메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 9, Issue 1, 2016, Pages

Modelling Neglected Tropical Diseases diagnostics: The sensitivity of skin snips for Onchocerca volvulus in near elimination and surveillance settings

Author keywords

Diagnostics; Elimination; Ivermectin; Onchocerciasis; Prevalence; Sensitivity; Skin snips; Surveillance

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ARTICLE; CAMEROON; CHILD; COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS; DIAGNOSTIC TEST; FOLLOW UP; GHANA; GUATEMALA; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MATHEMATICAL MODEL; ONCHOCERCIASIS; PARASITE PREVALENCE; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; SKIN SNIP METHOD; VENEZUELA; ANIMAL; FEMALE; HEALTH SURVEY; ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION; NEGLECTED DISEASES; ONCHOCERCA VOLVULUS; PARASITOLOGY; SKIN;

EID: 84974624180     PISSN: None     EISSN: 17563305     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1605-3     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (25)

References (76)
  • 1
    • 84974642151 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • World Health Organization World Health Organization Geneva Accessed: 22 November 2015
    • World Health Organization. 2012 progress report of WHO/APOC. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2012. Available: http://www.who.int/entity/apoc/publications/2012-progressreport. Accessed: 22 November 2015.
    • (2012) 2012 Progress Report of WHO/APOC
  • 2
    • 84974611797 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • World Health Organization World Health Organization Geneva Accessed: 22 November 2015
    • World Health Organization. 2013 progress report of WHO/APOC. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2013. Available: http://www.who.int/apoc/publications/2013-progressreport. Accessed: 22 November 2015.
    • (2013) 2013 Progress Report of WHO/APOC
  • 4
    • 70449555923 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Feasibility of onchocerciasis elimination with ivermectin treatment in endemic foci in Africa: First evidence from studies in Mali and Senegal
    • e497 19621091 2710500
    • Diawara L, Traoré MO, Badji A, Bissan Y, Doumbia K, Goita SF, et al. Feasibility of onchocerciasis elimination with ivermectin treatment in endemic foci in Africa: first evidence from studies in Mali and Senegal. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2009;3(7), e497.
    • (2009) PLoS Negl Trop Dis , vol.3 , Issue.7
    • Diawara, L.1    Traoré, M.O.2    Badji, A.3    Bissan, Y.4    Doumbia, K.5    Goita, S.F.6
  • 5
    • 84866935338 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proof-of-principle of onchocerciasis elimination with ivermectin treatment in endemic foci in Africa: Final results of a study in Mali and Senegal
    • e1825 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38Xhtl2msb7K 23029586 3441490
    • Traore MO, Sarr MD, Badji A, Bissan Y, Diawara L, Doumbia K, et al. Proof-of-principle of onchocerciasis elimination with ivermectin treatment in endemic foci in Africa: final results of a study in Mali and Senegal. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2012;6(9), e1825.
    • (2012) PLoS Negl Trop Dis , vol.6 , Issue.9
    • Traore, M.O.1    Sarr, M.D.2    Badji, A.3    Bissan, Y.4    Diawara, L.5    Doumbia, K.6
  • 6
    • 84856564960 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of long-term treatment of onchocerciasis with ivermectin in Kaduna State, Nigeria: First evidence of the potential for elimination in the operational area of the African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control
    • 22313631 3296569
    • Tekle AH, Elhassan E, Isiyaku S, Amazigo UV, Bush S, Noma M, et al. Impact of long-term treatment of onchocerciasis with ivermectin in Kaduna State, Nigeria: first evidence of the potential for elimination in the operational area of the African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control. Parasit Vectors. 2012;5:28.
    • (2012) Parasit Vectors , vol.5 , pp. 28
    • Tekle, A.H.1    Elhassan, E.2    Isiyaku, S.3    Amazigo, U.V.4    Bush, S.5    Noma, M.6
  • 8
    • 85014541109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • World Health Organization Bujumbura Accessed: 22 November 2015
    • World Health Organization. Eighteenth Session of the Joint Action Forum JAF18, Bujumbura; 2012. Available: http://www.who.int/entity/apoc/about/structure/jaf/Final-Communique-JAF-18-English-final-with-annexes.pdf. Accessed: 22 November 2015.
    • (2012) Eighteenth Session of the Joint Action Forum JAF18
  • 9
    • 84857944312 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • World Health Organization/Afican Programme for Onchocerciasis Control Accessed: 9 November 2015
    • World Health Organization/Afican Programme for Onchocerciasis Control. Conceptual and operational framework of onchocerciasis elimination with ivermectin treatment; 2010. Available: http://www.who.int/apoc/oncho-elimination-report-english.pdf. Accessed: 9 November 2015.
    • (2010) Conceptual and Operational Framework of Onchocerciasis Elimination with Ivermectin Treatment
  • 11
    • 0018249698 scopus 로고
    • Parasitological diagnosis of onchocerciasis. A critical review of present methods (author's transl)
    • 1:STN:280:DyaE1M7jsVantA%3D%3D Article in French
    • Prost A, Prod'hon J. Parasitological diagnosis of onchocerciasis. A critical review of present methods (author's transl). Med Trop (Mars). 1978;38(5):519-32. Article in French.
