The Chemical Ecology of Predatory Soil Bacteria

ACS Chemical Biology

Volumn 11, Issue 6, 2016, Pages 1502-1510

  Findlay, Brandon L ^a  

^a Gina Cody School of Engineering and Computer Science   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; NATURAL PRODUCT; SIDEROPHORE; ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT; BIOLOGICAL PRODUCT; CAROLACTON; LIPOXYGENASE INHIBITOR; LYSINE; MACROLIDE; MYXOCHELIN A; MYXOCOCCUS XANTHUS ANTIBIOTIC TA;

BACTERIVORY; DORMANCY; ECOLOGY; ELECTRON TRANSPORT; MYXOCOCCUS XANTHUS; NONHUMAN; PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT; PREDATOR; PREY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; SOIL MICROFLORA; ANALOGS AND DERIVATIVES; ANTIBIOSIS; BIOFILM; ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION; METABOLISM; MICROBIOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY; QUORUM SENSING; SECONDARY METABOLISM;

ANTI-BACTERIAL AGENTS; ANTIBIOSIS; BIOFILMS; BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS; ECOLOGY; ELECTRON TRANSPORT; LIPOXYGENASE INHIBITORS; LYSINE; MACROLIDES; MYXOCOCCUS XANTHUS; QUORUM SENSING; SECONDARY METABOLISM; SIDEROPHORES; SOIL MICROBIOLOGY;

EID: 84975221739     PISSN: 15548929     EISSN: 15548937     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.6b00176     Document Type: Review

References (99)

1. Newman, D. J. and Cragg, G. M. (2012) Natural products as sources of new drugs over the 30 years from 1981 to 2010 J. Nat. Prod. 75, 311-335 10.1021/np200906s
2. Bérdy, J. (2012) Thoughts and facts about antibiotics: where we are now and where we are heading J. Antibiot. 65, 385-395 10.1038/ja.2012.27
3. Andersson, D. I. and Hughes, D. (2014) Microbiological effects of sublethal levels of antibiotics Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 12, 465-478 10.1038/nrmicro3270
4. Aminov, R. I. (2009) The role of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance in nature Environ. Microbiol. 11, 2970-2988 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2009.01972.x
5. Bentley, S. D., Chater, K. F., Cerdeño-Tárraga, A.-M., Challis, G. L., Thomson, N. R., James, K. D., Harris, D. E., Quail, M. A., Kieser, H., Harper, D., Bateman, A., Brown, S., Chandra, G., Chen, C. W., Collins, M., Cronin, A., Fraser, A., Goble, A., Hidalgo, J., Hornsby, T., Howarth, S., Huang, C.-H., Kieser, T., Larke, L., Murphy, L., Oliver, K., O'Neil, S., Rabbinowitsch, E., Rajandream, M.-A., Rutherford, K., Rutter, S., Seeger, K., Saunders, D., Sharp, S., Squares, R., Squares, S., Taylor, K., Warren, T., Wietzorrek, A., Woodward, J., Barrell, B. G., Parkhill, J., and Hopwood, D. A. (2002) Complete genome sequence of the model actinomycete Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) Nature 417, 141-147 10.1038/417141a
6. Wright, G. D. (2014) Something old, something new: revisiting natural products in antibiotic drug discovery Can. J. Microbiol. 60, 147-154 10.1139/cjm-2014-0063
7. Rutledge, P. J. and Challis, G. L. (2015) Discovery of microbial natural products by activation of silent biosynthetic gene clusters Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 13, 509-523 10.1038/nrmicro3496
8. Liu, G., Chater, K. F., Chandra, G., Niu, G., and Tan, H. (2013) Molecular regulation of antibiotic biosynthesis in streptomyces Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. MMBR 77, 112-143 10.1128/MMBR.00054-12
9. Traxler, M. F. and Kolter, R. (2015) Natural products in soil microbe interactions and evolution Nat. Prod. Rep. 32, 956-970 10.1039/C5NP00013K
10. Marmann, A., Aly, A., Lin, W., Wang, B., and Proksch, P. (2014) Co-Cultivation-A Powerful Emerging Tool for Enhancing the Chemical Diversity of Microorganisms Mar. Drugs 12, 1043-1065 10.3390/md12021043
11. Coleman, D. C., Crossley, D. A., Jr., and Hendrix, P. F. (2004) 3-Secondary Production: Activities of Heterotrophic Organisms-Microbes, in Fundamentals of Soil Ecology (2nd edition), pp 47-77, Academic Press, Burlington.
