메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 10, Issue 4, 2016, Pages 509-519

Evaluation and management of hepatic encephalopathy: Current status and future directions

Author keywords

Hepatic encephalopathy; Liver cirrhosis; Liver diseases; Minimal hepatic encephalopathy

Indexed keywords

FLUMAZENIL; GLYCEROL PHENYLBUTYRATE; LACTITOL; LACTULOSE; MACROGOL; METRONIDAZOLE; NEOMYCIN; ORNITHINE ASPARTATE; PLACEBO; PROBIOTIC AGENT; RIFAXIMIN; VANCOMYCIN; ZINC; ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT; DISACCHARIDE;

EID: 84978537580     PISSN: 19762283     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5009/gnl15419     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (55)

References (100)
  • 1
    • 84865320804 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In-hospital mortality and economic burden associated with hepatic encephalopathy in the United States from 2005 to 2009
    • e1
    • Stepanova M, Mishra A, Venkatesan C, Younossi ZM. In-hospital mortality and economic burden associated with hepatic encephalopathy in the United States from 2005 to 2009. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2012;10:1034-1041.e1.
    • (2012) Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol , vol.10 , pp. 1034-1041
    • Stepanova, M.1    Mishra, A.2    Venkatesan, C.3    Younossi, Z.M.4
  • 2
    • 84946496090 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ammonia and its role in the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy
    • Parekh PJ, Balart LA. Ammonia and its role in the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy. Clin Liver Dis 2015;19:529-537.
    • (2015) Clin Liver Dis , vol.19 , pp. 529-537
    • Parekh, P.J.1    Balart, L.A.2
  • 3
    • 84878020161 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A current review of the diagnostic and treatment strategies of hepatic encephalopathy
    • Poh Z, Chang PE. A current review of the diagnostic and treatment strategies of hepatic encephalopathy. Int J Hepatol 2012;2012:480309.
    • (2012) Int J Hepatol , vol.2012 , pp. 480309
    • Poh, Z.1    Chang, P.E.2
  • 4
    • 0036256827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyperammonemic encephalopathy
    • Brusilow SW. Hyperammonemic encephalopathy. Medicine (Baltimore) 2002;81:240-249.
    • (2002) Medicine (Baltimore) , vol.81 , pp. 240-249
    • Brusilow, S.W.1
  • 5
    • 0343238857 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatic encephalopathy in chronic liver disease: A clinical manifestation of astrocyte swelling and low-grade cerebral edema?
    • Häussinger D, Kircheis G, Fischer R, Schliess F, vom Dahl S. Hepatic encephalopathy in chronic liver disease: a clinical manifestation of astrocyte swelling and low-grade cerebral edema? J Hepatol 2000;32:1035-1038.
    • (2000) J Hepatol , vol.32 , pp. 1035-1038
    • Häussinger, D.1    Kircheis, G.2    Fischer, R.3    Schliess, F.4    Vom Dahl, S.5
  • 6
    • 84909606770 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multimodality magnetic resonance imaging in hepatic encephalopathy: An update
    • Zhang XD, Zhang LJ, Wu SY, Lu GM. Multimodality magnetic resonance imaging in hepatic encephalopathy: an update. World J Gastroenterol 2014;20:11262-11272.
    • (2014) World J Gastroenterol , vol.20 , pp. 11262-11272
    • Zhang, X.D.1    Zhang, L.J.2    Wu, S.Y.3    Lu, G.M.4
  • 7
    • 85080034819 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathogenetic mechanisms of hepatic encephalopathy
    • Häussinger D, Schliess F. Pathogenetic mechanisms of hepatic encephalopathy. Gut 2008;57:1156-1165.
    • (2008) Gut , vol.57 , pp. 1156-1165
    • Häussinger, D.1    Schliess, F.2
  • 8
    • 34247547012 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypoosmotic swelling and ammonia increase oxidative stress by NADPH oxidase in cultured astrocytes and vital brain slices
    • Reinehr R, Görg B, Becker S, et al. Hypoosmotic swelling and ammonia increase oxidative stress by NADPH oxidase in cultured astrocytes and vital brain slices. Glia 2007;55:758-771.
    • (2007) Glia , vol.55 , pp. 758-771
    • Reinehr, R.1    Görg, B.2    Becker, S.3
  • 9
    • 33750608704 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glutamine: A Trojan horse in ammonia neurotoxicity
    • Albrecht J, Norenberg MD. Glutamine: a Trojan horse in ammonia neurotoxicity. Hepatology 2006;44:788-794.
    • (2006) Hepatology , vol.44 , pp. 788-794
    • Albrecht, J.1    Norenberg, M.D.2
  • 10
    • 77954224523 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidative stress markers in the brain of patients with cirrhosis and hepatic encephalopathy
    • Görg B, Qvartskhava N, Bidmon HJ, et al. Oxidative stress markers in the brain of patients with cirrhosis and hepatic encephalopathy. Hepatology 2010;52:256-265.
    • (2010) Hepatology , vol.52 , pp. 256-265
    • Görg, B.1    Qvartskhava, N.2    Bidmon, H.J.3
  • 11
    • 84861370972 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduced brain levels of DHEAS in hepatic coma patients: Significance for increased GABAergic tone in hepatic encephalopathy
    • Ahboucha S, Talani G, Fanutza T, et al. Reduced brain levels of DHEAS in hepatic coma patients: significance for increased GABAergic tone in hepatic encephalopathy. Neurochem Int 2012;61:48-53.
