MicroRNA expression changes after atrial fibrillation catheter ablation

Pharmacogenomics

Volumn 16, Issue 16, 2015, Pages 1863-1877

  Sardu, Celestino ^a,b   Santamaria, Matteo ^b   Paolisso, Giuseppe ^a   Marfella, Raffaele ^a  

^a SECOND UNIVERSITY OF NAPLES   (Italy)

^b CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY   (Italy)

Author keywords

atrial fibrillation; catheter ablation; microRNA

Indexed keywords

ANTIARRHYTHMIC AGENT; BIOLOGICAL MARKER; CALCIUM; MICRORNA; MICRORNA 106; MICRORNA 133; MICRORNA 150; MICRORNA 21; MICRORNA 25; MICRORNA 26; MICRORNA 29; MICRORNA 30; MICRORNA 328; MICRORNA 409; MICRORNA 432; MICRORNA 590; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ABLATION THERAPY; ACTION POTENTIAL; ADENOVIRIDAE; ATRIAL FIBRILLATION; CALCIUM CELL LEVEL; CALCIUM TRANSPORT; CATHETER ABLATION; DOWN REGULATION; DRUG MECHANISM; ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY; FIBROSING ALVEOLITIS; HEART ARRHYTHMIA; HUMAN; MORBIDITY; MORTALITY; PAROXYSMAL ATRIAL FIBRILLATION; PATHOGENESIS; PHARMACOGENOMICS; PULMONARY VEIN; REVIEW; UPREGULATION; ANIMAL; BIOSYNTHESIS; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION; GENETICS; HEART CATHETERIZATION; METABOLISM; TRENDS;

ANIMALS; ATRIAL FIBRILLATION; CARDIAC CATHETERIZATION; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; CATHETER ABLATION; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION; HUMANS; MICRORNAS;

EID: 84947907447     PISSN: 14622416     EISSN: 17448042     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2217/pgs.15.117     Document Type: Review

References (107)