12. Clarholm, M. (1981) Protozoan grazing of bacteria in soil-impact and importance Microb. Ecol. 7, 343-350 10.1007/BF02341429
13. Casida, L. E. (1988) Minireview: Nonobligate bacterial predation of bacteria in soil Microb. Ecol. 15, 1-8 10.1007/BF02012948
14. DePas, W. H., Syed, A. K., Sifuentes, M., Lee, J. S., Warshaw, D., Saggar, V., Csankovszki, G., Boles, B. R., and Chapman, M. R. (2014) Biofilm Formation Protects Escherichia coli against Killing by Caenorhabditis elegans and Myxococcus xanthus Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 80, 7079-7087 10.1128/AEM.02464-14
15. Kumbhar, C., Mudliar, P., Bhatia, L., Kshirsagar, A., and Watve, M. (2014) Widespread predatory abilities in the genus Streptomyces Arch. Microbiol. 196, 235-248 10.1007/s00203-014-0961-7
16. Rosenberg, E., Keller, K. H., and Dworkin, M. (1977) Cell density-dependent growth of Myxococcus xanthus on casein J. Bacteriol. 129, 770-777
17. Lueders, T., Kindler, R., Miltner, A., Friedrich, M. W., and Kaestner, M. (2006) Identification of Bacterial Micropredators Distinctively Active in a Soil Microbial Food Web Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 72, 5342-5348 10.1128/AEM.00400-06
18. Reichenbach, H. (1999) The ecology of the myxobacteria Environ. Microbiol. 1, 15-21 10.1046/j.1462-2920.1999.00016.x
19. Zhou, X., Li, S., Li, W., Jiang, D., Han, K., Wu, Z., and Li, Y. (2014) Myxobacterial community is a predominant and highly diverse bacterial group in soil niches: Predominant soil myxobacteria Environ. Microbiol. Rep. 6, 45-56 10.1111/1758-2229.12107
20. Velicer, G. J. and Vos, M. (2009) Sociobiology of the Myxobacteria Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 63, 599-623 10.1146/annurev.micro.091208.073158
21. Goldman, B. S., Nierman, W. C., Kaiser, D., Slater, S. C., Durkin, A. S., Eisen, J. A., Eisen, J., Ronning, C. M., Barbazuk, W. B., Blanchard, M., Field, C., Halling, C., Hinkle, G., Iartchuk, O., Kim, H. S., Mackenzie, C., Madupu, R., Miller, N., Shvartsbeyn, A., Sullivan, S. A., Vaudin, M., Wiegand, R., and Kaplan, H. B. (2006) Evolution of sensory complexity recorded in a myxobacterial genome Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 103, 15200-15205 10.1073/pnas.0607335103
22. Weber, T., Blin, K., Duddela, S., Krug, D., Kim, H. U., Bruccoleri, R., Lee, S. Y., Fischbach, M. A., Müller, R., Wohlleben, W., Breitling, R., Takano, E., and Medema, M. H. (2015) antiSMASH 3.0-a comprehensive resource for the genome mining of biosynthetic gene clusters Nucleic Acids Res. 43, W237-243 10.1093/nar/gkv437
23. Krug, D., Zurek, G., Revermann, O., Vos, M., Velicer, G. J., and Muller, R. (2008) Discovering the Hidden Secondary Metabolome of Myxococcus xanthus: a Study of Intraspecific Diversity Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 74, 3058-3068 10.1128/AEM.02863-07
24. Cortina, N. S., Krug, D., Plaza, A., Revermann, O., and Müller, R. (2012) Myxoprincomide: A Natural Product from Myxococcus xanthus Discovered by Comprehensive Analysis of the Secondary Metabolome Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 51, 811-816 10.1002/anie.201106305
25. Gerth, K., Irschik, H., Reichenbach, H., and Trowitzsch, W. (1982) The myxovirescins, a family of antibiotics from Myxococcus virescens (Myxobacterales) J. Antibiot. 35, 1454-1459 10.7164/antibiotics.35.1454