    • (2012) Neurochem Int , vol.61 , pp. 48-53
    • Ahboucha, S.1    Talani, G.2    Fanutza, T.3
  • 12
    • 84884791457 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GABAergic transmission in hepatic encephalopathy
    • Sergeeva OA. GABAergic transmission in hepatic encephalopathy. Arch Biochem Biophys 2013;536:122-130.
    • (2013) Arch Biochem Biophys , vol.536 , pp. 122-130
    • Sergeeva, O.A.1
  • 13
    • 0036988027 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ammonia, the GABA neurotransmitter system, and hepatic encephalopathy
    • Jones EA. Ammonia, the GABA neurotransmitter system, and hepatic encephalopathy. Metab Brain Dis 2002;17:275-281.
    • (2002) Metab Brain Dis , vol.17 , pp. 275-281
    • Jones, E.A.1
  • 14
    • 0029395944 scopus 로고
    • Successful reversal of hepatic encephalopathy with intentional occlusion of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts
    • Kerlan RK Jr, LaBerge JM, Baker EL, et al. Successful reversal of hepatic encephalopathy with intentional occlusion of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts. J Vasc Interv Radiol 1995;6:917-921.
    • (1995) J Vasc Interv Radiol , vol.6 , pp. 917-921
    • Kerlan, R.K.1    LaBerge, J.M.2    Baker, E.L.3
  • 15
    • 0029818592 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuropsychological characterization and detection of subclinical hepatic encephalopathy
    • McCrea M, Cordoba J, Vessey G, Blei AT, Randolph C. Neuropsychological characterization and detection of subclinical hepatic encephalopathy. Arch Neurol 1996;53:758-763.
    • (1996) Arch Neurol , vol.53 , pp. 758-763
    • McCrea, M.1    Cordoba, J.2    Vessey, G.3    Blei, A.T.4    Randolph, C.5
  • 16
    • 27944445780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurological and neuropsychiatric syndromes associated with liver disease
    • Weissenborn K, Bokemeyer M, Krause J, Ennen J, Ahl B. Neurological and neuropsychiatric syndromes associated with liver disease. AIDS 2005;19 Suppl 3:S93-S98.
    • (2005) AIDS , vol.19 , pp. S93-S98
    • Weissenborn, K.1    Bokemeyer, M.2    Krause, J.3    Ennen, J.4    Ahl, B.5
  • 17
    • 84893644512 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sleep-wake abnormalities in patients with cirrhosis
    • Montagnese S, De Pittà C, De Rui M, et al. Sleep-wake abnormalities in patients with cirrhosis. Hepatology 2014;59:705-712.
    • (2014) Hepatology , vol.59 , pp. 705-712
    • Montagnese, S.1    De Pittà, C.2    De Rui, M.3
  • 18
    • 73149120513 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spectrum of neurocognitive impairment in cirrhosis: Implications for the assessment of hepatic encephalopathy
    • Bajaj JS, Wade JB, Sanyal AJ. Spectrum of neurocognitive impairment in cirrhosis: implications for the assessment of hepatic encephalopathy. Hepatology 2009;50:2014-2021.
    • (2009) Hepatology , vol.50 , pp. 2014-2021
    • Bajaj, J.S.1    Wade, J.B.2    Sanyal, A.J.3
  • 19
    • 77952744973 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Persistence of cognitive impairment after resolution of overt hepatic encephalopathy
    • Bajaj JS, Schubert CM, Heuman DM, et al. Persistence of cognitive impairment after resolution of overt hepatic encephalopathy. Gastroenterology 2010;138:2332-2340.
    • (2010) Gastroenterology , vol.138 , pp. 2332-2340
    • Bajaj, J.S.1    Schubert, C.M.2    Heuman, D.M.3
  • 20
    • 84903906278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Persistence of cognitive impairment after resolution of overt hepatic encephalopathy
    • Umapathy S, Dhiman RK, Grover S, Duseja A, Chawla YK. Persistence of cognitive impairment after resolution of overt hepatic encephalopathy. Am J Gastroenterol 2014;109:1011-1019.
    • (2014) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.109 , pp. 1011-1019
    • Umapathy, S.1    Dhiman, R.K.2    Grover, S.3    Duseja, A.4    Chawla, Y.K.5
  • 21
    • 75749105423 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Review article: The modern management of hepatic encephalopathy
    • Bajaj JS. Review article: the modern management of hepatic encephalopathy. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2010;31:537-547.
    • (2010) Aliment Pharmacol Ther , vol.31 , pp. 537-547
    • Bajaj, J.S.1
  • 22
    • 55249111140 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Computerized psychometric testing in minimal encephalopathy and modulation by nitrogen challenge and liver transplant
    • Mardini H, Saxby BK, Record CO. Computerized psychometric testing in minimal encephalopathy and modulation by nitrogen challenge and liver transplant. Gastroenterology 2008;135:1582-1590.
    • (2008) Gastroenterology , vol.135 , pp. 1582-1590
    • Mardini, H.1    Saxby, B.K.2    Record, C.O.3
  • 23
    • 84941744396 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Validation of encephalapp, smartphone-based stroop test, for the diagnosis of covert hepatic encephalopathy
    • e1
    • Bajaj JS, Heuman DM, Sterling RK, et al. Validation of encephalapp, smartphone-based stroop test, for the diagnosis of covert hepatic encephalopathy. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015;13:1828-1835.e1.
    • (2015) Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol , vol.13 , pp. 1828-1835
    • Bajaj, J.S.1    Heuman, D.M.2    Sterling, R.K.3
  • 24
    • 77149136035 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Critical flicker frequency for diagnosis and assessment of recovery from minimal hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis
    • Sharma P, Sharma BC, Sarin SK. Critical flicker frequency for diagnosis and assessment of recovery from minimal hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2010;9:27-32.
