The proteome of native adult Müller glial cells from Murine retina

Molecular and Cellular Proteomics

Volumn 15, Issue 2, 2016, Pages 462-480

  Grosche, Antje ^a   Hauser, Alexandra ^a   Lepper, Marlen Franziska ^b   Mayo, Rebecca ^a   Von Toerne, Christine ^b   Merl Pham, Juliane ^b   Hauck, Stefanie M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF REGENSBURG   (Germany)

^b INSTITUTE OF EPIDEMIOLOGY   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANNEXIN; ANTIOXIDANT; ARYLDIALKYLPHOSPHATASE 2; BIOLOGICAL MARKER; ENZYME; FOCAL ADHESION KINASE; HYDROGEN PEROXIDE; NEUROTRANSMITTER; PEROXIREDOXIN 1; PEROXIREDOXIN 4; PEROXIREDOXIN 6; PROTEOME; REACTIVE OXYGEN METABOLITE; MESSENGER RNA;

ADULT; ANIMAL CELL; ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL TISSUE; ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY; ARTICLE; CELL RESPIRATION; CONTROLLED STUDY; GLIA CELL; MOUSE; MUELLER CELL; NONHUMAN; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PHOTORECEPTOR; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN ANALYSIS; REAL TIME POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; RETINA; RETINA CELL; RNA PROCESSING; SECOND MESSENGER; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; ANIMAL; ASTROCYTE; BIOSYNTHESIS; CELL PROLIFERATION; CELL SEPARATION; GENE EXPRESSION PROFILING; GENETICS; GLIA; HUMAN; MACROGLIA; METABOLISM; MICROGLIA; PATHOLOGY; PROTEOMICS;

ANIMALS; ASTROCYTES; CELL PROLIFERATION; CELL SEPARATION; EPENDYMOGLIAL CELLS; GENE EXPRESSION PROFILING; HUMANS; MICE; MICROGLIA; NEUROGLIA; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PROTEOME; PROTEOMICS; RNA, MESSENGER; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION;

EID: 84957900695     PISSN: 15359476     EISSN: 15359484     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1074/mcp.M115.052183     Document Type: Article

References (82)

1. Shen, W., Fruttiger, M., Zhu, L., Chung, S. H., Barnett, N. L., Kirk, J. K., Lee, S., Coorey, N. J., Killingsworth, M., Sherman, L. S., and Gillies, M. C. (2012) Conditional Mullercell ablation causes independent neuronal and vascular pathologies in a novel transgenic model. J. Neurosci. 32, 15715-15727
2. Pannicke, T., Frommherz, I., Biedermann, B., Wagner, L., Sauer, K., Ulbricht, E., Hartig, W., Krugel, U., Ueberham, U., Arendt, T., Illes, P., Bringmann, A., Reichenbach, A., and Grosche, A. (2014) Differential effects of P2Y1 deletion on glial activation and survival of photoreceptors and amacrine cells in the ischemic mouse retina. Cell Death Disease 5, e1353
3. Pannicke, T., Iandiev, I., Uckermann, O., Biedermann, B., Kutzera, F., Wiedemann, P., Wolburg, H., Reichenbach, A., and Bringmann, A. (2004) A potassium channel-linked mechanism of glial cell swelling in the postischemic retina. Mol. Cell. Neurosci. 26, 493-502
4. Wurm, A., Pannicke, T., Iandiev, I., Wiedemann, P., Reichenbach, A., and Bringmann, A. (2006) The developmental expression of Kchannels in retinal glial cells is associated with a decrease of osmotic cell swelling. Glia 54, 411-423
5. Bringmann, A., Iandiev, I., Pannicke, T., Wurm, A., Hollborn, M., Wiedemann, P., Osborne, N. N., and Reichenbach, A. (2009) Cellular signaling and factors involved in Muller cell gliosis: neuroprotective and detrimental effects. Prog. Retin. Eye Re.s 28, 423-451
6. Bringmann, A., Pannicke, T., Grosche, J., Francke, M., Wiedemann, P., Skatchkov, S. N., Osborne, N. N., and Reichenbach, A. (2006) Muller cells in the healthy and diseased retina. Prog. Retin. Eye Res. 25, 397-424