26. Meiser, P., Bode, H. B., and Müller, R. (2006) The unique DKxanthene secondary metabolite family from the myxobacterium Myxococcus xanthus is required for developmental sporulation Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 103, 19128-19133 10.1073/pnas.0606039103
27. Gerth, K., Jansen, R., Reifenstahl, G., Höfle, G., Irschik, H., Kunze, B., Reichenbach, H., and Thierbach, G. (1983) The myxalamids, new antibiotics from Myxococcus xanthus (Myxobacterales) I. production, physico-chemical and biological properties, and mechanism of action J. Antibiot. 36, 1150-1156 10.7164/antibiotics.36.1150
28. Irschik, H., Trowitzsch-Kienast, W., Gerth, K., Höfle, G., and Reichenbach, H. (1988) Saframycin Mx1, a new natural saframycin isolated from a myxobacterium J. Antibiot. 41, 993-998 10.7164/antibiotics.41.993
29. Kegler, C., Gerth, K., and Müller, R. (2006) Establishment of a real-time PCR protocol for expression studies of secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters in the G/C-rich myxobacterium Sorangium cellulosum So ce56 J. Biotechnol. 121, 201-212 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2005.10.007
30. Arai, T., Yazawa, K., Mikami, Y., Kubo, A., and Takahashi, K. (1976) Isolation and characterization of satellite antibiotics, mimosamycin and chlorocarcins from Streptomyces lavendulae, streptothricin source J. Antibiot. 29, 398-407 10.7164/antibiotics.29.398
31. Korzybski, T. (1967) Antibiotics: Origin, Nature and Properties. Pergamon.
32. KUNZE, B., Reichenbach, H., Augustiniak, H., and Höfle, G. (1982) Isolation and identification of althiomycin from Cystobacter fuscus (Myxobacterales) J. Antibiot. 35, 635-636 10.7164/antibiotics.35.635
33. Gerc, A. J., Song, L., Challis, G. L., Stanley-Wall, N. R., Coulthurst, S. J., and Cornelis, P. (2012) The Insect Pathogen Serratia marcescens Db10 Uses a Hybrid Non-Ribosomal Peptide Synthetase-Polyketide Synthase to Produce the Antibiotic Althiomycin PLoS One 7, e44673 10.1371/journal.pone.0044673
34. Kaiser, D. (2013) Are Myxobacteria intelligent? Front. Microbiol. 4, DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2013.00335.
35. Jakobczak, B., Keilberg, D., Wuichet, K., and Søgaard-Andersen, L. (2015) Contact-and protein transfer-dependent stimulation of assembly of the gliding motility machinery in Myxococcus xanthus PLoS Genet. 11, e1005341 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005341
36. Kaiser, D. and Warrick, H. (2014) Transmission of a signal that synchronizes cell movements in swarms of Myxococcus xanthus Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 111, 13105-13110 10.1073/pnas.1411925111
37. Zhang, H., Vaksman, Z., Litwin, D. B., Shi, P., Kaplan, H. B., and Igoshin, O. A. (2012) The Mechanistic Basis of Myxococcus xanthus Rippling Behavior and Its Physiological Role during Predation PLoS Comput. Biol. 8, e1002715 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002715
38. Burchard, R. P. (1982) Trail following by gliding bacteria J. Bacteriol. 152, 495-501
39. Velicer, G. J. and Yu, Y. N. (2003) Evolution of novel cooperative swarming in the bacterium Myxococcus xanthus Nature 425, 75-78 10.1038/nature01908
40. Kaiser, D. (1993) Roland Thaxter's legacy and the origins of multicellular development Genetics 135, 249
41. Dahl, J. L., Ulrich, C. H., and Kroft, T. L. (2011) Role of Phase Variation in the Resistance of Myxococcus xanthus Fruiting Bodies to Caenorhabditis elegans Predation J. Bacteriol. 193, 5081-5089 10.1128/JB.05383-11