    • (2010) Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int , vol.9 , pp. 27-32
    • Sharma, P.1    Sharma, B.C.2    Sarin, S.K.3
  • 25
    • 5444231954 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methods for diagnosing hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis: A multidimensional approach
    • Montagnese S, Amodio P, Morgan MY. Methods for diagnosing hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis: a multidimensional approach. Metab Brain Dis 2004;19:281-312.
    • (2004) Metab Brain Dis , vol.19 , pp. 281-312
    • Montagnese, S.1    Amodio, P.2    Morgan, M.Y.3
  • 26
    • 79952255608 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Review article. The design of clinical trials in hepatic encephalopathy: An International Society for Hepatic Encephalopathy and Nitrogen Metabolism (ISHEN) consensus statement
    • Bajaj JS, Cordoba J, Mullen KD, et al. Review article. The design of clinical trials in hepatic encephalopathy: an International Society for Hepatic Encephalopathy and Nitrogen Metabolism (ISHEN) consensus statement. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2011;33:739-747.
    • (2011) Aliment Pharmacol Ther , vol.33 , pp. 739-747
    • Bajaj, J.S.1    Cordoba, J.2    Mullen, K.D.3
  • 27
    • 0017744177 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of lactulose and neomycin in the treatment of chronic portal-systemic encephalopathy: A double blind controlled trial
    • Conn HO, Leevy CM, Vlahcevic ZR, et al. Comparison of lactulose and neomycin in the treatment of chronic portal-systemic encephalopathy: a double blind controlled trial. Gastroenterology 1977;72(4 Pt 1):573-583.
    • (1977) Gastroenterology , vol.72 , Issue.4 , pp. 573-583
    • Conn, H.O.1    Leevy, C.M.2    Vlahcevic, Z.R.3
  • 28
    • 84905924120 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serum ammonia level for the evaluation of hepatic encephalopathy
    • Ge PS, Runyon BA. Serum ammonia level for the evaluation of hepatic encephalopathy. JAMA 2014;312:643-644.
    • (2014) JAMA , vol.312 , pp. 643-644
    • Ge, P.S.1    Runyon, B.A.2
  • 29
    • 0033034892 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prognostic significance of hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis
    • Bustamante J, Rimola A, Ventura PJ, et al. Prognostic significance of hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis. J Hepatol 1999;30:890-895.
    • (1999) J Hepatol , vol.30 , pp. 890-895
    • Bustamante, J.1    Rimola, A.2    Ventura, P.J.3
  • 30
    • 0024387404 scopus 로고
    • Prognosis after the first episode of gastrointestinal bleeding or coma in cirrhosis: Survival and prognostic factors
    • Christensen E, Krintel JJ, Hansen SM, Johansen JK, Juhl E. Prognosis after the first episode of gastrointestinal bleeding or coma in cirrhosis: survival and prognostic factors. Scand J Gastroenterol 1989;24:999-1006.
    • (1989) Scand J Gastroenterol , vol.24 , pp. 999-1006
    • Christensen, E.1    Krintel, J.J.2    Hansen, S.M.3    Johansen, J.K.4    Juhl, E.5
  • 32
    • 67949085071 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prognosis and 1-year mortality of intensive care unit patients with severe hepatic encephalopathy
    • Fichet J, Mercier E, Genée O, et al. Prognosis and 1-year mortality of intensive care unit patients with severe hepatic encephalopathy. J Crit Care 2009;24:364-370.
    • (2009) J Crit Care , vol.24 , pp. 364-370
    • Fichet, J.1    Mercier, E.2    Genée, O.3
  • 33
    • 84912071410 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatic encephalopathy is associated with significantly increased mortality among patients awaiting liver transplantation
    • Wong RJ, Gish RG, Ahmed A. Hepatic encephalopathy is associated with significantly increased mortality among patients awaiting liver transplantation. Liver Transpl 2014;20:1454-1461.
    • (2014) Liver Transpl , vol.20 , pp. 1454-1461
    • Wong, R.J.1    Gish, R.G.2    Ahmed, A.3
  • 34
    • 84908893068 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Covert hepatic encephalopathy is independently associated with poor survival and increased risk of hospitalization
    • Patidar KR, Thacker LR, Wade JB, et al. Covert hepatic encephalopathy is independently associated with poor survival and increased risk of hospitalization. Am J Gastroenterol 2014;109:1757-1763.
    • (2014) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.109 , pp. 1757-1763
    • Patidar, K.R.1    Thacker, L.R.2    Wade, J.B.3
  • 35
    • 84876197088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Update on the management of cirrhosis: Focus on cost-effective preventative strategies
    • Neff GW, Kemmer N, Duncan C, Alsina A. Update on the management of cirrhosis: focus on cost-effective preventative strategies. Clinicoecon Outcomes Res 2013;5:143-152.
    • (2013) Clinicoecon Outcomes Res , vol.5 , pp. 143-152
    • Neff, G.W.1    Kemmer, N.2    Duncan, C.3    Alsina, A.4
  • 36
    • 84930667695 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of the impact of rehospitalization in the management of hepatic encephalopathy
    • Saab S. Evaluation of the impact of rehospitalization in the management of hepatic encephalopathy. Int J Gen Med 2015;8:165-173.
