RDoC and translational perspectives on the genetics of trauma-related psychiatric disorders

American Journal of Medical Genetics, Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics

Volumn 171, Issue 1, 2016, Pages 81-91

  Montalvo Ortiz, Janitza L ^a   Gelernter, Joel ^a,b   Hudziak, James ^c   Kaufman, Joan ^d,e  

^a YALE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b Veteran's Administration Connecticut Health Care Center   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF VERMONT COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^d KENNEDY KRIEGER INSTITUTE   (United States)

^e JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Child abuse; Epigenetics; Genetics; Psychiatric disorders; RDoC

Indexed keywords

BRAIN DEVELOPMENT; CHILD ABUSE; CLINICAL FEATURE; CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DNA TRANSCRIPTION; EPIGENETICS; GENE EXPRESSION; GENETIC ASSOCIATION; GENETIC DISORDER; GENETIC LINKAGE; GENETIC RISK; GENOME ANALYSIS; GENOTYPE ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION; HEREDITY; HUMAN; LIFE STRESS; MENTAL DISEASE; MENTAL STRESS; META ANALYSIS (TOPIC); MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY; NEUROANATOMY; NONHUMAN; PERSONAL EXPERIENCE; PHENOTYPE; PLEIOTROPY; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PREDICTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSYCHOTRAUMA; REPLICATION STUDY; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; RNA TRANSLATION; SUBSTANCE ABUSE; SYNDROME; TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH; ANIMAL; ANXIETY DISORDER; BRAIN; GENETIC EPIGENESIS; GENETICS; GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDY; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY; PROCEDURES; PSYCHOLOGY; RESEARCH;

ANIMALS; ANXIETY DISORDERS; BRAIN; EPIGENESIS, GENETIC; EPIGENOMICS; GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDY; HUMANS; RESEARCH;

EID: 84954397418     PISSN: 15524841     EISSN: 1552485X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32395     Document Type: Review

References (145)

1. Afifi TO, Henriksen CA, Asmundson GJ, Sareen J. 2012. Childhood maltreatment and substance use disorders among men and women in a nationally representative sample. Can J Psychiatry 57(11):677-686.
2. Aguilera M, Arias B, Wichers M, Barrantes-Vidal N, Moya J, Villa H, Fananas L. 2009. Early adversity and 5-HTT/BDNF genes: New evidence of gene-environment interactions on depressive symptoms in a general population. Psychol Med 39(9):1425-1432.
3. Almli LM, Duncan R, Feng H, Ghosh D, Binder EB, Bradley B, Epstein MP. 2014a. Correcting systematic inflation in genetic association tests that consider interaction effects: Application to a genome-wide association study of posttraumatic stress disorder. JAMA Psychiatry 71(12):1392-1399.
4. Almli LM, Srivastava A, Fani N, Kerley K, Mercer KB, Feng H, Ressler KJ. 2014b. Follow-up and extension of a prior genome-wide association study of posttraumatic stress disorder: Gene x environment associations and structural magnetic resonance imaging in a highly traumatized African-American civilian population. Biol Psychiatry 76(4):e3-e4.
5. Almli LM, Stevens JS, Smith AK, Kilaru V, Meng Q, Flory J, Ressler KJ. 2015. A genome-wide identified risk variant for PTSD is a methylation quantitative trait locus and confers decreased cortical activation to fearful faces. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 168B(5):327-336.
6. Alsabban S, Rivera M, McGuffin P. 2011. Genome-wide searches for bipolar disorder genes. Curr Psychiatry Rep 13(6):522-527.
7. APA. 2000. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Association.
8. APA. 2013. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5 (Fifth Edition ed.). Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Association.
9. Appel K, Schwahn C, Mahler J, Schulz A, Spitzer C, Fenske K, Grabe HJ. 2011. Moderation of adult depression by a polymorphism in the FKBP5 gene and childhood physical abuse in the general population. Neuropsychopharmacology 36(10):1982-1991.
10. Association AP. 2013. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th edition: DSM-5. Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Publishing 5 edition
11. Bagot RC, Zhang TY, Wen X, Nguyen TT, Nguyen HB, Diorio J, Meaney MJ. 2012. Variations in postnatal maternal care and the epigenetic regulation of metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 expression and hippocampal function in the rat. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 109(Suppl 2):17200-17207.
12. Baumann C, Klauke B, Weber H, Domschke K, Zwanzger P, Pauli P, Reif A. 2013. The interaction of early life experiences with COMT val158met affects anxiety sensitivity. Genes Brain Behav 12(8):821-829.