    • (1978) Med Trop (Mars) , vol.38 , Issue.5 , pp. 519-532
    • Prost, A.1    Prod'Hon, J.2
  • 12
    • 0017886645 scopus 로고
    • An attempt to normalize the methodology of clinico parasitologic surveys of onchocerciasis in West-Africa (author's transl)
    • 1:STN:280:DyaE1M%2Fnt1aktA%3D%3D Article in French
    • Moreau JP, Prost A, Prod'hon J. An attempt to normalize the methodology of clinico parasitologic surveys of onchocerciasis in West-Africa (author's transl). Med Trop (Mars). 1978;38(1):43-51. Article in French.
    • (1978) Med Trop (Mars) , vol.38 , Issue.1 , pp. 43-51
    • Moreau, J.P.1    Prost, A.2    Prod'Hon, J.3
  • 13
    • 84974635827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control (APOC) World Health Organization/African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control Ouagadougou Available: http://www.who.int/apoc/about/structure/tcc/en/. Accessed: 26 January 2016
    • African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control (APOC). Report of the 39th session of the technical consultative committee (TCC), September 2014. Ouagadougou: World Health Organization/African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control; 2015. Available: http://www.who.int/apoc/about/structure/tcc/en/. Accessed: 26 January 2016.
    • (2015) Report of the 39th Session of the Technical Consultative Committee (TCC), September 2014
  • 15
    • 0033786002 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Topical application of diethylcarbamazine to detect onchocerciasis recrudescence in West Africa
    • 11132381
    • Toè L, Adjami AG, Boatin BA, Back C, Alley ES, Dembele N, et al. Topical application of diethylcarbamazine to detect onchocerciasis recrudescence in West Africa. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2000;94(5):519-25.
    • (2000) Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg , vol.94 , Issue.5 , pp. 519-525
    • Toè, L.1    Adjami, A.G.2    Boatin, B.A.3    Back, C.4    Alley, E.S.5    Dembele, N.6
  • 16
    • 33845749576 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of the diethylcarbamazine patch to evaluate onchocerciasis endemicity in Central Africa
    • 17207156
    • Ozoh G, Boussinesq M, Bissek AC, Kobangue L, Kombila M, Mbina JR, et al. Evaluation of the diethylcarbamazine patch to evaluate onchocerciasis endemicity in Central Africa. Trop Med Int Health. 2007;12(1):123-9.
    • (2007) Trop Med Int Health , vol.12 , Issue.1 , pp. 123-129
    • Ozoh, G.1    Boussinesq, M.2    Bissek, A.C.3    Kobangue, L.4    Kombila, M.5    Mbina, J.R.6
  • 17
  • 18
    • 84943570139 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnosis of O. Volvulus infection via skin exposure to diethylcarbamazine: Clinical evaluation of a transdermal delivery technology-based patch
    • 1:STN:280:DC%2BC28zhtVSntg%3D%3D 26452723 4598973
    • Awadzi K, Opoku NO, Attah SK, Lazdins-Helds JK, Kuesel AC. Diagnosis of O. volvulus infection via skin exposure to diethylcarbamazine: clinical evaluation of a transdermal delivery technology-based patch. Parasit Vectors. 2015;8(1):515.
    • (2015) Parasit Vectors , vol.8 , Issue.1 , pp. 515
    • Awadzi, K.1    Opoku, N.O.2    Attah, S.K.3    Lazdins-Helds, J.K.4    Kuesel, A.C.5
  • 19
    • 84946488374 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnostic tools for onchocerciasis elimination programs
    • Vlaminck J, Fischer PU, Weil GJ. Diagnostic tools for onchocerciasis elimination programs. Trends Parasitol. 2015; doi: 10.1016/j.pt.2015.06.007. [Epub ahead of print].
    • (2015) Trends Parasitol.
    • Vlaminck, J.1    Fischer, P.U.2    Weil, G.J.3
  • 20
    • 0036968301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of Onchocerca volvulus infection in low prevalence areas: A comparison of three diagnostic methods
    • 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3s%2Fktlyhtw%3D%3D 12553573
    • Boatin BA, Toé L, Alley ES, Nagelkerke NJD, Borsboom G, Habbema JDF. Detection of Onchocerca volvulus infection in low prevalence areas: a comparison of three diagnostic methods. Parasitology. 2002;125(6):545-52.
    • (2002) Parasitology , vol.125 , Issue.6 , pp. 545-552
    • Boatin, B.A.1    Toé, L.2    Alley, E.S.3    Nagelkerke, N.J.D.4    Borsboom, G.5    Habbema, J.D.F.6
  • 21
    • 0024450272 scopus 로고
    • Reliability of detection of microfilariae in skin snips in the diagnosis of onchocerciasis
    • 1:STN:280:DyaK3c%2FisVSluw%3D%3D 2802024
    • Taylor HR, Muñoz B, Keyvan-Larijani E, Greene BM. Reliability of detection of microfilariae in skin snips in the diagnosis of onchocerciasis. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1989;41(4):467-71.
