메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 49, Issue 22, 2015, Pages 1432-1446

Statement of the 3rd international exercise-associated hyponatremia consensus development conference, Carlsbad, California, 2015

(16)  Hew Butler, Tamara a   Rosner, Mitchell H b   Fowkes Godek, Sandra c   Dugas, Jonathan P d   Hoffman, Martin D e   Lewis, Douglas P f   Maughan, Ronald J g   Miller, Kevin C h   Montain, Scott J i   Rehrer, Nancy J j   Roberts, William O k   Rogers, Ian R l   Siegel, Arthur J m   Stuempfle, Kristin J n   Winger, James M o   Verbalis, Joseph G p  


Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CONSENSUS DEVELOPMENT; EDUCATION; EXERCISE; FORECASTING; HOSPITALIZATION; HUMAN; HYPONATREMIA; HYPOVOLEMIA; INFORMATION DISSEMINATION; PATIENT EDUCATION; PHYSIOLOGY; PROCEDURES; RISK FACTOR; SPORTS MEDICINE; THIRST; WATER-ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCE;

EID: 84946481723     PISSN: 03063674     EISSN: 14730480     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2015-095004     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (70)

References (189)
  • 1
    • 40549143064 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statement of the second international exercise-Associated hyponatremia consensus development conference, New Zealand, 2007
    • Hew-Butler TD, Ayus JC, Kipps C, et al. Statement of the Second International Exercise-Associated Hyponatremia Consensus Development Conference, New Zealand, 2007. Clin J Sport Med 2008; 18: 111-21.
    • (2008) Clin J Sport Med , vol.18 , pp. 111-121
    • Hew-Butler, T.D.1    Ayus, J.C.2    Kipps, C.3
  • 2
    • 33144490691 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Grading strength of recommendations and quality of evidence in clinical guidelines: Report from an American College of Chest Physicians task force
    • Guyatt G, Gutterman D, Baumann MH, et al. Grading strength of recommendations and quality of evidence in clinical guidelines: Report from an American College of Chest Physicians task force. Chest 2006; 129: 174-81.
    • (2006) Chest , vol.129 , pp. 174-181
    • Guyatt, G.1    Gutterman, D.2    Baumann, M.H.3
  • 3
    • 70449220312 scopus 로고
    • Interrelations between serum sodium concentration, serum osmolarity and total exchangeable sodium, total exchangeable potassium and total body water
    • Edelman IS, Leibman J, O'Meara MP, et al. Interrelations between serum sodium concentration, serum osmolarity and total exchangeable sodium, total exchangeable potassium and total body water. J Clin Invest 1958; 37: 1236-56.
    • (1958) J Clin Invest , vol.37 , pp. 1236-1256
    • Edelman, I.S.1    Leibman, J.2    O'Meara, M.P.3
  • 4
    • 1942439153 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determinants of plasma water sodium concentration as reflected in the Edelman equation: Role of osmotic and Gibbs-Donnan equilibrium
    • Nguyen MK, Kurtz I. Determinants of plasma water sodium concentration as reflected in the Edelman equation: Role of osmotic and Gibbs-Donnan equilibrium. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2004; 286: F828-37.
    • (2004) Am J Physiol Renal Physiol , vol.286 , pp. F828-F837
    • Nguyen, M.K.1    Kurtz, I.2
  • 5
    • 84896285517 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical practice guideline on diagnosis and treatment of hyponatraemia
    • Spasovski G, Vanholder R, Allolio B, et al. Clinical practice guideline on diagnosis and treatment of hyponatraemia. Eur J Endocrinol 2014; 170: G1-47.
    • (2014) Eur J Endocrinol , vol.170 , pp. G1-47
    • Spasovski, G.1    Vanholder, R.2    Allolio, B.3
  • 6
    • 35649016098 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyponatremia treatment guidelines 2007: Expert panel recommendations
    • Verbalis JG, Goldsmith SR, Greenberg A, et al. Hyponatremia treatment guidelines 2007: Expert panel recommendations. Am J Med 2007; 120: S1-21.
    • (2007) Am J Med , vol.120 , pp. S1-21
    • Verbalis, J.G.1    Goldsmith, S.R.2    Greenberg, A.3
  • 7
    • 0026470564 scopus 로고
    • Postoperative hyponatremic encephalopathy in menstruant women
    • Ayus JC, Wheeler JM, Arieff AI. Postoperative hyponatremic encephalopathy in menstruant women. Ann Intern Med 1992; 117: 891-7.
    • (1992) Ann Intern Med , vol.117 , pp. 891-897
    • Ayus, J.C.1    Wheeler, J.M.2    Arieff, A.I.3
  • 8
    • 33847157529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The treatment of symptomatic hyponatremia with hypertonic saline in an Ironman triathlete
    • Hew-Butler T, Anley C, Schwartz P, et al. The treatment of symptomatic hyponatremia with hypertonic saline in an Ironman triathlete. Clin J Sport Med 2007; 17: 68-9.
    • (2007) Clin J Sport Med , vol.17 , pp. 68-69
    • Hew-Butler, T.1    Anley, C.2    Schwartz, P.3
  • 9
    • 84857780554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fluid intake and changes in blood biochemistry, running speed and body mass during an 89 km mountain trail race
    • Tam N, Hew-Butler T, Papadopoulou E, et al. Fluid intake and changes in blood biochemistry, running speed and body mass during an 89 km mountain trail race. Med Sport 2009; 13: 108-15.
    • (2009) Med Sport , vol.13 , pp. 108-115
    • Tam, N.1    Hew-Butler, T.2    Papadopoulou, E.3
  • 10
    • 0036864426 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Weight changes, sodium levels, and performance in the South African Ironman triathlon
    • Sharwood K, Collins M, Goedecke J, et al. Weight changes, sodium levels, and performance in the South African Ironman triathlon. Clin J Sport Med 2002; 12: 391-9.
    • (2002) Clin J Sport Med , vol.12 , pp. 391-399
    • Sharwood, K.1    Collins, M.2    Goedecke, J.3
  • 11
    • 84936890510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidence of exercise-Associated hyponatremia and its association with nonosmotic stimuli of arginine vasopressin in the GNW100 s ultra-endurance marathon
    • Published Online First
    • Cairns RS, Hew-Butler T. Incidence of exercise-Associated hyponatremia and its association with nonosmotic stimuli of arginine vasopressin in the GNW100 s ultra-endurance marathon. Clin J Sport Med 2014. Published Online First. doi: 10.1097/JSM.0000000000000144
    • (2014) Clin J Sport Med
    • Cairns, R.S.1    Hew-Butler, T.2
  • 12
    • 34247168093 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maintenance of plasma volume and serum sodium concentration despite body weight loss in Ironman triathletes
    • Hew-Butler T, Collins M, Bosch A, et al. Maintenance of plasma volume and serum sodium concentration despite body weight loss in Ironman triathletes. Clin J Sport Med 2007; 17: 116-22.
    • (2007) Clin J Sport Med , vol.17 , pp. 116-122
    • Hew-Butler, T.1    Collins, M.2    Bosch, A.3
  • 13
    • 85027917293 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in copeptin and bioactive vasopressin in runners with and without hyponatremia
    • Hew-Butler T, Hoffman MD, Stuempfle KJ, et al. Changes in copeptin and bioactive vasopressin in runners with and without hyponatremia. Clin J Sport Med 2011; 21: 211-17.
    • (2011) Clin J Sport Med , vol.21 , pp. 211-217
    • Hew-Butler, T.1    Hoffman, M.D.2    Stuempfle, K.J.3
  • 14
    • 33644902352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sodium supplementation is not required to maintain serum sodium concentrations during an Ironman triathlon
    • Hew-Butler TD, Sharwood K, Collins M, et al. Sodium supplementation is not required to maintain serum sodium concentrations during an Ironman triathlon. Br J Sports Med 2006; 40: 255-9.
    • (2006) Br J Sports Med , vol.40 , pp. 255-259
    • Hew-Butler, T.D.1    Sharwood, K.2    Collins, M.3
  • 15
    • 77953813170 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in plasma vasopressin concentrations in cyclists participating in a 109 km cycle race
    • Hew-Butler T, Dugas JP, Noakes TD, et al. Changes in plasma vasopressin concentrations in cyclists participating in a 109 km cycle race. Br J Sports Med 2010; 44: 594-8.