    • (2015) Int J Gen Med , vol.8 , pp. 165-173
    • Saab, S.1
  • 38
    • 78751682795 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence of persistent cognitive impairment after resolution of overt hepatic encephalopathy
    • Riggio O, Ridola L, Pasquale C, et al. Evidence of persistent cognitive impairment after resolution of overt hepatic encephalopathy. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2011;9:181-183.
    • (2011) Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol , vol.9 , pp. 181-183
    • Riggio, O.1    Ridola, L.2    Pasquale, C.3
  • 39
    • 70350075400 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Minimal hepatic encephalopathy is associated with motor vehicle crashes: The reality beyond the driving test
    • Bajaj JS, Saeian K, Schubert CM, et al. Minimal hepatic encephalopathy is associated with motor vehicle crashes: the reality beyond the driving test. Hepatology 2009;50:1175-1183.
    • (2009) Hepatology , vol.50 , pp. 1175-1183
    • Bajaj, J.S.1    Saeian, K.2    Schubert, C.M.3
  • 40
    • 70350102897 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatic encephalopathy and fitness to drive
    • Kircheis G, Knoche A, Hilger N, et al. Hepatic encephalopathy and fitness to drive. Gastroenterology 2009;137:1706-1715.e9.
    • (2009) Gastroenterology , vol.137 , pp. 1706e9-1715e9
    • Kircheis, G.1    Knoche, A.2    Hilger, N.3
  • 41
    • 79952361622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Minimal hepatic encephalopathy is associated with falls
    • Román E, Córdoba J, Torrens M, et al. Minimal hepatic encephalopathy is associated with falls. Am J Gastroenterol 2011;106:476-482.
    • (2011) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.106 , pp. 476-482
    • Román, E.1    Córdoba, J.2    Torrens, M.3
  • 42
    • 80052469447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The multi-dimensional burden of cirrhosis and hepatic encephalopathy on patients and caregivers
    • Bajaj JS, Wade JB, Gibson DP, et al. The multi-dimensional burden of cirrhosis and hepatic encephalopathy on patients and caregivers. Am J Gastroenterol 2011;106:1646-1653.
    • (2011) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.106 , pp. 1646-1653
    • Bajaj, J.S.1    Wade, J.B.2    Gibson, D.P.3
  • 43
    • 0027070432 scopus 로고
    • Double-blind randomized clinical trial comparing neomycin and placebo in the treatment of exogenous hepatic encephalopathy
    • Strauss E, Tramote R, Silva EP, et al. Double-blind randomized clinical trial comparing neomycin and placebo in the treatment of exogenous hepatic encephalopathy. Hepatogastroenterology 1992;39:542-545.
    • (1992) Hepatogastroenterology , vol.39 , pp. 542-545
    • Strauss, E.1    Tramote, R.2    Silva, E.P.3
  • 44
    • 84879601583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The nutritional management of hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis: International Society for Hepatic Encephalopathy and Nitrogen Metabolism Consensus
    • Amodio P, Bemeur C, Butterworth R, et al. The nutritional management of hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis: International Society for Hepatic Encephalopathy and Nitrogen Metabolism Consensus. Hepatology 2013;58:325-336.
    • (2013) Hepatology , vol.58 , pp. 325-336
    • Amodio, P.1    Bemeur, C.2    Butterworth, R.3
  • 46
    • 79960395486 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of nutrition in the management of hepatic encephalopathy in end-stage liver failure
    • Bémeur C, Desjardins P, Butterworth RF. Role of nutrition in the management of hepatic encephalopathy in end-stage liver failure. J Nutr Metab 2010;2010:489823.
    • (2010) J Nutr Metab , vol.2010 , pp. 489823
    • Bémeur, C.1    Desjardins, P.2    Butterworth, R.F.3
  • 47
    • 84884203912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Branched-chain amino acids and ammonia metabolism in liver disease: Therapeutic implications
    • Holecek M. Branched-chain amino acids and ammonia metabolism in liver disease: therapeutic implications. Nutrition 2013;29:1186-1191.
    • (2013) Nutrition , vol.29 , pp. 1186-1191
    • Holecek, M.1
  • 48
    • 84922252345 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ammonia and amino acid profiles in liver cirrhosis: Effects of variables leading to hepatic encephalopathy
    • Holecek M. Ammonia and amino acid profiles in liver cirrhosis: effects of variables leading to hepatic encephalopathy. Nutrition 2015;31:14-20.
    • (2015) Nutrition , vol.31 , pp. 14-20
    • Holecek, M.1
  • 49
    • 84857347318 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Late evening snack: Exploiting a period of anabolic opportunity in cirrhosis
    • Tsien CD, McCullough AJ, Dasarathy S. Late evening snack: exploiting a period of anabolic opportunity in cirrhosis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2012;27:430-441.
    • (2012) J Gastroenterol Hepatol , vol.27 , pp. 430-441
    • Tsien, C.D.1    McCullough, A.J.2    Dasarathy, S.3
  • 50
    • 84881361645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral branched-chain amino acids have a beneficial effect on manifestations of hepatic encephalopathy in a systematic review with meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials
    • Gluud LL, Dam G, Borre M, et al. Oral branched-chain amino acids have a beneficial effect on manifestations of hepatic encephalopathy in a systematic review with meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials. J Nutr 2013;143:1263-1268.
    • (2013) J Nutr , vol.143 , pp. 1263-1268
    • Gluud, L.L.1    Dam, G.2    Borre, M.3
  • 51
    • 84904749223 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatic encephalopathy in chronic liver disease: 2014 Practice Guideline by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and the European Association for the Study of the Liver
    • Vilstrup H, Amodio P, Bajaj J, et al. Hepatic encephalopathy in chronic liver disease: 2014 Practice Guideline by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and the European Association for the Study of the Liver. Hepatology 2014;60:715-735.
