메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 1367, Issue 1, 2016, Pages 12-20

Can ketones compensate for deteriorating brain glucose uptake during aging? Implications for the risk and treatment of Alzheimer's disease

Author keywords

Acetoacetate (AcAc); Alzheimer's disease; Beta hydroxybutyrate ( HB); Glucose; Ketones; Medium chain triglycerides (MCT)

Indexed keywords

3 HYDROXYBUTYRIC ACID; ACETOACETIC ACID; DECANOIC ACID; GLUCOSE; KETONE; MEDIUM CHAIN TRIACYLGLYCEROL; OCTANOIC ACID;

EID: 84954271182     PISSN: 00778923     EISSN: 17496632     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12999     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (165)

References (70)
  • 1
    • 78649962844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain fuel metabolism, aging, and Alzheimer's disease
    • Cunnane, S. et al. 2011. Brain fuel metabolism, aging, and Alzheimer's disease. Nutrition 27: 3-20.
    • (2011) Nutrition , vol.27 , pp. 3-20
    • Cunnane, S.1
  • 2
    • 0025987048 scopus 로고
    • Physical basis of cognitive alterations in Alzheimer's disease: synapse loss is the major correlate of cognitive impairment
    • Terry, R.D. et al. 1991. Physical basis of cognitive alterations in Alzheimer's disease: synapse loss is the major correlate of cognitive impairment. Ann. Neurol. 30: 572-580.
    • (1991) Ann. Neurol , vol.30 , pp. 572-580
    • Terry, R.D.1
  • 3
    • 31744439591 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Breath acetone predicts plasma ketone bodies in children with epilepsy on a ketogenic diet
    • Musa-Veloso, K. et al. 2006. Breath acetone predicts plasma ketone bodies in children with epilepsy on a ketogenic diet. Nutrition 22: 1-8.
    • (2006) Nutrition , vol.22 , pp. 1-8
    • Musa-Veloso, K.1
  • 4
    • 84935885840 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of ketone bodies in Alzheimer's disease in relation to neural hypometabolism, beta-amyloid toxicity, and astrocyte function
    • Hertz, L., Y. Chen & H.S. Waagepetersen . 2015. Effects of ketone bodies in Alzheimer's disease in relation to neural hypometabolism, beta-amyloid toxicity, and astrocyte function. J. Neurochem. 134: 7-20.
    • (2015) J. Neurochem , vol.134 , pp. 7-20
    • Hertz, L.1    Chen, Y.2    Waagepetersen, H.S.3
  • 5
    • 84920988868 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biomarkers, ketone bodies, and the prevention of Alzheimer's disease
    • VanItallie, T.B. 2015. Biomarkers, ketone bodies, and the prevention of Alzheimer's disease. Metabolism 64: S51-S57.
    • (2015) Metabolism , vol.64 , pp. S51-S57
    • VanItallie, T.B.1
  • 6
    • 79957877195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Time course of glucose metabolism in relation to cognitive performance and postmortem neuropathology in Met146Val PSEN1 mutation carriers
    • Scholl, M. et al. 2011. Time course of glucose metabolism in relation to cognitive performance and postmortem neuropathology in Met146Val PSEN1 mutation carriers. J. Alzheimers Dis. 24: 495-506.
    • (2011) J. Alzheimers Dis , vol.24 , pp. 495-506
    • Scholl, M.1
  • 7
    • 0030944258 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinicopathological features of familial Alzheimer's disease associated with the M139V mutation in the presenilin 1 gene. Pedigree but not mutation specific age at onset provides evidence for a further genetic factor
    • Fox, N.C. et al. 1997. Clinicopathological features of familial Alzheimer's disease associated with the M139V mutation in the presenilin 1 gene. Pedigree but not mutation specific age at onset provides evidence for a further genetic factor. Brain 120(Pt 3): 491-501.
