilm quenching and prevention of biofilm formation. IET Nanobiotechnol. 2012;6:110–114.
113. Arunkumar M, Suhashini K, Mahesh N, et al. Quorum quenching and antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles synthesized from Sargassum polyphyllum. Bangladesh J Pharmacol. 2014; 2014;9:6.
114. Kohler T, Curty LK, Barja F, et al. Swarming of Pseudomonas aeruginosa is dependent on cell-to-cell signaling and requires flagella and pili. J Bacteriol. 2000;182:5990–5996.
115. Iannitelli A, Grande R, Di Stefano A, et al. Potential antibacterial activity of carvacrol-loaded poly(dl-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles against microbial biofilm. Int J Mol Sci. 2011;12:5039–5051.
116. Joris F, Manshian BB, Peynshaert K, et al. Assessing nanoparticle toxicity in cell-based assays:influence of cell culture parameters and optimized models for bridging the in vitro–in vivo gap. Chem Soc Rev. 2013;42:8339–8359.
117. Ye XZ, Qi LM., Two-dimensionally patterned nanostructures based on monolayer colloidal crystals:controllable fabrication, assembly, and applications. Nano Today. 2011;6:608–631.
118. Love SA, Maurer-Jones MA, Thompson JW, et al. Assessing nanoparticle toxicity. Annu Rev Anal Chem (Palo Alto CA). 2012;5:181–205.
119. Hagens WI, Oomen AG, de Jong WH, et al. What do we (need to) know about the kinetic properties of nanoparticles in the body? Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2007;49:217–229.
120. Poma A, Di Giorgio ML., Toxicogenomics to improve comprehension of the mechanisms underlying responses of in vitro and in vivo systems to nanomaterials:a review. Curr Genomics. 2008;9:571–585.
121. De Jong WH, Borm PJA. Drug delivery and nanoparticles:applications and hazards. Int J Nanomed. 2008;3:133–149.
122. Lei R, Wu C, Yang B, et al. Integrated metabolomic analysis of the nano-sized copper particle-induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in rats:a rapid in vivo screening method for nanotoxicity. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2008;232:292–301.
123. Chalupa DC, Morrow PE, Oberdorster G, et al. Ultrafine particle deposition in subjects with asthma. Environ Health Persp. 2004;112:879–882.
124. Yoshida S, Hiyoshi K, Oshio S, et al. Effects of fetal exposure to carbon nanoparticles on reproductive function in male offspring. Fertil Steril. 2010;93:1695–1699.
125. Komatsu T, Tabata M, Kubo-Irie M, et al. The effects of nanoparticles on mouse testis Leydig cells in vitro. Toxicol In Vitro. 2008;22:1825–1831.
126. Kroll A, Pillukat MH, Hahn D, et al. Current in vitro methods in nanoparticle risk assessment:limitations and challenges. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2009;72:370–377.
127. Hanzelka BL, Greenberg EP., Quorum sensing in Vibrio fischeri:evidence that S-adenosylmethionine is the amino acid substrate for autoinducer synthesis. J Bacteriol. 1996;178:5291–5294.
128. Dunphy G, Miyamoto C, Meighen E., A homoserine lactone autoinducer regulates virulence of an insect–pathogenic bacterium, Xenorhabdus nematophilus (Enterobacteriaceae). J Bacteriol. 1997;179:5288–5291.
129. Lupp C, Ruby EG., Vibrio fischeri uses two quorum-sensing systems for the regulation of early and late colonization factors. J Bacteriol. 2005;187:3620–3629.
130. Rezzonico F, Smits TH, Duffy B., Detection of AI-2 receptors in genomes of Enterobacteriaceae suggests a role of type-2 quorum sensing in closed ecosystems. Sensors (Basel). 2012;12:6645–6665.
131. Balestrino D, Haagensen JA, Rich C, et al. Characterization of type 2 quorum sensing in Klebsiella pneumoniae and relationship with biofilm formation. J Bacteriol. 2005;187:2870–2880.
132. Jones MB, Blaser MJ., Detection of a luxS-signaling molecule in Bacillus anthracis. Infect Immun. 2003;71:3914–3919.
133. Auger S, Krin E, Aymerich S, et al. Autoinducer 2 affects biofilm formation by Bacillus cereus. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2006;72:937–941.