13. Beach SR, Brody GH, Gunter TD, Packer H, Wernett P, Philibert RA. 2010. Child maltreatment moderates the association of MAOA with symptoms of depression and antisocial personality disorder. J Fam Psychol 24(1):12-20.
14. Bevilacqua L, Carli V, Sarchiapone M, George DK, Goldman D, Roy A, Enoch MA. 2012. Interaction between FKBP5 and childhood trauma and risk of aggressive behavior. Arch Gen Psychiatry 69(1):62-70.
15. Bhat S, Dao DT, Terrillion CE, Arad M, Smith RJ, Soldatov NM, Gould TD. 2012. CACNA1C (Cav1.2) in the pathophysiology of psychiatric disease. Prog Neurobiol 99(1):1-14.
16. Bierut LJ. 2009. Nicotine dependence and genetic variation in the nicotinic receptors. Drug Alcohol Depend, 104 Suppl 1(104):S64-S69.
17. Bierut LJ, Heath AC, Bucholz KK, Dinwiddie SH, Madden PA, Statham DJ, Martin NG. 1999. Major depressive disorder in a community-based twin sample: Are there different genetic and environmental contributions for men and women? Arch Gen Psychiatry 56(6):557-563.
18. Binder EB, Bradley RG, Liu W, Epstein MP, Deveau TC, Mercer KB, Ressler KJ. 2008. Association of FKBP5 polymorphisms and childhood abuse with risk of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in adults. JAMA 299(11):1291-1305.
19. Bookman EB, McAllister K, Gillanders E, Wanke K, Balshaw D, Rutter J, Birnbaum LS. 2011. Gene-environment interplay in common complex diseases: Forging an integrative model-recommendations from an NIH workshop. Genet Epidemiol 9(10):20571.
20. Bordner KA, George ED, Carlyle BC, Duque A, Kitchen RR, Lam TT, Simen AA. 2011. Functional genomic and proteomic analysis reveals disruption of myelin-related genes and translation in a mouse model of early life neglect. Front Psychiatry 2(18):18.
21. Bradley RG, Binder EB, Epstein MP, Tang Y, Nair HP, Liu W, Ressler KJ. 2008. Influence of child abuse on adult depression: Moderation by the corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor gene. Arch Gen Psychiatry 65(2):190-200.
22. Byrd AL, Manuck SB. 2014. MAOA, childhood maltreatment, and antisocial behavior: Meta-analysis of a gene-environment interaction. Biol Psychiatry 75(1):9-17.
23. Carlyle BC, Duque A, Kitchen RR, Bordner KA, Coman D, Doolittle E, Simen AA. 2012. Maternal separation with early weaning: A rodent model providing novel insights into neglect associated developmental deficits. Dev Psychopathol 24(4):1401-1416.
24. Caspi A, McClay J, Moffitt TE, Mill J, Martin J, Craig IW, Poulton R. 2002. Role of genotype in the cycle of violence in maltreated children. Science 297(5582):851-854.
25. Caspi A, Sugden K, Moffitt TE, Taylor A, Craig IW, Harrington H, Poulton R. 2003. Influence of life stress on depression: Moderation by a polymorphism in the 5-HTT gene. Science 301:386-389.
26. Chang R, Karr JR, Schadt EE. 2015. Causal inference in biology networks with integrated belief propagation. Pac Symp Biocomput 20:359-370.
27. Cicchetti D, Rogosch FA. 2014. Genetic moderation of child maltreatment effects on depression and internalizing symptoms by serotonin transporter linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), norepinephrine transporter (NET), and corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 1 (CRHR1) genes in African American children. Dev Psychopathol 26(4 Pt 2):1219-1239.
28. Cicchetti D, Rogosch FA, Sturge-Apple ML. 2007. Interactions of child maltreatment and serotonin transporter and monoamine oxidase a polymorphisms: Depressive symptomatology among adolescents from low socioeconomic status backgrounds. Dev Psychopathol 19(4):1161-1180.
29. Cicchetti D, Rogosch FA, Thibodeau EL. 2012. The effects of child maltreatment on early signs of antisocial behavior: Genetic moderation by tryptophan hydroxylase, serotonin transporter, and monoamine oxidase A genes. Dev Psychopathol 24(3):907-928.
30. Coccaro EF, Bergeman CS, McClearn GE. 1993. Heritability of irritable impulsiveness: A study of twins reared together and apart. Psychiatry Res 48(3):229-242.