    • (1989) Am J Trop Med Hyg , vol.41 , Issue.4 , pp. 467-471
    • Taylor, H.R.1    Muñoz, B.2    Keyvan-Larijani, E.3    Greene, B.M.4
  • 22
    • 84859006846 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A research agenda for helminth diseases of humans: Diagnostics for control and elimination programmes
    • e1601 22545166 3335877
    • McCarthy JS, Lustigman S, Yang G-J, Barakat RM, García HH, Sripa B, et al. A research agenda for helminth diseases of humans: diagnostics for control and elimination programmes. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2012;6(4), e1601.
    • (2012) PLoS Negl Trop Dis , vol.6 , Issue.4
    • McCarthy, J.S.1    Lustigman, S.2    Yang, G.-J.3    Barakat, R.M.4    García, H.H.5    Sripa, B.6
  • 23
    • 0018917986 scopus 로고
    • Parasitological diagnosis of onchocerciasis: Comparison of incubation media and incubation times for skin snips
    • 1:STN:280:DyaL3c7gslWnug%3D%3D 7352625
    • Collins RC, Brandling-Bennett AD, Hollman RB, Campbell CC, Darsie RF. Parasitological diagnosis of onchocerciasis: comparison of incubation media and incubation times for skin snips. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1980;29(1):35-41.
    • (1980) Am J Trop Med Hyg , vol.29 , Issue.1 , pp. 35-41
    • Collins, R.C.1    Brandling-Bennett, A.D.2    Hollman, R.B.3    Campbell, C.C.4    Darsie, R.F.5
  • 24
    • 0026760429 scopus 로고
    • Ivermectin: Reduction in prevalence and infection intensity of Onchocerca volvulus following biannual treatments in five Guatemalan communities
    • 1:STN:280:DyaK38zmslymsg%3D%3D 1503185
    • Collins RC, Gonzales-Peralta C, Castro J, Zea-Flores G, Cupp MS, Richards Jr FO, et al. Ivermectin: reduction in prevalence and infection intensity of Onchocerca volvulus following biannual treatments in five Guatemalan communities. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1992;47(2):156-69.
    • (1992) Am J Trop Med Hyg , vol.47 , Issue.2 , pp. 156-169
    • Collins, R.C.1    Gonzales-Peralta, C.2    Castro, J.3    Zea-Flores, G.4    Cupp, M.S.5    Richards, F.O.6
  • 25
    • 0024268260 scopus 로고
    • The vectoral role of several blackfly species (Diptera: Simuliidae) in relation to human onchocerciasis in the Sierra Parima and Upper Orinoco regions of Venezuela
    • 3256278
    • Basáñez MG, Yarzábal L, Takaoka H, Suzuki H, Noda S, Tada I. The vectoral role of several blackfly species (Diptera: Simuliidae) in relation to human onchocerciasis in the Sierra Parima and Upper Orinoco regions of Venezuela. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 1988;82(6):597-611.
    • (1988) Ann Trop Med Parasitol , vol.82 , Issue.6 , pp. 597-611
    • Basáñez, M.G.1    Yarzábal, L.2    Takaoka, H.3    Suzuki, H.4    Noda, S.5    Tada, I.6
  • 26
    • 0016343389 scopus 로고
    • An evaluation of skin snip techniques used in the quantitative assessment of microfilarial densities of Onchocerca volvulus
    • 1:STN:280:DyaE28%2FgtFGmtg%3D%3D 4549504 2366323
    • Kale OO, Bammeke AO, Ayeni O. An evaluation of skin snip techniques used in the quantitative assessment of microfilarial densities of Onchocerca volvulus. Bull World Health Organ. 1974;51(5):547-9.
    • (1974) Bull World Health Organ , vol.51 , Issue.5 , pp. 547-549
    • Kale, O.O.1    Bammeke, A.O.2    Ayeni, O.3
  • 27
    • 0018933471 scopus 로고
    • The chemotherapy of onchocerciasis V. A standard method for the determination of microfilarial density in skin snips
    • 1:STN:280:DyaL3c3ktFSnsw%3D%3D 6249226
    • Awadzi K, Roulet H, Bell DR. The chemotherapy of onchocerciasis V. A standard method for the determination of microfilarial density in skin snips. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 1980;74(3):363-6.
    • (1980) Ann Trop Med Parasitol , vol.74 , Issue.3 , pp. 363-366
    • Awadzi, K.1    Roulet, H.2    Bell, D.R.3
  • 28
    • 0023021917 scopus 로고
    • Periodic reproduction of Onchocerca volvulus
    • 1:STN:280:DC%2BD2cvpvVWitg%3D%3D 15462735
    • Schulz-Key H, Karam M. Periodic reproduction of Onchocerca volvulus. Parasitology Today. 1986;2(10):284-6.
    • (1986) Parasitology Today , vol.2 , Issue.10 , pp. 284-286
    • Schulz-Key, H.1    Karam, M.2
  • 30
    • 0033658818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parasitological indicators of onchocerciasis relevant to ivermectin control programmes in the Amazonian focus of Southern Venezuela
    • 11128804
    • Vivas-Martínez S, Basáñez MG, Botto C, Villegas L, García M, Curtis CF. Parasitological indicators of onchocerciasis relevant to ivermectin control programmes in the Amazonian focus of Southern Venezuela. Parasitology. 2000;121(5):527-34.