42. Kaplan, H. B. and Plamann, L. (1996) A Myxococcus xanthus cell density-sensing system required for multicellular development FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 139, 89-95 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1996.tb08185.x
43. Rolbetzki, A., Ammon, M., Jakovljevic, V., Konovalova, A., and Søgaard-Andersen, L. (2008) Regulated Secretion of a Protease Activates Intercellular Signaling during Fruiting Body Formation in M. xanthus Dev. Cell 15, 627-634 10.1016/j.devcel.2008.08.002
44. Konovalova, A., Löbach, S., and Søgaard-Andersen, L. (2012) A RelA-dependent two-tiered regulated proteolysis cascade controls synthesis of a contact-dependent intercellular signal in Myxococcus xanthus: Regulated secretion by regulated proteolysis Mol. Microbiol. 84, 260-275 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2012.08020.x
45. Konovalova, A., Wegener-Feldbrügge, S., and Søgaard-Andersen, L. (2012) Two intercellular signals required for fruiting body formation in Myxococcus xanthus act sequentially but non-hierarchically Mol. Microbiol. 86, 65-81 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2012.08173.x
46. Rajagopalan, R. and Kroos, L. (2014) Nutrient-regulated proteolysis of MrpC halts expression of genes important for commitment to sporulation during Myxococcus xanthus development J. Bacteriol. 196, 2736-2747 10.1128/JB.01692-14
47. Robinson, M., Son, B., Kroos, D., and Kroos, L. (2014) Transcription factor MrpC binds to promoter regions of hundreds of developmentally-regulated genes in Myxococcus xanthus BMC Genomics 15, 1123 10.1186/1471-2164-15-1123
48. Rendueles, O., Zee, P. C., Dinkelacker, I., Amherd, M., Wielgoss, S., and Velicer, G. J. (2015) Rapid and widespread de novo evolution of kin discrimination Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 112, 9076-9081 10.1073/pnas.1502251112
49. Wall, D. (2014) Molecular recognition in myxobacterial outer membrane exchange: functional, social and evolutionary implications: Molecular recognition in outer membrane exchange Mol. Microbiol. 91, 209-220 10.1111/mmi.12450
50. Vassallo, C., Pathak, D. T., Cao, P., Zuckerman, D. M., Hoiczyk, E., and Wall, D. (2015) Cell rejuvenation and social behaviors promoted by LPS exchange in myxobacteria Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 112, E2939-E2946 10.1073/pnas.1503553112
51. Dey, A., Vassallo, C. N., Conklin, A. C., Pathak, D. T., Troselj, V., and Wall, D. (2016) Sibling rivalry in Myxococcus xanthus is mediated by kin recognition and a polyploid prophage J. Bacteriol. 198, 994-1004 10.1128/JB.00964-15
52. Shi, W. and Zusman, D. R. (1993) Fatal attraction Nature 366, 414-415 10.1038/366414a0
53. Berleman, J. E., Chumley, T., Cheung, P., and Kirby, J. R. (2006) Rippling Is a Predatory Behavior in Myxococcus xanthus J. Bacteriol. 188, 5888-5895 10.1128/JB.00559-06
54. Dziewanowska, K., Settles, M., Hunter, S., Linquist, I., Schilkey, F., and Hartzell, P. L. (2014) Phase Variation in Myxococcus xanthus Yields Cells Specialized for Iron Sequestration PLoS One 9, e95189 10.1371/journal.pone.0095189
55. Zafriri, D., Rosenberg, E., and Mirelman, D. (1981) Mode of action of Myxococcus xanthus antibiotic TA Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 19, 349-351 10.1128/AAC.19.2.349