1. Patel NJ, Deshmukh A, Pant S et al. Contemporary trends of hospitalization for atrial fibrillation in the United States, 2000 through 2010: implications for healthcare planning. Circulation 129, 2371-2379 (2014).
2. Chugh SS, Havmoeller R, Narayanan K et al. Worldwide epidemiology of atrial fibrillation: a global burden of disease 2010 study. Circulation 129, 837-847 (2014).
3. Ball J, Carrington MJ, McMurray JJ, Stewart S. Atrial fibrillation: profile and burden of an evolving epidemic in the 21st century. Int. J. Cardiol. 167, 1807-1824 (2013).
4. January CT, Wann LS, Alpert JS et al. 2014 AHA/ACC/HRS Guideline for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: Executive Summary: a Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 64(21), 2246-2280 (2014).
5. Fuster V, Ryden LE, Cannom DS et al. 2011 ACCF/AHA/HRS focused updates incorporated into the ACC/AHA/ESC 2006 guidelines for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines developed in partnership with the European Society of Cardiology and in collaboration with the European Heart Rhythm Association and the Heart Rhythm Society. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 48, e149-e246 (2011).
6. Calkins H, Kuck KH, Cappato R et al. 2012 HRS/EHRA/ECAS expert consensus statement on catheter and surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation: recommendations for patient selection, procedural techniques, patient management and follow-up, definitions, endpoints, and research trial design: a report of the Heart Rhythm Society (HRS) Task Force on Catheter and Surgical Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation. Developed in Partnership with the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA), a registered branch of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Cardiac Arrhythmia Society (ECAS); and in collaboration with the American College of Cardiology (ACC), American Heart Association (AHA), the Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society (APHRS), and the Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS). Heart Rhythm 9, 632-696 (2012).
7. Camm AJ, Kirchhof P, Lip GY et al. Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation: the task force for the management of atrial fibrillation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur. Heart J. 31, 2369-2429 (2010).
8. Savelieva I, Kakouros N, Kourliouros A et al. Upstream therapies for management of atrial fibrillation: review of clinical evidence and implications for European Society of Cardiology guidelines: part I: primary prevention. Europace 13, 308-328 (2011).
9. Wakili R, Voigt N, Kaab S et al. Recent advances in the molecular pathophysiology of atrial fibrillation. J. Clin. Invest. 121, 2955-2968 (2011).
10. Calkins H, Brugada J, Packer DL et al. HRS/EHRA/ECAS expert consensus statement on catheter and surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation: recommendations for personnel, policy, procedures and follow-up: a report of the Heart Rhythm Society (HRS) Task Force on catheter and surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation. Heart Rhythm 4, 816-861 (2007).
11. Arriagada G, Berruezo A, Mont L et al. Predictors of arrhythmia recurrence in patientswith lone atrial fibrillation. Europace 10(1), 9-14 (2008).
12. van Wagoner DR, Pond AL, Lamorgese M, Rossie SS, McCarthy PM, Nerbonne JM. Atrial L-type Ca2+ currents and human atrial fibrillation. Circ. Res. 85, 428-436 (1999).
13. van Wagoner DR, Pond AL, McCarthy PM, Trimmer JS, Nerbonne JM. Outward K+ current densities and Kv1.5 expression are reduced in chronic human atrial fibrillation. Circ. Res. 80(6), 772-781 (1997).
14. Bikou O, Thomas D, Trappe K et al. Connexin 43 gene therapy prevents persistent atrial fibrillation in a porcine model. Cardiovasc. Res. 92(2), 218-225 (2011).
15. Severs NJ, Bruce AF, Dupont E, Rothery S. Remodelling of gap junctions and connexin expression in diseased myocardium. Cardiovasc. Res. 80(1), 9-19 (2008).
16. Severs NJ, Coppen SR, Dupont E, Yeh H-I, Ko Y-S, Matsushita T. Gap junction alterations in human cardiac disease. Cardiovasc. Res. 62(2), 368-377 (2004).
