메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 19, Issue 3, 2015, Pages 529-537

Ammonia and Its Role in the Pathogenesis of Hepatic Encephalopathy

Author keywords

Ammonia; Astrocyte swelling; GABA; Glutamate; Glutamine; Hepatic encephalopathy; Urea cycle

Indexed keywords

4 AMINOBUTYRIC ACID; AMMONIA; GLUTAMINE;

EID: 84946496090     PISSN: 10893261     EISSN: 15578224     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.cld.2015.05.002     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (57)

References (40)
  • 1
    • 84865320804 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In-hospital mortality and economic burden associated with hepatic encephalopathy in the United States from 2005 to 2009
    • Stepanova M., Mishra A., Venkatesan C., et al. In-hospital mortality and economic burden associated with hepatic encephalopathy in the United States from 2005 to 2009. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2012, 10(9):1034-1041.e1.
    • (2012) Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol , vol.10 , Issue.9 , pp. 1034-1041.e1
    • Stepanova, M.1    Mishra, A.2    Venkatesan, C.3
  • 2
    • 0028959420 scopus 로고
    • Glutamine and glucose metabolism in enterocytes of the neonatal pig
    • Wu G., Knabe D.A., Yan W., et al. Glutamine and glucose metabolism in enterocytes of the neonatal pig. Am J Physiol 1995, 268(2 Pt 2):R334-R342.
    • (1995) Am J Physiol , vol.268 , Issue.2 , pp. R334-R342
    • Wu, G.1    Knabe, D.A.2    Yan, W.3
  • 3
    • 84872132467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ammonia production by human faecal bacteria, and the enumeration, isolation and characterization of bacteria capable of growth on peptides and amino acids
    • Richardson A.J., Mckain N., Wallace R.J. Ammonia production by human faecal bacteria, and the enumeration, isolation and characterization of bacteria capable of growth on peptides and amino acids. BMC Microbiol 2013, 13:6.
    • (2013) BMC Microbiol , vol.13 , pp. 6
    • Richardson, A.J.1    Mckain, N.2    Wallace, R.J.3
  • 4
    • 84902548234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does H. pylori eradication therapy benefit patients with hepatic encephalopathy?: systematic review
    • Schulz C., Schütte K., Malfertheiner P., et al. Does H. pylori eradication therapy benefit patients with hepatic encephalopathy?: systematic review. J Clin Gastroenterol 2014, 48(6):491-499.
    • (2014) J Clin Gastroenterol , vol.48 , Issue.6 , pp. 491-499
    • Schulz, C.1    Schütte, K.2    Malfertheiner, P.3
  • 5
    • 79959351304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Helicobacter pylori might contribute to persistent cognitive impairment after resolution of overt hepatic encephalopathy
    • Kountouras J., Zavos C., Deretzi G. Helicobacter pylori might contribute to persistent cognitive impairment after resolution of overt hepatic encephalopathy. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2011, 9(7):624.
    • (2011) Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol , vol.9 , Issue.7 , pp. 624
    • Kountouras, J.1    Zavos, C.2    Deretzi, G.3
  • 6
    • 42149124316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of H pylori infection and its eradication on hyperammonemia and hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhotic patients
    • Chen S.J., Wang L.J., Zhu Q., et al. Effect of H pylori infection and its eradication on hyperammonemia and hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhotic patients. World J Gastroenterol 2008, 14(12):1914-1918.
    • (2008) World J Gastroenterol , vol.14 , Issue.12 , pp. 1914-1918
    • Chen, S.J.1    Wang, L.J.2    Zhu, Q.3
  • 7
    • 0038721299 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatic encephalopathy and Helicobacter pylori: a critical reappraisal
    • Zullo A., Hassan C., Morini S. Hepatic encephalopathy and Helicobacter pylori: a critical reappraisal. J Clin Gastroenterol 2003, 37(2):164-168.