    • (2000) Parasitology , vol.121 , Issue.5 , pp. 527-534
    • Vivas-Martínez, S.1    Basáñez, M.G.2    Botto, C.3    Villegas, L.4    García, M.5    Curtis, C.F.6
  • 31
    • 0032439646 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Onchocerciasis in the Amazonian focus of southern Venezuela: Altitude and blackfly species composition as predictors of endemicity to select communities for ivermectin control programmes
    • 10326102
    • Vivas-Martínez S, Basáñez MG, Grillet ME, Weiss H, Botto C, García M, et al. Onchocerciasis in the Amazonian focus of southern Venezuela: altitude and blackfly species composition as predictors of endemicity to select communities for ivermectin control programmes. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1998;92(6):613-20.
    • (1998) Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg , vol.92 , Issue.6 , pp. 613-620
    • Vivas-Martínez, S.1    Basáñez, M.G.2    Grillet, M.E.3    Weiss, H.4    Botto, C.5    García, M.6
  • 32
    • 0033652024 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amazonian onchocerciasis: Parasitological profiles by host-age, sex, and endemicity in southern Venezuela
    • 11128803
    • Vivas-Martínez S, Basáñez MG, Botto C, Rojas S, García M, Pacheco M, et al. Amazonian onchocerciasis: parasitological profiles by host-age, sex, and endemicity in southern Venezuela. Parasitology. 2000;121(5):513-25.
    • (2000) Parasitology , vol.121 , Issue.5 , pp. 513-525
    • Vivas-Martínez, S.1    Basáñez, M.G.2    Botto, C.3    Rojas, S.4    García, M.5    Pacheco, M.6
  • 33
    • 84903471480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized, single-ascending-dose, ivermectin-controlled, double-blind study of moxidectin in Onchocerca volvulus infection
    • e2953 24968000 4072596
    • Awadzi K, Opoku NO, Attah SK, Lazdins-Helds J, Kuesel AC. A randomized, single-ascending-dose, ivermectin-controlled, double-blind study of moxidectin in Onchocerca volvulus infection. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2014;8(6), e2953.
    • (2014) PLoS Negl Trop Dis , vol.8 , Issue.6
    • Awadzi, K.1    Opoku, N.O.2    Attah, S.K.3    Lazdins-Helds, J.4    Kuesel, A.C.5
  • 34
    • 0036262990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential cytokine and antibody responses to adult and larval stages of Onchocerca volvulus consistent with the development of concomitant immunity
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XktFGit7w%3D 12010965 127981
    • MacDonald AJ, Turaga PS, Harmon-Brown C, Tierney TJ, Bennett KE, McCarthy MC, et al. Differential cytokine and antibody responses to adult and larval stages of Onchocerca volvulus consistent with the development of concomitant immunity. Infect Immun. 2002;70(6):2796-804.
    • (2002) Infect Immun , vol.70 , Issue.6 , pp. 2796-2804
    • MacDonald, A.J.1    Turaga, P.S.2    Harmon-Brown, C.3    Tierney, T.J.4    Bennett, K.E.5    McCarthy, M.C.6
  • 35
    • 0026656303 scopus 로고
    • The effects of repetitive community-wide ivermectin treatment on transmission of Onchocerca volvulus in Guatemala
    • 1:STN:280:DyaK38zmslymsw%3D%3D 1503186
    • Cupp EW, Ochoa JO, Collins RC, Cupp MS, Gonzales-Peralta C, Castro J, et al. The effects of repetitive community-wide ivermectin treatment on transmission of Onchocerca volvulus in Guatemala. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1992;47(2):170-80.
    • (1992) Am J Trop Med Hyg , vol.47 , Issue.2 , pp. 170-180
    • Cupp, E.W.1    Ochoa, J.O.2    Collins, R.C.3    Cupp, M.S.4    Gonzales-Peralta, C.5    Castro, J.6
  • 36
    • 0019492624 scopus 로고
    • Onchocerciasis in Guatemala. Epidemiology in fincas with various intensities of infection
    • 1:STN:280:DyaL38%2FitFKisw%3D%3D 6974510
    • Brandling-Bennett AD, Anderson J, Fuglsang H, Collins R. Onchocerciasis in Guatemala. Epidemiology in fincas with various intensities of infection. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1981;30(5):970-81.
    • (1981) Am J Trop Med Hyg , vol.30 , Issue.5 , pp. 970-981
    • Brandling-Bennett, A.D.1    Anderson, J.2    Fuglsang, H.3    Collins, R.4
  • 37
    • 0006870253 scopus 로고
    • Onchocerciasis in the Sierra Parima and Upper Orinoco regions, Federal Territory of Amazonas, Venezuela
    • M.J. Miller E.J. Love (eds) CRC Press Florida
    • Basáñez MG, Yarzábal L. Onchocerciasis in the Sierra Parima and Upper Orinoco regions, Federal Territory of Amazonas, Venezuela. In: Miller MJ, Love EJ, editors. Parasitic Diseases: Treatment and Control. Florida: CRC Press; 1989. p. 231-56.
    • (1989) Parasitic Diseases: Treatment and Control , pp. 231-256
    • Basáñez, M.G.1    Yarzábal, L.2
  • 38
    • 0027156879 scopus 로고
    • The population dynamics of Onchocerca volvulus in the human host
    • 1:STN:280:DyaK3sznslSjug%3D%3D 8367667
    • Duke BOL. The population dynamics of Onchocerca volvulus in the human host. Trop Med Parasitol. 1993;44(2):61-8.