7. Hauck, S. M., von Toerne, C., and Ueffing, M. (2014) The neuroprotective potential of retinal Muller glial cells. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 801, 381-387
8. Ethen, C. M., Reilly, C., Feng, X., Olsen, T. W., and Ferrington, D. A. (2006) The proteome of central and peripheral retina with progression of age-related macular degeneration. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 47, 2280-2290
9. Kim, S. J., Jin, J., Kim, Y. J., Kim, Y., and Yu, H. G. (2012) Retinal proteome analysis in a mouse model of oxygen-induced retinopathy. J. Proteome Res. 11, 5186-5203
10. Ly, A., Scheerer, M. F., Zukunft, S., Muschet, C., Merl, J., Adamski, J., de Angelis, M. H., Neschen, S., Hauck, S. M., and Ueffing, M. (2014) Retinal proteome alterations in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 57, 192-203
11. Zhang, P., Dufresne, C., Turner, R., Ferri, S., Venkatraman, V., Karani, R., Lutty, G. A., Van Eyk, J. E., and Semba, R. D. (2015) The proteome of human retina. Proteomics 15, 836-840
12. Jeon, C. J., Strettoi, E., and Masland, R. H. (1998) The major cell populations of the mouse retina. J. Neurosci. 18, 8936-8946
13. Roesch, K., Jadhav, A. P., Trimarchi, J. M., Stadler, M. B., Roska, B., Sun, B. B., and Cepko, C. L. (2008) The transcriptome of retinal Muller glial cells. J. Comp. Neurol. 509, 225-238
14. Xue, W., Cojocaru, R. I., Dudley, V. J., Brooks, M., Swaroop, A., and Sarthy, V. P. (2011) Ciliary neurotrophic factor induces genes associated with inflammation and gliosis in the retina: A gene profiling study of flowsorted, Muller cells. PLoS ONE 6, e20326
15. Hauck, S. M., Suppmann, S., and Ueffing, M. (2003) Proteomic profiling of primary retinal Muller glia cells reveals a shift in expression patterns upon adaptation to in vitro conditions. Glia 44, 251-263
16. Merl, J., Ueffing, M., Hauck, S. M., and von Toerne, C. (2012) Direct comparison of MS-based label-free and SILAC quantitative proteome profiling strategies in primary retinal Muller cells. Proteomics 12, 1902-1911
17. Zeng, Y., Ramya, T. N., Dirksen, A., Dawson, P. E., and Paulson, J. C. (2009) High-efficiency labeling of sialylated glycoproteins on living cells. Nat. Methods 6, 207-209
18. Uhl, P. B., Szober, C. M., Amann, B., Alge-Priglinger, C., Ueffing, M., Hauck, S. M., and Deeg, C. A. (2014) In situ cell surface proteomics reveals differentially expressed membrane proteins in retinal pigment epithelial cells during autoimmune uveitis. J. Proteomics 109, 50-62
19. Graessel, A., Hauck, S. M., von Toerne, C., Kloppmann, E., Goldberg, T., Koppensteiner, H., Schindler, M., Knapp, B., Krause, L., Dietz, K., Schmidt-Weber, C. B., and Suttner, K. (2015) A combined omics approach to generate the surface atlas of human naive CD4 T cells during early TCR activation. Mol. Cell. Proteomics.14, 2085-2102
20. Wisniewski, J. R., Zougman, A., Nagaraj, N., and Mann, M. (2009) Universal sample preparation method for proteome analysis. Nat. Methods 6, 359-362
21. Kulak, N. A., Pichler, G., Paron, I., Nagaraj, N., and Mann, M. (2014) Minimal, encapsulated proteomic-sample processing applied to copynumber estimation in eukaryotic cells. Nat. Methods 11, 319-324
22. Merl, J., Deeg, C. A., Swadzba, M. E., Ueffing, M., and Hauck, S. M. (2013) Identification of autoantigens in body fluids by combining pull-downs and organic precipitations of intact immune complexes with quantitative label-free mass spectrometry. J. Proteome Res. 12, 5656-5665