    • (1997) Brain , vol.120 , pp. 491-501
    • Fox, N.C.1
  • 9
    • 0028796841 scopus 로고
    • Deficits in cerebral glucose metabolism demonstrated by positron emission tomography in individuals at risk of familial Alzheimer's disease
    • Kennedy, A.M. et al. 1995. Deficits in cerebral glucose metabolism demonstrated by positron emission tomography in individuals at risk of familial Alzheimer's disease. Neurosci. Lett. 186: 17-20.
    • (1995) Neurosci. Lett , vol.186 , pp. 17-20
    • Kennedy, A.M.1
  • 10
    • 20444423242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduced hippocampal metabolism in MCI and AD: automated FDG-PET image analysis
    • Mosconi, L. et al. 2005. Reduced hippocampal metabolism in MCI and AD: automated FDG-PET image analysis. Neurology 64: 1860-1867.
    • (2005) Neurology , vol.64 , pp. 1860-1867
    • Mosconi, L.1
  • 11
    • 0347719366 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional brain abnormalities in young adults at genetic risk for late-onsheimer's dementia
    • Reiman, E.M. et al. 2004. Functional brain abnormalities in young adults at genetic risk for late-onset Alzheimer's dementia. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 101: 284-289.
    • (2004) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. , vol.101 , pp. 284-289
    • Reiman, E.M.1
  • 12
    • 67349270965 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apolipoprotein E and its receptors in Alzheimer's disease: pathways, pathogenesis and therapy
    • Bu, G. 2009. Apolipoprotein E and its receptors in Alzheimer's disease: pathways, pathogenesis and therapy. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 10: 333-344.
    • (2009) Nat. Rev. Neurosci , vol.10 , pp. 333-344
    • Bu, G.1
  • 13
    • 84955465001 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regional brain glucose hypometabolism in young women with polycystic ovary syndrome: possible link to mild insulin resistance
    • Castellano, C.A. et al. 2015. Regional brain glucose hypometabolism in young women with polycystic ovary syndrome: possible link to mild insulin resistance. PLoS One 10: e0144116.
    • (2015) PLoS One , vol.10 , pp. e0144116
    • Castellano, C.A.1
  • 14
    • 28044458281 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Energy inhibition elevates beta-secretase levels and activity and is potentially amyloidogenic in APP transgenic mice: possible early events in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis
    • Velliquette, R.A., T. O'Connor & R. Vassar . 2005. Energy inhibition elevates beta-secretase levels and activity and is potentially amyloidogenic in APP transgenic mice: possible early events in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis. J. Neurosci. 25: 10874-10883.
    • (2005) J. Neurosci , vol.25 , pp. 10874-10883
    • Velliquette, R.A.1    O'Connor, T.2    Vassar, R.3
  • 15
    • 84903362456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain glucose and acetoacetate metabolism: a comparison of young and older adults
    • Nugent, S. et al. 2014. Brain glucose and acetoacetate metabolism: a comparison of young and older adults. Neurobiol. Aging 35: 1386-1395.
    • (2014) Neurobiol. Aging , vol.35 , pp. 1386-1395
    • Nugent, S.1
  • 16
    • 84901725111 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucose hypometabolism is highly localized but lower cortical thickness and brain atrophy are widespread in cognitively normal older adults
    • Nugent, S. et al. 2014. Glucose hypometabolism is highly localized but lower cortical thickness and brain atrophy are widespread in cognitively normal older adults. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 306: E1315-E1321.
    • (2014) Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab , vol.306 , pp. E1315-E1321
    • Nugent, S.1
  • 17
    • 84955416036 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship of metabolic and endocrine parameters to brain glucose metabolism in older adults: do cognitively-normal older adults have a particular metabolic phenotype?
    • Nugent, S. et al. 2015. Relationship of metabolic and endocrine parameters to brain glucose metabolism in older adults: do cognitively-normal older adults have a particular metabolic phenotype? Biogerontology. DOI 10.1007/s10522-015-9595-7.
    • (2015) Biogerontology
    • Nugent, S.1
  • 18
    • 56249093471 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Voxel-based mapping of brain gray matter volume and glucose metabolism profiles in normal aging
    • Kalpouzos, G. et al. 2009. Voxel-based mapping of brain gray matter volume and glucose metabolism profiles in normal aging. Neurobiol. Aging 30: 112-124.