    • (2003) J Clin Gastroenterol , vol.37 , Issue.2 , pp. 164-168
    • Zullo, A.1    Hassan, C.2    Morini, S.3
  • 8
    • 84878020161 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A current review of the diagnostic and treatment strategies of hepatic encephalopathy
    • Poh Z., Chang P.E. A current review of the diagnostic and treatment strategies of hepatic encephalopathy. Int J Hepatol 2012, 2012:480309.
    • (2012) Int J Hepatol , vol.2012 , pp. 480309
    • Poh, Z.1    Chang, P.E.2
  • 9
    • 0036256827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyperammonemic encephalopathy
    • Brusilow S.W. Hyperammonemic encephalopathy. Medicine (Baltimore) 2002, 81(3):240-249.
    • (2002) Medicine (Baltimore) , vol.81 , Issue.3 , pp. 240-249
    • Brusilow, S.W.1
  • 10
    • 0343238857 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatic encephalopathy in chronic liver disease: a clinical manifestation of astrocyte swelling and low-grade cerebral edema?
    • Häussinger D., Kircheis G., Fischer R., et al. Hepatic encephalopathy in chronic liver disease: a clinical manifestation of astrocyte swelling and low-grade cerebral edema?. J Hepatol 2000, 32(6):1035-1038.
    • (2000) J Hepatol , vol.32 , Issue.6 , pp. 1035-1038
    • Häussinger, D.1    Kircheis, G.2    Fischer, R.3
  • 11
    • 85080034819 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathogenetic mechanisms of hepatic encephalopathy
    • Häussinger D., Schliess F. Pathogenetic mechanisms of hepatic encephalopathy. Gut 2008, 57(8):1156-1165.
    • (2008) Gut , vol.57 , Issue.8 , pp. 1156-1165
    • Häussinger, D.1    Schliess, F.2
  • 12
    • 33750603620 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 1H-MR spectroscopy, magnetization transfer, and diffusion-weighted imaging in alcoholic and nonalcoholic patients with cirrhosis with hepatic encephalopathy
    • Miese F., Kircheis G., Wittsack H.J., et al. 1H-MR spectroscopy, magnetization transfer, and diffusion-weighted imaging in alcoholic and nonalcoholic patients with cirrhosis with hepatic encephalopathy. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2006, 27(5):1019-1026.
    • (2006) AJNR Am J Neuroradiol , vol.27 , Issue.5 , pp. 1019-1026
    • Miese, F.1    Kircheis, G.2    Wittsack, H.J.3
  • 13
    • 84909606770 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multimodality magnetic resonance imaging in hepatic encephalopathy: an update
    • Zhang X.D., Zhang L.J., Wu S.Y., et al. Multimodality magnetic resonance imaging in hepatic encephalopathy: an update. World J Gastroenterol 2014, 20(32):11262-11272.
    • (2014) World J Gastroenterol , vol.20 , Issue.32 , pp. 11262-11272
    • Zhang, X.D.1    Zhang, L.J.2    Wu, S.Y.3
  • 14
    • 84861370972 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduced brain levels of DHEAS in hepatic coma patients: significance for increased GABAergic tone in hepatic encephalopathy
    • Ahboucha S., Talani G., Fanutza T., et al. Reduced brain levels of DHEAS in hepatic coma patients: significance for increased GABAergic tone in hepatic encephalopathy. Neurochem Int 2012, 61(1):48-53.
    • (2012) Neurochem Int , vol.61 , Issue.1 , pp. 48-53
    • Ahboucha, S.1    Talani, G.2    Fanutza, T.3
  • 15
    • 84884791457 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GABAergic transmission in hepatic encephalopathy
    • Sergeeva O.A. GABAergic transmission in hepatic encephalopathy. Arch Biochem Biophys 2013, 536(2):122-130.
    • (2013) Arch Biochem Biophys , vol.536 , Issue.2 , pp. 122-130
    • Sergeeva, O.A.1
  • 16
    • 34247547012 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypoosmotic swelling and ammonia increase oxidative stress by NADPH oxidase in cultured astrocytes and vital brain slices
    • Reinehr R., Görg B., Becker S., et al. Hypoosmotic swelling and ammonia increase oxidative stress by NADPH oxidase in cultured astrocytes and vital brain slices. Glia 2007, 55(7):758-771.