23. Hauck, S. M., Dietter, J., Kramer, R. L., Hofmaier, F., Zipplies, J. K., Amann, B., Feuchtinger, A., Deeg, C. A., and Ueffing, M. (2010) Deciphering membrane-Associated molecular processes in target tissue of autoimmune uveitis by label-free quantitative mass spectrometry. Mol. Cell. Proteomics 9, 2292-2305
24. Vizcaino, J. A., Deutsch, E. W., Wang, R., Csordas, A., Reisinger, F., Rios, D., Dianes, J. A., Sun, Z., Farrah, T., Bandeira, N., Binz, P. A., Xenarios, I., Eisenacher, M., Mayer, G., Gatto, L., Campos, A., Chalkley, R. J., Kraus, H. J., Albar, J. P., Martinez-Bartolome, S., Apweiler, R., Omenn, G. S., Martens, L., Jones, A. R., and Hermjakob, H. (2014) ProteomeXchange provides globally coordinated proteomics data submission and dissemination. Nat. Biotechnol. 32, 223-226
25. Kall, L., Krogh, A., and Sonnhammer, E. L. (2004) A combined transmembrane topology and signal peptide prediction method. J. Mol. Biol. 338, 1027-1036
26. Kall, L., Krogh, A., and Sonnhammer, E. L. (2007) Advantages of combined transmembrane topology and signal peptide prediction-The Phobius web server. Nucleic Acids Res. 35, W429-432
27. McArthur, S., Cristante, E., Paterno, M., Christian, H., Roncaroli, F., Gillies, G. E., and Solito, E. (2010) Annexin A1: A central player in the anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective role of microglia. J. Immunol. 185, 6317-6328
28. Ji, K., Miyauchi, J., and Tsirka, S. E. Microglia: An active player in the regulation of synaptic activity. Neural Plasticity 2013:627325, 2013
29. Siao, C. J., and Tsirka, S. E. (2002) Tissue plasminogen activator mediates microglial activation via its finger domain through annexin II. J. Neurosci. 22, 3352-3358
30. Phelan, S. A., Wang, X., Wallbrandt, P., Forsman-Semb, K., and Paigen, B. (2003) Overexpression of Prdx6 reduces H2O2 but does not prevent diet-induced atherosclerosis in the aortic root. Free Radical Biol. Med. 35, 1110-1120
31. Wang, Y., Feinstein, S. I., and Fisher, A. B. (2008) Peroxiredoxin 6 as an antioxidant enzyme: protection of lung alveolar epithelial type II cells from H2O2-induced oxidative stress. J. Cell. Biochem. 104, 1274-1285
32. Jungblut, M., Tiveron, M. C., Barral, S., Abrahamsen, B., Knobel, S., Pennartz, S., Schmitz, J., Perraut, M., Pfrieger, F. W., Stoffel, W., Cremer, H., and Bosio, A. (2012) Isolation and characterization of living primary astroglial cells using the new GLAST-specific monoclonal antibody ACSA-1. Glia 60, 894-907
33. Sun, W., McConnell, E., Pare, J. F., Xu, Q., Chen, M., Peng, W., Lovatt, D., Han, X., Smith, Y., and Nedergaard, M. (2013) Glutamate-dependent neuroglial calcium signaling differs between young and adult brain. Science 339, 197-200
34. Grosche, A., and Reichenbach, A. (2013) Neuroscience. Developmental refining of neuroglial signaling? Science 339, 152-153
35. Wurm, A., Erdmann, I., Bringmann, A., Reichenbach, A., and Pannicke, T. (2009) Expression and function of P2Y receptors on Muller cells of the postnatal rat retina. Glia 57, 1680-1690
36. Limb, G. A., Salt, T. E., Munro, P. M., Moss, S. E., and Khaw, P. T. (2002) In vitro characterization of a spontaneously immortalized human Muller cell line (MIO-M1). Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 43, 864-869
37. von Toerne, C., Menzler, J., Ly, A., Senninger, N., Ueffing, M., and Hauck, S. M. (2014) Identification of a novel neurotrophic factor from primary retinal Muller cells using stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC). Mol. Cell. Proteomics 13, 2371-2381