    • (2014) Hepatology , vol.60 , pp. 715-735
    • Vilstrup, H.1    Amodio, P.2    Bajaj, J.3
  • 53
    • 77951264269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predictors of nonresponse to lactulose in patients with cirrhosis and hepatic encephalopathy
    • Sharma P, Sharma BC, Sarin SK. Predictors of nonresponse to lactulose in patients with cirrhosis and hepatic encephalopathy. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2010;22:526-531.
    • (2010) Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol , vol.22 , pp. 526-531
    • Sharma, P.1    Sharma, B.C.2    Sarin, S.K.3
  • 54
    • 77950586321 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predictors of the recurrence of hepatic encephalopathy in lactulose-treated patients
    • Bajaj JS, Sanyal AJ, Bell D, Gilles H, Heuman DM. Predictors of the recurrence of hepatic encephalopathy in lactulose-treated patients. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2010;31:1012-1017.
    • (2010) Aliment Pharmacol Ther , vol.31 , pp. 1012-1017
    • Bajaj, J.S.1    Sanyal, A.J.2    Bell, D.3    Gilles, H.4    Heuman, D.M.5
  • 55
    • 84864296945 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Primary prophylaxis of overt hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis: An open labeled randomized controlled trial of lactulose versus no lactulose
    • Sharma P, Sharma BC, Agrawal A, Sarin SK. Primary prophylaxis of overt hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis: an open labeled randomized controlled trial of lactulose versus no lactulose. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2012;27:1329-1335.
    • (2012) J Gastroenterol Hepatol , vol.27 , pp. 1329-1335
    • Sharma, P.1    Sharma, B.C.2    Agrawal, A.3    Sarin, S.K.4
  • 56
    • 84859133780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnosis and treatment of minimal hepatic encephalopathy to prevent motor vehicle accidents: A cost-effectiveness analysis
    • Bajaj JS, Pinkerton SD, Sanyal AJ, Heuman DM. Diagnosis and treatment of minimal hepatic encephalopathy to prevent motor vehicle accidents: a cost-effectiveness analysis. Hepatology 2012;55:1164-1171.
    • (2012) Hepatology , vol.55 , pp. 1164-1171
    • Bajaj, J.S.1    Pinkerton, S.D.2    Sanyal, A.J.3    Heuman, D.M.4
  • 57
    • 77950246404 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rifaximin treatment in hepatic encephalopathy
    • Bass NM, Mullen KD, Sanyal A, et al. Rifaximin treatment in hepatic encephalopathy. N Engl J Med 2010;362:1071-1081.
    • (2010) N Engl J Med , vol.362 , pp. 1071-1081
    • Bass, N.M.1    Mullen, K.D.2    Sanyal, A.3
  • 58
    • 84904384671 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rifaximin is safe and well tolerated for long-term maintenance of remission from overt hepatic encephalopathy
    • Mullen KD, Sanyal AJ, Bass NM, et al. Rifaximin is safe and well tolerated for long-term maintenance of remission from overt hepatic encephalopathy. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2014;12:1390-1397.e2.
    • (2014) Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol , vol.12 , pp. 1390-1390e2
    • Mullen, K.D.1    Sanyal, A.J.2    Bass, N.M.3
  • 59
    • 84855778186 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Durability of rifaximin response in hepatic encephalopathy
    • Neff GW, Jones M, Broda T, et al. Durability of rifaximin response in hepatic encephalopathy. J Clin Gastroenterol 2012;46:168-171.
    • (2012) J Clin Gastroenterol , vol.46 , pp. 168-171
    • Neff, G.W.1    Jones, M.2    Broda, T.3
  • 60
    • 84869217073 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combination therapy for the treatment and prevention of hepatic encephalopathy
    • Mohammad RA, Regal RE, Alaniz C. Combination therapy for the treatment and prevention of hepatic encephalopathy. Ann Pharmacother 2012;46:1559-1563.
    • (2012) Ann Pharmacother , vol.46 , pp. 1559-1563
    • Mohammad, R.A.1    Regal, R.E.2    Alaniz, C.3
  • 62
    • 0025726430 scopus 로고
    • Rifaximin versus neomycin on hyperammoniemia in chronic portal systemic encephalopathy of cirrhotics: A double-blind, randomized trial
    • Pedretti G, Calzetti C, Missale G, Fiaccadori F. Rifaximin versus neomycin on hyperammoniemia in chronic portal systemic encephalopathy of cirrhotics: a double-blind, randomized trial. Ital J Gastroenterol 1991;23:175-178.
    • (1991) Ital J Gastroenterol , vol.23 , pp. 175-178
    • Pedretti, G.1    Calzetti, C.2    Missale, G.3    Fiaccadori, F.4
  • 63
    • 55349090301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rifaximin versus nonabsorbable disaccharides in the management of hepatic encephalopathy: A meta-analysis
    • Jiang Q, Jiang XH, Zheng MH, Jiang LM, Chen YP, Wang L. Rifaximin versus nonabsorbable disaccharides in the management of hepatic encephalopathy: a meta-analysis. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2008;20:1064-1070.
    • (2008) Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol , vol.20 , pp. 1064-1070
    • Jiang, Q.1    Jiang, X.H.2    Zheng, M.H.3    Jiang, L.M.4    Chen, Y.P.5    Wang, L.6
  • 64
    • 84883744232 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized, double-blind, controlled trial comparing rifaximin plus lactulose with lactulose alone in treatment of overt hepatic encephalopathy
    • Sharma BC, Sharma P, Lunia MK, Srivastava S, Goyal R, Sarin SK. A randomized, double-blind, controlled trial comparing rifaximin plus lactulose with lactulose alone in treatment of overt hepatic encephalopathy. Am J Gastroenterol 2013;108:1458-1463.