134. Krin E, Chakroun N, Turlin E, et al. Pleiotropic role of quorum-sensing autoinducer 2 in Photorhabdus luminescens. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2006;72:6439–6451.
135. Chan YY, Bian HS, Tan TM, et al. Control of quorum sensing by a Burkholderia pseudomallei multidrug efflux pump. J Bacteriol. 2007;189:4320–4324.
136. Wang XD, de Boer PA, Rothfield LI., A factor that positively regulates cell division by activating transcription of the major cluster of essential cell division genes of Escherichia coli. The EMBO J. 1991;10:3363–3372.
137. Hughes LA, Bennett M, Coffey P, et al. Risk factors for the occurrence of Escherichia coli virulence genes eae, stx1 and stx2 in wild bird populations. Epidemiol Infect. 2009;137:1574–1582.
138. Waters CM, Bassler BL., Quorum sensing:cell-to-cell communication in bacteria. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol. 2005;21:319–346.
139. Swift S, Karlyshev AV, Fish L, et al. Quorum sensing in Aeromonas hydrophila and Aeromonas salmonicida:identification of the LuxRI homologs AhyRI and AsaRI and their cognate N-acylhomoserine lactone signal molecules. J Bacteriol. 1997;179:5271–5281.
140. Atkinson S, Throup JP, Stewart GS, et al. A hierarchical quorum-sensing system in Yersinia pseudotuberculosis is involved in the regulation of motility and clumping. Mol Microbiol. 1999;33:1267–1277.
141. Wood DW, Pierson LS, 3rd. The phzI gene of Pseudomonas aureofaciens 30-84 is responsible for the production of a diffusible signal required for phenazine antibiotic production. Gene 1996;168:49–53.
142. Gonzalez JE, Marketon MM., Quorum sensing in nitrogen-fixing rhizobia. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 2003;67:574–592.
143. McClean KH, Winson MK, Fish L, et al. Quorum sensing and Chromobacterium violaceum:exploitation of violacein production and inhibition for the detection of N-acylhomoserine lactones. Microbiology. 1997;143:3703–3711.
144. O'Grady EP, Viteri DF, Sokol PA., A unique regulator contributes to quorum sensing and virulence in Burkholderia cenocepacia. PLoS One. 2012;7:e37611.
145. Aguilar C, Friscina A, Devescovi G, et al. Identification of quorum-sensing-regulated genes of Burkholderia cepacia. J Bacteriol. 2003;185:6456–6462.
146. Yin WF, Purmal K, Chin S, et al. N-Acyl homoserine lactone production by Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from human tongue surface. Sensors (Basel). 2012;12:3472–3483.
147. Chen CN, Chen CJ, Liao CT, et al. A probable aculeacin A acylase from the Ralstonia solanacearum GMI1000 is N-acyl-homoserine lactone acylase with quorum-quenching activity. BMC Microbiol. 2009;9:89.
148. Atkinson S, Chang CY, Patrick HL, et al. Functional interplay between the Yersinia pseudotuberculosis YpsRI and YtbRI quorum sensing systems modulates swimming motility by controlling expression of flhDC and fliA. Mol Microbiol. 2008;69:137–151.
149. Swift S, Winson MK, Chan PF, et al. A novel strategy for the isolation of luxI homologues:evidence for the widespread distribution of a LuxR:LuxI superfamily in enteric bacteria. Mol Microbiol. 1993;10:511–520.
150. Beck von Bodman S, Farrand SK., Capsular polysaccharide biosynthesis and pathogenicity in Erwinia stewartii require induction by an N-acylhomoserine lactone autoinducer. J Bacteriol. 1995;177:5000–5008.
151. Lintz MJ, Oinuma K, Wysoczynski CL, et al. Crystal structure of QscR, a Pseudomonas aeruginosa quorum sensing signal receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2011;108:15763–15768.
152. Steidle A, Allesen-Holm M, Riedel K, et al. Identification and characterization of an N-acylhomoserine lactone-dependent quorum-sensing system in Pseudomonas putida strain IsoF. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2002;68:6371–6382.
153. Niu C, Clemmer KM, Bonomo RA, et al. Isolation and characterization of an autoinducer synthase from Acinetobacter baumannii. J Bacteriol. 2008;190:3386–3392.