    • (1993) Trop Med Parasitol , vol.44 , Issue.2 , pp. 61-68
    • Duke, B.O.L.1
  • 41
    • 84876872489 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Uncertainty surrounding projections of the long-term impact of ivermectin treatment on human onchocerciasis
    • e2169 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXnsFaitb0%3D 23634234 3636241
    • Turner HC, Churcher TS, Walker M, Osei-Atweneboana MY, Prichard RK, Basáñez MG. Uncertainty surrounding projections of the long-term impact of ivermectin treatment on human onchocerciasis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2013;7(4), e2169.
    • (2013) PLoS Negl Trop Dis , vol.7 , Issue.4
    • Turner, H.C.1    Churcher, T.S.2    Walker, M.3    Osei-Atweneboana, M.Y.4    Prichard, R.K.5    Basáñez, M.G.6
  • 42
    • 84920155954 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elimination of African onchocerciasis: Modeling the impact of increasing the frequency of ivermectin mass treatment
    • e115886 25545677 4278850
    • Coffeng LE, Stolk WA, Hoerauf A, Habbema D, Bakker R, Hopkins AD, et al. Elimination of African onchocerciasis: modeling the impact of increasing the frequency of ivermectin mass treatment. PLoS One. 2014;9(12), e115886.
    • (2014) PLoS One , vol.9 , Issue.12
    • Coffeng, L.E.1    Stolk, W.A.2    Hoerauf, A.3    Habbema, D.4    Bakker, R.5    Hopkins, A.D.6
  • 43
    • 56249116973 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rates of microfilarial production by Onchocerca volvulus are not cumulatively reduced by multiple ivermectin treatments
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXhtlKmtrbE 18831801
    • Bottomley C, Isham V, Collins RC, Basáñez MG. Rates of microfilarial production by Onchocerca volvulus are not cumulatively reduced by multiple ivermectin treatments. Parasitology. 2008;135(13):1571-81.
    • (2008) Parasitology , vol.135 , Issue.13 , pp. 1571-1581
    • Bottomley, C.1    Isham, V.2    Collins, R.C.3    Basáñez, M.G.4
  • 44
    • 0013549555 scopus 로고
    • Stochastic models of populations of helminthic parasites in the definitive host
    • Tallis GM, Leyton M. Stochastic models of populations of helminthic parasites in the definitive host. I. Math Biosci. 1969;4(1-2):39-48.
    • (1969) I. Math Biosci , vol.4 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 39-48
    • Tallis, G.M.1    Leyton, M.2
  • 45
    • 84965256492 scopus 로고
    • Distribution of microfilariae of O. Volvulus in the skin; Its relation to the skin changes and to eye lesions and blindness
    • 1:STN:280:DyaG2M%2FgtFyiuw%3D%3D 13190240 2079088
    • Kershaw WE, Duke BOL, Budden FH. Distribution of microfilariae of O. volvulus in the skin; its relation to the skin changes and to eye lesions and blindness. Br Med J. 1954;2(4890):724-9.
    • (1954) Br Med J , vol.2 , Issue.4890 , pp. 724-729
    • Kershaw, W.E.1    Duke, B.O.L.2    Budden, F.H.3
  • 46
    • 0034921431 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A stochastic model for the aggregation of Onchocerca volvulus in nodules
    • 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3MvmsFKksQ%3D%3D 11510685
    • Duerr HP, Dietz K, Büttner DW, Schulz-Key H. A stochastic model for the aggregation of Onchocerca volvulus in nodules. Parasitology. 2001;123(2):193-201.
    • (2001) Parasitology , vol.123 , Issue.2 , pp. 193-201
    • Duerr, H.P.1    Dietz, K.2    Büttner, D.W.3    Schulz-Key, H.4
  • 48
    • 1542358695 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationships between the burden of adult parasites, host age and the microfilarial density in human onchocerciasis
    • 1:STN:280:DC%2BD2c7it1KrsA%3D%3D 15013736
    • Duerr HP, Dietz K, Schulz-Key H, Büttner DW, Eichner M. The relationships between the burden of adult parasites, host age and the microfilarial density in human onchocerciasis. Int J Parasitol. 2004;34(4):463-73.
    • (2004) Int J Parasitol , vol.34 , Issue.4 , pp. 463-473
    • Duerr, H.P.1    Dietz, K.2    Schulz-Key, H.3    Büttner, D.W.4    Eichner, M.5
  • 49
    • 0029036524 scopus 로고
    • Irreversible effects of ivermectin on adult parasites in onchocerciasis patients in the Onchocerciasis Control Programme in West Africa
    • 1:STN:280:DyaK2MzhvVGhtg%3D%3D 7797912
    • Plaisier AP, Alley ES, Boatin BA, Van Oortmarssen GJ, Remme H, De Vlas SJ, et al. Irreversible effects of ivermectin on adult parasites in onchocerciasis patients in the Onchocerciasis Control Programme in West Africa. J Infect Dis. 1995;172(1):204-10.