    • (2010) Br J Sports Med , vol.44 , pp. 594-598
    • Hew-Butler, T.1    Dugas, J.P.2    Noakes, T.D.3
  • 16
    • 45149116656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Osmotic and non-osmotic regulation of arginine vasopressin during prolonged endurance exercise
    • Hew-Butler T, Jordaan E, Stuempfle KJ, et al. Osmotic and non-osmotic regulation of arginine vasopressin during prolonged endurance exercise. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008; 93: 2072-8.
    • (2008) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.93 , pp. 2072-2078
    • Hew-Butler, T.1    Jordaan, E.2    Stuempfle, K.J.3
  • 17
    • 0038561039 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Change in serum sodium concentration during a cold weather ultradistance race
    • Stuempfle KJ, Lehmann DR, Case HS, et al. Change in serum sodium concentration during a cold weather ultradistance race. Clin J Sport Med 2003; 13: 171-5.
    • (2003) Clin J Sport Med , vol.13 , pp. 171-175
    • Stuempfle, K.J.1    Lehmann, D.R.2    Case, H.S.3
  • 18
    • 0036632972 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyponatremia in a cold weather ultraendurance race
    • Stuempfle KJ, Lehmann DR, Case HS, et al. Hyponatremia in a cold weather ultraendurance race. Alaska Med 2002; 4: 51-5.
    • (2002) Alaska Med , vol.4 , pp. 51-55
    • Stuempfle, K.J.1    Lehmann, D.R.2    Case, H.S.3
  • 19
    • 0023185085 scopus 로고
    • Medical and physiological considerations in triathlons
    • Hiller DB, O'Toole ML, Fortress EE, et al. Medical and physiological considerations in triathlons. Am J Sports Med 1987; 15: 164-8.
    • (1987) Am J Sports Med , vol.15 , pp. 164-168
    • Hiller, D.B.1    O'Toole, M.L.2    Fortress, E.E.3
  • 20
    • 0028935687 scopus 로고
    • Fluid and electrolyte status in athletes receiving medical care at an ultradistance triathlon
    • O'Toole ML, Douglas PS, Laird RH, et al. Fluid and electrolyte status in athletes receiving medical care at an ultradistance triathlon. Clin J Sport Med 1995; 5: 116-22.
    • (1995) Clin J Sport Med , vol.5 , pp. 116-122
    • O'Toole, M.L.1    Douglas, P.S.2    Laird, R.H.3
  • 21
    • 0032878578 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasma-electrolytes in natives to hypoxia after marathon races at different altitudes
    • Schmidt W, Boning D, Bernal H, et al. Plasma-electrolytes in natives to hypoxia after marathon races at different altitudes. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1999; 31: 1406-13.
    • (1999) Med Sci Sports Exerc , vol.31 , pp. 1406-1413
    • Schmidt, W.1    Boning, D.2    Bernal, H.3
  • 22
    • 12244268604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Food intake and electrolyte status of ultramarathoners competing in extreme heat
    • Glace BW, Murphy CA, McHugh MP. Food intake and electrolyte status of ultramarathoners competing in extreme heat. J Am Coll Nutr 2002; 21: 553-9.
    • (2002) J Am Coll Nutr , vol.21 , pp. 553-559
    • Glace, B.W.1    Murphy, C.A.2    McHugh, M.P.3
  • 23
    • 0018140069 scopus 로고
    • Changes in serum electrolyte levels during marathon running
    • Cohen I, Zimmerman AL. Changes in serum electrolyte levels during marathon running. S Afr Med J 1978; 53: 449-53.
    • (1978) S Afr Med J , vol.53 , pp. 449-453
    • Cohen, I.1    Zimmerman, A.L.2
  • 24
    • 0014866910 scopus 로고
    • Serum electrolyte changes after marathon running
    • Rose LI, Carroll DR, Lowe SL, et al. Serum electrolyte changes after marathon running. J Appl Physiol 1970; 29: 449-51.
    • (1970) J Appl Physiol , vol.29 , pp. 449-451
    • Rose, L.I.1    Carroll, D.R.2    Lowe, S.L.3
  • 25
    • 0015212460 scopus 로고
    • Fluid and electrolyte balance during the Comrades Marathon
    • Dancaster CP, Whereat SJ. Fluid and electrolyte balance during the Comrades Marathon. S Afr Med J 1971; 45: 147-50.
    • (1971) S Afr Med J , vol.45 , pp. 147-150
    • Dancaster, C.P.1    Whereat, S.J.2
  • 26
    • 84893674243 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The prevalence of exercise-Associated hyponatremia in 24-hour ultra-mountain bikers, 24-hour ultra-runners and multi-stage ultra-mountain bikers in the Czech Republic
    • Chlibkova D, Knechtle B, Rosemann T, et al. The prevalence of exercise-Associated hyponatremia in 24-hour ultra-mountain bikers, 24-hour ultra-runners and multi-stage ultra-mountain bikers in the Czech Republic. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2014; 11: 3.
    • (2014) J Int Soc Sports Nutr , vol.11 , pp. 3
    • Chlibkova, D.1    Knechtle, B.2    Rosemann, T.3
  • 27
    • 84936891870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Body weight, serum sodium levels, and renal function in an ultra-distance mountain run
    • Published Online First
    • Scotney B, Reid S. Body weight, serum sodium levels, and renal function in an ultra-distance mountain run. Clin J Sport Med 2014. Published Online First. doi: 10.1097/JSM.0000000000000131
    • (2014) Clin J Sport Med
    • Scotney, B.1    Reid, S.2
  • 28
    • 78650885905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The incidence of exercise-Associated hyponatraemia in the London Marathon
    • Kipps C, Sharma S, Tunstall PD. The incidence of exercise-Associated hyponatraemia in the London Marathon. Br J Sports Med 2011; 45: 14-19.
    • (2011) Br J Sports Med , vol.45 , pp. 14-19
    • Kipps, C.1    Sharma, S.2    Tunstall, P.D.3
  • 29
    • 80051730276 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of hyponatremia, renal dysfunction, and other electrolyte abnormalities among runners before and after completing a marathon or half marathon
    • Mohseni M, Silvers S, McNeil R, et al. Prevalence of hyponatremia, renal dysfunction, and other electrolyte abnormalities among runners before and after completing a marathon or half marathon. Sports Health 2011; 3: 145-51.
    • (2011) Sports Health , vol.3 , pp. 145-151
    • Mohseni, M.1    Silvers, S.2    McNeil, R.3
  • 30
    • 84856515384 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • No case of exercise-Associated hyponatraemia in top male ultra-endurance cyclists: The 'Swiss Cycling Marathon'
    • Rust CA, Knechtle B, Knechtle P, et al. No case of exercise-Associated hyponatraemia in top male ultra-endurance cyclists: The 'Swiss Cycling Marathon'. Eur J Appl Physiol 2012; 112: 689-97.
    • (2012) Eur J Appl Physiol , vol.112 , pp. 689-697
    • Rust, C.A.1    Knechtle, B.2    Knechtle, P.3
  • 31
    • 49049121305 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyponatremia among runners in the Zurich Marathon
    • Mettler S, Rusch C, Frey WO, et al. Hyponatremia among runners in the Zurich Marathon. Clin J Sport Med 2008; 18: 344-9.
    • (2008) Clin J Sport Med , vol.18 , pp. 344-349
    • Mettler, S.1    Rusch, C.2    Frey, W.O.3
  • 32
    • 84861528924 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Higher prevalence of exercise-Associated hyponatremia in female than in male open-water ultra-endurance swimmers: The 'Marathon-Swim' in Lake Zurich
    • Wagner S, Knechtle B, Knechtle P, et al. Higher prevalence of exercise-Associated hyponatremia in female than in male open-water ultra-endurance swimmers: The 'Marathon-Swim' in Lake Zurich. Eur J Appl Physiol 2012; 112: 1095-106.