56. Xiao, Y., Gerth, K., Muller, R., and Wall, D. (2012) Myxobacterium-Produced Antibiotic TA (Myxovirescin) Inhibits Type II Signal Peptidase Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 56, 2014-2021 10.1128/AAC.06148-11
57. Xiao, Y. and Wall, D. (2014) Genetic Redundancy, Proximity, and Functionality of lspA, the Target of Antibiotic TA, in the Myxococcus xanthus Producer Strain J. Bacteriol. 196, 1174-1183 10.1128/JB.01361-13
58. Xiao, Y., Wei, X., Ebright, R., and Wall, D. (2011) Antibiotic Production by Myxobacteria Plays a Role in Predation J. Bacteriol. 193, 4626-4633 10.1128/JB.05052-11
59. Ahmed, E. and Holmström, S. J. M. (2014) Siderophores in environmental research: roles and applications Microb. Biotechnol. 7, 196-208 10.1111/1751-7915.12117
60. D'Onofrio, A., Crawford, J. M., Stewart, E. J., Witt, K., Gavrish, E., Epstein, S., Clardy, J., and Lewis, K. (2010) Siderophores from Neighboring Organisms Promote the Growth of Uncultured Bacteria Chem. Biol. 17, 254-264 10.1016/j.chembiol.2010.02.010
61. Kunze, B., Bedorf, N., Kohl, W., Hofle, G., and Reichenbach, H. (1989) Myxochelin A, a new iron-chelating compound from Angiococcus disciformis (Myxobacterales). Production, isolation, physico-chemical and biological properties J. Antibiot. 42, 14-17 10.7164/antibiotics.42.14
62. Miyanaga, S., Obata, T., Onaka, H., Fujita, T., Saito, N., Sakurai, H., Saiki, I., Furumai, T., and Igarashi, Y. (2006) Absolute Configuration and Antitumor Activity of Myxochelin A Produced by Nonomuraea pusilla TP-A0861† J. Antibiot. 59, 698-703 10.1038/ja.2006.93
63. Schieferdecker, S., König, S., Koeberle, A., Dahse, H.-M., Werz, O., and Nett, M. (2015) Myxochelins Target Human 5-Lipoxygenase J. Nat. Prod. 78, 335-338 10.1021/np500909b
64. Bull, C. T., Shetty, K. G., and Subbarao, K. V. (2002) Interactions between myxobacteria, plant pathogenic fungi, and biocontrol agents Plant Dis. 86, 889-896 10.1094/PDIS.2002.86.8.889
65. Barajas, J. F., Phelan, R. M., Schaub, A. J., Kliewer, J. T., Kelly, P. J., Jackson, D. R., Luo, R., Keasling, J. D., and Tsai, S.-C. (2015) Comprehensive Structural and Biochemical Analysis of the Terminal Myxalamid Reductase Domain for the Engineered Production of Primary Alcohols Chem. Biol. 22, 1018-1029 10.1016/j.chembiol.2015.06.022
66. Schieferdecker, S., Exner, T. E., Gross, H., Roth, M., and Nett, M. (2014) New myxothiazols from the predatory bacterium Myxococcus fulvus J. Antibiot. 67, 519-525 10.1038/ja.2014.31
67. Clough, J. M. (1993) The strobilurins, oudemansins, and myxothiazols, fungicidal derivatives of β-methoxyacrylic acid Nat. Prod. Rep. 10, 565-574 10.1039/NP9931000565
68. Morgan, A. D., MacLean, R. C., Hillesland, K. L., and Velicer, G. J. (2010) Comparative Analysis of Myxococcus Predation on Soil Bacteria Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 76, 6920-6927 10.1128/AEM.00414-10
69. Muller, S., Strack, S. N., Hoefler, B. C., Straight, P. D., Kearns, D. B., and Kirby, J. R. (2014) Bacillaene and Sporulation Protect Bacillus subtilis from Predation by Myxococcus xanthus Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 80, 5603-5610 10.1128/AEM.01621-14
70. Burmølle, M., Ren, D., Bjarnsholt, T., and Sørensen, S. J. (2014) Interactions in multispecies biofilms: do they actually matter? Trends Microbiol. 22, 84-91 10.1016/j.tim.2013.12.004