31. Comasco E, Aslund C, Oreland L, Nilsson KW. 2013. Three-way interaction effect of 5-HTTLPR, BDNF Val66Met, and childhood adversity on depression: A replication study. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 23(10):1300-1306.
32. Conway CC, Keenan-Miller D, Hammen C, Lind PA, Najman JM, Brennan PA. 2012. Coaction of stress and serotonin transporter genotype in predicting aggression at the transition to adulthood. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol 41(1):53-63.
33. Cuthbert BN. 2014. The RDoC framework: facilitating transition from ICD/DSM to dimensional approaches that integrate neuroscience and psychopathology. World Psychiatry 13(1):28-35.
34. Cuthbert BN, Insel TR. 2013. Toward the future of psychiatric diagnosis: The seven pillars of RDoC. BMC Med 11(126):126.
35. Douglas K, Chan G, Gelernter J, Arias AJ, Anton RF, Poling J, Kranzler HR. 2011. 5-HTTLPR as a potential moderator of the effects of adverse childhood experiences on risk of antisocial personality disorder. Psychiatr Genet 21(5):240-248.
36. Drury SS, Theall KP, Smyke AT, Keats BJ, Egger HL, Nelson CA, Zeanah CH. 2010. Modification of depression by COMT val158met polymorphism in children exposed to early severe psychosocial deprivation. Child Abuse Negl 34(6):387-395.
37. Ducci F, Enoch MA, Hodgkinson C, Xu K, Catena M, Robin RW, Goldman D. 2008. Interaction between a functional MAOA locus and childhood sexual abuse predicts alcoholism and antisocial personality disorder in adult women. Mol Psychiatry 13(3):334-347.
38. Etkin A, Cuthbert B. 2014. Beyond the DSM: Development of a transdiagnostic psychiatric neuroscience course. Acad Psychiatry 38(2):145-150.
39. Flaquer A, Baumbach C, Ladwig KH, Kriebel J, Waldenberger M, Grallert H, Strauch K. 2015. Mitochondrial genetic variants identified to be associated with posttraumatic stress disorder. Transl Psychiatry 5: e524.
40. Ford JM, Morris SE, Hoffman RE, Sommer I, Waters F, McCarthy-Jones S, Cuthbert BN. 2014. Studying hallucinations within the NIMH RDoC framework. Schizophr Bull 21.
41. Frances A. 2014. RDoC is necessary, but very oversold. World Psychiatry 13(1):47-49.
42. George ED, Bordner KA, Elwafi HM, Simen AA. 2010. Maternal separation with early weaning: A novel mouse model of early life neglect. BMC Neurosci 11(123):123.
43. Gottesman II, Gould TD. 2003. The endophenotype concept in psychiatry: Etymology and strategic intentions. Am J Psychiatry 160(4):636-645.
44. Grabe HJ, Schwahn C, Appel K, Mahler J, Schulz A, Spitzer C, Volzke H. 2010. Childhood maltreatment, the corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor gene and adult depression in the general population. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 153B(8):1483-1493.
45. Grabe HJ, Schwahn C, Mahler J, Appel K, Schulz A, Spitzer C, Volzke H. 2012. Genetic epistasis between the brain-derived neurotrophic factor Val66Met polymorphism and the 5-HTT promoter polymorphism moderates the susceptibility to depressive disorders after childhood abuse. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 36(2):264-270.
46. Grasso D, Boonsiri J, Lipschitz D, Guyer A, Houshyar S, Douglas-Palumberi H, Kaufman J. 2009. Posttraumatic stress disorder: The missed diagnosis. Child Welfare 88(4):157-176.
47. Guffanti G, Galea S, Yan L, Roberts AL, Solovieff N, Aiello AE, Koenen KC. 2013. Genome-wide association study implicates a novel RNA gene, the lincRNA AC068718.1, as a risk factor for post-traumatic stress disorder in women. Psychoneuroendocrinology 38(12):3029-3038.
48. Gutierrez B, Bellon JA, Rivera M, Molina E, King M, Marston L, Cervilla J. 2015. The risk for major depression conferred by childhood maltreatment is multiplied by BDNF and SERT genetic vulnerability: A replication study. J Psychiatry Neurosci 40(3):187-196.
49. Guttman M, Rinn JL. 2012. Modular regulatory principles of large non-coding RNAs. Nature 482(7385):339-346.
50. Heim C, Bradley B, Mletzko TC, Deveau TC, Musselman DL, Nemeroff CB, Binder EB. 2009. Effect of childhood trauma on adult depression and neuroendocrine function: Sex-specific moderation by CRH receptor 1 gene. Front Behav Neurosci 3:41.
