메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 7, Issue 2, 2013, Pages

Dynamics of Onchocerca volvulus Microfilarial Densities after Ivermectin Treatment in an Ivermectin-naïve and a Multiply Treated Population from Cameroon

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

HOST FACTOR; IVERMECTIN;

EID: 84874786546     PISSN: 19352727     EISSN: 19352735     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002084     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (42)

References (48)
  • 1
    • 80054863218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Onchocerciasis in the Americas: from arrival to (near) elimination
    • doi:10.1186/1756-3305-4-205
    • Gustavsen K, Hopkins A, Sauerbrey M, (2011) Onchocerciasis in the Americas: from arrival to (near) elimination. Parasit Vectors 4: 205 doi:10.1186/1756-3305-4-205.
    • (2011) Parasit Vectors , vol.4 , pp. 205
    • Gustavsen, K.1    Hopkins, A.2    Sauerbrey, M.3
  • 2
    • 70449555923 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Feasibility of onchocerciasis elimination with ivermectin treatment in endemic foci in Africa: first evidence from studies in Mali and Senegal
    • doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0000497.t005
    • Diawara L, Traoré MO, Badji A, Bissan Y, Doumbia K, et al. (2009) Feasibility of onchocerciasis elimination with ivermectin treatment in endemic foci in Africa: first evidence from studies in Mali and Senegal. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 3: e497 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0000497.t005.
    • (2009) PLoS Negl Trop Dis , vol.3
    • Diawara, L.1    Traoré, M.O.2    Badji, A.3    Bissan, Y.4    Doumbia, K.5
  • 3
    • 84856564960 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of long-term treatment of onchocerciasis with ivermectin in Kaduna State, Nigeria: first evidence of the potential for elimination in the operational area of the African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control
    • doi:10.1186/1756-3305-5-28
    • Tekle A, Elhassan E, Isiyaku S, Amazigo UV, Bush S, et al. (2012) Impact of long-term treatment of onchocerciasis with ivermectin in Kaduna State, Nigeria: first evidence of the potential for elimination in the operational area of the African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control. Parasit Vectors 5: 28 doi:10.1186/1756-3305-5-28.
    • (2012) Parasit Vectors , vol.5 , pp. 28
    • Tekle, A.1    Elhassan, E.2    Isiyaku, S.3    Amazigo, U.V.4    Bush, S.5
  • 4
    • 42949105579 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of single-dose ivermectin on Onchocerca volvulus: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    • doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(08)70099-9
    • Basáñez M-G, Pion SD, Boakes E, Filipe JA, Churcher TS, et al. (2008) Effect of single-dose ivermectin on Onchocerca volvulus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Infect Dis 8: 310-322 doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(08)70099-9.
    • (2008) Lancet Infect Dis , vol.8 , pp. 310-322
    • Basáñez, M.-G.1    Pion, S.D.2    Boakes, E.3    Filipe, J.A.4    Churcher, T.S.5
  • 5
    • 0036801051 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunocompetence may be important in the effectiveness of Mectizan (ivermectin) in the treatment of human onchocerciasis
    • Ali MM, Mukhtar MM, Baraka OZ, Homeida MM, Kheir MM, et al. (2002) Immunocompetence may be important in the effectiveness of Mectizan (ivermectin) in the treatment of human onchocerciasis. Acta Trop 84: 49-53.
    • (2002) Acta Trop , vol.84 , pp. 49-53
    • Ali, M.M.1    Mukhtar, M.M.2    Baraka, O.Z.3    Homeida, M.M.4    Kheir, M.M.5
  • 6
    • 0025077998 scopus 로고
    • Observations on the reproductive biology of Onchocerca volvulus
    • Schulz-Key H, (1990) Observations on the reproductive biology of Onchocerca volvulus. Acta Leiden 59: 27-44.