    • (2007) Glia , vol.55 , Issue.7 , pp. 758-771
    • Reinehr, R.1    Görg, B.2    Becker, S.3
  • 17
    • 77954224523 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidative stress markers in the brain of patients with cirrhosis and hepatic encephalopathy
    • Görg B., Qvartskhava N., Bidmon H.J., et al. Oxidative stress markers in the brain of patients with cirrhosis and hepatic encephalopathy. Hepatology 2010, 52(1):256-265.
    • (2010) Hepatology , vol.52 , Issue.1 , pp. 256-265
    • Görg, B.1    Qvartskhava, N.2    Bidmon, H.J.3
  • 18
    • 84911986146 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ammonia-induced senescence in cultured rat astrocytes and in human cerebral cortex in hepatic encephalopathy
    • Görg B., Karababa A., Shafigullina A., et al. Ammonia-induced senescence in cultured rat astrocytes and in human cerebral cortex in hepatic encephalopathy. Glia 2015, 63(1):37-50.
    • (2015) Glia , vol.63 , Issue.1 , pp. 37-50
    • Görg, B.1    Karababa, A.2    Shafigullina, A.3
  • 19
    • 78751682795 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence of persistent cognitive impairment after resolution of overt hepatic encephalopathy
    • Riggio O., Ridola L., Pasquale C., et al. Evidence of persistent cognitive impairment after resolution of overt hepatic encephalopathy. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2011, 9(2):181-183.
    • (2011) Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol , vol.9 , Issue.2 , pp. 181-183
    • Riggio, O.1    Ridola, L.2    Pasquale, C.3
  • 20
    • 77952744973 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Persistence of cognitive impairment after resolution of overt hepatic encephalopathy
    • Bajaj J.S., Schubert C.M., Heuman D.M., et al. Persistence of cognitive impairment after resolution of overt hepatic encephalopathy. Gastroenterology 2010, 138(7):2332-2340.
    • (2010) Gastroenterology , vol.138 , Issue.7 , pp. 2332-2340
    • Bajaj, J.S.1    Schubert, C.M.2    Heuman, D.M.3
  • 21
    • 84903906278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Persistence of cognitive impairment after resolution of overt hepatic encephalopathy
    • Umapathy S., Dhiman R.K., Grover S., et al. Persistence of cognitive impairment after resolution of overt hepatic encephalopathy. Am J Gastroenterol 2014, 109(7):1011-1019.
    • (2014) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.109 , Issue.7 , pp. 1011-1019
    • Umapathy, S.1    Dhiman, R.K.2    Grover, S.3
  • 22
    • 0025979046 scopus 로고
    • Cerebral ammonia metabolism in patients with severe liver disease and minimal hepatic encephalopathy
    • Lockwood A.H., Yap E.W., Wong W.H. Cerebral ammonia metabolism in patients with severe liver disease and minimal hepatic encephalopathy. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1991, 11(2):337-341.
    • (1991) J Cereb Blood Flow Metab , vol.11 , Issue.2 , pp. 337-341
    • Lockwood, A.H.1    Yap, E.W.2    Wong, W.H.3
  • 23
    • 67349206170 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyponatremia is a risk factor of hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis: a prospective study with time-dependent analysis
    • Guevara M., Baccaro M.E., Torre A., et al. Hyponatremia is a risk factor of hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis: a prospective study with time-dependent analysis. Am J Gastroenterol 2009, 104(6):1382-1389.
    • (2009) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.104 , Issue.6 , pp. 1382-1389
    • Guevara, M.1    Baccaro, M.E.2    Torre, A.3
  • 24
    • 0031836321 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Benzodiazepines in hepatic encephalopathy: sleeping with the enemy
    • Dasarathy S., Mullen K.D. Benzodiazepines in hepatic encephalopathy: sleeping with the enemy. Gut 1998, 42(6):764-765.