    • (1995) J Infect Dis , vol.172 , Issue.1 , pp. 204-210
    • Plaisier, A.P.1    Alley, E.S.2    Boatin, B.A.3    Van Oortmarssen, G.J.4    Remme, H.5    De Vlas, S.J.6
  • 51
    • 0029992542 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Viability and fertility of adult Onchocerca volvulus after 6 years of treatment with ivermectin
    • 8911442
    • Kläger SL, Whitworth JAG, Downham MD. Viability and fertility of adult Onchocerca volvulus after 6 years of treatment with ivermectin. Trop Med Int Health. 1996;1(5):581-9.
    • (1996) Trop Med Int Health , vol.1 , Issue.5 , pp. 581-589
    • Kläger, S.L.1    Whitworth, J.A.G.2    Downham, M.D.3
  • 52
    • 0037142981 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of standard and high doses of ivermectin on adult worms of Onchocerca volvulus: A randomised controlled trial
    • Demanga-Ngangue 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XlsVOmt7Y%3D 12133654
    • Gardon J, Boussinesq M, Kamgno J, Gardon-Wendel N, Demanga-Ngangue, Duke BOL. Effects of standard and high doses of ivermectin on adult worms of Onchocerca volvulus: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2002;360(9328):203-10.
    • (2002) Lancet , vol.360 , Issue.9328 , pp. 203-210
    • Gardon, J.1    Boussinesq, M.2    Kamgno, J.3    Gardon-Wendel, N.4    Duke, B.O.L.5
  • 53
    • 84874786546 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamics of Onchocerca volvulus microfilarial densities after ivermectin treatment in an ivermectin-naïve and a multiply treated population from Cameroon
    • e2084 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXktlSktrw%3D 23469307 3585010
    • Pion SDS, Nana-Djeunga HC, Kamgno J, Tendongfor N, Wanji S, Njiokou F, et al. Dynamics of Onchocerca volvulus microfilarial densities after ivermectin treatment in an ivermectin-naïve and a multiply treated population from Cameroon. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2013;7(2), e2084.
    • (2013) PLoS Negl Trop Dis , vol.7 , Issue.2
    • Pion, S.D.S.1    Nana-Djeunga, H.C.2    Kamgno, J.3    Tendongfor, N.4    Wanji, S.5    Njiokou, F.6
  • 54
    • 84902118155 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modelling the impact of ivermectin on River Blindness and its burden of morbidity and mortality in African savannah: EpiOncho projections
    • 24886747 4037555
    • Turner HC, Walker M, Churcher TS, Basáñez MG. Modelling the impact of ivermectin on River Blindness and its burden of morbidity and mortality in African savannah: EpiOncho projections. Parasit Vectors. 2014;7:241.
    • (2014) Parasit Vectors , vol.7 , pp. 241
    • Turner, H.C.1    Walker, M.2    Churcher, T.S.3    Basáñez, M.G.4
  • 55
    • 84945187293 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Required duration of mass ivermectin treatment for onchocerciasis elimination in Africa: A comparative modelling analysis
    • 26489937 4618738
    • Stolk WA, Walker M, Coffeng LE, Basáñez MG, de Vlas SJ. Required duration of mass ivermectin treatment for onchocerciasis elimination in Africa: a comparative modelling analysis. Parasit Vectors. 2015;8(1):552.
    • (2015) Parasit Vectors , vol.8 , Issue.1 , pp. 552
    • Stolk, W.A.1    Walker, M.2    Coffeng, L.E.3    Basáñez, M.G.4    De Vlas, S.J.5
  • 56
    • 0026023124 scopus 로고
    • The reproductive lifespan of Onchocerca volvulus in West African savanna
    • 1:STN:280:DyaK3M3jtlyqtw%3D%3D 1674401
    • Plaisier AP, van Oortmarssen GJ, Remme J, Habbema JD. The reproductive lifespan of Onchocerca volvulus in West African savanna. Acta Trop. 1991;48(4):271-84.
    • (1991) Acta Trop , vol.48 , Issue.4 , pp. 271-284
    • Plaisier, A.P.1    Van Oortmarssen, G.J.2    Remme, J.3    Habbema, J.D.4
  • 57
    • 0024025127 scopus 로고
    • Forest and savanna onchocerciasis: Comparative morphometric histopathology of skin lesions
    • 1:STN:280:DyaL1M%2FhvV2rsQ%3D%3D 3175464
    • Vuong PN, Bain O, Cabaret J, Petit G, Prod'hon J, Ranque P, et al. Forest and savanna onchocerciasis: comparative morphometric histopathology of skin lesions. Trop Med Parasitol. 1988;39(2):105-10.
    • (1988) Trop Med Parasitol , vol.39 , Issue.2 , pp. 105-110
    • Vuong, P.N.1    Bain, O.2    Cabaret, J.3    Petit, G.4    Prod'Hon, J.5    Ranque, P.6
  • 58
    • 84964313551 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reaching the London Declaration on Neglected Tropical Diseases goals for onchocerciasis: An economic evaluation of increasing the frequency of ivermectin treatment in Africa
    • 24944228 4166981
    • Turner HC, Walker M, Churcher TS, Osei-Atweneboana MY, Biritwum NK, Hopkins A, et al. Reaching the London Declaration on Neglected Tropical Diseases goals for onchocerciasis: an economic evaluation of increasing the frequency of ivermectin treatment in Africa. Clin Infect Dis. 2014;59(7):923-32.