71. Muller, S., Strack, S. N., Ryan, S. E., Kearns, D. B., and Kirby, J. R. (2015) Predation by Myxococcus xanthus Induces Bacillus subtilis To Form Spore-Filled Megastructures Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 81, 203-210 10.1128/AEM.02448-14
72. Patel, P. S., HuANG, S., Fisher, S., Pirnik, D., Aklonis, C., Dean, L., Meyers, E., Fernandes, P., and Mayerl, F. (1995) Bacillaene, a novel inhibitor of procaryotic protein synthesis produced by Bacillus subtilis: production, taxonomy, isolation, physico-chemical characterization and biological activity J. Antibiot. 48, 997-1003 10.7164/antibiotics.48.997
73. Wiener, P. (1996) Experimental studies on the ecological role of antibiotic production in bacteria Evol. Ecol. 10, 405-421 10.1007/BF01237726
74. Pérez, J., Muñoz-Dorado, J., Braña, A. F., Shimkets, L. J., Sevillano, L., and Santamaría, R. I. (2011) Myxococcus xanthus induces actinorhodin overproduction and aerial mycelium formation by Streptomyces coelicolor Microb. Biotechnol. 4, 175-183 10.1111/j.1751-7915.2010.00208.x
75. Wegst-Uhrich, S. R., Navarro, D. A., Zimmerman, L., and Aga, D. S. (2014) Assessing antibiotic sorption in soil: a literature review and new case studies on sulfonamides and macrolides Chem. Cent. J. 8, 5 10.1186/1752-153X-8-5
76. Tolls, J. (2001) Sorption of Veterinary Pharmaceuticals in Soils: A Review Environ. Sci. Technol. 35, 3397-3406 10.1021/es0003021
77. Oßwald, C., Zipf, G., Schmidt, G., Maier, J., Bernauer, H. S., Müller, R., and Wenzel, S. C. (2014) Modular Construction of a Functional Artificial Epothilone Polyketide Pathway ACS Synth. Biol. 3, 759-772 10.1021/sb300080t
78. Han, K., Li, Z., Peng, R., Zhu, L., Zhou, T., Wang, L., Li, S., Zhang, X., Hu, W., Wu, Z., Qin, N., and Li, Y. (2013) Extraordinary expansion of a Sorangium cellulosum genome from an alkaline milieu. Sci. Rep. 3, DOI: 10.1038/srep02101.
79. Weissman, K. J. and Müller, R. (2010) Myxobacterial secondary metabolites: bioactivities and modes-of-action Nat. Prod. Rep. 27, 1276 10.1039/c001260m
80. Elnakady, Y. A., Sasse, F., Lünsdorf, H., and Reichenbach, H. (2004) Disorazol A1, a highly effective antimitotic agent acting on tubulin polymerization and inducing apoptosis in mammalian cells Biochem. Pharmacol. 67, 927-935 10.1016/j.bcp.2003.10.029
81. Irschik, H., Jansen, R., Gerth, K., Höfle, G., and Reichenbach, H. (1995) Disorazol A, an efficient inhibitor of eukaryotic organisms isolated from myxobacteria J. Antibiot. 48, 31-35 10.7164/antibiotics.48.31
82. Song, C., Mazzola, M., Cheng, X., Oetjen, J., Alexandrov, T., Dorrestein, P., Watrous, J., van der Voort, M., and Raaijmakers, J. M. (2015) Molecular and chemical dialogues in bacteria-protozoa interactions Sci. Rep. 5, 12837 10.1038/srep12837
83. Jansen, R., Irschik, H., Huch, V., Schummer, D., Steinmetz, H., Bock, M., Schmidt, T., Kirschning, A., and Müller, R. (2010) Carolacton-A Macrolide Ketocarbonic Acid that Reduces Biofilm Formation by the Caries- and Endocarditis-Associated Bacterium Streptococcus mutans Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2010, 1284-1289 10.1002/ejoc.200901126
84. Sudhakar, P., Reck, M., Wang, W., He, F. Q., Dobler, I. W., and Zeng, A.-P. (2014) Construction and verification of the transcriptional regulatory response network of Streptococcus mutans upon treatment with the biofilm inhibitor carolacton BMC Genomics 15, 362 10.1186/1471-2164-15-362