    • (2009) Neurobiol. Aging , vol.30 , pp. 112-124
    • Kalpouzos, G.1
  • 19
    • 0033935889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Non-invasive radiotracer imaging as a tool for drug development
    • Gibson, R.E. et al. 2000. Non-invasive radiotracer imaging as a tool for drug development. Curr. Pharm. Des. 6: 973-989.
    • (2000) Curr. Pharm. Des , vol.6 , pp. 973-989
    • Gibson, R.E.1
  • 20
    • 0034844219 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ketone bodies, potential therapeutic uses
    • Veech, R.L. et al. 2001. Ketone bodies, potential therapeutic uses. IUBMB Life 51: 241-247.
    • (2001) IUBMB Life , vol.51 , pp. 241-247
    • Veech, R.L.1
  • 21
    • 57749107571 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new approach to treating Alzheimer's disease
    • Blass, J.P. 2008. A new approach to treating Alzheimer's disease. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 1147: 122-128.
    • (2008) Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci , vol.1147 , pp. 122-128
    • Blass, J.P.1
  • 22
    • 0014139879 scopus 로고
    • Brain metabolism during fasting
    • Owen, O.E. et al. 1967. Brain metabolism during fasting. J. Clin. Invest. 46: 1589-1595.
    • (1967) J. Clin. Invest , vol.46 , pp. 1589-1595
    • Owen, O.E.1
  • 23
    • 0015413298 scopus 로고
    • Resistance to symptomatic insulin reactions after fasting
    • Drenick, E.J. et al. 1972. Resistance to symptomatic insulin reactions after fasting. J. Clin. Invest. 51: 2757-2762.
    • (1972) J. Clin. Invest , vol.51 , pp. 2757-2762
    • Drenick, E.J.1
  • 24
    • 0015254098 scopus 로고
    • On the maximal possible rate of ketogenesis
    • Flatt, J.P. 1972. On the maximal possible rate of ketogenesis. Diabetes 21: 50-53.
    • (1972) Diabetes , vol.21 , pp. 50-53
    • Flatt, J.P.1
  • 25
    • 0015965338 scopus 로고
    • Ketone-body production and oxidation in fasting obese humans
    • Reichard, G.A., Jr. et al. 1974. Ketone-body production and oxidation in fasting obese humans. J. Clin. Invest. 53: 508-515.
    • (1974) J. Clin. Invest , vol.53 , pp. 508-515
    • Reichard, G.A.1
  • 26
    • 0016274287 scopus 로고
    • Hepatic ketogenesis and gluconeogenesis in humans
    • Garber, A.J. et al. 1974. Hepatic ketogenesis and gluconeogenesis in humans. J. Clin. Invest. 54: 981-989.
    • (1974) J. Clin. Invest , vol.54 , pp. 981-989
    • Garber, A.J.1
  • 27
    • 50549186980 scopus 로고
    • Effect of a saturated medium-chain triglyceride on serum-lipids in man
    • Hashim, S.A., A. Arteaga & T.B. Van Itallie . 1960. Effect of a saturated medium-chain triglyceride on serum-lipids in man. Lancet 1: 1105-1108.
    • (1960) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 1105-1108
    • Hashim, S.A.1    Arteaga, A.2    Van Itallie, T.B.3
  • 28
    • 62449142597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of metabolic disorders in Alzheimer disease and vascular dementia: two roads converged
    • Craft, S. 2009. The role of metabolic disorders in Alzheimer disease and vascular dementia: two roads converged. Arch. Neurol. 66: 300-305.
    • (2009) Arch. Neurol , vol.66 , pp. 300-305
    • Craft, S.1
  • 29
    • 78651274000 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin resistance and Alzheimer-like reductions in regional cerebral glucose metabolism for cognitively normal adults with prediabetes or early type 2 diabetes
    • Baker, L.D. et al. 2011. Insulin resistance and Alzheimer-like reductions in regional cerebral glucose metabolism for cognitively normal adults with prediabetes or early type 2 diabetes. Arch. Neurol. 68: 51-57.