    • (1990) Acta Leiden , vol.59 , pp. 27-44
    • Schulz-Key, H.1
  • 7
    • 84856398682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control: meeting of national task forces, September 2011
    • World Health Organization
    • World Health Organization (2011) African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control: meeting of national task forces, September 2011. Wkly Epidemiol Rec 86: 541-549.
    • (2011) Wkly Epidemiol Rec , vol.86 , pp. 541-549
  • 9
    • 2342556620 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An investigation of persistent microfilaridermias despite multiple treatments with ivermectin, in two onchocerciasis-endemic foci in Ghana
    • doi:10.1179/000349804225003253
    • Awadzi K, Boakye DA, Edwards G, Opoku NO, Attah SK, et al. (2004) An investigation of persistent microfilaridermias despite multiple treatments with ivermectin, in two onchocerciasis-endemic foci in Ghana. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 98: 231-249 doi:10.1179/000349804225003253.
    • (2004) Ann Trop Med Parasitol , vol.98 , pp. 231-249
    • Awadzi, K.1    Boakye, D.A.2    Edwards, G.3    Opoku, N.O.4    Attah, S.K.5
  • 10
    • 3142552362 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thirty-month follow-up of sub-optimal responders to multiple treatments with ivermectin, in two onchocerciasis-endemic foci in Ghana
    • doi:10.1179/000349804225003442
    • Awadzi K, Attah S, Addy E, Opoku N, Quartey B, et al. (2004) Thirty-month follow-up of sub-optimal responders to multiple treatments with ivermectin, in two onchocerciasis-endemic foci in Ghana. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 98: 359-370 doi:10.1179/000349804225003442.
    • (2004) Ann Trop Med Parasitol , vol.98 , pp. 359-370
    • Awadzi, K.1    Attah, S.2    Addy, E.3    Opoku, N.4    Quartey, B.5
  • 11
    • 34250196496 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence and intensity of Onchocerca volvulus infection and efficacy of ivermectin in endemic communities in Ghana: a two-phase epidemiological study
    • Osei-Atweneboana MY, Eng JK, Boakye DA, Gyapong JO, Prichard RK, (2007) Prevalence and intensity of Onchocerca volvulus infection and efficacy of ivermectin in endemic communities in Ghana: a two-phase epidemiological study. Lancet 369: 2021-2029.
    • (2007) Lancet , vol.369 , pp. 2021-2029
    • Osei-Atweneboana, M.Y.1    Eng, J.K.2    Boakye, D.A.3    Gyapong, J.O.4    Prichard, R.K.5
  • 12
    • 79953802440 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phenotypic evidence of emerging ivermectin resistance in Onchocerca volvulus
    • doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0000998.t007
    • Osei-Atweneboana MY, Awadzi K, Attah SK, Boakye DA, Gyapong JO, et al. (2011) Phenotypic evidence of emerging ivermectin resistance in Onchocerca volvulus. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 5: e998 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0000998.t007.
    • (2011) PLoS Negl Trop Dis , vol.5
    • Osei-Atweneboana, M.Y.1    Awadzi, K.2    Attah, S.K.3    Boakye, D.A.4    Gyapong, J.O.5
  • 13
    • 0024270535 scopus 로고
    • The collagenase technique: how to isolate and examine adult Onchocerca volvulus for the evaluation of drug effects
    • Schulz-Key H, (1988) The collagenase technique: how to isolate and examine adult Onchocerca volvulus for the evaluation of drug effects. Trop Med Par 39 Suppl 4: 423-440.
    • (1988) Trop Med Par , vol.39 , Issue.SUPPL. 4 , pp. 423-440
    • Schulz-Key, H.1
  • 14
    • 35648951781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduced genetic variation of an Onchocerca volvulus ABC transporter gene following treatment with ivermectin
    • doi:10.1016/j.trstmh.2005.03.019
    • Ardelli BF, Prichard RK, (2007) Reduced genetic variation of an Onchocerca volvulus ABC transporter gene following treatment with ivermectin. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 101: 1223-1232 doi:10.1016/j.trstmh.2005.03.019.