38. Roesch, K., Stadler, M. B., and Cepko, C. L. (2012) Gene expression changes within Muller glial cells in retinitis pigmentosa. Mol. Vis. 18, 1197-1214
39. Rojas, B., Gallego, B. I., Ramirez, A. I., Salazar, J. J., de Hoz, R., Valiente-Soriano, F. J., Aviles-Trigueros, M., Villegas-Perez, M. P., Vidal-Sanz, M., Trivino, A., and Ramirez, J. M. (2014) Microglia in mouse retina contralateral to experimental glaucoma exhibit multiple signs of activation in all retinal layers. J. Neuroinflamm. 11, 133
40. Hauck, S. M., Hofmaier, F., Dietter, J., Swadzba, M. E., Blindert, M., Amann, B., Behler, J., Kremmer, E., Ueffing, M., and Deeg, C. A. (2012) Label-free LC-MSMS analysis of vitreous from autoimmune uveitis reveals a significant decrease in secreted Wnt signalling inhibitors DKK3 and SFRP2. J. Proteomics 75, 4545-4554
41. Masland, R. H. (2001) The fundamental plan of the retina. Nat. Neurosci. 4, 877-886
42. Keilhauer, E. C., Hein, M. Y., and Mann, M. (2015) Accurate protein complex retrieval by affinity enrichment mass spectrometry (AE-MS) rather than affinity purification mass spectrometry (AP-MS). Mol. Cell. Proteomics 14, 120-135
43. Bausch-Fluck, D., Hofmann, A., Bock, T., Frei, A. P., Cerciello, F., Jacobs, A., Moest, H., Omasits, U., Gundry, R. L., Yoon, C., Schiess, R., Schmidt, A., Mirkowska, P., Hartlova, A., Van Eyk, J. E., Bourquin, J. P., Aebersold, R., Boheler, K. R., Zandstra, P., and Wollscheid, B. (2015) A mass spectrometric-derived cell surface protein atlas. PLoS ONE 10, e0121314
44. Newman, E. A. (2005) Calcium increases in retinal glial cells evoked by light-induced neuronal activity. J. Neurosci. 25, 5502-5510
45. Metea, M. R., and Newman, E. A. (2006) Calcium signaling in specialized glial cells. Glia 54, 650-655
46. Rillich, K., Gentsch, J., Reichenbach, A., Bringmann, A., and Weick, M. (2009) Light stimulation evokes two different calcium responses in Muller glial cells of the guinea pig retina. Eur. J.Neurosci. 29, 1165-1176
47. Mishra, A., Hamid, A., and Newman, E. A. (2011) Oxygen modulation of neurovascular coupling in the retina. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 108, 17827-17831
48. Reichenbach, A., and Bringmann, A. (2010) Müller Cells in the Healthy and Diseased Retina, Springer New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London.
49. Huveneers, S., and Danen, E. H. (2009) Adhesion signaling-crosstalk between integrins, Src and Rho. J. Cell Sci. 122, 1059-1069
50. Wurm, A., Pannicke, T., Wiedemann, P., Reichenbach, A., and Bringmann, A. (2008) Glial cell-derived glutamate mediates autocrine cell volume regulation in the retina: Activation by VEGF. J. Neurochem. 104, 386-399
51. Krugel, K., Wurm, A., Linnertz, R., Pannicke, T., Wiedemann, P., Reichenbach, A., and Bringmann, A. (2010) Erythropoietin inhibits osmotic swelling of retinal glial cells by Janus kinase-And extracellular signal-regulated kinases1/2-mediated release of vascular endothelial growth factor. Neuroscience 165, 1147-1158
52. Garcia, T. B., Pannicke, T., Vogler, S., Berk, B. A., Grosche, A., Wiedemann, P., Seeger, J., Reichenbach, A., Herculano, A. M., and Bringmann, A. (2014) Nerve growth factor inhibits osmotic swelling of rat retinal glial (Muller) and bipolar cells by inducing glial cytokine release. J. Neurochem. 131, 303-313
53. Bringmann, A., Grosche, A., Pannicke, T., and Reichenbach, A. (2013) GABA and Glutamate Uptake and Metabolism in Retinal Glial (Muller) Cells. Frontiers Endocrinol. 4, 48