    • (2013) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.108 , pp. 1458-1463
    • Sharma, B.C.1    Sharma, P.2    Lunia, M.K.3    Srivastava, S.4    Goyal, R.5    Sarin, S.K.6
  • 66
    • 0020046123 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of hepatic encephalopathy with metronidazole
    • Morgan MH, Read AE, Speller DC. Treatment of hepatic encephalopathy with metronidazole. Gut 1982;23:1-7.
    • (1982) Gut , vol.23 , pp. 1-7
    • Morgan, M.H.1    Read, A.E.2    Speller, D.C.3
  • 67
    • 84911480484 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multistrain probiotic and lactulose in the treatment of minimal hepatic encephalopathy
    • Shavakhi A, Hashemi H, Tabesh E, et al. Multistrain probiotic and lactulose in the treatment of minimal hepatic encephalopathy. J Res Med Sci 2014;19:703-708.
    • (2014) J Res Med Sci , vol.19 , pp. 703-708
    • Shavakhi, A.1    Hashemi, H.2    Tabesh, E.3
  • 68
    • 84913553798 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Probiotic VSL#3 reduces liver disease severity and hospitalization in patients with cirrhosis: A randomized, controlled trial
    • Dhiman RK, Rana B, Agrawal S, et al. Probiotic VSL#3 reduces liver disease severity and hospitalization in patients with cirrhosis: a randomized, controlled trial. Gastroenterology 2014;147:1327-1337.e3.
    • (2014) Gastroenterology , vol.147 , pp. 1327e3-1337e3
    • Dhiman, R.K.1    Rana, B.2    Agrawal, S.3
  • 69
    • 84901200252 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Probiotics prevent hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis: A randomized controlled trial
    • Lunia MK, Sharma BC, Sharma P, Sachdeva S, Srivastava S. Probiotics prevent hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis: a randomized controlled trial. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2014;12:1003-1008.e1.
    • (2014) Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol , vol.12 , pp. 1003e1-1008e1
    • Lunia, M.K.1    Sharma, B.C.2    Sharma, P.3    Sachdeva, S.4    Srivastava, S.5
  • 70
    • 84863722812 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Secondary prophylaxis of hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhosis: An open-label, randomized controlled trial of lactulose, probiotics, and no therapy
    • Agrawal A, Sharma BC, Sharma P, Sarin SK. Secondary prophylaxis of hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhosis: an open-label, randomized controlled trial of lactulose, probiotics, and no therapy. Am J Gastroenterol 2012;107:1043-1050.
    • (2012) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.107 , pp. 1043-1050
    • Agrawal, A.1    Sharma, B.C.2    Sharma, P.3    Sarin, S.K.4
  • 71
    • 84949315143 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Probiotics can improve the clinical outcomes of hepatic encephalopathy: An update meta-analysis
    • Zhao LN, Yu T, Lan SY, et al. Probiotics can improve the clinical outcomes of hepatic encephalopathy: an update meta-analysis. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2015;39:674-682.
    • (2015) Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol , vol.39 , pp. 674-682
    • Zhao, L.N.1    Yu, T.2    Lan, S.Y.3
  • 72
    • 70449189572 scopus 로고
    • Management of hepatocerebral intoxication
    • Manning RT, Delp M. Management of hepatocerebral intoxication. N Engl J Med 1958;258:55-62.
    • (1958) N Engl J Med , vol.258 , pp. 55-62
    • Manning, R.T.1    Delp, M.2
  • 73
    • 84925285032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lactulose vs polyethylene glycol 3350: Electrolyte solution for treatment of overt hepatic encephalopathy. The HELP randomized clinical trial
    • Rahimi RS, Singal AG, Cuthbert JA, Rockey DC. Lactulose vs polyethylene glycol 3350: electrolyte solution for treatment of overt hepatic encephalopathy. The HELP randomized clinical trial. JAMA Intern Med 2014;174:1727-1733.
    • (2014) JAMA Intern Med , vol.174 , pp. 1727-1733
    • Rahimi, R.S.1    Singal, A.G.2    Cuthbert, J.A.3    Rockey, D.C.4
  • 74
    • 0033932980 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flumazenil in the treatment of acute hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhotic patients: A double blind randomized placebo controlled study
    • Laccetti M, Manes G, Uomo G, Lioniello M, Rabitti PG, Balzano A. Flumazenil in the treatment of acute hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhotic patients: a double blind randomized placebo controlled study. Dig Liver Dis 2000;32:335-338.
    • (2000) Dig Liver Dis , vol.32 , pp. 335-338
    • Laccetti, M.1    Manes, G.2    Uomo, G.3    Lioniello, M.4    Rabitti, P.G.5    Balzano, A.6
  • 75
    • 84896709238 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized, doubleblind, controlled study of glycerol phenylbutyrate in hepatic encephalopathy
    • Rockey DC, Vierling JM, Mantry P, et al. Randomized, doubleblind, controlled study of glycerol phenylbutyrate in hepatic encephalopathy. Hepatology 2014;59:1073-1083.