    • (2007) Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg , vol.101 , pp. 1223-1232
    • Ardelli, B.F.1    Prichard, R.K.2
  • 15
    • 22844449116 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genomic organization and effects of ivermectin selection on Onchocerca volvulus P-glycoprotein
    • doi:10.1016/j.molbiopara.2005.05.006
    • Ardelli BF, Guerriero SB, Prichard RK, (2005) Genomic organization and effects of ivermectin selection on Onchocerca volvulus P-glycoprotein. Mol Biochem Parasitol 143: 58-66 doi:10.1016/j.molbiopara.2005.05.006.
    • (2005) Mol Biochem Parasitol , vol.143 , pp. 58-66
    • Ardelli, B.F.1    Guerriero, S.B.2    Prichard, R.K.3
  • 16
    • 33644868408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ivermectin imposes selection pressure on P-glycoprotein from Onchocerca volvulus: linkage disequilibrium and genotype diversity
    • doi:10.1017/S0031182005008991
    • Ardelli BF, Guerriero SB, Prichard RK, (2005) Ivermectin imposes selection pressure on P-glycoprotein from Onchocerca volvulus: linkage disequilibrium and genotype diversity. Parasitology 132: 375 doi:10.1017/S0031182005008991.
    • (2005) Parasitology , vol.132 , pp. 375
    • Ardelli, B.F.1    Guerriero, S.B.2    Prichard, R.K.3
  • 17
    • 28044444352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of a half-size ATP-binding cassette transporter gene which may be a useful marker for ivermectin selection in Onchocerca volvulus
    • doi:10.1016/j.molbiopara.2005.09.011
    • Ardelli BF, Guerriero SB, Prichard RK, (2006) Characterization of a half-size ATP-binding cassette transporter gene which may be a useful marker for ivermectin selection in Onchocerca volvulus. Mol Biochem Parasitol 145: 94-100 doi:10.1016/j.molbiopara.2005.09.011.
    • (2006) Mol Biochem Parasitol , vol.145 , pp. 94-100
    • Ardelli, B.F.1    Guerriero, S.B.2    Prichard, R.K.3
  • 18
    • 35448929972 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic selection of low fertile Onchocerca volvulus by ivermectin treatment
    • doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0000072
    • Bourguinat C, Pion SD, Kamgno J, Gardon J, Duke BO, et al. (2007) Genetic selection of low fertile Onchocerca volvulus by ivermectin treatment. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 1: e72 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0000072.
    • (2007) PLoS Negl Trop Dis , vol.1
    • Bourguinat, C.1    Pion, S.D.2    Kamgno, J.3    Gardon, J.4    Duke, B.O.5
  • 19
    • 39149093966 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • P-glycoprotein-like protein, a possible genetic marker for ivermectin resistance selection in Onchocerca volvulus
    • doi:10.1016/j.molbiopara.2007.11.017
    • Bourguinat C, Ardelli BF, Pion SD, Kamgno J, Gardon J, et al. (2008) P-glycoprotein-like protein, a possible genetic marker for ivermectin resistance selection in Onchocerca volvulus. Mol Biochem Parasitol 158: 101-111 doi:10.1016/j.molbiopara.2007.11.017.
    • (2008) Mol Biochem Parasitol , vol.158 , pp. 101-111
    • Bourguinat, C.1    Ardelli, B.F.2    Pion, S.D.3    Kamgno, J.4    Gardon, J.5
  • 20
    • 20644432213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of genetic polymorphism in populations of Onchocerca volvulus from untreated- and ivermectin-treated patients
    • doi:10.1016/j.molbiopara.2005.01.021
    • Eng JK, Prichard RK, (2005) A comparison of genetic polymorphism in populations of Onchocerca volvulus from untreated- and ivermectin-treated patients. Mol Biochem Parasitol 142: 193-202 doi:10.1016/j.molbiopara.2005.01.021.