    • (2012) Eur J Appl Physiol , vol.112 , pp. 1095-1106
    • Wagner, S.1    Knechtle, B.2    Knechtle, P.3
  • 33
    • 79958177848 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low prevalence of exercise-Associated hyponatremia in male 100 km ultra-marathon runners in Switzerland
    • Knechtle B, Knechtle P, Rosemann T. Low prevalence of exercise-Associated hyponatremia in male 100 km ultra-marathon runners in Switzerland. Eur J Appl Physiol 2011; 111: 1007-16.
    • (2011) Eur J Appl Physiol , vol.111 , pp. 1007-1016
    • Knechtle, B.1    Knechtle, P.2    Rosemann, T.3
  • 34
    • 0026266342 scopus 로고
    • Hyponatremia induced by exercise: A 24-hour endurance March study
    • Galun E, Tur-Kaspa I, Assia E, et al. Hyponatremia induced by exercise: A 24-hour endurance March study. Miner Electrolyte Metab 1991; 17: 315-20.
    • (1991) Miner Electrolyte Metab , vol.17 , pp. 315-320
    • Galun, E.1    Tur-Kaspa, I.2    Assia, E.3
  • 35
    • 36049007118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for exercise-Associated hyponatremia in non-elite marathon runners
    • Chorley J, Cianca J, Divine J. Risk factors for exercise-Associated hyponatremia in non-elite marathon runners. Clin J Sport Med 2007; 7: 471-7.
    • (2007) Clin J Sport Med , vol.7 , pp. 471-477
    • Chorley, J.1    Cianca, J.2    Divine, J.3
  • 36
    • 33846991895 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for symptomatic hyponatraemia: The role of pre-existing asymptomatic hyponatraemia
    • Bissram M, Scott FD, Liu L, et al. Risk factors for symptomatic hyponatraemia: The role of pre-existing asymptomatic hyponatraemia. Intern Med J 2007; 37: 149-55.
    • (2007) Intern Med J , vol.37 , pp. 149-155
    • Bissram, M.1    Scott, F.D.2    Liu, L.3
  • 38
    • 0034595284 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyponatremia, cerebral edema, and noncardiogenic pulmonary edema in marathon runners
    • Ayus JC, Varon J, Arieff AI. Hyponatremia, cerebral edema, and noncardiogenic pulmonary edema in marathon runners. Ann Intern Med 2000; 132: 711-14.
    • (2000) Ann Intern Med , vol.132 , pp. 711-714
    • Ayus, J.C.1    Varon, J.2    Arieff, A.I.3
  • 39
    • 84894412581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Symptomatic hypotonic hyponatremia presenting at high altitude
    • Spano SJ, Reagle Z, Evans T. Symptomatic hypotonic hyponatremia presenting at high altitude. Wilderness Environ Med 2014; 25: 69-74.
    • (2014) Wilderness Environ Med , vol.25 , pp. 69-74
    • Spano, S.J.1    Reagle, Z.2    Evans, T.3
  • 40
    • 33746419754 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seizure disorder in a professional American football player
    • Dimeff RJ. Seizure disorder in a professional American football player. Curr Sports Med Rep 2006; 5: 173-6.
    • (2006) Curr Sports Med Rep , vol.5 , pp. 173-176
    • Dimeff, R.J.1
  • 41
    • 0031686221 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Iatrogenic acute hyponatraemia in a college athlete
    • Herfel R, Stone CK, Koury SI, et al. Iatrogenic acute hyponatraemia in a college athlete. Br J Sports Med 1998; 32: 257-8.
    • (1998) Br J Sports Med , vol.32 , pp. 257-258
    • Herfel, R.1    Stone, C.K.2    Koury, S.I.3
  • 42
    • 84878603116 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Large-volume hypertonic saline therapy in endurance athlete with exercise-Associated hyponatremic encephalopathy
    • Elsaesser TF, Pang PS, Malik S, et al. Large-volume hypertonic saline therapy in endurance athlete with exercise-Associated hyponatremic encephalopathy. J Emerg Med 2013; 44: 1132-5.
    • (2013) J Emerg Med , vol.44 , pp. 1132-1135
    • Elsaesser, T.F.1    Pang, P.S.2    Malik, S.3
  • 43
    • 33646481087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sudden collapse of a young female cross country runner
    • Kashyap AS, Anand KP, Kashyap S. Sudden collapse of a young female cross country runner. Br J Sports Med 2006; 40: E11.
    • (2006) Br J Sports Med , vol.40 , pp. e11
    • Kashyap, A.S.1    Anand, K.P.2    Kashyap, S.3
  • 45
    • 0345313644 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Death from hyponatremia as a result of acute water intoxication in an army basic trainee
    • Garigan TP, Ristedt DE. Death from hyponatremia as a result of acute water intoxication in an army basic trainee. Mil Med 1999; 164: 234-8.
    • (1999) Mil Med , vol.164 , pp. 234-238
    • Garigan, T.P.1    Ristedt, D.E.2
  • 47
    • 22944450702 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyponatremic encephalopathy in a marathon runner
    • Thompson J, Wolff AJ. Hyponatremic encephalopathy in a marathon runner. Chest 2003; 124: 313S.
    • (2003) Chest , vol.124 , pp. 313S
    • Thompson, J.1    Wolff, A.J.2
  • 48
    • 78650263825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pulmonary oedema and hyponatraemia after an Ironman triathlon
    • 2009.1764
    • Stefanko G, Lancashire B, Coombes JS, et al. Pulmonary oedema and hyponatraemia after an Ironman triathlon. BMJ Case Rep 2009; 2009: Bcr04.2009.1764.
    • (2009) BMJ Case Rep , vol.2009 , pp. bcr04
    • Stefanko, G.1    Lancashire, B.2    Coombes, J.S.3
  • 49
    • 84897585162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Overdrinking-induced hyponatraemia in the 2007 London Marathon
    • 2008.1002
    • Draper SB, Mori KJ, Lloyd-Owen S, et al. Overdrinking-induced hyponatraemia in the 2007 London Marathon. BMJ Case Rep 2009; 2009: Bcr09.2008.1002.
    • (2009) BMJ Case Rep , vol.2009 , pp. bcr09
    • Draper, S.B.1    Mori, K.J.2    Lloyd-Owen, S.3
  • 50
    • 45149102652 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Marathon related death due to brainstem herniation in rehydration-related hyponatremia: A case report
    • Petzold A, Keir G, Appleby I. Marathon related death due to brainstem herniation in rehydration-related hyponatremia: A case report. J Med Case Rep 2007; 1: 186.
    • (2007) J Med Case Rep , vol.1 , pp. 186
    • Petzold, A.1    Keir, G.2    Appleby, I.3
  • 51
    • 84924172623 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exercise-Associated hyponatremic encephalopathy in an endurance open water swimmer
    • Rogers IR, Grainger S, Nagree Y. Exercise-Associated hyponatremic encephalopathy in an endurance open water swimmer. Wilderness Environ Med 2015; 26: 59-61.
    • (2015) Wilderness Environ Med , vol.26 , pp. 59-61
    • Rogers, I.R.1    Grainger, S.2    Nagree, Y.3
  • 52
    • 0027236923 scopus 로고
    • Encephalopathy due to severe hyponatremia in an ultramarathon runner
    • Clark JM, Gennari FJ. Encephalopathy due to severe hyponatremia in an ultramarathon runner. West J Med 1993; 159: 188-9.
    • (1993) West J Med , vol.159 , pp. 188-189
    • Clark, J.M.1    Gennari, F.J.2
  • 53
    • 8644265178 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A study of haematological and biochemical parameters in runners completing a standard marathon
    • Reid SA, Speedy DB, Thompson JM, et al. A study of haematological and biochemical parameters in runners completing a standard marathon. Clin J Sport Med 2004; 14: 344-53.
    • (2004) Clin J Sport Med , vol.14 , pp. 344-353
    • Reid, S.A.1    Speedy, D.B.2    Thompson, J.M.3
  • 54
    • 77952008302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can changes in body mass and total body water accurately predict hyponatremia following a 161-km running race?
    • Lebus DK, Casazza GA, Hoffman MD, et al. Can changes in body mass and total body water accurately predict hyponatremia following a 161-km running race? Clin J Sport Med 2010; 20: 193-9.