17. Caballero R, De la Fuente MG, Gomez R et al. In humans, chronic atrial 'fibrillation decreases the transient outward current and ultrarapid component of the delayed rectifier current differentially on each atria and increases the slow component of the delayed rectifier current in both. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 55(21), 2346-2354 (2010).
18. Colman MA, Oleg VA, Sanjay K et al. Pro-arrhythmogenic effects of atrial fibrillation-induced electrical remodelling: insights from the three-dimensional virtual human atria. J. Physiol. 591(17), 4249-4272 (2013).
19. Niels Voigt, Jordi Heijman, Qiongling Wang et al. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of atrial arrhythmogenesis in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Circulation 129(2), 145-156 (2014).
20. Chiang DY, Kongchan N, Beavers DL et al. Loss of microRNA-106b-25 cluster promotes atrial fibrillation by enhancing ryanodine receptor type-2 expression and calcium release. Circ. Arrhythm. Electrophysiol. 7(6), 1214-1222 (2014).
21. Jalife, J. Dejavu in the theories of atrial fibrillation dynamics. Cardiovasc. Res. 89(4), 766-775 (2011).
22. Burstein B, Nattel S. Atrial fibrosis: mechanisms and clinical relevance in atrial fibrillation. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 51(8), 802-809 (2008).
23. Nattel S, Burstein B, Dobrev D. Atrial remodeling and atrial fibrillation mechanisms and implications. Circ. Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 1, 62-73 (2008).
24. Marrouche N.F, Wilber D, Hindricks G et al. Association of atrial tissue fibrosis identified by delayed enhancement MRI and atrial fibrillation catheter ablation: the DECAAF study. JAMA 311(5), 498-506 (2014).
25. Ehrlich JR, Hohnloser SH, Nattel S. Role of angiotensin system and effects of its inhibition in atrial fibrillation: clinical and experimental evidence. Eur. Heart J. 27(5), 512-518 (2006).
26. Savelieva I, Camm J. Statins and polyunsaturated fatty acids for treatment of atrial fibrillation. Nat. Clin. Pract. Cardiovasc. Med. 5(1), 30-41 (2008).
27. Haïssaguerre M, Jais P, Shah D.C et al. Spontaneous initiation of atrial fibrillation by ectopic beats originating in the pulmonary veins. N. Engl. J. Med. 339, 659-666 (1998).
28. Xu J, Huang Y, Cai H, Qi Y, Jia N, Shen W et al. Is cryoballoon ablation preferable to radiofrequency ablation for treatment of atrial fibrillation by pulmonary vein isolation A meta-analysis. PLoS ONE 9(2), e90323 (2014).
29. Oral H, Chugh A, Yoshida K et al. A randomized assessment of the incremental role of ablation of complex fractionated atrial electrograms after antral pulmonary vein isolation for long-lasting persistent atrial fibrillation. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 53, 782-789 (2009).
30. Dixit S, Marchlinski FE, Lin D et al. Randomized ablation strategies for the treatment of persistent atrial fibrillation: RASTA study. Circ. Arrhythm. Electrophysiol. 5, 287-294 (2012).
31. Weerasooriya R, Khairy P, Litalien J et al. Catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation: are results maintained at 5 years of follow-up J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 57, 160-166 (2011).
32. Ganesan AN, Shipp NJ, Brooks AG et al. Long-term outcomes of catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J. Am. Heart Assoc. 2(2), e004549 (2013).
33. Reant P, Lafitte S, Jais P et al. Reverse remodeling of the left cardiac chambers after catheter ablation after 1 year in a series of patients with isolated atrial fibrillation. Circulation 112(19), 2896-2903 (2005).
34. McManus DD, Tanriverdi L, Esa N et al. Plasma microRNAs are associated with atrial fibrillation and change after catheter ablation (the miRhythm study). Heart Rhythm 12(1), 3-10 (2015).
35. Ruvkun G, Giusto J. The caenorhabditis elegans heterochronic gene lin-14 encodes a nuclear protein that forms a temporal developmental switch. Nature 338, 313-319 (1989).
36. Dvinge H, Git A, Graf S et al. The shaping and functional consequences of the microRNA landscape in breast cancer. Nature 497(7449), 378-382 (2013).
37. Van Rooij E, Olson EN. microRNA therapeutics for cardiovascular disease: opportunities and obstacles. Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. 11(11), 860-872 (2012).
38. Cullen BR. Transcription and processing of human microRNA precursors. Mol. Cell 16, 861-865 (2004).