51. Hodges E, Molaro A, Dos Santos CO, Thekkat P, Song Q, Uren PJ, Hannon GJ. 2011. Directional DNA methylation changes and complex intermediate states accompany lineage specificity in the adult hematopoietic compartment. Mol Cell 44(1):17-28.
52. Holbrook H, O'Loughlin K, Althoff R, Douglas-Palumberi H, Kaufman J, Hudziak J. 2015. The Yale-Vermont Adversity in Childhood Scale: A Quantitative Approach to Adversity Assessment. Paper presented at the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry's 61st Annual Meeting, San Diego, CA.
53. Humphreys KL, Scheeringa MS, Drury SS. 2014. Race moderates the association of Catechol-O-methyltransferase genotype and posttraumatic stress disorder in preschool children. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 24(8):454-457.
54. Hutter CM, Mechanic LE, Chatterjee N, Kraft P, Gillanders EM. 2013. Gene-environment interactions in cancer epidemiology: A national cancer institute think tank report. Genet Epidemiol 37(7):643-657.
55. Insel T, Cuthbert B, Garvey M, Heinssen R, Pine DS, Quinn K, Wang P. 2010. Research domain criteria (RDoC): Toward a new classification framework for research on mental disorders. Am J Psychiatry 167(7):748-751.
56. Insel TR. 2014. The NIMH research domain criteria (RDoC) project: Precision medicine for psychiatry. Am J Psychiatry 171(4):395-397.
57. Insel TR, Wang PS. 2010. Rethinking mental illness. Jama 303(19):1970-1971.
58. Kaffman A, Krystal JH. 2012. New frontiers in animal research of psychiatric illness. Methods Mol Biol 829:3-30.
59. Karg K, Burmeister M, Shedden K, Sen S. 2011. The serotonin transporter promoter variant (5-HTTLPR), stress, and depression meta-analysis revisited: Evidence of genetic moderation. Arch Gen Psychiatry 68(5):444-454.
60. Kaufman J, Charney D. 2000. Comorbidity of mood and anxiety disorders. Depression and Anxiety 12:69-76.
61. Kaufman J, Gelernter J, Hudziak JJ, Tyrka AR, Coplan JD. 2015. The research domain criteria (RDoC) project and studies of risk and resilience in maltreated children. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 54(8):617-625.
62. Kaufman J, Gelernter J, Kaffman A, Caspi A, Moffitt TE. 2010. Arguable assumptions, questionable conclusions. Biol Psychiatry 67(4):19-20.
63. Kaufman J, Jones B, Steiglitz E, Vitulano L, Mannarino A. 1994. The use of multiple informants to assess children's maltreatment experiences. J Family Violence 9:227-248.
64. Kaufman J, Yang BZ, Douglas-Palumberi H, Crouse-Artus M, Lipschitz D, Krystal JH, Gelernter J. 2007. Genetic and environmental predictors of early alcohol use. Biol Psychiatry, 61(11):1228-1234.
65. Kaufman J, Yang BZ, Douglas-Palumberi H, Grasso D, Lipschitz D, Houshyar S, Gelernter J. 2006. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor-5-HTTLPR gene interactions and environmental modifiers of depression in children. Biol Psychiatry 59:673-680.
66. Kaufman J, Yang BZ, Douglas-Palumberi H, Houshyar S, Lipschitz D, Krystal J, Gelernter J. 2004. Social supports and serotonin transporter gene moderate depression in maltreated children. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101(49):17316-17321.
67. Keshavan MS, Ongur D. 2014. The journey from RDC/DSM diagnoses toward RDoC dimensions. World Psychiatry 13(1):44-46.
68. Kessler RC, Avenevoli S, McLaughlin KA, Green JG, Lakoma MD, Petukhova M, Merikangas KR. 2012. Lifetime co-morbidity of DSM-IV disorders in the US national comorbidity survey replication adolescent supplement (NCS-A). Psychol Med 42(9):1997-2010.
69. Kessler RC, Crum RM, Warner LA, Nelson CB, Schulenberg J, Anthony JC. 1997. Lifetime co-occurrence of DSM-III-R alcohol abuse and dependence with other psychiatric disorders in the national comorbidity survey. Arch Gen Psychiatry 54(4):313-321.