    • (2005) Mol Biochem Parasitol , vol.142 , pp. 193-202
    • Eng, J.K.1    Prichard, R.K.2
  • 21
    • 33751190281 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ivermectin selection on β-tubulin: evidence in Onchocerca volvulus and Haemonchus contortus
    • doi:10.1016/j.molbiopara.2006.08.007
    • Eng JK, Blackhall WJ, Osei-Atweneboana MY, Bourguinat C, Galazzo D, et al. (2006) Ivermectin selection on β-tubulin: evidence in Onchocerca volvulus and Haemonchus contortus. Mol Biochem Parasitol 150: 229-235 doi:10.1016/j.molbiopara.2006.08.007.
    • (2006) Mol Biochem Parasitol , vol.150 , pp. 229-235
    • Eng, J.K.1    Blackhall, W.J.2    Osei-Atweneboana, M.Y.3    Bourguinat, C.4    Galazzo, D.5
  • 22
    • 79960556216 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gene expression changes in a P-glycoprotein (Tci-pgp-9) putatively associated with ivermectin resistance in Teladorsagia circumcincta
    • doi:10.1016/j.ijpara.2011.03.015
    • Dicker AJ, Nisbet AJ, Skuce PJ, (2011) Gene expression changes in a P-glycoprotein (Tci-pgp-9) putatively associated with ivermectin resistance in Teladorsagia circumcincta. Int J Parasitol 41: 935-942 doi:10.1016/j.ijpara.2011.03.015.
    • (2011) Int J Parasitol , vol.41 , pp. 935-942
    • Dicker, A.J.1    Nisbet, A.J.2    Skuce, P.J.3
  • 23
    • 80054694509 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Candidate anthelmintic resistance-associated gene expression and sequence polymorphisms in a triple-resistant field isolate of Haemonchus contortus
    • doi:10.1016/j.molbiopara.2011.09.003
    • Williamson SM, Storey B, Howell S, Harper KM, Kaplan RM, et al. (2011) Candidate anthelmintic resistance-associated gene expression and sequence polymorphisms in a triple-resistant field isolate of Haemonchus contortus. Mol Biochem Parasitol 180: 99-105 doi:10.1016/j.molbiopara.2011.09.003.
    • (2011) Mol Biochem Parasitol , vol.180 , pp. 99-105
    • Williamson, S.M.1    Storey, B.2    Howell, S.3    Harper, K.M.4    Kaplan, R.M.5
  • 24
    • 0037142981 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of standard and high doses of ivermectin on adult worms of Onchocerca volvulus: a randomised controlled trial
    • doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(02)09456-4
    • Gardon J, Boussinesq M, Kamgno J, Gardon-Wendel N, Demanga-Ngangue, et al, (2002) Effects of standard and high doses of ivermectin on adult worms of Onchocerca volvulus: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 360: 203-210 doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(02)09456-4.
    • (2002) Lancet , vol.360 , pp. 203-210
    • Gardon, J.1    Boussinesq, M.2    Kamgno, J.3    Gardon-Wendel, N.4    Demanga-Ngangue5
  • 25
    • 0017886645 scopus 로고
    • Essai de normalisation de la méthodologie des enquêtes clinico-parasitologiques sur l'onchocercose en Afrique de l'ouest
    • Moreau J, Prost A, Prod'hon J, (1978) Essai de normalisation de la méthodologie des enquêtes clinico-parasitologiques sur l'onchocercose en Afrique de l'ouest. Med Trop (Mars) 38: 43-51.
    • (1978) Med Trop (Mars) , vol.38 , pp. 43-51
    • Moreau, J.1    Prost, A.2    Prod'hon, J.3
  • 26
    • 0018933471 scopus 로고
    • The chemotherapy of onchocerciasis V. A standard method for the determination of microfilarial density in skin snips
    • Awadzi K, Roulet H, Bell DR, (1980) The chemotherapy of onchocerciasis V. A standard method for the determination of microfilarial density in skin snips. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 74: 363-366.