154. Kim K, Kim YU, Koh BH, et al. HHQ and PQS, two Pseudomonas aeruginosa quorum-sensing molecules, down-regulate the innate immune responses through the nuclear factor-kappaB pathway. Immunology. 2010;129:578–588.
155. Oliver CM, Schaefer AL, Greenberg EP, et al. Microwave synthesis and evaluation of phenacylhomoserine lactones as anticancer compounds that minimally activate quorum sensing pathways in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Med Chem. 2009;52:1569–1575.
156. Puskas A, Greenberg EP, Kaplan S, et al. A quorum-sensing system in the free-living photosynthetic bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides. J Bacteriol. 1997;179:7530–7537.
157. Marketon MM, Gonzalez JE., Identification of two quorum-sensing systems in Sinorhizobium meliloti. J Bacteriol. 2002;184:3466–3475.
158. Barber CE, Tang JL, Feng JX, et al. A novel regulatory system required for pathogenicity of Xanthomonas campestris is mediated by a small diffusible signal molecule. Mol Microbiol. 1997;24:555–566.
159. Lindemann A, Pessi G, Schaefer AL, et al. Isovaleryl-homoserine lactone, an unusual branched-chain quorum-sensing signal from the soybean symbiont Bradyrhizobium japonicum. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2011;108:16765–16770.
160. George Cisar EA, Geisinger E, Muir TW, et al. Symmetric signalling within asymmetric dimers of the Staphylococcus aureus receptor histidine kinase AgrC. Mol Microbiol. 2009;74:44–57.
161. Novick RP, Geisinger E., Quorum sensing in staphylococci. Annu Rev Genet. 2008;42:541–564.
162. Geisinger E, George EA, Chen J, et al. Identification of ligand specificity determinants in AgrC, the Staphylococcus aureus quorum-sensing receptor. J Biol Chem. 2008;283:8930–8938.
163. Tortosa P, Declerck N, Dutartre H, et al. Sites of positive and negative regulation in the Bacillus subtilis antiterminators LicT and SacY. Mol Microbiol. 2001;41:1381–1393.
164. Tortosa P, Logsdon L, Kraigher B, et al. Specificity and genetic polymorphism of the Bacillus competence quorum-sensing system. J Bacteriol. 2001;183:451–460.
165. Nakayama J, Cao Y, Horii T, et al. Gelatinase biosynthesis-activating pheromone:a peptide lactone that mediates a quorum sensing in Enterococcus faecalis. Mol Microbiol. 2001;41:145–154.
166. Peterson S, Cline RT, Tettelin H, et al. Gene expression analysis of the Streptococcus pneumoniae competence regulons by use of DNA microarrays. J Bacteriol. 2000;182:6192–6202.
167. Keseler IM, Kaiser D., An early A-signal-dependent gene in Myxococcus xanthus has a sigma 54-like promoter. J Bacteriol. 1995;177:4638–4644.
168. Zendo T, Koga S, Shigeri Y, et al. Lactococcin Q, a novel two-peptide bacteriocin produced by Lactococcus lactis QU 4. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2006;72:3383–3389.
169. Singh BN, Prateeksha Pandey G, et al. Development and characterization of a novel Swarna-based herbo-metallic colloidal nano-formulation–inhibitor of Streptococcus mutans quorum sensing. RSC Adv. 2015;5:5809–5822.
170. Palanisamy NK, Ferina N, Amirulhusni AN, et al. Antibiofilm properties of chemically synthesized silver nanoparticles found against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Nanobiotechnol. 2014;12:2.
171. Hetrick EM, Shin JH, Paul HS, et al. Anti-biofilm efficacy of nitric oxide-releasing silica nanoparticles. Biomaterials. 2009;30:2782–2789.
172. Detoni CB, Cabral-Albuquerque EC, Hohlemweger SV, et al. Essential oil from Zanthoxylum tingoassuiba loaded into multilamellar liposomes useful as antimicrobial agents. J Microencapsul. 2009;26:684–691.
173. Izquierdo P, Wiechers JW, Escribano E, et al. A study on the influence of emulsion droplet size on the skin penetration of tetracaine. Skin Pharmacol Physiol. 2007;20:263–270.