70. Kessler RC, McGonagle KA, Zhao S, Nelson CB, Hughes M, Eshleman S, Kendler KS. 1994. Lifetime and 12-month prevalence of DSM-III-R psychiatric disorders in the United States. Results from the national comorbidity survey. Arch Gen Psychiatry 51(1):8-19.
71. Kim-Cohen J, Caspi A, Taylor A, Williams B, Newcombe R, Craig IW, Moffitt TE. 2006. MAOA, maltreatment, and gene-environment interaction predicting children's mental health: New evidence and a meta-analysis. Mol Psychiatry 11(10):903-913.
72. Klengel T, Binder EB. 2015. Epigenetics of stress-related psychiatric disorders and gene x environment interactions. Neuron 86(6):1343-1357.
73. Klengel T, Pape J, Binder EB, Mehta D. 2014. The role of DNA methylation in stress-related psychiatric disorders. Neuropharmacology 80:115-132.
74. Kranzler HR, Feinn R, Nelson EC, Covault J, Anton RF, Farrer L, Gelernter J. 2011. A CRHR1 haplotype moderates the effect of adverse childhood experiences on lifetime risk of major depressive episode in African-American women. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 156B(8):960-968.
75. Krystal JH, Tolin DF, Sanacora G, Castner SA, Williams GV, Aikins DE, D'Souza DC. 2009. Neuroplasticity as a target for the pharmacotherapy of anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and schizophrenia. Drug Discov Today 14(13-14):690-697.
76. Laucht M, Treutlein J, Blomeyer D, Buchmann AF, Schmidt MH, Esser G, Banaschewski T. 2013. Interactive effects of corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1 gene and childhood adversity on depressive symptoms in young adults: Findings from a longitudinal study. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 23(5):358-367.
77. Le-Niculescu H, Patel SD, Bhat M, Kuczenski R, Faraone SV, Tsuang MT, Niculescu AB, III. 2009. Convergent functional genomics of genome-wide association data for bipolar disorder: Comprehensive identification of candidate genes, pathways and mechanisms. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 150B(2):155-181.
78. Lee SH, Wray NR, Goddard ME, Visscher PM. 2011. Estimating missing heritability for disease from genome-wide association studies. Am J Hum Genet 88(3):294-305.
79. Levran O, Peles E, Randesi M, Li Y, Rotrosen J, Ott J, Kreek MJ. 2014. Stress-related genes and heroin addiction: A role for a functional FKBP5 haplotype. Psychoneuroendocrinology 45:67-76.
80. Li JJ, Lee SS. 2010. Latent class analysis of antisocial behavior: Interaction of serotonin transporter genotype and maltreatment. J Abnorm Child Psychol 38(6):789-801.
81. Liberzon I, King AP, Ressler KJ, Almli LM, Zhang P, Ma ST, Galea S. 2014. Interaction of the ADRB2 gene polymorphism with childhood trauma in predicting adult symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder. JAMA Psychiatry 71(10):1174-1182.
82. Logue MW, Amstadter AB, Baker DG, Duncan L, Koenen KC, Liberzon I, Uddin M. 2015. The psychiatric genomics consortium posttraumatic stress disorder workgroup: Posttraumatic stress disorder enters the age of large-scale genomic collaboration. Neuropsychopharmacology 118.
83. Logue MW, Baldwin C, Guffanti G, Melista E, Wolf EJ, Reardon AF, Miller MW. 2013. A genome-wide association study of post-traumatic stress disorder identifies the retinoid-related orphan receptor alpha (RORA) gene as a significant risk locus. Mol Psychiatry, 18(8):937-942.
84. Lowe SR, Meyers JL, Galea S, Aiello AE, Uddin M, Wildman DE, Koenen KC. 2015. RORA and posttraumatic stress trajectories: Main effects and interactions with childhood physical abuse history. Brain Behav 5(4):e00323.
85. Maes HH, Woodard CE, Murrelle L, Meyer JM, Silberg JL, Hewitt JK, Eaves LJ. 1999. Tobacco, alcohol and drug use in eight- to sixteen-year-old twins: The Virginia twin study of adolescent behavioral development. J Stud Alcohol 60(3):293-305.
86. Maher B. 2008. Personal genomes: The case of the missing heritability. Nature 456(7218):18-21.
87. Marquez C, Poirier GL, Cordero MI, Larsen MH, Groner A, Marquis J, Sandi C. 2013. Peripuberty stress leads to abnormal aggression, altered amygdala and orbitofrontal reactivity and increased prefrontal MAOA gene expression. Transl Psychiatry 3:e216.