    • (1998) Gut , vol.42 , Issue.6 , pp. 764-765
    • Dasarathy, S.1    Mullen, K.D.2
  • 25
    • 77954836890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changing face of hepatic encephalopathy: role of inflammation and oxidative stress
    • Seyan A.S., Hughes R.D., Shawcross D.L. Changing face of hepatic encephalopathy: role of inflammation and oxidative stress. World J Gastroenterol 2010, 16(27):3347-3357.
    • (2010) World J Gastroenterol , vol.16 , Issue.27 , pp. 3347-3357
    • Seyan, A.S.1    Hughes, R.D.2    Shawcross, D.L.3
  • 26
    • 33750608704 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glutamine: a Trojan horse in ammonia neurotoxicity
    • Albrecht J., Norenberg M.D. Glutamine: a Trojan horse in ammonia neurotoxicity. Hepatology 2006, 44(4):788-794.
    • (2006) Hepatology , vol.44 , Issue.4 , pp. 788-794
    • Albrecht, J.1    Norenberg, M.D.2
  • 27
    • 77953688432 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain edema dynamics in patients with overt hepatic encephalopathy: A magnetic resonance imaging study
    • Poveda M.J., Bernabeu A., Concepción L., et al. Brain edema dynamics in patients with overt hepatic encephalopathy: A magnetic resonance imaging study. Neuroimage 2010, 52(2):481-487.
    • (2010) Neuroimage , vol.52 , Issue.2 , pp. 481-487
    • Poveda, M.J.1    Bernabeu, A.2    Concepción, L.3
  • 28
    • 84939898456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ephrin/Ephrin receptor expression in ammonia-treated rat astrocytes and in human cerebral cortex in hepatic encephalopathy
    • Sobczyk K., Jördens M.S., Karababa A., et al. Ephrin/Ephrin receptor expression in ammonia-treated rat astrocytes and in human cerebral cortex in hepatic encephalopathy. Neurochem Res 2015, 40(2):274-283.
    • (2015) Neurochem Res , vol.40 , Issue.2 , pp. 274-283
    • Sobczyk, K.1    Jördens, M.S.2    Karababa, A.3
  • 29
    • 35348973583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Downregulation of the 18-kDa translocator protein: effects on the ammonia-induced mitochondrial permeability transition and cell swelling in cultured astrocytes
    • Panickar K.S., Jayakumar A.R., Rama Rao K.V., et al. Downregulation of the 18-kDa translocator protein: effects on the ammonia-induced mitochondrial permeability transition and cell swelling in cultured astrocytes. Glia 2007, 55(16):1720-1727.
    • (2007) Glia , vol.55 , Issue.16 , pp. 1720-1727
    • Panickar, K.S.1    Jayakumar, A.R.2    Rama Rao, K.V.3
  • 30
    • 5444234245 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathophysiology of hepatic encephalopathy: a new look at GABA from the molecular standpoint
    • Ahboucha S., Butterworth R.F. Pathophysiology of hepatic encephalopathy: a new look at GABA from the molecular standpoint. Metab Brain Dis 2004, 19(3-4):331-343.
    • (2004) Metab Brain Dis , vol.19 , Issue.3-4 , pp. 331-343
    • Ahboucha, S.1    Butterworth, R.F.2
  • 31
    • 0036988027 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ammonia, the GABA neurotransmitter system, and hepatic encephalopathy
    • Jones E.A. Ammonia, the GABA neurotransmitter system, and hepatic encephalopathy. Metab Brain Dis 2002, 17(4):275-281.
    • (2002) Metab Brain Dis , vol.17 , Issue.4 , pp. 275-281
    • Jones, E.A.1
  • 32
    • 84861586481 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GABAergic neurosteroids: the "endogenous benzodiazepines" of acute liver failure
    • Ahboucha S., Gamrani H., Baker G. GABAergic neurosteroids: the "endogenous benzodiazepines" of acute liver failure. Neurochem Int 2012, 60(7):707-714.