    • (2014) Clin Infect Dis , vol.59 , Issue.7 , pp. 923-932
    • Turner, H.C.1    Walker, M.2    Churcher, T.S.3    Osei-Atweneboana, M.Y.4    Biritwum, N.K.5    Hopkins, A.6
  • 59
    • 84974636475 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • World Health Organization/African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control WHO/MG/15.21 Accessed 25 January 2016
    • World Health Organization/African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control. Guidelines for revising ivermectin treatment boundaries within the context of onchocerciasis elimination. 2015. WHO/MG/15.21. Available: http://www.who.int/apoc/ATS-Report-Annex1-APOC-Guidelines-for-revising-IVM-Tx-boundaries.pdf. Accessed 25 January 2016.
    • (2015) Guidelines for Revising Ivermectin Treatment Boundaries Within the Context of Onchocerciasis Elimination
  • 60
    • 0020988852 scopus 로고
    • The distribution of the microfilariae of Onchocerca volvulus in the different body regions in relation to the attacking behaviour of Simulium damnosum s.l. in the Sudan savanna of northern Cameroon
    • 1:STN:280:DyaL2c7it1Gjtw%3D%3D 6665826
    • Renz A, Wenk P. The distribution of the microfilariae of Onchocerca volvulus in the different body regions in relation to the attacking behaviour of Simulium damnosum s.l. in the Sudan savanna of northern Cameroon. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1983;77(6):748-52.
    • (1983) Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg , vol.77 , Issue.6 , pp. 748-752
    • Renz, A.1    Wenk, P.2
  • 61
    • 61849096677 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Onchocerca-Simulium interactions and the population and evolutionary biology of Onchocerca volvulus
    • 19289198
    • Basáñez MG, Churcher TS, Grillet ME. Onchocerca-Simulium interactions and the population and evolutionary biology of Onchocerca volvulus. Adv Parasitol. 2009;68:263-313.
    • (2009) Adv Parasitol , vol.68 , pp. 263-313
    • Basáñez, M.G.1    Churcher, T.S.2    Grillet, M.E.3
  • 62
    • 0031953808 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Three probable cases of Loa loa encephalopathy following ivermectin treatment for onchocerciasis
    • 1:STN:280:DyaK1c3jtl2rsg%3D%3D 9574793
    • Boussinesq M, Gardon J, Gardon-Wendel N, Kamgno J, Ngoumou P, Chippaux JP. Three probable cases of Loa loa encephalopathy following ivermectin treatment for onchocerciasis. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1998;58(4):461-9.
    • (1998) Am J Trop Med Hyg , vol.58 , Issue.4 , pp. 461-469
    • Boussinesq, M.1    Gardon, J.2    Gardon-Wendel, N.3    Kamgno, J.4    Ngoumou, P.5    Chippaux, J.P.6
  • 63
    • 0034910291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationships between the prevalence and intensity of Loa loa infection in the Central province of Cameroon
    • 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3MvktFChtg%3D%3D 11487371
    • Boussinesq M, Gardon J, Kamgno J, Pion SDS, Gardon-Wendel N, Chippaux JP. Relationships between the prevalence and intensity of Loa loa infection in the Central province of Cameroon. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 2001;95(5):495-507.
    • (2001) Ann Trop Med Parasitol , vol.95 , Issue.5 , pp. 495-507
    • Boussinesq, M.1    Gardon, J.2    Kamgno, J.3    Pion, S.D.S.4    Gardon-Wendel, N.5    Chippaux, J.P.6
  • 65
    • 84928975448 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Point-of-care quantification of blood-borne filarial parasites with a mobile phone microscope
    • 25947164
    • D'Ambrosio MV, Bakalar M, Bennuru S, Reber C, Skandarajah A, Nilsson L, et al. Point-of-care quantification of blood-borne filarial parasites with a mobile phone microscope. Sci Transl Med. 2015;7(286):286re4.
    • (2015) Sci Transl Med , vol.7 , Issue.286 , pp. 286re4
    • D'Ambrosio, M.V.1    Bakalar, M.2    Bennuru, S.3    Reber, C.4    Skandarajah, A.5    Nilsson, L.6
  • 66
    • 84927920504 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Situation analysis of parasitological and entomological indices of onchocerciasis transmission in three drainage basins of the rain forest of South West Cameroon after a decade of ivermectin treatment
    • 25886166 4393872
    • Wanji S, Kengne-Ouafo JA, Esum ME, Chounna PW, Tendongfor N, Adzemye BF, et al. Situation analysis of parasitological and entomological indices of onchocerciasis transmission in three drainage basins of the rain forest of South West Cameroon after a decade of ivermectin treatment. Parasit Vectors. 2015;8:202.
    • (2015) Parasit Vectors , vol.8 , pp. 202
    • Wanji, S.1    Kengne-Ouafo, J.A.2    Esum, M.E.3    Chounna, P.W.4    Tendongfor, N.5    Adzemye, B.F.6
  • 67
    • 84891846369 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anti-Wolbachia drug discovery and development: Safe macrofilaricides for onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2cXjt1Cisg%3D%3D 23866958
    • Taylor MJ, Hoerauf A, Townson S, Slatko BE, Ward SA. Anti-Wolbachia drug discovery and development: safe macrofilaricides for onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis. Parasitology. 2014;141(1):119-27.