    • (2010) Clin J Sport Med , vol.20 , pp. 193-199
    • Lebus, D.K.1    Casazza, G.A.2    Hoffman, M.D.3
  • 55
    • 84878876001 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exercise-Associated hyponatremia and hydration status in 161-km ultramarathoners
    • Hoffman MD, Hew-Butler T, Stuempfle KJ. Exercise-Associated hyponatremia and hydration status in 161-km ultramarathoners. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2013; 45: 784-91.
    • (2013) Med Sci Sports Exerc , vol.45 , pp. 784-791
    • Hoffman, M.D.1    Hew-Butler, T.2    Stuempfle, K.J.3
  • 58
    • 20144386747 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyponatremia among runners in the Boston Marathon
    • Almond CS, Shin AY, Fortescue EB, et al. Hyponatremia among runners in the Boston Marathon. N Engl J Med 2005; 352: 1550-6.
    • (2005) N Engl J Med , vol.352 , pp. 1550-1556
    • Almond, C.S.1    Shin, A.Y.2    Fortescue, E.B.3
  • 59
    • 84927713847 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dehydration and hyponatremia in professional rugby union players: A cohort study observing English premiership rugby union players during match play, field, and gym training in cool environmental conditions
    • Jones BL, O'Hara JP, Till K, et al. Dehydration and hyponatremia in professional rugby union players: A cohort study observing English premiership rugby union players during match play, field, and gym training in cool environmental conditions. J Strength Cond Res 2015; 29: 107-15.
    • (2015) J Strength Cond Res , vol.29 , pp. 107-115
    • Jones, B.L.1    O'Hara, J.P.2    Till, K.3
  • 60
    • 84941802722 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical research paper title: High incidence of hyponatremia in Rowers during a four-week training camp
    • Published Online First
    • Mayer CU, Treff G, Fenske WK, et al. Clinical research paper title: High incidence of hyponatremia in Rowers during a four-week training camp. Am J Med 2015. Published Online First. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2015.04.014
    • (2015) Am J Med
    • Mayer, C.U.1    Treff, G.2    Fenske, W.K.3
  • 61
    • 0037253040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The incidence, risk factors, and clinical manifestations of hyponatremia in marathon runners
    • Hew TD, Chorley JN, Cianca JC, et al. The incidence, risk factors, and clinical manifestations of hyponatremia in marathon runners. Clin J Sport Med 2003; 13: 41-7.
    • (2003) Clin J Sport Med , vol.13 , pp. 41-47
    • Hew, T.D.1    Chorley, J.N.2    Cianca, J.C.3
  • 62
    • 34247268567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyponatremia in marathon runners due to inappropriate arginine vasopressin secretion
    • Siegel AJ, Verbalis JG, Clement S, et al. Hyponatremia in marathon runners due to inappropriate arginine vasopressin secretion. Am J Med 2007; 120: 461.e11-467.e17.
    • (2007) Am J Med , vol.120 , pp. 461e11-467e17
    • Siegel, A.J.1    Verbalis, J.G.2    Clement, S.3
  • 63
    • 84936875491 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preps sports report
    • accessed 28 Apr 2015
    • Blevins R, Apel T. Preps sports report. The Clarion-Ledger, 2014. http://www.clarionledger.com/story/prepsreport/2014/08/25/walker-wilbanks-cause-of-deathrelated-To-over-hydration/14598215/(accessed 28 Apr 2015).
    • (2014) The Clarion-Ledger
    • Blevins, R.1    Apel, T.2
  • 64
    • 84941292280 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Update: Douglas County football player has died
    • 11 August . accessed 28 Apr 2015
    • Stevens A. Update: Douglas County football player has died. The Atlanta Journal-Constitution 14 A.D. 11 August 2015. http://www.ajc.com/news/news/familydouglas-county-football-player-has-no-brain/ngy2X/(accessed 28 Apr 2015).
    • (2015) The Atlanta Journal-Constitution 14 A. D
    • Stevens, A.1
  • 65
    • 84946480923 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bushwalker died from drinking too much water
    • Sydney Morning Herald. accessed 28 Apr 2015
    • Sydney Morning Herald. Bushwalker died from drinking too much water. Sydney Morning Herald, 2012. http://www.smh.com.au/national/bushwalker-died-fromdrinking-Too-much-water-20120917-2621c.html (accessed 28 Apr 2015).
    • (2012) Sydney Morning Herald
  • 66
    • 84936874380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Au Sable River Canoe Marathon pushes paddlers to the limits
    • 16 July. accessed 28 Apr 2015
    • Baumgarder A. Au Sable River Canoe Marathon pushes paddlers to the limits. The Bay City Times, MLive.com. 16 July 2009. http://www.mlive.com/sports/saginaw/index.ssf/2009/07/au-sable-river-canoe-marathon.html (accessed 28 Apr 2015).
    • (2009) The Bay City Times MLive.com.
    • Baumgarder, A.1
  • 67
    • 84936872774 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 8 Charged in Chico hazing death
    • 4 March. accessed 28 Apr 2015
    • Vega C. 8 Charged in Chico hazing death. SFGate. 4 March 2005. http://www.sfgate. com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/c/a/2005/03/04/HAZING.TMP (accessed 28 Apr 2015).
    • (2005) SFGate
    • Vega, C.1
  • 69
    • 84946478487 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coroner's office says athlete failed to replenish lost sodium
    • Electrolyte Imbalance Blamed in Death of Football Player. 29 August 2008. accessed 2 Sep
    • Electrolyte Imbalance Blamed in Death of Football Player. Coroner's office says athlete failed to replenish lost sodium. TurnTo23.com. 29 August 2008. http://www.turnto23.com/print/17338293/detail.html (accessed 2 Sep 2008).
    • (2008) TurnTo23.com
  • 70
    • 79953779035 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • First reported cases of exercise-Associated hyponatremia in Asia
    • Lee JK, Nio AQ, Ang WH, et al. First reported cases of exercise-Associated hyponatremia in Asia. Int J Sports Med 2011; 32: 297-302.
    • (2011) Int J Sports Med , vol.32 , pp. 297-302
    • Lee, J.K.1    Nio, A.Q.2    Ang, W.H.3
  • 71
    • 29444435800 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Three independent biological mechanisms cause exercise-Associated hyponatremia: Evidence from 2,135 weighed competitive athletic performances
    • Noakes TD, Sharwood K, Speedy D, et al. Three independent biological mechanisms cause exercise-Associated hyponatremia: Evidence from 2,135 weighed competitive athletic performances. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2005; 102: 18550-5.
    • (2005) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.102 , pp. 18550-18555
    • Noakes, T.D.1    Sharwood, K.2    Speedy, D.3
  • 72
    • 84933053714 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exercise-Associated hyponatremia with exertional rhabdomyolysis: Importance of proper treatment
    • Hoffman MD, Stuempfle KJ, Sullivan K, et al. Exercise-Associated hyponatremia with exertional rhabdomyolysis: Importance of proper treatment. Clin Nephrol 2015; 83: 235-42.
    • (2015) Clin Nephrol , vol.83 , pp. 235-242
    • Hoffman, M.D.1    Stuempfle, K.J.2    Sullivan, K.3
  • 73
    • 0032882383 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exertional heat illness and hyponatremia in hikers
    • Backer HD, Shopes E, Collins SL, et al. Exertional heat illness and hyponatremia in hikers. Am J Emerg Med 1999; 7: 532-9.
    • (1999) Am J Emerg Med , vol.7 , pp. 532-539
    • Backer, H.D.1    Shopes, E.2    Collins, S.L.3
  • 74
    • 84888001846 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exertional heat-related illnesses at the Grand Canyon National Park, 2004-2009
    • Noe RS, Choudhary E, Cheng-Dobson J, et al. Exertional heat-related illnesses at the Grand Canyon National Park, 2004-2009. Wilderness Environ Med 2013; 24: 422-8.
    • (2013) Wilderness Environ Med , vol.24 , pp. 422-428
    • Noe, R.S.1    Choudhary, E.2    Cheng-Dobson, J.3
  • 75
    • 0030062722 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Case series: Hyponatremia associated with moderate exercise
    • Zelingher J, Putterman C, Ilan Y, et al. Case series: Hyponatremia associated with moderate exercise. Am J Med Sci 1996; 311: 86-91.