    • (2011) Arch. Neurol , vol.68 , pp. 51-57
    • Baker, L.D.1
  • 31
    • 46749091229 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ketone bodies as a therapeutic for Alzheimer's disease
    • Henderson, S.T. 2008. Ketone bodies as a therapeutic for Alzheimer's disease. Neurotherapeutics 5: 470-480.
    • (2008) Neurotherapeutics , vol.5 , pp. 470-480
    • Henderson, S.T.1
  • 32
    • 84865613285 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sporadic Alzheimer's disease: the starving brain
    • Mamelak, M. 2012. Sporadic Alzheimer's disease: the starving brain. J. Alzheimers Dis. 31: 459-474.
    • (2012) J. Alzheimers Dis , vol.31 , pp. 459-474
    • Mamelak, M.1
  • 33
    • 84919917084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 11C-acetoacetate metabolism in mild Alzheimer's disease dementia
    • 11C-acetoacetate metabolism in mild Alzheimer's disease dementia. J. Alzheimers Dis. 43: 1343-1353.
    • (2015) J. Alzheimers Dis , vol.43 , pp. 1343-1353
    • Castellano, C.A.1
  • 34
    • 0030200659 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Altered energy metabolism in Alzheimer's disease
    • Ogawa, M. et al. 1996. Altered energy metabolism in Alzheimer's disease. J. Neurol. Sci. 139: 78-82.
    • (1996) J. Neurol. Sci , vol.139 , pp. 78-82
    • Ogawa, M.1
  • 35
    • 0019521834 scopus 로고
    • Cerebral blood flow and metabolic rate of oxygen, glucose, lactate, pyruvate, ketone bodies and amino acids
    • Lying-Tunell, U. et al. 1981. Cerebral blood flow and metabolic rate of oxygen, glucose, lactate, pyruvate, ketone bodies and amino acids. Acta Neurol. Scand. 63: 337-350.
    • (1981) Acta Neurol. Scand , vol.63 , pp. 337-350
    • Lying-Tunell, U.1
  • 36
    • 0028789091 scopus 로고
    • Use of R-beta-[1-11C]hydroxybutyrate in PET studies of regional cerebral uptake of ketone bodies in humans
    • Blomqvist, G. et al. 1995. Use of R-beta-[1-11C]hydroxybutyrate in PET studies of regional cerebral uptake of ketone bodies in humans. Am. J. Physiol. 269: E948-E959.
    • (1995) Am. J. Physiol , vol.269 , pp. E948-E959
    • Blomqvist, G.1
  • 37
    • 84934444202 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid adaptation of rat brain and liver metabolism to a ketogenic diet: an integrated study using (1)H- and (13)C-NMR spectroscopy
    • Roy, M. et al. 2015. Rapid adaptation of rat brain and liver metabolism to a ketogenic diet: an integrated study using (1)H- and (13)C-NMR spectroscopy. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 35: 1154-1162.
    • (2015) J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab , vol.35 , pp. 1154-1162
    • Roy, M.1
  • 38
    • 0023737618 scopus 로고
    • Glucose metabolism as the site of the primary abnormality in early-onset dementia of Alzheimer type
    • Hoyer, S., K. Oesterreich & O. Wagner . 1988. Glucose metabolism as the site of the primary abnormality in early-onset dementia of Alzheimer type? J. Neurol. 235: 143-148.
    • (1988) J. Neurol , vol.235 , pp. 143-148
    • Hoyer, S.1    Oesterreich, K.2    Wagner, O.3
  • 39
    • 84920590033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Energetic and nutritional constraints on infant brain development: implications for brain expansion during human evolution
    • Cunnane, S.C. & M.A. Crawford . 2014. Energetic and nutritional constraints on infant brain development: implications for brain expansion during human evolution. J. Hum. Evol. 77: 88-98.
    • (2014) J. Hum. Evol , vol.77 , pp. 88-98
    • Cunnane, S.C.1    Crawford, M.A.2
  • 40
    • 65249181503 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolic response to a ketogenic breakfast in the healthy elderly
    • Freemantle, E. et al. 2009. Metabolic response to a ketogenic breakfast in the healthy elderly. J. Nutr. Health Aging 13: 293-298.