85. Reck, M., Rutz, K., Kunze, B., Tomasch, J., Surapaneni, S. K., Schulz, S., and Wagner-Dobler, I. (2011) The Biofilm Inhibitor Carolacton Disturbs Membrane Integrity and Cell Division of Streptococcus mutans through the Serine/Threonine Protein Kinase PknB J. Bacteriol. 193, 5692-5706 10.1128/JB.05424-11
86. Huss, M., Sasse, F., Kunze, B., Jansen, R., Steinmetz, H., Ingenhorst, G., Zeeck, A., and Wieczorek, H. (2005) Archazolid and apicularen: novel specific V-ATPase inhibitors BMC Biochem. 6, 13 10.1186/1471-2091-6-13
87. Singh, B. N. (1947) Myxobacteria in soils and composts; their distribution, number and lytic action on bacteria J. Gen. Microbiol. 1, 1-10 10.1099/00221287-1-1-1
88. Kubisch, R., Fröhlich, T., Arnold, G. J., Schreiner, L., von Schwarzenberg, K., Roidl, A., Vollmar, A. M., and Wagner, E. (2014) V-ATPase inhibition by archazolid leads to lysosomal dysfunction resulting in impaired cathepsin B activation in vivo: V-ATPase inhibition leads to impaired CTSB activation Int. J. Cancer 134, 2478-2488 10.1002/ijc.28562
89. Dickschat, J. S., Bode, H. B., Mahmud, T., Müller, R., and Schulz, S. (2005) A Novel Type of Geosmin Biosynthesis in Myxobacteria J. Org. Chem. 70, 5174-5182 10.1021/jo050449g
90. Trowitzsch-Kienast, W., Gerth, K., Wray, V., Reichenbach, H., and Höfle, G. (1993) Antibiotika aus Gleitenden Bakterien, LV-Myxochromid A: Ein hochungesättigtes Lipopeptidlacton aus Myxococcus virescens Liebigs Ann. Chem. 1993, 1233-1237 10.1002/jlac.1993199301200
91. Derewacz, D. K., Covington, B. C., McLean, J. A., and Bachmann, B. O. (2015) Mapping Microbial Response Metabolomes for Induced Natural Product Discovery ACS Chem. Biol. 10, 1998-2006 10.1021/acschembio.5b00001
92. Kleigrewe, K., Almaliti, J., Tian, I. Y., Kinnel, R. B., Korobeynikov, A., Monroe, E. A., Duggan, B. M., Di Marzo, V., Sherman, D. H., Dorrestein, P. C., Gerwick, L., and Gerwick, W. H. (2015) Combining Mass Spectrometric Metabolic Profiling with Genomic Analysis: A Powerful Approach for Discovering Natural Products from Cyanobacteria J. Nat. Prod. 78, 1671-1682 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b00301
93. Revermann, O. (2013, June 4) Novel secondary metabolites from myxobacteria and their biosynthetic machinery, Ph.D. dissertation, Universität des Saarlandes.
94. Helynck, G., Dubertret, C., Frechet, D., and Leboul, J. (1998) Isolation of RP 66453, a new secondary peptide metabolite from Streptomyces sp. useful as a lead for neurotensin antagonists J. Antibiot. 51, 512-514 10.7164/antibiotics.51.512
95. Debernard, J.-J., Dubertret, C., Helynck, G., Leboul, J., and Martin, J.-P. (1998, May 5) Intermediates of peptide antagonists of neurotensin US 5747303 A.
96. Gross, L. (2005) Antisocial Behavior in Cooperative Bacteria (or, Why Can't Bacteria Just Get Along?) PLoS Biol. 3, e398 10.1371/journal.pbio.0030398
97. Berleman, J. E. and Kirby, J. R. (2009) Deciphering the hunting strategy of a bacterial wolfpack FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 33, 942-957 10.1111/j.1574-6976.2009.00185.x
98. Cortina, N. S., Revermann, O., Krug, D., and Müller, R. (2011) Identification and Characterization of the Althiomycin Biosynthetic Gene Cluster in Myxococcus xanthus DK897 ChemBioChem 12, 1411-1416 10.1002/cbic.201100154
99. Bois-Choussy, M., Cristau, P., and Zhu, J. (2003) Total Synthesis of an Atropdiastereomer of RP-66453 and Determination of Its Absolute Configuration Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 42, 4238-4241 10.1002/anie.200351996