    • (1980) Ann Trop Med Parasitol , vol.74 , pp. 363-366
    • Awadzi, K.1    Roulet, H.2    Bell, D.R.3
  • 27
    • 80054033652 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Individual host factors associated with Onchocerca volvulus microfilarial densities 15, 80 and 180 days after a first dose of ivermectin
    • doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2010.05.004
    • Pion SD, Grout L, Kamgno J, Nana-Djeunga H, Boussinesq M, (2011) Individual host factors associated with Onchocerca volvulus microfilarial densities 15, 80 and 180 days after a first dose of ivermectin. Acta Trop 120: S91-S99 doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2010.05.004.
    • (2011) Acta Trop , vol.120
    • Pion, S.D.1    Grout, L.2    Kamgno, J.3    Nana-Djeunga, H.4    Boussinesq, M.5
  • 28
    • 70349734663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identifying sub-optimal responses to ivermectin in the treatment of River Blindness
    • doi:10.1073/pnas.0906176106
    • Churcher TS, Pion SD, Osei-Atweneboana MY, Prichard RK, Awadzi K, et al. (2009) Identifying sub-optimal responses to ivermectin in the treatment of River Blindness. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 106: 16716-16721 doi:10.1073/pnas.0906176106.
    • (2009) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.106 , pp. 16716-16721
    • Churcher, T.S.1    Pion, S.D.2    Osei-Atweneboana, M.Y.3    Prichard, R.K.4    Awadzi, K.5
  • 29
    • 0033918632 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A note on robust variance estimation for cluster-correlated data
    • Williams RL, (2000) A note on robust variance estimation for cluster-correlated data. Biometrics 56: 645-646.
    • (2000) Biometrics , vol.56 , pp. 645-646
    • Williams, R.L.1
  • 30
    • 84874774092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stata: Release 12
    • StataCorp
    • StataCorp (2012) Stata: Release 12. Stata Press pp. 2324-2329.
    • (2012) Stata Press , pp. 2324-2329
  • 31
    • 84874771361 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stata Longitudinal-Data/Panel-Data Reference Manual Release 12
    • StataCorp
    • StataCorp (2011) Stata Longitudinal-Data/Panel-Data Reference Manual Release 12. Stata Press pp. 19-22.
    • (2011) Stata Press , pp. 19-22
  • 32
    • 0024273447 scopus 로고
    • Diagnosis and extirpation of nodules in human onchocerciasis
    • Albiez EJ, Büttner DW, Duke BO, (1988) Diagnosis and extirpation of nodules in human onchocerciasis. Trop Med Parasitol 39 Suppl 4: 331-346.
    • (1988) Trop Med Parasitol , vol.39 , Issue.SUPPL. 4 , pp. 331-346
    • Albiez, E.J.1    Büttner, D.W.2    Duke, B.O.3
  • 33
    • 0034979271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Studies on the macrofilarial population of Onchocerca volvulus in hyper-endemic villages of the Central province of Cameroon
    • doi:10.1080/00034980120064337
    • Boussinesq M, Gardon J, Kamgno J, Demanga-Ngangue, Pion SD, et al. (2001) Studies on the macrofilarial population of Onchocerca volvulus in hyper-endemic villages of the Central province of Cameroon. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 95: 379-388 doi:10.1080/00034980120064337.
    • (2001) Ann Trop Med Parasitol , vol.95 , pp. 379-388
    • Boussinesq, M.1    Gardon, J.2    Kamgno, J.3    Demanga-Ngangue4    Pion, S.D.5
  • 34
    • 77955544051 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ivermectin and Onchocerca volvulus: comparison of embryogrammes of adult worms collected from naive and multi-treated patients
    • Boussinesq M, Bourguinat C, Nana-Djeunga H, Pions SD, Kamgno J, et al. (2009) Ivermectin and Onchocerca volvulus: comparison of embryogrammes of adult worms collected from naive and multi-treated patients. Trop Med Int Health 14: 172.