54. Barbour, B., Brew, H., and Attwell, D. (1991) Electrogenic uptake of glutamate and aspartate into glial cells isolated from the salamander (Ambystoma) retina. J. Physiol. 436, 169-193
55. Biedermann, B., Eberhardt, W., and Reichelt, W. (1994) GABA uptake into isolated retinal Muller glial cells of the guinea-pig detected electrophysiologically. Neuroreport 5, 438-440
56. Bringmann, A., and Wiedemann, P. (2012) Muller Glial Cells in Retinal Disease. Ophthalmologica 227, 1-19
57. Hauck, S. M., Gloeckner, C. J., Harley, M. E., Schoeffmann, S., Boldt, K., Ekstrom, P. A., and Ueffing, M. (2008) Identification of paracrine neuroprotective candidate proteins by a functional assay-driven proteomics approach. Mol. Cell. Proteomics 7, 1349-1361
58. Del Rio, P., Irmler, M., Arango-Gonzalez, B., Favor, J., Bobe, C., Bartsch, U., Vecino, E., Beckers, J., Hauck, S. M., and Ueffing, M. (2011) GDNFinduced osteopontin from Muller glial cells promotes photoreceptor survival in the Pde6brd1 mouse model of retinal degeneration. Glia 59, 821-832
59. Kucharska, J., Del Rio, P., Arango-Gonzalez, B., Gorza, M., Feuchtinger, A., Hauck, S. M., and Ueffing, M. (2014) Cyr61 activates retinal cells and prolongs photoreceptor survival in rd1 mouse model of retinitis pigmentosa. J. Neurochem. 130, 227-240
60. Matsumoto, B., Defoe, D. M., and Besharse, J. C. (1987) Membrane turnover in rod photoreceptors: ensheathment and phagocytosis of outer segment distal tips by pseudopodia of the retinal pigment epithelium. Proc. Roy. Soc. London. B, Biol. Sci. 230, 339-354
61. Insinna, C., and Besharse, J. C. (2008) Intraflagellar transport and the sensory outer segment of vertebrate photoreceptors. Develop. Dyn. 237, 1982-1992
62. Ames, A., 3rd (2000) CNS energy metabolism as related to function. Brain Res. 34, 42-68
63. Schwanhausser, B., Busse, D., Li, N., Dittmar, G., Schuchhardt, J., Wolf, J., Chen, W., and Selbach, M. (2011) Global quantification of mammalian gene expression control. Nature 473, 337-342
64. Eberhard, D. A., Brown, M. D., and VandenBerg, S. R. (1994) Alterations of annexin expression in pathological neuronal and glial reactions. Immunohistochemical localization of annexins I, II (p36 and p11 subunits), IV, and VI in the human hippocampus. Am. J. Pathol. 145, 640-649
65. Tu, C., Beharry, K. D., Shen, X., Li, J., Wang, L., Aranda, J. V., and Qu, J. (2015) Proteomic profiling of the retinas in a neonatal rat model of oxygen-induced retinopathy with a reproducible ion-current-based MS1 approach. J. Proteome Res. 14, 2109-2120
66. Yang, X., Dong, X., Jia, C., and Wang, Y. (2013) Profiling of genes associated with the murine model of oxygen-induced retinopathy. Mol. Vis. 19, 775-788
67. Savchenko, V. L., McKanna, J. A., Nikonenko, I. R., and Skibo, G. G. (2000) Microglia and astrocytes in the adult rat brain: comparative immunocytochemical analysis demonstrates the efficacy of lipocortin 1 immunoreactivity. Neuroscience 96, 195-203
68. Dalli, J., Norling, L. V., Renshaw, D., Cooper, D., Leung, K. Y., and Perretti, M. (2008) Annexin 1 mediates the rapid anti-inflammatory effects of neutrophil-derived microparticles. Blood 112, 2512-2519
69. Keller, S., Ridinger, J., Rupp, A. K., Janssen, J. W., and Altevogt, P. (2011) Body fluid derived exosomes as a novel template for clinical diagnostics. J. Translat. Med. 9, 86