    • (2014) Parasitology , vol.141 , Issue.1 , pp. 119-127
    • Taylor, M.J.1    Hoerauf, A.2    Townson, S.3    Slatko, B.E.4    Ward, S.A.5
  • 68
    • 84935521711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Doxycycline leads to sterility and enhanced killing of female Onchocerca volvulus worms in an area with persistent microfilaridermia after repeated ivermectin treatment: A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial
    • 25948064 4518165
    • Debrah AY, Specht S, Klarmann-Schulz U, Batsa L, Mand S, Marfo-Debrekyei Y, et al. Doxycycline leads to sterility and enhanced killing of female Onchocerca volvulus worms in an area with persistent microfilaridermia after repeated ivermectin treatment: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial. Clin Infect Dis. 2015;61(4):517-26.
    • (2015) Clin Infect Dis , vol.61 , Issue.4 , pp. 517-526
    • Debrah, A.Y.1    Specht, S.2    Klarmann-Schulz, U.3    Batsa, L.4    Mand, S.5    Marfo-Debrekyei, Y.6
  • 69
    • 84926646741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Therapeutic efficacy and macrofilaricidal activity of doxycycline for the treatment of river blindness
    • 25537873
    • Walker M, Specht S, Churcher TS, Hoerauf A, Taylor MJ, Basáñez MG. Therapeutic efficacy and macrofilaricidal activity of doxycycline for the treatment of river blindness. Clin Infect Dis. 2015;60(8):1199-207.
    • (2015) Clin Infect Dis , vol.60 , Issue.8 , pp. 1199-1207
    • Walker, M.1    Specht, S.2    Churcher, T.S.3    Hoerauf, A.4    Taylor, M.J.5    Basáñez, M.G.6
  • 70
    • 0023740751 scopus 로고
    • The use of a topical Mazzotti test in the diagnosis of onchocerciasis
    • 1:STN:280:DyaL1M%2FlvVCmtg%3D%3D 3194667
    • Kilian HD. The use of a topical Mazzotti test in the diagnosis of onchocerciasis. Trop Med Parasitol. 1988;39(3):235-8.
    • (1988) Trop Med Parasitol , vol.39 , Issue.3 , pp. 235-238
    • Kilian, H.D.1
  • 71
    • 0023183812 scopus 로고
    • The use of diethylcarbamazine cream in the diagnosis of onchocerciasis
    • 1:STN:280:DyaL2szhvFeqtw%3D%3D 3629138
    • Newland HS, Kaiser A, Taylor HR. The use of diethylcarbamazine cream in the diagnosis of onchocerciasis. Trop Med Parasitol. 1987;38(2):143-4.
    • (1987) Trop Med Parasitol , vol.38 , Issue.2 , pp. 143-144
    • Newland, H.S.1    Kaiser, A.2    Taylor, H.R.3
  • 72
    • 0021351521 scopus 로고
    • A diagnostic patch test for onchocerciasis using topical diethylcarbamazine
    • 1:STN:280:DyaL2c3nsFCqug%3D%3D 6464117
    • Stingl P, Ross M, Gibson DW, Ribas J, Connor DH. A diagnostic patch test for onchocerciasis using topical diethylcarbamazine. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1984;78(2):254-8.
    • (1984) Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg , vol.78 , Issue.2 , pp. 254-258
    • Stingl, P.1    Ross, M.2    Gibson, D.W.3    Ribas, J.4    Connor, D.H.5
  • 73
    • 0029915622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular approaches to the diagnosis of onchocerciasis
    • 1:STN:280:DyaK2s%2FjsF2msg%3D%3D 8881598
    • Bradley JE, Unnasch TR. Molecular approaches to the diagnosis of onchocerciasis. Adv Parasitol. 1996;37:57-106.
    • (1996) Adv Parasitol , vol.37 , pp. 57-106
    • Bradley, J.E.1    Unnasch, T.R.2
  • 74
    • 0025811292 scopus 로고
    • An immunogenic Onchocerca volvulus antigen: A specific and early marker of infection
    • 1:STN:280:DyaK3M7ovValsg%3D%3D 2011741
    • Lobos E, Weiss N, Karam M, Taylor HR, Ottesen EA, Nutman TB. An immunogenic Onchocerca volvulus antigen: a specific and early marker of infection. Science. 1991;251(5001):1603-5.
    • (1991) Science , vol.251 , Issue.5001 , pp. 1603-1605
    • Lobos, E.1    Weiss, N.2    Karam, M.3    Taylor, H.R.4    Ottesen, E.A.5    Nutman, T.B.6
  • 76
    • 0034101003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of newer tests for the diagnosis of onchocerciasis
    • 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3czktlartg%3D%3D 10884870
    • Vincent JA, Lustigman S, Zhang S, Weil GJ. A comparison of newer tests for the diagnosis of onchocerciasis. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 2000;94(3):253-8.
    • (2000) Ann Trop Med Parasitol , vol.94 , Issue.3 , pp. 253-258
    • Vincent, J.A.1    Lustigman, S.2    Zhang, S.3    Weil, G.J.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.