88. Maunakea AK, Nagarajan RP, Bilenky M, Ballinger TJ, D'Souza C, Fouse SD, Costello JF. 2010. Conserved role of intragenic DNA methylation in regulating alternative promoters. Nature 466(7303):253-257.
89. Maze I, Shen L, Zhang B, Garcia BA, Shao N, Mitchell A, Nestler EJ. 2014. Analytical tools and current challenges in the modern era of neuroepigenomics. Nat Neurosci 17(11):1476-1490.
90. McGowan PO, Suderman M, Sasaki A, Huang TC, Hallett M, Meaney MJ, Szyf M. 2011. Broad epigenetic signature of maternal care in the brain of adult rats. PLoS ONE 6(2):e14739.
91. Mechanic LE, Chen HS, Amos CI, Chatterjee N, Cox NJ, Divi RL, Gillanders EM. 2012. Next generation analytic tools for large scale genetic epidemiology studies of complex diseases. Genet Epidemiol 36(1):22-35.
92. Melas PA, Wei Y, Wong CC, Sjoholm LK, Aberg E, Mill J, Lavebratt C. 2013. Genetic and epigenetic associations of MAOA and NR3C1 with depression and childhood adversities. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 16(7):1513-1528.
93. Min JA, Lee HJ, Lee SH, Park YM, Kang SG, Chae JH. 2013. Gender-specific effects of brain-derived neurotrophic factor Val66Met polymorphism and childhood maltreatment on anxiety. Neuropsychobiology 67(1):6-13.
94. Mitchell AC, Bharadwaj R, Whittle C, Krueger W, Mirnics K, Hurd Y, Akbarian S. 2014. The genome in three dimensions: A new frontier in human brain research. Biol Psychiatry 75(12):961-969.
95. Munafo MR, Brown SM, Hariri AR. 2008. Serotonin transporter (5-HTTLPR) genotype and amygdala activation: A meta-analysis. Biol Psychiatry 63(9):852-857.
96. Munafo MR, Durrant C, Lewis G, Flint J. 2009. Gene X environment interactions at the serotonin transporter locus. Biol Psychiatry 65(3):211-219.
97. Murcray CE, Lewinger JP, Gauderman WJ. 2009. Gene-environment interaction in genome-wide association studies. Am J Epidemiol 169(2):219-226.
98. Nanni V, Uher R, Danese A. 2012. Childhood maltreatment predicts unfavorable course of illness and treatment outcome in depression: A meta-analysis. Am J Psychiatry 169(2):141-151.
99. Neale BM, Lasky-Su J, Anney R, Franke B, Zhou K, Maller JB, Faraone SV. 2008. Genome-wide association scan of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 147B(8):1337-1344.
100. Nelson EC, Agrawal A, Pergadia ML, Wang JC, Whitfield JB, Saccone FS, Madden PA. 2010. H2 haplotype at chromosome 17q21.31 protects against childhood sexual abuse-associated risk for alcohol consumption and dependence. Addict Biol 15(1):1-11.
101. Nievergelt CM, Maihofer AX, Mustapic M, Yurgil KA, Schork NJ, Miller MW, Baker DG. 2015. Genomic predictors of combat stress vulnerability and resilience in US Marines: A genome-wide association study across multiple ancestries implicates PRTFDC1 as a potential PTSD gene. Psychoneuroendocrinology 51:459-471.
102. Nikulina V, Widom CS, Brzustowicz LM. 2012. Child abuse and neglect, MAOA, and mental health outcomes: A prospective examination. Biol Psychiatry 71(4):350-357.
103. Nilsson KW, Comasco E, Aslund C, Nordquist N, Leppert J, Oreland L. 2011. MAOA genotype, family relations and sexual abuse in relation to adolescent alcohol consumption. Addict Biol 16(2):347-355.
104. Nilsson KW, Comasco E, Hodgins S, Oreland L, Aslund C. 2015. Genotypes do not confer risk for delinquency ut rather alter susceptibility to positive and negative environmental factors: Gene-environment interactions of BDNF Val66Met, 5-HTTLPR, and MAOA-uVNTR. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 18(5):(pii), pyu107.
105. NIMH. 2012. NIMH RDoC Worshop Proceedings. from http://www.nimh.nih.gov/research-priorities/rdoc/nimh-rdoc-workshop-proceedings.shtml
106. Niwa M, Jaaro-Peled H, Tankou S, Seshadri S, Hikida T, Matsumoto Y, Sawa A. 2013. Adolescent stress-induced epigenetic control of dopaminergic neurons via glucocorticoids. Science 339(6117):335-339.