    • (2009) J. Nutr. Health Aging , vol.13 , pp. 293-298
    • Freemantle, E.1
  • 41
    • 0022896375 scopus 로고
    • Effects of fasting on ketone body concentrations in healthy men of different ages
    • London, E.D. et al. 1986. Effects of fasting on ketone body concentrations in healthy men of different ages. J. Gerontol. 41: 599-604.
    • (1986) J. Gerontol , vol.41 , pp. 599-604
    • London, E.D.1
  • 42
    • 65549125306 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Medium-chain fatty acids improve cognitive function in intensively treated type 1 diabetic patients and support in vitro synaptic transmission during acute hypoglycemia
    • Page, K.A. et al. 2009. Medium-chain fatty acids improve cognitive function in intensively treated type 1 diabetic patients and support in vitro synaptic transmission during acute hypoglycemia. Diabetes 58: 1237-1244.
    • (2009) Diabetes , vol.58 , pp. 1237-1244
    • Page, K.A.1
  • 43
    • 82755194976 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dietary ketosis enhances memory in mild cognitive impairment
    • Krikorian, R. et al. 2012. Dietary ketosis enhances memory in mild cognitive impairment. Neurobiol. Aging 33: 425.e19-27.
    • (2012) Neurobiol. Aging , vol.33 , pp. 425e19-425e27
    • Krikorian, R.1
  • 44
    • 0025816090 scopus 로고
    • Ketone infusion lowers hormonal responses to hypoglycaemia: evidence for acute cerebral utilization of a non-glucose fuel
    • Amiel, S.A. et al. 1991. Ketone infusion lowers hormonal responses to hypoglycaemia: evidence for acute cerebral utilization of a non-glucose fuel. Clin. Sci. (Lond.) 81: 189-194.
    • (1991) Clin. Sci. (Lond.) , vol.81 , pp. 189-194
    • Amiel, S.A.1
  • 45
    • 0028566199 scopus 로고
    • Effect of hyperketonemia and hyperlacticacidemia on symptoms, cognitive dysfunction, and counterregulatory hormone responses during hypoglycemia in normal humans
    • Veneman, T. et al. 1994. Effect of hyperketonemia and hyperlacticacidemia on symptoms, cognitive dysfunction, and counterregulatory hormone responses during hypoglycemia in normal humans. Diabetes 43: 1311-1317.
    • (1994) Diabetes , vol.43 , pp. 1311-1317
    • Veneman, T.1
  • 46
    • 1242338801 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of beta-hydroxybutyrate on cognition in memory-impaired adults
    • Reger, M.A. et al. 2004. Effects of beta-hydroxybutyrate on cognition in memory-impaired adults. Neurobiol. Aging 25: 311-314.
    • (2004) Neurobiol. Aging , vol.25 , pp. 311-314
    • Reger, M.A.1
  • 47
    • 69449085062 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Study of the ketogenic agent AC-1202 in mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial
    • Henderson, S.T. et al. 2009. Study of the ketogenic agent AC-1202 in mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial. Nutr. Metab. (Lond.) 6: 31.
    • (2009) Nutr. Metab. (Lond.) , vol.6 , pp. 31
    • Henderson, S.T.1
  • 48
    • 0035992255 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral beta-hydroxybutyrate supplementation in two patients with hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia: monitoring of beta-hydroxybutyrate levels in blood and cerebrospinal fluid, and in the brain by in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy
    • Plecko, B. et al. 2002. Oral beta-hydroxybutyrate supplementation in two patients with hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia: monitoring of beta-hydroxybutyrate levels in blood and cerebrospinal fluid, and in the brain by in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Pediatr. Res. 52: 301-306.
    • (2002) Pediatr. Res , vol.52 , pp. 301-306
    • Plecko, B.1
  • 49
    • 0029894079 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in cerebral blood flow and carbohydrate metabolism during acute hyperketonemia
    • Hasselbalch, S.G. et al. 1996. Changes in cerebral blood flow and carbohydrate metabolism during acute hyperketonemia. Am. J. Physiol. 270: E746-E751.