    • (2009) Trop Med Int Health , vol.14 , pp. 172
    • Boussinesq, M.1    Bourguinat, C.2    Nana-Djeunga, H.3    Pions, S.D.4    Kamgno, J.5
  • 35
    • 0029036524 scopus 로고
    • Irreversible effects of ivermectin on adult parasites in onchocerciasis patients in the Onchocerciasis Control Programme in West Africa
    • doi:10.1093/infdis/172.1.204
    • Plaisier AP, Soumbey-Alley E, Boatin BA, Van Oortmarssen GJ, Remme H, et al. (1995) Irreversible effects of ivermectin on adult parasites in onchocerciasis patients in the Onchocerciasis Control Programme in West Africa. J Infect Dis 172: 204-210 doi:10.1093/infdis/172.1.204.
    • (1995) J Infect Dis , vol.172 , pp. 204-210
    • Plaisier, A.P.1    Soumbey-Alley, E.2    Boatin, B.A.3    Van Oortmarssen, G.J.4    Remme, H.5
  • 36
    • 56249116973 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rates of microfilarial production by Onchocerca volvulus are not cumulatively reduced by multiple ivermectin treatments
    • doi:10.1017/S0031182008000425
    • Bottomley C, Isham V, Collins RC, Basáñez M-G, (2008) Rates of microfilarial production by Onchocerca volvulus are not cumulatively reduced by multiple ivermectin treatments. Parasitology 135: 1571-1581 doi:10.1017/S0031182008000425.
    • (2008) Parasitology , vol.135 , pp. 1571-1581
    • Bottomley, C.1    Isham, V.2    Collins, R.C.3    Basáñez, M.-G.4
  • 37
    • 0034921431 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A stochastic model for the aggregation of Onchocerca volvulus in nodules
    • Duerr HP, Dietz K, Büttner DW, Schulz-Key H, (2001) A stochastic model for the aggregation of Onchocerca volvulus in nodules. Parasitology 123: 193-201.
    • (2001) Parasitology , vol.123 , pp. 193-201
    • Duerr, H.P.1    Dietz, K.2    Büttner, D.W.3    Schulz-Key, H.4
  • 38
    • 34648846859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of ivermectin against Onchocerca volvulus in Ghana
    • doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61505-0
    • Burnham G, (2007) Efficacy of ivermectin against Onchocerca volvulus in Ghana. Lancet 370: 1125 doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61505-0.
    • (2007) Lancet , vol.370 , pp. 1125
    • Burnham, G.1
  • 39
    • 34648846864 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of ivermectin against Onchocerca volvulus in Ghana
    • doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61501-3
    • Cupp E, Richards F, Lammie P, Eberhard M, (2007) Efficacy of ivermectin against Onchocerca volvulus in Ghana. Lancet 370: 1123 doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61501-3.
    • (2007) Lancet , vol.370 , pp. 1123
    • Cupp, E.1    Richards, F.2    Lammie, P.3    Eberhard, M.4
  • 40
    • 34250182767 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Control of onchocerciasis-the next generation
    • doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60923-4
    • Hotez PJ, (2007) Control of onchocerciasis-the next generation. Lancet 369: 1979-1980 doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60923-4.
    • (2007) Lancet , vol.369 , pp. 1979-1980
    • Hotez, P.J.1
  • 41
    • 34648846864 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of ivermectin against Onchocerca volvulus in Ghana
    • doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61503-7
    • Mackenzie CD, (2007) Efficacy of ivermectin against Onchocerca volvulus in Ghana. Lancet 370: 1123-1124 doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61503-7.
    • (2007) Lancet , vol.370 , pp. 1123-1124
    • Mackenzie, C.D.1
  • 42
    • 34648837451 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of ivermectin against Onchocerca volvulus in Ghana
    • doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61503-7
    • Remme JH, Amazigo U, Engels D, Barryson A, Yameogo L, (2007) Efficacy of ivermectin against Onchocerca volvulus in Ghana. The Lancet 370: 1123-1124 doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61503-7.