39. Kim VN. microRNA biogenesis: coordinated cropping and dicing. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 6, 376-385 (2005).
40. Santulli G, Iaccarino G, De Luca N, Trimarco B, Condorelli G. Atrial fibrillation and microRNAs. Front. Physiol. 5, 15 (2014).
41. Thibaut Quillard and Beatrice Charreau. Impact of notch signaling on inflammatory responses in cardiovascular disorders. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 14(4), 6863-6888 (2003).
42. Ashley J. Waardenberg, Bianca C. Bernardo, Dominic C.H.Nq et al. Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase (PI3K(p110)) directly regulates key components of the Z-disc and cardiac structure. J. Biol. Chem. 286(35), 30837-30846 (2011).
43. Yang B, Lin H, Xiao J et al. The muscle-specific microRNA miR-1 causes cardiac arrhythmias by targeting GJA1 and KCNJ2 genes. Nat. Med. 13, 486-491 (2007).
44. Shan H, Li X, Pan Z, Zhang L et al. Tanshinone IIA protects against sudden cardiac death induced by lethal arrhythmias via repression of microRNA-1. Br. J. Pharmacol. 158, 1227-1235 (2009).
45. Girmatsion Z, Biliczki P, Bonauer A et al. Changes in microRNA-1 expression and IK1 up-regulation in human atrial fibrillation. Heart Rhythm 6, 1802-1809 (2009).
46. Terentyev D, Belevych AE, Terentyeva R et al. miR-1 overexpression enhances Ca2+ release and promotes cardiac arrhythmogenesis by targeting PP2A regulatory subunit B56alpha and causing CaMKII-dependent hyperphosphorylation of RyR2. Circ. Res. 104, 514-521 (2009).
47. Xu GJ, Gan TY, Tang BP et al. Changes in microRNAs expression are involved in age-related atrial structural remodeling and atrial fibrillation. Chin. Med. J. (Engl). 126(8), 1458-1463 (2013).
48. Jia X, Zheng S, Xie X et al. microRNA-1 accelerates the shortening of atrial effective refractory period by regulating KCNE1 and KCNB2 expression: an atrial tachypacing rabbit model. PLoS ONE 8(12), e85639 (2013).
49. Thum T, Gross C, Fiedler J et al. microRNA-21 contributes to myocardial disease by stimulating MAP kinase signaling in fibroblasts. Nature 456(7224), 980-984 (2008).
50. Zhang Y, Dong D, Yang B. Atrial remodeling in atrial fibrillation and association between microRNA network and atrial fibrillation. Sci. China Life Sci. 54, 1097e1102.75 (2011).
51. Thum T, Gross C, Fiedler J et al. microRNA-21 contributes to myocardial disease by stimulating MAP kinase signalling in fibroblasts. Nature 20456(7224), 980-984 (2011).
52. Adam O, Löhfelm B, Thum T et al. Role of miR-21 in the pathogenesis of atrial fibrosis. Basic Res. Cardiol. 107(5), 278 (2012).
53. Adam O, Frost G, Custodis F et al. Role of Rac1 GTPase activation in atrial fibrillation. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 50(4), 359-367 (2007).
54. Adam O, Lavall D, Theobald K et al. Rac1-induced connective tissue growth factor regulates connexin 43 and N-cadherin expression in atrial fibrillation. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 55(5), 469-480 (2010).
55. Ren J, Zhang J, Xu N et al. Signature of circulating microRNAs as potential biomarkers in vulnerable coronary artery disease. PLoS ONE 8(12), e80738 (2013).
56. Chiang DY, Kongchan N, Beavers DL et al. Loss of microRNA-106b-25 cluster promotes atrial fibrillation by enhancing ryanodine receptor type-2 expression and calcium release'. Circ. Arrhythm. Electrophysiol. 7(6), 1214-1222 (2014).
57. Wahlquist C, Jeong D, Rojas-Munõz A et al. Inhibition of miR-25 improves cardiac contractility in the failing heart. Nature 508(7497), 531-535 (2014).
58. Karbiener M, Pisani DF, Frontini A et al. microRNA-26 family is required for human adipogenesis and drives characteristics of brown adipocytes. Stem Cells 32(6), 1578-1590 (2014).
59. Lizao C, Jianming Z, Yan Z et al. Tumor-specific expression of microrna-26a suppresses human hepatocellular carcinoma growth via cyclin-dependent and-independent pathways. Mol. Ther. 19(8), 1521-1528 (2011).
60. Luo X, Pan Z, Xiao J et al. Critical role of microRNAs miR-26 and miR-101 in atrial electrical remodeling in experimental atrial fibrillation. Circulation 122, A19345 (2010).
61. Yu-Zhuo P, Morris EM, Yu AM. microRNA-328 negatively regulates the expression of breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) in human cancer cells. Mol. Pharmacol. 75(6), 1374-1379 (2009).