    • (2014) Hepatology , vol.59 , pp. 1073-1083
    • Rockey, D.C.1    Vierling, J.M.2    Mantry, P.3
  • 76
    • 84886599635 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety of ornithine phenylacetate in cirrhotic decompensated patients: An open-label, dose-escalating, single-cohort study
    • Ventura-Cots M, Arranz JA, Simón-Talero M, et al. Safety of ornithine phenylacetate in cirrhotic decompensated patients: an open-label, dose-escalating, single-cohort study. J Clin Gastroenterol 2013;47:881-887.
    • (2013) J Clin Gastroenterol , vol.47 , pp. 881-887
    • Ventura-Cots, M.1    Arranz, J.A.2    Simón-Talero, M.3
  • 78
    • 84876982943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • L-ornithine-l-aspartate for hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis: A metaanalysis of randomized controlled trials
    • Bai M, Yang Z, Qi X, Fan D, Han G. l-ornithine-l-aspartate for hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis: a metaanalysis of randomized controlled trials. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2013;28:783-792.
    • (2013) J Gastroenterol Hepatol , vol.28 , pp. 783-792
    • Bai, M.1    Yang, Z.2    Qi, X.3    Fan, D.4    Han, G.5
  • 79
    • 67649388055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatic encephalopathy: Pathophysiology and emerging therapies
    • Sundaram V, Shaikh OS. Hepatic encephalopathy: pathophysiology and emerging therapies. Med Clin North Am 2009;93:819-836.
    • (2009) Med Clin North Am , vol.93 , pp. 819-836
    • Sundaram, V.1    Shaikh, O.S.2
  • 81
    • 84865458306 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration of large spontaneous lienorenal shunt in patients with severe recurrent hepatic encephalopathy with foam sclerotherapy: Initial experience
    • Mukund A, Rajesh S, Arora A, Patidar Y, Jain D, Sarin SK. Efficacy of balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration of large spontaneous lienorenal shunt in patients with severe recurrent hepatic encephalopathy with foam sclerotherapy: initial experience. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2012;23:1200-1206.
    • (2012) J Vasc Interv Radiol , vol.23 , pp. 1200-1206
    • Mukund, A.1    Rajesh, S.2    Arora, A.3    Patidar, Y.4    Jain, D.5    Sarin, S.K.6
  • 82
    • 84901487101 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improvement in survival associated with embolisation of spontaneous portosystemic shunt in patients with recurrent hepatic encephalopathy
    • An J, Kim KW, Han S, Lee J, Lim YS. Improvement in survival associated with embolisation of spontaneous portosystemic shunt in patients with recurrent hepatic encephalopathy. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2014;39:1418-1426.
    • (2014) Aliment Pharmacol Ther , vol.39 , pp. 1418-1426
    • An, J.1    Kim, K.W.2    Han, S.3    Lee, J.4    Lim, Y.S.5
  • 83
    • 84879071149 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Embolization of large spontaneous portosystemic shunts for refractory hepatic encephalopathy: A multicenter survey on safety and efficacy
    • Laleman W, Simon-Talero M, Maleux G, et al. Embolization of large spontaneous portosystemic shunts for refractory hepatic encephalopathy: a multicenter survey on safety and efficacy. Hepatology 2013;57:2448-2457.
    • (2013) Hepatology , vol.57 , pp. 2448-2457
    • Laleman, W.1    Simon-Talero, M.2    Maleux, G.3
  • 84
    • 0031303237 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Encephalopathy after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunting: Analysis of incidence and potential risk factors
    • Zuckerman DA, Darcy MD, Bocchini TP, Hildebolt CF. Encephalopathy after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunting: analysis of incidence and potential risk factors. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1997;169:1727-1731.
    • (1997) AJR Am J Roentgenol , vol.169 , pp. 1727-1731
    • Zuckerman, D.A.1    Darcy, M.D.2    Bocchini, T.P.3    Hildebolt, C.F.4
  • 85
    • 0031860331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt constraining stent for the treatment of refractory postprocedural encephalopathy: A simple design utilizing a Palmaz stent and Wallstent
    • Forauer AR, McLean GK. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt constraining stent for the treatment of refractory postprocedural encephalopathy: a simple design utilizing a Palmaz stent and Wallstent. J Vasc Interv Radiol 1998;9:443-446.
    • (1998) J Vasc Interv Radiol , vol.9 , pp. 443-446
    • Forauer, A.R.1    McLean, G.K.2
  • 86
    • 0028363114 scopus 로고
    • Portosystemic encephalopathy after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt: Results of a prospective controlled study
    • Sanyal AJ, Freedman AM, Shiffman ML, Purdum PP 3rd, Luketic VA, Cheatham AK. Portosystemic encephalopathy after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt: results of a prospective controlled study. Hepatology 1994;20(1 Pt 1):46-55.
    • (1994) Hepatology , vol.20 , Issue.1 , pp. 46-55
    • Sanyal, A.J.1    Freedman, A.M.2    Shiffman, M.L.3    Purdum, P.P.4    Luketic, V.A.5    Cheatham, A.K.6
  • 87
    • 0029872090 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatic encephalopathy after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt: Incidence and risk factors
    • Riggio O, Merlli M, Pedretti G, et al. Hepatic encephalopathy after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt: incidence and risk factors. Dig Dis Sci 1996;41:578-584.
    • (1996) Dig Dis Sci , vol.41 , pp. 578-584
    • Riggio, O.1    Merlli, M.2    Pedretti, G.3
  • 88
    • 10744233609 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improved clinical outcome using polytetrafluoroethylene-coated stents for TIPS: Results of a randomized study
    • Bureau C, Garcia-Pagan JC, Otal P, et al. Improved clinical outcome using polytetrafluoroethylene-coated stents for TIPS: results of a randomized study. Gastroenterology 2004;126:469-475.