107. Parnas J. 2014. The RDoC program: Psychiatry without psyche? World Psychiatry 13(1):46-47.
108. Pena CJ, Neugut YD, Calarco CA, Champagne FA. 2014. Effects of maternal care on the development of midbrain dopamine pathways and reward-directed behavior in female offspring. Eur J Neurosci 39(6):946-956.
109. Perroud N, Jaussent I, Guillaume S, Bellivier F, Baud P, Jollant F, Courtet P. 2010. COMT but not serotonin-related genes modulates the influence of childhood abuse on anger traits. Genes Brain Behav 9(2):193-202.
110. PGC. 2013. Identification of risk loci with shared effects on five major psychiatric disorders: A genome-wide analysis. Lancet 381(9875):1371-379.
111. Pickens RW, Svikis DS, McGue M, Lykken DT, Heston LL, Clayton PJ. 1991. Heterogeneity in the inheritance of alcoholism. A study of male and female twins. Arch Gen Psychiatry 48(1):19-28.
112. Polanczyk G, Caspi A, Williams B, Price TS, Danese A, Sugden K, Moffitt TE. 2009. Protective effect of CRHR1 gene variants on the development of adult depression following childhood maltreatment: Replication and extension. Arch Gen Psychiatry 66(9):978-985.
113. Qureshi IA, Mattick JS, Mehler MF. 2010. Long non-coding RNAs in nervous system function and disease. Brain Res 1338:20-35.
114. Regier DA, Narrow WE, Kuhl EA, Kupfer DJ. 2009. The conceptual development of DSM-V. Am J Psychiatry 166(6):645-650.
115. Reif A, Rosler M, Freitag CM, Schneider M, Eujen A, Kissling C, Retz W. 2007. Nature and nurture predispose to violent behavior: Serotonergic genes and adverse childhood environment. Neuropsychopharmacology 32(11):2375-2383.
116. Ridout SJ, Ridout KK, Kao HT, Carpenter LL, Philip NS, Tyrka AR, Price LH. 2015. Telomeres, early-life stress and mental illness. Adv Psychosom Med 34:92-108.
117. Rietschel M, Treutlein J. 2013. The genetics of alcohol dependence. Ann NY Acad Sci 1282:39-70.
118. Ripke S, Sanders AR. 2011. Genome-wide association study identifies five new schizophrenia loci. Nat Genet 43(10):969-976.
119. Risch N, Herrell R, Lehner T, Liang KY, Eaves L, Hoh J, Merikangas KR. 2009. Interaction between the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR), stressful life events, and risk of depression: A meta-analysis. JAMA 301(23):2462-2471.
120. Roth TL, Zoladz PR, Sweatt JD, Diamond DM. 2011. Epigenetic modification of hippocampal Bdnf DNA in adult rats in an animal model of post-traumatic stress disorder. J Psychiatr Res 45(7):919-926.
121. Sadeh N, Javdani S, Verona E. 2013. Analysis of monoaminergic genes, childhood abuse, and dimensions of psychopathy. J Abnorm Psychol 122(1):167-179.
122. Sarachana T, Xu M, Wu RC, Hu VW. 2011. Sex hormones in autism: Androgens and estrogens differentially and reciprocally regulate RORA, a novel candidate gene for autism. PLoS ONE 6(2):e17116.
123. Schadt EE, Sachs A, Friend S. 2005. Embracing complexity, inching closer to reality. Sci STKE 2005(295):pe40.
124. Sharpley CF, Palanisamy SK, Glyde NS, Dillingham PW, Agnew LL. 2014. An update on the interaction between the serotonin transporter promoter variant (5-HTTLPR), stress and depression, plus an exploration of non-confirming findings. Behav Brain Res 273:89-105.
125. Sohns M, Viktorova E, Amos CI, Brennan P, Fehringer G, Gaborieau V, Bickeboller H. 2013. Empirical hierarchical bayes approach to gene-environment interactions: Development and application to genome-wide association studies of lung cancer in TRICL. Genet Epidemiol 37(6):551-559.
126. Solovieff N, Roberts AL, Ratanatharathorn A, Haloosim M, De Vivo I, King AP, Koenen KC. 2014. Genetic association analysis of 300 genes identifies a risk haplotype in SLC18A2 for post-traumatic stress disorder in two independent samples. Neuropsychopharmacology 39(8):1872-1879.