    • (1996) Am J Med Sci , vol.311 , pp. 86-91
    • Zelingher, J.1    Putterman, C.2    Ilan, Y.3
  • 77
    • 84922481786 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Update: Exertional hyponatremia, active component, U.S. Armed Forces, 1999-2013
    • Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center
    • Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center. Update: Exertional hyponatremia, active component, U.S. Armed Forces, 1999-2013. MSRM 2014; 21: 18-21.
    • (2014) MSRM , vol.21 , pp. 18-21
  • 78
    • 0027489543 scopus 로고
    • Hyponatremia in recreational hikers in Grand Canyon National Park
    • Backer H, Shopes E, Collins SL. Hyponatremia in recreational hikers in Grand Canyon National Park. Wilderness Med 1993; 4: 391-406.
    • (1993) Wilderness Med , vol.4 , pp. 391-406
    • Backer, H.1    Shopes, E.2    Collins, S.L.3
  • 79
    • 51249085065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Severe hyponatremia develops in a runner following a halfmarathon
    • Glace B, Murphy C. Severe hyponatremia develops in a runner following a halfmarathon. JAAPA 2008; 21: 27-9.
    • (2008) JAAPA , vol.21 , pp. 27-29
    • Glace, B.1    Murphy, C.2
  • 81
    • 34547112530 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An unusual cause of exercise-induced hyponatremia
    • Morton A. An unusual cause of exercise-induced hyponatremia. Emerg Med Australas 2007; 19: 377-8.
    • (2007) Emerg Med Australas , vol.19 , pp. 377-378
    • Morton, A.1
  • 82
    • 84865848269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exercise associated hyponatraemia leading to tonic-clonic seizure
    • Reynolds CJ, Cleaver BJ, Finlay SE. Exercise associated hyponatraemia leading to tonic-clonic seizure. BMJ Case Rep 2012; 2012: Bcr0820114625.
    • (2012) BMJ Case Rep , vol.2012
    • Reynolds, C.J.1    Cleaver, B.J.2    Finlay, S.E.3
  • 83
    • 67650446824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exercise-Associated hyponatremia
    • Schucany WG. Exercise-Associated hyponatremia. Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent) 2007; 20: 398-401.
    • (2007) Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent). , vol.20 , pp. 398-401
    • Schucany, W.G.1
  • 84
    • 0027155648 scopus 로고
    • Symptomatic hyponatremia during prolonged exercise in heat
    • Armstrong LE, Curtis WC, Hubbard RW, et al. Symptomatic hyponatremia during prolonged exercise in heat. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1993; 25: 543-9.
    • (1993) Med Sci Sports Exerc , vol.25 , pp. 543-549
    • Armstrong, L.E.1    Curtis, W.C.2    Hubbard, R.W.3
  • 85
    • 18244399088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sex differences in voluntary fluid intake by older adults during exercise
    • Baker LB, Munce TA, Kenney WL. Sex differences in voluntary fluid intake by older adults during exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2005; 37: 789-96.
    • (2005) Med Sci Sports Exerc , vol.37 , pp. 789-796
    • Baker, L.B.1    Munce, T.A.2    Kenney, W.L.3
  • 86
    • 0035168531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peak rates of diuresis in healthy humans during oral fluid overload
    • Noakes TD, Wilson G, Gray DA, et al. Peak rates of diuresis in healthy humans during oral fluid overload. S Afr Med J 2001; 91: 852-7.
    • (2001) S Afr Med J , vol.91 , pp. 852-857
    • Noakes, T.D.1    Wilson, G.2    Gray, D.A.3
  • 87
    • 0034846730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Response to a fluid load in athletes with a history of exercise induced hyponatremia
    • Speedy DB, Noakes TD, Boswell T, et al. Response to a fluid load in athletes with a history of exercise induced hyponatremia. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2001; 33: 1434-42.
    • (2001) Med Sci Sports Exerc , vol.33 , pp. 1434-1442
    • Speedy, D.B.1    Noakes, T.D.2    Boswell, T.3
  • 88
    • 84936871098 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sports Dietitions Australia. 20 April. accessed 28 Apr 2105
    • Sports Dietitions Australia. Fact Sheet Sports Drinks. 20 April 2011. http://sportsdietitians.com.au/resources/upload/110616%20Sports%20Drinks.pdf (accessed 28 Apr 2105).
    • (2011) Fact Sheet Sports Drinks
  • 89
    • 33644840879 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exercise associated hyponatraemia: Quantitative analysis to understand the aetiology
    • Montain SJ, Cheuvront SN, Sawka MN. Exercise associated hyponatraemia: Quantitative analysis to understand the aetiology. Br J Sports Med 2006; 40: 98-105.
    • (2006) Br J Sports Med , vol.40 , pp. 98-105
    • Montain, S.J.1    Cheuvront, S.N.2    Sawka, M.N.3
  • 90
    • 22944490551 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exercise-Associated hyponatremia: A mathematical review
    • Weschler LB. Exercise-Associated hyponatremia: A mathematical review. Sports Med 2005; 35: 899-922.
    • (2005) Sports Med , vol.35 , pp. 899-922
    • Weschler, L.B.1
  • 91
    • 0034981644 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exercise-Associated hyponatremia in marathon runners: A two-year experience
    • Davis DP, Videen JS, Marino A, et al. Exercise-Associated hyponatremia in marathon runners: A two-year experience. J Emerg Med 2001; 21: 47-57.
    • (2001) J Emerg Med , vol.21 , pp. 47-57
    • Davis, D.P.1    Videen, J.S.2    Marino, A.3
  • 92
    • 33645984546 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NSAID use increases the risk of developing hyponatremia during an Ironman triathlon
    • Wharam PC, Speedy DB, Noakes TD, et al. NSAID use increases the risk of developing hyponatremia during an Ironman triathlon. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2006; 38: 618-22.
    • (2006) Med Sci Sports Exerc , vol.38 , pp. 618-622
    • Wharam, P.C.1    Speedy, D.B.2    Noakes, T.D.3
  • 93
    • 18244365601 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of indomethacin and celecoxib on renal function in athletes
    • Baker J, Cotter JD, Gerrard DF, et al. Effects of indomethacin and celecoxib on renal function in athletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2005; 37: 712-17.
    • (2005) Med Sci Sports Exerc , vol.37 , pp. 712-717
    • Baker, J.1    Cotter, J.D.2    Gerrard, D.F.3
  • 94
    • 0028037038 scopus 로고
    • Indomethacin potentiates exerciseinduced reduction in renal hemodynamics in athletes
    • Walker RJ, Fawcett JP, Flannery EM, et al. Indomethacin potentiates exerciseinduced reduction in renal hemodynamics in athletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1994; 26: 1302-6.
    • (1994) Med Sci Sports Exerc , vol.26 , pp. 1302-1306
    • Walker, R.J.1    Fawcett, J.P.2    Flannery, E.M.3
  • 95
    • 0019980935 scopus 로고
    • Rapid correction of severe hyponatremia with intravenous hypertonic saline solution
    • Ayus JC, Olivero JJ, Frommer JP. Rapid correction of severe hyponatremia with intravenous hypertonic saline solution. Am J Med 1982; 72: 43-8.
    • (1982) Am J Med , vol.72 , pp. 43-48
    • Ayus, J.C.1    Olivero, J.J.2    Frommer, J.P.3
  • 96
    • 3042615297 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Water intoxication presenting as a suspected contaminated urine sample for drug testing
    • Finkel KW. Water intoxication presenting as a suspected contaminated urine sample for drug testing. South Med J 2004; 97: 611-13.
    • (2004) South Med J , vol.97 , pp. 611-613
    • Finkel, K.W.1
  • 97
    • 0037117119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crash diet potomania
    • Fox BD. Crash diet potomania. Lancet 2002; 359: 942.
    • (2002) Lancet , vol.359 , pp. 942
    • Fox, B.D.1
  • 98
    • 0031747721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beer potomania in non-beer drinkers: Effect of low dietary solute intake
    • Thaler SM, Teitelbaum I, Berl T. "Beer potomania" in non-beer drinkers: Effect of low dietary solute intake. Am J Kidney Dis 1998; 31: 1028-31.