    • (1996) Am. J. Physiol , vol.270 , pp. E746-E751
    • Hasselbalch, S.G.1
  • 50
    • 84862236426 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kinetics, safety and tolerability of (R)-3-hydroxybutyl (R)-3-hydroxybutyrate in healthy adult subjects
    • Clarke, K. et al. 2012. Kinetics, safety and tolerability of (R)-3-hydroxybutyl (R)-3-hydroxybutyrate in healthy adult subjects. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 63: 401-408.
    • (2012) Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol , vol.63 , pp. 401-408
    • Clarke, K.1
  • 51
    • 84922709891 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new way to produce hyperketonemia: use of ketone ester in a case of Alzheimer's disease
    • Newport, M.T. et al. 2015. A new way to produce hyperketonemia: use of ketone ester in a case of Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement. 11: 99-103.
    • (2015) Alzheimers Dement , vol.11 , pp. 99-103
    • Newport, M.T.1
  • 52
    • 0020420292 scopus 로고
    • Medium-chain triglycerides: an update
    • Bach, A.C. & V.K. Babayan . 1982. Medium-chain triglycerides: an update. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 36: 950-962.
    • (1982) Am. J. Clin. Nutr , vol.36 , pp. 950-962
    • Bach, A.C.1    Babayan, V.K.2
  • 53
    • 0033983014 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Review of the toxicologic properties of medium-chain triglycerides
    • Traul, K.A. et al. 2000. Review of the toxicologic properties of medium-chain triglycerides. Food Chem. Toxicol. 38: 79-98.
    • (2000) Food Chem. Toxicol , vol.38 , pp. 79-98
    • Traul, K.A.1
  • 54
    • 84875368921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stimulation of mild, sustained ketonemia by medium-chain triacylglycerols in healthy humans: estimated potential contribution to brain energy metabolism
    • Courchesne-Loyer, A. et al. 2013. Stimulation of mild, sustained ketonemia by medium-chain triacylglycerols in healthy humans: estimated potential contribution to brain energy metabolism. Nutrition 29: 635-640.
    • (2013) Nutrition , vol.29 , pp. 635-640
    • Courchesne-Loyer, A.1
  • 55
    • 84905187426 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of the pentose phosphate pathway in cancer
    • Jiang, P., W. Du & M. Wu . 2014. Regulation of the pentose phosphate pathway in cancer. Protein Cell 5: 592-602.
    • (2014) Protein Cell , vol.5 , pp. 592-602
    • Jiang, P.1    Du, W.2    Wu, M.3
  • 56
    • 77950583501 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The pentose-phosphate pathway in neuronal survival against nitrosative stress
    • Bolanos, J.P. & A. Almeida . 2010. The pentose-phosphate pathway in neuronal survival against nitrosative stress. IUBMB Life 62: 14-18.
    • (2010) IUBMB Life , vol.62 , pp. 14-18
    • Bolanos, J.P.1    Almeida, A.2
  • 57
    • 0020546499 scopus 로고
    • Characterization of the insulin resistance of aging
    • Rowe, J.W. et al. 1983. Characterization of the insulin resistance of aging. J. Clin. Invest. 71: 1581-1587.
    • (1983) J. Clin. Invest , vol.71 , pp. 1581-1587
    • Rowe, J.W.1
  • 58
    • 0027958816 scopus 로고
    • Glucose tolerance and ageing
    • Stout, R.W. 1994. Glucose tolerance and ageing. J. R. Soc. Med. 87: 608-609.
    • (1994) J. R. Soc. Med , vol.87 , pp. 608-609
    • Stout, R.W.1
  • 59
    • 33746848935 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial biogenesis in the anticonvulsant mechanism of the ketogenic diet
    • Bough, K.J. et al. 2006. Mitochondrial biogenesis in the anticonvulsant mechanism of the ketogenic diet. Ann. Neurol. 60: 223-235.