62. van Rooij E, Sutherland LB, Thatcher JE et al. Dysregulation of microRNAs after myocardial infarction reveals a role of miR-29 in cardiac fibrosis. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 105, 13027-13032 (2008).
63. Dawson K, Wakili R, Ordög B et al. microRNA29: a mechanistic contributor and potential biomarker in atrial fibrillation. Circulation 127(14), 1466-1475 (2013).
64. Kriegel AJ, Liu Y, Fang Y, Ding X, Liang M. The miR-29 family: genomics, cell biology, and relevance to renal and cardiovascular injury. Physiol. Genomics 44(4), 237-244 (2012).
65. Pan W, Zhong Y, Cheng C et al. miR-30-regulated autophagy mediates angiotensin II-induced myocardial hypertrophy. PLoS ONE 8(1), e53950 (2013).
66. Duisters RF, Tijsen AJ, Schroen B et al. miR-133 and miR-30 regulate connective tissue growth factor: implications for a role of microRNAs in myocardial matrix remodeling. Circ. Res. 104(2), 170-178 (2009).
67. Li H, Li S, Yu B, Liu S. Expression of miR-133 and miR-30 in chronic atrial fibrillation in canines. Mol. Med. Rep. 5(6), 1457-1460 (2012).
68. Duisters RF, Tijsen AJ, Schroen B et al. miR-133 and miR-30 regulate connective tissue growth factor: implications for a role of microRNAs in myocardial matrix remodeling. Circ. Res. 104, 170-178 (2009).
69. Xu C, Hu Y, Hou L et al.-Blocker carvedilol protects cardiomyocytes against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis by up-regulating miR-133 expression. J. Mol. Cell Cardiol. 75, 111-121 (2014).
70. Ning B, Qi X, Li Y, Liu H, Zhang F, Qin C. Biventricular pacing cardiac contractility modulation improves cardiac contractile function via upregulating SERCA2 and miR-133 in a rabbit model of congestive heart failure. Cell Physiol. Biochem. 33(5), 1389-1399 (2014).
71. Castaldi A, Zaglia T, Di Mauro V et al. microRNA-133 modulates the 1-adrenergic receptor transduction cascade. Circ. Res. 115(2), 273-283 (2014).
72. Xiao J, Luo X, Lin H et al. microRNA miR-133 represses HERG K+ channel expression contributing to QT prolongation in diabetic hearts. J. Biol. Chem. 282, 12363-12367 (2007).
73. Wang Z, Fermini B, Nattel S. The delayed outward potassium current (IK) in human atrial myocytes. Circ. Res. 73(2), 276-285 (1993).
74. Wang Z, Fermini B, Nattel S. Rapid and slow components of delayed rectifier outward current in human atrial myocytes. Cardiovasc. Res. 28(12), 1540-1515 (1994).
75. Chen YH, Xu SJ, Bendahhou S et al. KCNQ1 gain-of-function mutation in familial atrial fibrillation. Science 299(5604), 251-254 (2003).
76. JKim N, Kim M, Yun S et al. microRNA150 regulates the cytotoxicity of natural killers by targeting perforin-1. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 134(1), 195-203 (2014).
77. Devaux Y, Vausort M, McCann GP et al. microRNA-150: a novel marker of left ventricular remodeling after acute myocardial infarction. Circ. Cardiovasc. Genet. 6(3), 290-298 (2013).
78. Li X, Kong M, Jiang D, Qian J, Duan Q, Dong A. microRNA-150 aggravates H2O2-induced cardiac myocyte injury by down-regulating c-mybgene. Acta Biochim. Biophys. Sin (Shanghai) 45(9), 734-741 (2013).
79. Goren Y, Meiri E, Hogan C et al. Relation of reduced expression of miR-150 in platelets to atrial fibrillation in patients with chronic systolic heart failure. Am. J. Cardiol. 113(6), 976-981 (2014).
80. Sharma D, Li G, Xu G, Liu Y, Xu Y. Atrial remodeling in atrial fibrillation and some related microRNAs. Cardiology 120, 111e121 (2011).
81. Choudhury A, Chung I, Blann AD, Lip GY. Platelet surface CD62P and CD63, mean platelet volume, and soluble/platelet P-selectin as indexes of platelet function in atrial fibrillation: a comparison of "healthy control subjects" and "disease control subjects" in sinus rhythm. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 49, 1957e1964 (2007).
82. Cui L, Xuelian L, Xu G et al. microRNA-328 as a regulator of cardiac hypertrophy. Int. J. Cardiol. 173(2), 268-276 (2014).
83. Lu Y, Zhang Y, Wang N et al. Control of experimental atrial fibrillation by microRNA-328. Circulation 122(23), 2378-2387 (2010).
84. Qi XY, Yeh YH, Xiao L et al. Cellular signaling underlying atrial tachycardia remodeling of L-type calcium current. Circ. Res. 103(8), 845-854 (2008).