    • (2004) Gastroenterology , vol.126 , pp. 469-475
    • Bureau, C.1    Garcia-Pagan, J.C.2    Otal, P.3
  • 89
    • 78149263611 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patency and clinical outcomes of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt with polytetrafluoroethylene-covered stents versus bare stents: A meta-analysis
    • Yang Z, Han G, Wu Q, et al. Patency and clinical outcomes of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt with polytetrafluoroethylene-covered stents versus bare stents: a meta-analysis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2010;25:1718-1725.
    • (2010) J Gastroenterol Hepatol , vol.25 , pp. 1718-1725
    • Yang, Z.1    Han, G.2    Wu, Q.3
  • 91
    • 77955560297 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emerging issues in the use of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) for management of portal hypertension: Time to update the guidelines?
    • Riggio O, Ridola L, Lucidi C, Angeloni S. Emerging issues in the use of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) for management of portal hypertension: time to update the guidelines? Dig Liver Dis 2010;42:462-467.
    • (2010) Dig Liver Dis , vol.42 , pp. 462-467
    • Riggio, O.1    Ridola, L.2    Lucidi, C.3    Angeloni, S.4
  • 92
    • 79955882605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predictors of hepatic encephalopathy after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt in cirrhotic patients: A systematic review
    • Bai M, Qi X, Yang Z, et al. Predictors of hepatic encephalopathy after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt in cirrhotic patients: a systematic review. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2011;26:943-951.
    • (2011) J Gastroenterol Hepatol , vol.26 , pp. 943-951
    • Bai, M.1    Qi, X.2    Yang, Z.3
  • 93
    • 79851509612 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis and refractory ascites: Relevance of serum sodium concentration
    • Guevara M, Baccaro ME, Ríos J, et al. Risk factors for hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis and refractory ascites: relevance of serum sodium concentration. Liver Int 2010;30:1137-1142.
    • (2010) Liver Int , vol.30 , pp. 1137-1142
    • Guevara, M.1    Baccaro, M.E.2    Ríos, J.3
  • 94
    • 17044379742 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacological prophylaxis of hepatic encephalopathy after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt: A randomized controlled study
    • Riggio O, Masini A, Efrati C, et al. Pharmacological prophylaxis of hepatic encephalopathy after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt: a randomized controlled study. J Hepatol 2005;42:674-679.
    • (2005) J Hepatol , vol.42 , pp. 674-679
    • Riggio, O.1    Masini, A.2    Efrati, C.3
  • 95
    • 73449089088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management of refractory hepatic encephalopathy after insertion of TIPS: Longterm results of shunt reduction with hourglass-shaped balloonexpandable stent-graft
    • Fanelli F, Salvatori FM, Rabuffi P, et al. Management of refractory hepatic encephalopathy after insertion of TIPS: longterm results of shunt reduction with hourglass-shaped balloonexpandable stent-graft. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2009;193:1696-1702.
    • (2009) AJR Am J Roentgenol , vol.193 , pp. 1696-1702
    • Fanelli, F.1    Salvatori, F.M.2    Rabuffi, P.3
  • 96
    • 0142063402 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatic and systemic haemodynamic changes after MARS in patients with acute on chronic liver failure
    • Catalina MV, Barrio J, Anaya F, et al. Hepatic and systemic haemodynamic changes after MARS in patients with acute on chronic liver failure. Liver Int 2003;23 Suppl 3:39-43.
    • (2003) Liver Int , vol.23 , pp. 39-43
    • Catalina, M.V.1    Barrio, J.2    Anaya, F.3
  • 97
    • 20444413736 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Albumin dialysis reduces portal pressure acutely in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis
    • Sen S, Mookerjee RP, Cheshire LM, Davies NA, Williams R, Jalan R. Albumin dialysis reduces portal pressure acutely in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis. J Hepatol 2005;43:142-148.
    • (2005) J Hepatol , vol.43 , pp. 142-148
    • Sen, S.1    Mookerjee, R.P.2    Cheshire, L.M.3    Davies, N.A.4    Williams, R.5    Jalan, R.6
  • 98
    • 34247550788 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of the molecular adsorbent recirculating system and Prometheus devices on systemic haemodynamics and vasoactive agents in patients with acute-on-chronic alcoholic liver failure
    • Laleman W, Wilmer A, Evenepoel P, et al. Effect of the molecular adsorbent recirculating system and Prometheus devices on systemic haemodynamics and vasoactive agents in patients with acute-on-chronic alcoholic liver failure. Crit Care 2006;10:R108
    • (2006) Crit Care , vol.10 , pp. R108
    • Laleman, W.1    Wilmer, A.2    Evenepoel, P.3
  • 99
    • 84874481483 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extracorporeal albumin dialysis with the molecular adsorbent recirculating system in acute-on-chronic liver failure: The RELIEF trial
    • Bañares R, Nevens F, Larsen FS, et al. Extracorporeal albumin dialysis with the molecular adsorbent recirculating system in acute-on-chronic liver failure: the RELIEF trial. Hepatology 2013;57:1153-1162.
    • (2013) Hepatology , vol.57 , pp. 1153-1162
    • Bañares, R.1    Nevens, F.2    Larsen, F.S.3
  • 100
    • 84961681687 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatic encephalopathy
    • In: Lee SS, Moreau R, eds.. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons
    • Amodio P. Hepatic encephalopathy. In: Lee SS, Moreau R, eds. Cirrhosis: a practical guide to management. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, 2015:105-123.
    • (2015) Cirrhosis: A Practical Guide to Management , pp. 105-123
    • Amodio, P.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.