    • (1998) Am J Kidney Dis , vol.31 , pp. 1028-1031
    • Thaler, S.M.1    Teitelbaum, I.2    Berl, T.3
  • 99
    • 79954464955 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low abundance of sweat duct Cl-channel CFTR in both healthy and cystic fibrosis athletes with exceptionally salty sweat during exercise
    • Brown MB, Haack KK, Pollack BP, et al. Low abundance of sweat duct Cl-channel CFTR in both healthy and cystic fibrosis athletes with exceptionally salty sweat during exercise. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2011; 300: R605-15.
    • (2011) Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol , vol.300 , pp. R605-R615
    • Brown, M.B.1    Haack, K.K.2    Pollack, B.P.3
  • 100
    • 84879189980 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exercise-Associated hyponatremia in an ultra-endurance mountain biker: A case report
    • Khodaee M, Luyten D, Hew-Butler T. Exercise-Associated hyponatremia in an ultra-endurance mountain biker: A case report. Sports Health 2013; 5: 334-6.
    • (2013) Sports Health , vol.5 , pp. 334-336
    • Khodaee, M.1    Luyten, D.2    Hew-Butler, T.3
  • 101
    • 80053642576 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-sweat Na+ in cystic fibrosis and healthy individuals does not diminish thirst during exercise in the heat
    • Brown MB, McCarty NA, Millard-Stafford M. High-sweat Na+ in cystic fibrosis and healthy individuals does not diminish thirst during exercise in the heat. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2011; 301: R1177-85.
    • (2011) Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol , vol.301 , pp. R1177-R1185
    • Brown, M.B.1    McCarty, N.A.2    Millard-Stafford, M.3
  • 102
    • 0034058810 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of mouth state in the termination of drinking behavior in humans
    • Brunstrom JM, Tribbeck PM, MacRae AW. The role of mouth state in the termination of drinking behavior in humans. Physiol Behav 2000; 68: 579-83.
    • (2000) Physiol Behav , vol.68 , pp. 579-5483
    • Brunstrom, J.M.1    Tribbeck, P.M.2    MacRae, A.W.3
  • 103
    • 33749560076 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dipsogenic genes associated with weight changes during Ironman triathlons
    • Saunders CJ, de Milander L, Hew-Butler T, et al. Dipsogenic genes associated with weight changes during Ironman triathlons. Hum Mol Genet 2006; 15: 2980-7.
    • (2006) Hum Mol Genet , vol.15 , pp. 2980-2987
    • Saunders, C.J.1    De Milander, L.2    Hew-Butler, T.3
  • 104
    • 1242339750 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Severe hyponatremia associated with the combined use of thiazide diuretics and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
    • Rosner MH. Severe hyponatremia associated with the combined use of thiazide diuretics and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Am J Med Sci 2004; 327: 109-11.
    • (2004) Am J Med Sci , vol.327 , pp. 109-111
    • Rosner, M.H.1
  • 105
    • 0028928808 scopus 로고
    • Cystic fibrosis presenting as hyponatraemic heat exhaustion
    • Smith HR, Dhatt GS, Melia WM, et al. Cystic fibrosis presenting as hyponatraemic heat exhaustion. BMJ 1995; 310: 579-80.
    • (1995) BMJ , vol.310 , pp. 579-580
    • Smith, H.R.1    Dhatt, G.S.2    Melia, W.M.3
  • 106
    • 84898025782 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The need for salt: Does a relationship exist between cystic fibrosis and exercise-Associated hyponatremia?
    • Lewis DP, Hoffman MD, Stuempfle KJ, et al. The need for salt: Does a relationship exist between cystic fibrosis and exercise-Associated hyponatremia? J Strength Cond Res 2014; 28: 807-13.
    • (2014) J Strength Cond Res , vol.28 , pp. 807-813
    • Lewis, D.P.1    Hoffman, M.D.2    Stuempfle, K.J.3
  • 107
    • 14844282311 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An unusual presentation of cystic fibrosis in an adult
    • Dave S, Honney S, Raymond J, et al. An unusual presentation of cystic fibrosis in an adult. Am J Kidney Dis 2005; 45: E41-4.
    • (2005) Am J Kidney Dis , vol.45 , pp. e41-E44
    • Dave, S.1    Honney, S.2    Raymond, J.3
  • 108
    • 42049098596 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Severe episodes of extra cellular dehydration: An atypical adult presentation of cystic fibrosis
    • Augusto JF, Sayegh J, Malinge MC, et al. Severe episodes of extra cellular dehydration: An atypical adult presentation of cystic fibrosis. Clin Nephrol 2008; 69: 302-5.
    • (2008) Clin Nephrol , vol.69 , pp. 302-305
    • Augusto, J.F.1    Sayegh, J.2    Malinge, M.C.3
  • 109
    • 28644433645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mild cystic fibrosis revealed by persistent hyponatremia during the French 2003 heat wave, associated with the S1455X C-Terminus CFTR mutation
    • Epaud R, Girodon E, Corvol H, et al. Mild cystic fibrosis revealed by persistent hyponatremia during the French 2003 heat wave, associated with the S1455X C-Terminus CFTR mutation. Clin Genet 2005; 68: 552-3.
    • (2005) Clin Genet , vol.68 , pp. 552-553
    • Epaud, R.1    Girodon, E.2    Corvol, H.3
  • 110
    • 76949095643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypochloremia and hyponatremia as the initial presentation of cystic fibrosis in three adults
    • Priou-Guesdon M, Malinge MC, Augusto JF, et al. Hypochloremia and hyponatremia as the initial presentation of cystic fibrosis in three adults. Ann Endocrinol (Paris) 2010; 71: 46-50.
    • (2010) Ann Endocrinol (Paris). , vol.71 , pp. 46-50
    • Priou-Guesdon, M.1    Malinge, M.C.2    Augusto, J.F.3
  • 111
    • 84946479873 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Patient Registry. Bethesda, MD
    • Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Patient Registry. 2012 Annual Data Report. Bethesda, MD, 2012: 1-32.
    • (2012) 2012 Annual Data Report , pp. 1-32
  • 113
    • 0344011605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Certified athletic trainers' perceptions of exercise associated muscle cramps
    • Stone M, Edwards J, Stemmans C, et al. Certified athletic trainers' perceptions of exercise associated muscle cramps. J Sport Rehabil 2003; 12: 333-42.
    • (2003) J Sport Rehabil , vol.12 , pp. 333-342
    • Stone, M.1    Edwards, J.2    Stemmans, C.3
  • 114
    • 78049530226 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Three percent hypohydration does not affect threshold frequency of electrically induced cramps
    • Miller KC, Mack GW, Knight KL, et al. Three percent hypohydration does not affect threshold frequency of electrically induced cramps. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2010; 42: 2056-63.
    • (2010) Med Sci Sports Exerc , vol.42 , pp. 2056-2063
    • Miller, K.C.1    Mack, G.W.2    Knight, K.L.3
  • 115
    • 84879795010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Significant and serious dehydration does not affect skeletal muscle cramp threshold frequency
    • Braulick KW, Miller KC, Albrecht JM, et al. Significant and serious dehydration does not affect skeletal muscle cramp threshold frequency. Br J Sports Med 2013; 47: 710-14.
    • (2013) Br J Sports Med , vol.47 , pp. 710-714
    • Braulick, K.W.1    Miller, K.C.2    Albrecht, J.M.3
  • 116
    • 80054040681 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased running speed and pre-race muscle damage as risk factors for exercise-Associated muscle cramps in a 56 km ultra-marathon: A prospective cohort study
    • Schwellnus MP, Allie S, Derman W, et al. Increased running speed and pre-race muscle damage as risk factors for exercise-Associated muscle cramps in a 56 km ultra-marathon: A prospective cohort study. Br J Sports Med 2011; 45: 1132-6.
    • (2011) Br J Sports Med , vol.45 , pp. 1132-1136
    • Schwellnus, M.P.1    Allie, S.2    Derman, W.3
  • 117
    • 3843123274 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serum electrolyte concentrations and hydration status are not associated with exercise associated muscle cramping (EAMC) in distance runners
    • Schwellnus MP, Nicol J, Laubscher R, et al. Serum electrolyte concentrations and hydration status are not associated with exercise associated muscle cramping (EAMC) in distance runners. Br J Sports Med 2004; 38: 488-92.