85. Liu M, Xu A, Yuan X et al. Downregulation of microRNA-409-3p promotes aggressiveness and metastasis in colorectal cancer: an indication for personalized medicine. J. Transl. Med. 13(18), 195 (2015).
86. Bai R, Weng C, Dong H, Li S, Chen G, Xu Z. microRNA-409-3p suppresses colorectal cancer invasion and metastasis partly by targeting GAB1 expression. Int. J. Cancer 137(10), 2310-2322 (2015).
87. Omura T, Kim S, Takeuchi K, Iwao H, Takeda T. Transforming growth factor beta 1 and extracellular matrix gene expression in isoprenaline induced cardiac hypertrophy: effects of inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system. Cardiovasc. Res. 28, 1835-1842 (1994).
88. Poudel P, Xu Y, Cui Z et al. Atrial fibrillation: recent advances in understanding the role of microRNAs in atrial remodeling with an electrophysiological overview. Cardiology 131, 58-67 (2015).
89. Hudson RS, Yi M, Esposito D et al. microRNA-1 is a candidate tumor suppressor and prognostic marker in human prostate cancer. Nucleic Acids Res. 40(8), 3689-3703 (2012).
90. Chen JF,Mandel EM, Thomson JM,The role of microRNA-1 and microRNA-133 in skeletal muscle proliferation and differentiation. Nat. Genet. 38, 228-233 (2006).
91. Samal E, Srivastava D. Serum response factor regulates a muscle-specific microRNA that targets Hand2 during cardiogenesis. Nature 436(7048), 214-220 (2005).
92. Widmer RJ, Chung WY, Herrmann J et al. The association between circulating microRNA levels and coronary endothelial function. PLoS ONE 9(10), e109650 (2014).
93. Lee S, Yu KR, Ryu YS et al. miR-543 and miR-590-3p regulate human mesenchymal stem cell aging via direct targeting of AIMP3/p18. Age (Dordr.) 36(6), 9724 (2014).
94. Ekhteraei-Tousi S, Mohammad-Soltani B, Sadeghizadeh M, Mowla SJ, Parsi S, Soleimani M. Inhibitory effect of Hsa-miR-590-5p on cardiosphere-derived stem cells differentiation through downregulation of TGFB signaling. J. Cell. Biochem. 116(1), 179-191 (2015).
95. Verheule S, Sato T, Everett T et al. Increased vulnerability to atrial fibrillation in transgenic mice with selective atrial fibrosis caused by overexpression of TGF-beta1. Circ. Res. 94, 1458-1465 (2004).
96. Adam O, Theobald K, Lavall D et al. Increased lysyl oxidase expression and collagen cross-linking during atrial fibrillation. J. Mol. Cell Cardiol. 50(4), 678-685 (2011).
97. Tekin G, Tekin YK, Sivri N, Yetkin E. Mean platelet volume in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. Blood Coagul. Fibrinolysis 24, 537-539 (2013).
98. Sardu C, Marfella R, Santulli G, Paolisso G. Functional role of miRNA in cardiac resynchronization therapy. Pharmacogenomics 15(8), 1159-1168 (2014).
99. Tian Liu, Shilong Zhong, Fang Rao, Yumei Xue, Zhoucuo Qi, Shulin Wu. Catheter ablation restores decreased plasma miR-409-3p and miR-432 in atrial fibrillation patients. Europace pii: euu366 (2015) (Epub ahead of print).
100. Das E, Jana NR, Bhattacharyya NP. Delayed cell cycle progression in STHdhQ111/HdhQ111 cells, a cell model for Huntington's disease mediated by microRNA-19a, microRNA-146a and microRNA-432. microRNA 4(2), 86-100 (2015).
101. Jiang N, Chen WJ, Zhang JW et al. Downregulation of miR-432 activates Wnt/-catenin signaling and promotes human hepatocellular carcinoma proliferation. Oncotarget 6(10), 7866-7879 (2015).
102. Marfella R, Di Filippo C, Potenza N et al. Circulating microRNA changes in heart failure patients treated with cardiac resynchronization therapy: responders vs. nonresponders. Eur. J. Heart Fail. 15(11), 1277-1288 (2013).
103. Sardu C, Barbieri M, Rizzo MR, Paolisso P, Paolisso G, Marfella R. Cardiac resynchronization therapy outcomes in Type 2 diabetic patients: role of microRNA changes. J. Diab. Res. 876010 (2015) (In Press).
104. Dobrev D, Carlsson L, Nattel S. Novel molecular targets for atrial fibrillation therapy. Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. 11, 275-291 (2012).
105. Santulli G, Wronska A, Uryu K et al. A selective microRNA-based strategy inhibits restenosis while preserving endothelial function. J. Clin. Invest. 124(9), 4102-4114 (2014).
106. van Rooij E, Kauppinen S. Development of microRNA therapeutics is coming of age. EMBO Mol. Med. 6(7), 851-864 (2014).
107. Janssen HL, Reesink HW, Lawitz EJ et al. Treatment of HCV infection by targeting microRNA. N. Engl. J. Med. 368(18), 1685-1694 (2013).