    • (2006) Ann. Neurol , vol.60 , pp. 223-235
    • Bough, K.J.1
  • 61
    • 0029165323 scopus 로고
    • Brain uptake and metabolism of [1-11C]octanoate in rats: pharmacokinetic basis for its application as a radiopharmaceutical for studying brain fatty acid metabolism
    • Kuge, Y. et al. 1995. Brain uptake and metabolism of [1-11C]octanoate in rats: pharmacokinetic basis for its application as a radiopharmaceutical for studying brain fatty acid metabolism. Ann. Nucl. Med. 9: 137-142.
    • (1995) Ann. Nucl. Med , vol.9 , pp. 137-142
    • Kuge, Y.1
  • 62
    • 0026020414 scopus 로고
    • Fatty acid oxidation and ketogenesis by astrocytes in primary culture
    • Auestad, N. et al. 1991. Fatty acid oxidation and ketogenesis by astrocytes in primary culture. J. Neurochem. 56: 1376-1386.
    • (1991) J. Neurochem , vol.56 , pp. 1376-1386
    • Auestad, N.1
  • 63
    • 15344348978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pyruvate carboxylase deficiency: clinical and biochemical response to anaplerotic diet therapy
    • Mochel, F. et al. 2005. Pyruvate carboxylase deficiency: clinical and biochemical response to anaplerotic diet therapy. Mol. Genet. Metab. 84: 305-312.
    • (2005) Mol. Genet. Metab , vol.84 , pp. 305-312
    • Mochel, F.1
  • 64
    • 33745105118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anaplerotic molecules: current and future
    • Brunengraber, H. & C.R. Roe . 2006. Anaplerotic molecules: current and future. J. Inherit. Metab. Dis. 29: 327-331.
    • (2006) J. Inherit. Metab. Dis , vol.29 , pp. 327-331
    • Brunengraber, H.1    Roe, C.R.2
  • 65
    • 77958477311 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regional aerobic glycolysis in the human brain
    • Vaishnavi, S.N. et al. 2010. Regional aerobic glycolysis in the human brain. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 107: 17757-17762.
    • (2010) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. , vol.107 , pp. 17757-17762
    • Vaishnavi, S.N.1
  • 66
    • 84863464112 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain lactate metabolism: the discoveries and the controversies
    • Dienel, G.A. 2012. Brain lactate metabolism: the discoveries and the controversies. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 32: 1107-1138.
    • (2012) J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab , vol.32 , pp. 1107-1138
    • Dienel, G.A.1
  • 67
    • 84874659340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glutamatergic function in the resting awake human brain is supported by uniformly high oxidative energy
    • Hyder, F. et al. 2013. Glutamatergic function in the resting awake human brain is supported by uniformly high oxidative energy. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 33: 339-347.
    • (2013) J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab , vol.33 , pp. 339-347
    • Hyder, F.1
  • 68
    • 0036293650 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of acute hyperketonemia on the cerebral uptake of ketone bodies in nondiabetic subjects and IDDM patients
    • Blomqvist, G. et al. 2002. Effect of acute hyperketonemia on the cerebral uptake of ketone bodies in nondiabetic subjects and IDDM patients. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 283: E20-E28.
    • (2002) Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab , vol.283 , pp. E20-E28
    • Blomqvist, G.1
  • 69
    • 0022973047 scopus 로고
    • Thermic effect of medium-chain and long-chain triglycerides in man
    • Seaton, T.B. et al. 1986. Thermic effect of medium-chain and long-chain triglycerides in man. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 44: 630-634.
    • (1986) Am. J. Clin. Nutr , vol.44 , pp. 630-634
    • Seaton, T.B.1
  • 70
    • 0014470879 scopus 로고
    • Insulin and ketone responses to ingestion of medium and long-chain triglycerides in man
    • Pi-Sunyer, F.X., S.A. Hashim & T.B. Van Itallie . 1969. Insulin and ketone responses to ingestion of medium and long-chain triglycerides in man. Diabetes 18: 96-100.
    • (1969) Diabetes , vol.18 , pp. 96-100
    • Pi-Sunyer, F.X.1    Hashim, S.A.2    Van Itallie, T.B.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.