    • (2004) Br J Sports Med , vol.38 , pp. 488-492
    • Schwellnus, M.P.1    Nicol, J.2    Laubscher, R.3
  • 118
    • 41149100698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Severe exercise-Associated hyponatremia on the Kokoda Trail, Papua New Guinea
    • Rothwell SP, Rosengren D. Severe exercise-Associated hyponatremia on the Kokoda Trail, Papua New Guinea. Wilderness Environ Med 2008; 19: 42-4.
    • (2008) Wilderness Environ Med , vol.19 , pp. 42-44
    • Rothwell, S.P.1    Rosengren, D.2
  • 119
    • 0021837913 scopus 로고
    • Water intoxication: A possible complication during endurance exercise
    • Noakes TD, Goodwin N, Rayner BL, et al. Water intoxication: A possible complication during endurance exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1985; 17: 370-5.
    • (1985) Med Sci Sports Exerc , vol.17 , pp. 370-375
    • Noakes, T.D.1    Goodwin, N.2    Rayner, B.L.3
  • 120
    • 77950197804 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does 'asymptomatic hyponatremia' exist?
    • Schrier RW. Does 'asymptomatic hyponatremia' exist? Nat Rev Nephrol 2010; 6: 185.
    • (2010) Nat Rev Nephrol , vol.6 , pp. 185
    • Schrier, R.W.1
  • 121
    • 84942948956 scopus 로고
    • Water intoxication: Report of a fatal human case with clinical, pathologic and experimental studies
    • Helwig FC, Schutz CB, Curry DE. Water intoxication: Report of a fatal human case with clinical, pathologic and experimental studies. JAMA 1935; 104: 1569-75.
    • (1935) JAMA , vol.104 , pp. 1569-1575
    • Helwig, F.C.1    Schutz, C.B.2    Curry, D.E.3
  • 122
    • 0022591458 scopus 로고
    • Hyponatremia and ultramarathon running
    • Frizzell RT, Lang GH, Lowance DC, et al. Hyponatremia and ultramarathon running. JAMA 1986; 255: 772-4.
    • (1986) JAMA , vol.255 , pp. 772-774
    • Frizzell, R.T.1    Lang, G.H.2    Lowance, D.C.3
  • 123
    • 0026053730 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of renal function and fluid homeostasis during recovery from exercise-induced hyponatremia
    • Irving RA, Noakes TD, Buck R, et al. Evaluation of renal function and fluid homeostasis during recovery from exercise-induced hyponatremia. J Appl Physiol 1991; 70: 342-8.
    • (1991) J Appl Physiol , vol.70 , pp. 342-348
    • Irving, R.A.1    Noakes, T.D.2    Buck, R.3
  • 124
    • 10044264133 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The dipsomania of great distance: Water intoxication in an Ironman triathlete
    • Noakes TD, Sharwood K, Collins M, et al. The dipsomania of great distance: Water intoxication in an Ironman triathlete. Br J Sports Med 2004; 38: E16.
    • (2004) Br J Sports Med , vol.38 , pp. E16
    • Noakes, T.D.1    Sharwood, K.2    Collins, M.3
  • 125
    • 0033984290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Profound hyponatremia and seizures in an Ironman triathlete
    • Speedy DB, Rogers IR, Safih S, et al. Profound hyponatremia and seizures in an Ironman triathlete. J Emerg Med 2000; 18: 41-4.
    • (2000) J Emerg Med , vol.18 , pp. 41-44
    • Speedy, D.B.1    Rogers, I.R.2    Safih, S.3
  • 127
    • 0034871086 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fluid and electrolyte balance in ultra-endurance sport
    • Rehrer NJ. Fluid and electrolyte balance in ultra-endurance sport. Sports Med 2001; 31: 701-15.
    • (2001) Sports Med , vol.31 , pp. 701-715
    • Rehrer, N.J.1
  • 128
    • 34147169857 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Errors in the estimation of hydration status from changes in body mass
    • Maughan RJ, Shirreffs SM, Leiper JB. Errors in the estimation of hydration status from changes in body mass. J Sports Sci 2007; 25: 797-804.
    • (2007) J Sports Sci , vol.25 , pp. 797-804
    • Maughan, R.J.1    Shirreffs, S.M.2    Leiper, J.B.3
  • 129
    • 22944481575 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urinary concentrating mechanism
    • In: Brenner B, ed. London: W.B. Saunders
    • Knepper MA. Urinary concentrating mechanism. In: Brenner B, ed. The kidney. London: W.B. Saunders, 2003.
    • (2003) The Kidney
    • Knepper, M.A.1
  • 130
    • 0018608873 scopus 로고
    • Influence of the emetic reflex on vasopressin release in man
    • Rowe JW, Shelton RL, Helderman JH, et al. Influence of the emetic reflex on vasopressin release in man. Kidney Int 1979; 16: 729-35.
    • (1979) Kidney Int , vol.16 , pp. 729-735
    • Rowe, J.W.1    Shelton, R.L.2    Helderman, J.H.3
  • 131
    • 0019737322 scopus 로고
    • Arginine vasopressin response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia in man
    • Baylis PH, Zerbe RL, Robertson GL. Arginine vasopressin response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia in man. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1981; 53: 935-40.
    • (1981) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.53 , pp. 935-940
    • Baylis, P.H.1    Zerbe, R.L.2    Robertson, G.L.3
  • 132
    • 0028801139 scopus 로고
    • Body temperature modification of osmotically induced vasopressin secretion and thirst in humans
    • Takamata A, Mack GW, Stachenfeld NS, et al. Body temperature modification of osmotically induced vasopressin secretion and thirst in humans. Am J Physiol 1995; 269: R874-80.
    • (1995) Am J Physiol , vol.269 , pp. R874-R880
    • Takamata, A.1    Mack, G.W.2    Stachenfeld, N.S.3
  • 134
    • 84870686168 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Avoid adding insult to injury-correct management of sick female endurance athletes
    • Hew-Butler TD, Boulter J, Bhorat R, et al. Avoid adding insult to injury-correct management of sick female endurance athletes. S Afr Med J 2012; 102: 927-30.
    • (2012) S Afr Med J , vol.102 , pp. 927-930
    • Hew-Butler, T.D.1    Boulter, J.2    Bhorat, R.3
  • 135
    • 73849163527 scopus 로고
    • The clinical and physiologic significance of the serum sodium concentration
    • Leaf A. The clinical and physiologic significance of the serum sodium concentration. N Engl J Med 1962; 267: 77-83.
    • (1962) N Engl J Med , vol.267 , pp. 77-83
    • Leaf, A.1
  • 136
    • 0023632478 scopus 로고
    • Clinical assessment of extracellular fluid volume in hyponatremia
    • Chung HM, Kluge R, Schrier RW, et al. Clinical assessment of extracellular fluid volume in hyponatremia. Am J Med 1987; 83: 905-8.
    • (1987) Am J Med , vol.83 , pp. 905-908
    • Chung, H.M.1    Kluge, R.2    Schrier, R.W.3
  • 137
    • 49249137752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Value of fractional uric acid excretion in differential diagnosis of hyponatremic patients on diuretics
    • Fenske W, Stork S, Koschker A, et al. Value of fractional uric acid excretion in differential diagnosis of hyponatremic patients on diuretics. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008; 93: 2991-7.
    • (2008) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.93 , pp. 2991-2997
    • Fenske, W.1    Stork, S.2    Koschker, A.3
  • 138
    • 77953678084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Utility and limitations of the traditional diagnostic approach to hyponatremia: A diagnostic study
    • Fenske W, Maier KG, Blechschmidt A, et al. Utility and limitations of the traditional diagnostic approach to hyponatremia: A diagnostic study. Am J Med 2010; 123: 652-7.
    • (2010) Am J Med , vol.123 , pp. 652-657
    • Fenske, W.1    Maier, K.G.2    Blechschmidt, A.3
  • 139
    • 84906309885 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of oral versus intravenous hypertonic saline in runners with hyponatremia
    • Owen BE, Rogers IR, Hoffman MD, et al. Efficacy of oral versus intravenous hypertonic saline in runners with hyponatremia. J Sci Med Sport 2014; 17: 457-62.