127. Stein MB, Schork NJ, Gelernter J. 2008. Gene-by-environment (serotonin transporter and childhood maltreatment) interaction for anxiety sensitivity, an intermediate phenotype for anxiety disorders. Neuropsychopharmacology 33(2):312-319.
128. Teicher MH, Samson JA. 2013. Childhood maltreatment and psychopathology: A case for ecophenotypic variants as clinically and neurobiologically distinct subtypes. Am J Psychiatry 170(10):1114-1133.
129. Terracciano A, Tanaka T, Sutin AR, Sanna S, Deiana B, Lai S, Costa PT, Jr, 2010. Genome-wide association scan of trait depression. Biol Psychiatry 68(9):811-817.
130. Thapar A, Harold G. 2014. Editorial perspective: Why is there such a mismatch between traditional heritability estimates and molecular genetic findings for behavioural traits? J Child Psychol Psychiatry 55(10):1088-1091.
131. Toda H, Boku S, Nakagawa S, Inoue T, Kato A, Takamura N, Kusumi I. 2014. Maternal separation enhances conditioned fear and decreases the mRNA levels of the neurotensin receptor 1 gene with hypermethylation of this gene in the rat amygdala. PLoS ONE 9(5):e97421.
132. True WR, Rice J, Eisen SA, Heath AC, Goldberg J, Lyons MJ, Nowak J. 1993. A twin study of genetic and environmental contributions to liability for posttraumatic stress symptoms. Arch Gen Psychiatry 50(4):257-264.
133. Tsankova NM, Berton O, Renthal W, Kumar A, Neve RL, Nestler EJ. 2006. Sustained hippocampal chromatin regulation in a mouse model of depression and antidepressant action. Nat Neurosci 9(4):519-525.
134. Turecki G, Meaney MJ. 2014. Effects of the social environment and stress on glucocorticoid receptor gene methylation: A systematic review. Biol Psychiatry 022.
135. Turecki G, Ota V, Belangero S, Jackowski A, Kaufman J. 2014. Early life adversity, genomic plasticity, and psychopathology. Lancet Psychiatry 1(6):461-466.
136. van Zuiden M, Geuze E, Willemen HL, Vermetten E, Maas M, Amarouchi K, Heijnen CJ. 2012. Glucocorticoid receptor pathway components predict posttraumatic stress disorder symptom development: A prospective study. Biol Psychiatry 71(4):309-316.
137. Vaske J, Newsome J, Wright JP. 2012. Interaction of serotonin transporter linked polymorphic region and childhood neglect on criminal behavior and substance use for males and females. Dev Psychopathol 24(1):181-193.
138. Wagner S, Baskaya O, Dahmen N, Lieb K, Tadic A. 2010. Modulatory role of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor Val66Met polymorphism on the effects of serious life events on impulsive aggression in borderline personality disorder. Genes Brain Behav 9(1):97-102.
139. Walsh K, Uddin M, Soliven R, Wildman D, Bradley B. 2014. Associations between the SS variant of 5-HTTLPR and PTSD among adults with histories of childhood emotional abuse: Results from two African American independent samples. J Affect Disord 161:91-96.
140. Weaver IC, Cervoni N, Champagne FA, D'Alessio AC, Sharma S, Seckl JR, Meaney MJ. 2004. Epigenetic programming by maternal behavior. Nat Neurosci 7(8):847-854.
141. Xie P, Kranzler HR, Farrer L, Gelernter J. 2012. Serotonin transporter 5-HTTLPR genotype moderates the effects of childhood adversity on posttraumatic stress disorder risk: A replication study. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 159B(6):644-652.
142. Xie P, Kranzler HR, Poling J, Stein MB, Anton RF, Brady K, Gelernter J. 2009. Interactive effect of stressful life events and the serotonin transporter 5-HTTLPR genotype on posttraumatic stress disorder diagnosis in 2 independent populations. Arch Gen Psychiatry 66(11):1201-1209.
143. Xie P, Kranzler HR, Poling J, Stein MB, Anton RF, Farrer LA, Gelernter J. 2010. Interaction of FKBP5 with childhood adversity on risk for post-traumatic stress disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology 35(8):1684-1692.
144. Xie P, Kranzler HR, Yang C, Zhao H, Farrer LA, Gelernter J. 2013. Genome-wide association study identifies new susceptibility loci for posttraumatic stress disorder. Biol Psychiatry 74(9):656-663.
145. Yang J, Corces VG. 2011. Chromatin insulators: A role in nuclear organization and gene expression. Adv Cancer Res 110:43-76.