174. Lai F, Wissing SA, Muller RH, et al. Artemisia arborescens L essential oil-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles for potential agricultural application:preparation and characterization. AAPS PharmSciTech. 2006;7:E2.
175. Donsì F, Annunziata M, Sessa M, et al. Nanoencapsulation of essential oils to enhance their antimicrobial activity in foods. LWT-Food Sci Technol. 2011;44:1908–1914.
176. Trombetta D, Castelli F, Sarpietro MG, et al. Mechanisms of antibacterial action of three monoterpenes. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2005;49:2474–2478.
177. Liang H, Deng X, Ji Q, et al. The Pseudomonas aeruginosa global regulator VqsR directly inhibits QscR to control quorum-sensing and virulence gene expression. J Bacteriol. 2012;194:3098–3108.
178. Fayaz AM, Balaji K, Girilal M, et al. Biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their synergistic effect with antibiotics:a study against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Nanomedicine. 2010;6:103–109.
179. Nirmala Grace A, Pandian K., Antibacterial efficacy of aminoglycosidic antibiotics protected gold nanoparticles–a brief study. Colloids Surf a:Physicochem Eng Asp. 2007;297:63–70.
180. Chamundeeswari M, Sobhana SS, Jacob JP, et al. Preparation, characterization and evaluation of a biopolymeric gold nanocomposite with antimicrobial activity. Biotechnol Appl Biochem. 2010;55:29–35.
181. Johnston HJ, Hutchison G, Christensen FM, et al. A review of the in vivo and in vitro toxicity of silver and gold particulates:particle attributes and biological mechanisms responsible for the observed toxicity. Crit Rev Toxicol. 2010;40:328–346.
182. Sadiq IM, Chowdhury B, Chandrasekaran N, et al. Antimicrobial sensitivity of Escherichia coli to alumina nanoparticles. Nanomedicine. 2009;5:282–286.
183. Li QL, Mahendra S, Lyon DY, et al. Antimicrobial nanomaterials for water disinfection and microbial control:potential applications and implications. Water Res. 2008;42:4591–4602.
184. Rabea EI, Badawy MET, Stevens CV, et al. Chitosan as antimicrobial agent:applications and mode of action. Biomacromolecules. 2003;4:1457–1465.
185. Vecitis CD, Zodrow KR, Kang S, et al. Electronic-structure-dependent bacterial cytotoxicity of single-walled carbon nanotubes. ACS Nano. 2010;4:5471–5479.
186. Lyon DY, Fortner JD, Sayes CM, et al. Bacterial cell association and antimicrobial activity of a C-60 water suspension. Environ Toxicol Chem. 2005;24:2757–2762.
187. Wu W, Wu ZH, Yu T, et al. Recent progress on magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles:synthesis, surface functional strategies and biomedical applications. Sci Technol Adv Mat. 2015;16.
188. Lellouche J, Friedman A, Lellouche JP, et al. Improved antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of magnesium fluoride nanoparticles obtained by water-based ultrasound chemistry. Nanomed-Nanotechnol. 2012;8:702–711.
189. Salmaso S, Elvassore N, Bertucco A, et al. Nisin-loaded poly-l-lactide nano-particles produced by CO2 anti-solvent precipitation for sustained antimicrobial activity. Int J Pharm. 2004;287:163–173.
190. Teixeira PC, Leite GM, Domingues RJ, et al. Antimicrobial effects of a microemulsion and a nanoemulsion on enteric and other pathogens and biofilms. Int J Food Microbiol. 2007;118:15–19.
191. Seil JT, Webster TJ., Antimicrobial applications of nanotechnology:methods and literature. Int J Nanomed. 2012;7:2767–2781.
192. Reddy MP, Venugopal A, Subrahmanyam M., Hydroxyapatite-supported Ag-TiO2 as Escherichia coli disinfection photocatalyst. Water Res. 2007;41:379–386.
193. Dastjerdi R, Montazer M., A review on the application of inorganic nano-structured materials in the modification of textiles:focus on anti-microbial properties. Colloid Surface B. 2010;79:5–18.
194. Huang ZB, Zheng X, Yan DH, et al. Toxicological effect of ZnO nanoparticles based on bacteria. Langmuir. 2008;24:4140–4144.