    • (2012) Neurochem Int , vol.60 , Issue.7 , pp. 707-714
    • Ahboucha, S.1    Gamrani, H.2    Baker, G.3
  • 33
    • 0033956444 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The astrocytic ("peripheral-type") benzodiazepine receptor: role in the pathogenesis of portal-systemic encephalopathy
    • Butterworth R.F. The astrocytic ("peripheral-type") benzodiazepine receptor: role in the pathogenesis of portal-systemic encephalopathy. Neurochem Int 2000, 36(4-5):411-416.
    • (2000) Neurochem Int , vol.36 , Issue.4-5 , pp. 411-416
    • Butterworth, R.F.1
  • 34
    • 78650860660 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurosteroids and hepatic encephalopathy: an update on possible pathophysiologic mechanisms
    • Ahboucha S. Neurosteroids and hepatic encephalopathy: an update on possible pathophysiologic mechanisms. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2011, 4(1):1-13.
    • (2011) Curr Mol Pharmacol , vol.4 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-13
    • Ahboucha, S.1
  • 35
    • 56349102131 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Demonstration of neuron-glia transfer of precursors for GABA biosynthesis in a co-culture system of dissociated mouse cerebral cortex
    • Leke R., Bak L.K., Schousboe A., et al. Demonstration of neuron-glia transfer of precursors for GABA biosynthesis in a co-culture system of dissociated mouse cerebral cortex. Neurochem Res 2008, 33(12):2629-2635.
    • (2008) Neurochem Res , vol.33 , Issue.12 , pp. 2629-2635
    • Leke, R.1    Bak, L.K.2    Schousboe, A.3
  • 36
    • 79955660794 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synthesis of neurotransmitter GABA via the neuronal tricarboxylic acid cycle is elevated in rats with liver cirrhosis consistent with a high GABAergic tone in chronic hepatic encephalopathy
    • Leke R., Bak L.K., Iversen P., et al. Synthesis of neurotransmitter GABA via the neuronal tricarboxylic acid cycle is elevated in rats with liver cirrhosis consistent with a high GABAergic tone in chronic hepatic encephalopathy. J Neurochem 2011, 117(5):824-832.
    • (2011) J Neurochem , vol.117 , Issue.5 , pp. 824-832
    • Leke, R.1    Bak, L.K.2    Iversen, P.3
  • 37
    • 0036185729 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flumazenil vs. placebo in hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis: a meta-analysis
    • Goulenok C., Bernard B., Cadranel J.F., et al. Flumazenil vs. placebo in hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis: a meta-analysis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2002, 16(3):361-372.
    • (2002) Aliment Pharmacol Ther , vol.16 , Issue.3 , pp. 361-372
    • Goulenok, C.1    Bernard, B.2    Cadranel, J.F.3
  • 38
    • 78649386642 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The bile acid receptor TGR5 (Gpbar-1) acts as a neurosteroid receptor in brain
    • Keitel V., Görg B., Bidmon H.J., et al. The bile acid receptor TGR5 (Gpbar-1) acts as a neurosteroid receptor in brain. Glia 2010, 58(15):1794-1805.
    • (2010) Glia , vol.58 , Issue.15 , pp. 1794-1805
    • Keitel, V.1    Görg, B.2    Bidmon, H.J.3
  • 39
    • 0036191173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatic encephalopathy-definition, nomenclature, diagnosis, and quantification: final report of the working party at the 11th World Congresses of Gastroenterology, Vienna, 1998
    • Ferenci P., Lockwood A., Mullen K., et al. Hepatic encephalopathy-definition, nomenclature, diagnosis, and quantification: final report of the working party at the 11th World Congresses of Gastroenterology, Vienna, 1998. Hepatology 2002, 35(3):716-721.
    • (2002) Hepatology , vol.35 , Issue.3 , pp. 716-721
    • Ferenci, P.1    Lockwood, A.2    Mullen, K.3
  • 40
    • 84878753328 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How to diagnose hepatic encephalopathy in the emergency department
    • Gundling F., Zelihic E., Seidl H., et al. How to diagnose hepatic encephalopathy in the emergency department. Ann Hepatol 2013, 12(1):108-114.
    • (2013) Ann Hepatol , vol.12 , Issue.1 , pp. 108-114
    • Gundling, F.1    Zelihic, E.2    Seidl, H.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.