    • (2007) The Lancet , vol.370 , pp. 1123-1124
    • Remme, J.H.1    Amazigo, U.2    Engels, D.3    Barryson, A.4    Yameogo, L.5
  • 43
    • 2442694080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A longitudinal study of impact of repeated mass ivermectin treatment on clinical manifestations of onchocerciasis in Imo State, Nigeria
    • Emukah EC, Osuoha E, Miri ES, Onyenama J, Amazigo U, et al. (2004) A longitudinal study of impact of repeated mass ivermectin treatment on clinical manifestations of onchocerciasis in Imo State, Nigeria. Am J Trop Med Hyg 70: 556-561.
    • (2004) Am J Trop Med Hyg , vol.70 , pp. 556-561
    • Emukah, E.C.1    Osuoha, E.2    Miri, E.S.3    Onyenama, J.4    Amazigo, U.5
  • 44
    • 79958852543 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control: impact on onchocercal skin disease
    • doi:10.1111/j.1365-3156.2011.02783.x
    • Ozoh GA, Murdoch ME, Bissek A-C, Hagan M, Ogbuagu K, et al. (2011) The African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control: impact on onchocercal skin disease. Trop Med Int Health 16: 875-883 doi:10.1111/j.1365-3156.2011.02783.x.
    • (2011) Trop Med Int Health , vol.16 , pp. 875-883
    • Ozoh, G.A.1    Murdoch, M.E.2    Bissek, A.-C.3    Hagan, M.4    Ogbuagu, K.5
  • 45
    • 38049043986 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnostic value of nodule palpation in onchocerciasis
    • Duerr HP, Raddatz G, Eichner M, (2008) Diagnostic value of nodule palpation in onchocerciasis. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 102: 148-154.
    • (2008) Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg , vol.102 , pp. 148-154
    • Duerr, H.P.1    Raddatz, G.2    Eichner, M.3
  • 46
    • 79952707180 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Control of onchocerciasis in Africa: Threshold shifts, breakpoints and rules for elimination
    • doi:10.1016/j.ijpara.2010.12.009
    • Duerr HP, Raddatz G, Eichner M, (2011) Control of onchocerciasis in Africa: Threshold shifts, breakpoints and rules for elimination. Int J Parasitol 41: 581-589 doi:10.1016/j.ijpara.2010.12.009.
    • (2011) Int J Parasitol , vol.41 , pp. 581-589
    • Duerr, H.P.1    Raddatz, G.2    Eichner, M.3
  • 47
    • 0028067284 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HLA-D alleles associated with generalized disease, localized disease, and putative immunity in Onchocerca volvulus infection
    • Meyer CG, Gallin M, Erttmann KD, Brattig NW, Schnittger L, et al. (2008) HLA-D alleles associated with generalized disease, localized disease, and putative immunity in Onchocerca volvulus infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 91: 7515-7519.
    • (2008) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.91 , pp. 7515-7519
    • Meyer, C.G.1    Gallin, M.2    Erttmann, K.D.3    Brattig, N.W.4    Schnittger, L.5
  • 48
    • 48749098503 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human genetic resistance to Onchocerca volvulus: evidence for linkage to chromosome 2p from an autosome-wide scan
    • doi:10.1086/589720
    • Timmann C, Kamp EV, Kleensang A, König IR, Thye T, et al. (2008) Human genetic resistance to Onchocerca volvulus: evidence for linkage to chromosome 2p from an autosome-wide scan. J Infect Dis 198: 427-433 doi:10.1086/589720.
    • (2008) J Infect Dis , vol.198 , pp. 427-433
    • Timmann, C.1    Kamp, E.V.2    Kleensang, A.3    König, I.R.4    Thye, T.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.