70. Leoni, G., Neumann, P. A., Kamaly, N., Quiros, M., Nishio, H., Jones, H. R., Sumagin, R., Hilgarth, R. S., Alam, A., Fredman, G., Argyris, I., Rijcken, E., Kusters, D., Reutelingsperger, C., Perretti, M., Parkos, C. A., Farokhzad, O. C., Neish, A. S., and Nusrat, A. (2015) Annexin A1-containing extracellular vesicles and polymeric nanoparticles promote epithelial wound repair. J. Clin. Invest. 125, 1215-1227
71. Luo, Z. Z., Gao, Y., Sun, N., Zhao, Y., Wang, J., Tian, B., and Shi, J. (2014) Enhancing the interaction between annexin-1 and formyl peptide receptors regulates microglial activtion to protect neurons from ischemia-like injury. J. Neuroimmunol. 276, 24-36
72. Horke, S., Witte, I., Wilgenbus, P., Kruger, M., Strand, D., and Forstermann, U. (2007) Paraoxonase-2 reduces oxidative stress in vascular cells and decreases endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced caspase activation. Circulation 115, 2055-2064
73. Ng, T. B., and Yu, Y. L. (2001) Isolation of a novel heterodimeric agglutinin from rhizomes of Smilax glabra, the Chinese medicinal material tufuling. Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 33, 269-277
74. McGuire, S., Bostad, E., Smith, L., Witten, M., Siegel, F. L., and Kornguth, S. (2000) Increased immunoreactivity of glutathione-S-Transferase in the retina of Swiss Webster mice following inhalation of JP8 100 aerosol. Arch. Toxicol. 74, 276-280
75. Hunter, A., Spechler, P. A., Cwanger, A., Song, Y., Zhang, Z., Ying, G. S., Hunter, A. K., Dezoeten, E., and Dunaief, J. L. (2012) DNA methylation is associated with altered gene expression in AMD. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 53, 2089-2105
76. Sun, L., Zhang, Y., and Xiong, Y. (2015) GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotype and diabetic retinopathy: A meta-Analysis. Int. J. Clin. Exp. Med. 8, 1677-1683
77. Robinson, M. B., Blakely, R. D., Couto, R., and Coyle, J. T. (1987) Hydrolysis of the brain dipeptide N-Acetyl-L-Aspartyl-L-glutamate. Identification and characterization of a novel N-Acetylated alpha-linked acidic dipeptidase activity from rat brain. J. Biol. Chem. 262, 14498-14506
78. Pacifici, F., Arriga, R., Sorice, G. P., Capuani, B., Scioli, M. G., Pastore, D., Donadel, G., Bellia, A., Caratelli, S., Coppola, A., Ferrelli, F., Federici, M., Sconocchia, G., Tesauro, M., Sbraccia, P., Della-Morte, D., Giaccari, A., Orlandi, A., and Lauro, D. (2014) Peroxiredoxin 6, a novel player in the pathogenesis of diabetes. Diabetes 63, 3210-3220
79. Tulsawani, R., Kelly, L. S., Fatma, N., Chhunchha, B., Kubo, E., Kumar, A., and Singh, D. P. (2010) Neuroprotective effect of peroxiredoxin 6 against hypoxia-induced retinal ganglion cell damage. BMC Neurosci. 11, 125
80. Pannicke, T., Iandiev, I., Wurm, A., Uckermann, O., vom Hagen, F., Reichenbach, A., Wiedemann, P., Hammes, H. P., and Bringmann, A. (2006) Diabetes alters osmotic swelling characteristics and membrane conductance of glial cells in rat retina. Diabetes 55, 633-639
81. Wurm, A., Iandiev, I., Hollborn, M., Wiedemann, P., Reichenbach, A., Zimmermann, H., Bringmann, A., and Pannicke, T. (2008) Purinergic receptor activation inhibits osmotic glial cell swelling in the diabetic rat retina. Exp. Eye Res. 87, 385-393
82. Krugel, K., Wurm, A., Pannicke, T., Hollborn, M., Karl, A., Wiedemann, P., Reichenbach, A., Kohen, L., and Bringmann, A. (2011) Involvement of oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in the osmotic swelling of retinal glial cells from diabetic rats. Exp. Eye Res. 92, 87-93