    • (2014) J Sci Med Sport , vol.17 , pp. 457-462
    • Owen, B.E.1    Rogers, I.R.2    Hoffman, M.D.3
  • 140
    • 0034171343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A prospective study of exercise-Associated hyponatremia in two ultradistance triathletes
    • Speedy DB, Noakes TD, Rogers IR, et al. A prospective study of exercise-Associated hyponatremia in two ultradistance triathletes. Clin J Sport Med 2000; 10: 136-41.
    • (2000) Clin J Sport Med , vol.10 , pp. 136-141
    • Speedy, D.B.1    Noakes, T.D.2    Rogers, I.R.3
  • 141
    • 0034304605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exercise-induced hyponatremia in ultradistance triathletes is caused by inappropriate fluid retention
    • Speedy DB, Rogers IR, Noakes TD, et al. Exercise-induced hyponatremia in ultradistance triathletes is caused by inappropriate fluid retention. Clin J Sport Med 2000; 10: 272-8.
    • (2000) Clin J Sport Med , vol.10 , pp. 272-278
    • Speedy, D.B.1    Rogers, I.R.2    Noakes, T.D.3
  • 142
    • 0033577337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is this patient hypovolemic?
    • McGee S, Abernathy WB, Simel D. Is this patient hypovolemic? JAMA 1999; 281: 1022-9.
    • (1999) JAMA , vol.281 , pp. 1022-1029
    • McGee, S.1    Abernathy, W.B.2    Simel, D.3
  • 143
    • 0030664194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Language guiding therapy: The case of dehydration versus volume depletion
    • Mange K, Matsuura D, Cizman B, et al. Language guiding therapy: The case of dehydration versus volume depletion. Ann Intern Med 1997; 127: 848-53.
    • (1997) Ann Intern Med , vol.127 , pp. 848-853
    • Mange, K.1    Matsuura, D.2    Cizman, B.3
  • 144
    • 79953016784 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnostic value of urine sodium concentration in hyponatremia due to syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion versus hypovolemia
    • Hato T, Ng R. Diagnostic value of urine sodium concentration in hyponatremia due to syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion versus hypovolemia. Hawaii Med J 2010; 69: 264-7.
    • (2010) Hawaii Med J , vol.69 , pp. 264-267
    • Hato, T.1    Ng, R.2
  • 145
    • 0021345132 scopus 로고
    • Abnormalities of thirst regulation
    • Robertson GL. Abnormalities of thirst regulation. Kidney Int 1984; 25: 460-9.
    • (1984) Kidney Int , vol.25 , pp. 460-469
    • Robertson, G.L.1
  • 146
    • 0031851695 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Angiotensin, thirst, and sodium appetite
    • Fitzsimons JT. Angiotensin, thirst, and sodium appetite. Physiol Rev 1998; 78: 583-686.
    • (1998) Physiol Rev , vol.78 , pp. 583-686
    • Fitzsimons, J.T.1
  • 147
    • 80054048311 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of two treatment protocols in the management of exercise-Associated postural hypotension: A randomised clinical trial
    • Anley C, Noakes T, Collins M, et al. A comparison of two treatment protocols in the management of exercise-Associated postural hypotension: A randomised clinical trial. Br J Sports Med 2011; 45: 1113-18.
    • (2011) Br J Sports Med , vol.45 , pp. 1113-1118
    • Anley, C.1    Noakes, T.2    Collins, M.3
  • 148
    • 80054022568 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exercise-Associated collapse: An evidencebased review and primer for clinicians
    • Asplund CA, O'Connor FG, Noakes TD. Exercise-Associated collapse: An evidencebased review and primer for clinicians. Br J Sports Med 2011; 45: 1157-62.
    • (2011) Br J Sports Med , vol.45 , pp. 1157-1162
    • Asplund, C.A.1    O'Connor, F.G.2    Noakes, T.D.3
  • 149
    • 78649359169 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A study of serum sodium level among Hong Kong runners
    • Au-Yeung KL, Wu WC, Yau WH, et al. A study of serum sodium level among Hong Kong runners. Clin J Sport Med 2010; 20: 482-7.
    • (2010) Clin J Sport Med , vol.20 , pp. 482-487
    • Au-Yeung, K.L.1    Wu, W.C.2    Yau, W.H.3
  • 150
    • 43449133856 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypernatremia and intravenous fluid resuscitation in collapsed ultramarathon runners
    • Hew-Butler T, Boulter J, Godlonton J, et al. Hypernatremia and intravenous fluid resuscitation in collapsed ultramarathon runners. Clin J Sport Med 2008; 18: 273-8.
    • (2008) Clin J Sport Med , vol.18 , pp. 273-278
    • Hew-Butler, T.1    Boulter, J.2    Godlonton, J.3
  • 151
    • 84861735108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyponatremia in an 85-year-old hiker: When depletion plus dilution produces delirium
    • Coler C, Hoffman MD, Towle G, et al. Hyponatremia in an 85-year-old hiker: When depletion plus dilution produces delirium. Wilderness Environ Med 2012; 23: 153-7.
    • (2012) Wilderness Environ Med , vol.23 , pp. 153-157
    • Coler, C.1    Hoffman, M.D.2    Towle, G.3
  • 153
    • 0035653709 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A syndrome of renal sodium loss and hyponatremia probably resulting from inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone. 1957
    • Schwartz WB, Bennett W, Curelop S, et al. A syndrome of renal sodium loss and hyponatremia probably resulting from inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone. 1957. J Am Soc Nephrol 2001; 12: 2860-70.
    • (2001) J Am Soc Nephrol , vol.12 , pp. 2860-2870
    • Schwartz, W.B.1    Bennett, W.2    Curelop, S.3
  • 154
    • 49049095776 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Practical management of exercise-Associated hyponatremic encephalopathy: The sodium paradox of non-osmotic vasopressin secretion
    • Hew-Butler T, Noakes TD, Siegel AJ. Practical management of exercise-Associated hyponatremic encephalopathy: The sodium paradox of non-osmotic vasopressin secretion. Clin J Sport Med 2008; 18: 350-4.
    • (2008) Clin J Sport Med , vol.18 , pp. 350-354
    • Hew-Butler, T.1    Noakes, T.D.2    Siegel, A.J.3
  • 155
    • 69849113261 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exertional dysnatremia in collapsed marathon runners: A critical role for point-of-care testing to guide appropriate therapy
    • Siegel AJ, d'Hemecourt P, Adner MM, et al. Exertional dysnatremia in collapsed marathon runners: A critical role for point-of-care testing to guide appropriate therapy. Am J Clin Pathol 2009; 132: 336-40.
    • (2009) Am J Clin Pathol , vol.132 , pp. 336-340
    • Siegel, A.J.1    D'Hemecourt, P.2    Adner, M.M.3
  • 156
    • 75749088883 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exercise-Associated hyponatremia with rhabdomyolysis during endurance exercise
    • Ellis C, Cuthill J, Hew-Butler T, et al. Exercise-Associated hyponatremia with rhabdomyolysis during endurance exercise. Phys Sportsmed 2009; 37: 126-32.
    • (2009) Phys Sportsmed , vol.37 , pp. 126-132
    • Ellis, C.1    Cuthill, J.2    Hew-Butler, T.3
  • 157
    • 0023489697 scopus 로고
    • Delirium and pulmonary edema after completing a marathon
    • Young M, Sciurba F, Rinaldo J. Delirium and pulmonary edema after completing a marathon. Am Rev Respir Dis 1987; 136: 737-9.
    • (1987) Am Rev Respir Dis , vol.136 , pp. 737-739
    • Young, M.1    Sciurba, F.2    Rinaldo, J.3
  • 158
    • 0348053120 scopus 로고
    • Water intoxication
    • Helwig FC, Kuhn HP. Water intoxication. JAMA 1938; 110: 644-5.
    • (1938) JAMA , vol.110 , pp. 644-645
    • Helwig, F.C.1    Kuhn, H.P.2
  • 159
    • 0025372883 scopus 로고
    • Long-Term neurological outcome in psychogenic water drinkers with severe symptomatic hyponatremia: The effect of rapid correction
    • Cheng JC, Zikos D, Skopicki HA, et al. Long-Term neurological outcome in psychogenic water drinkers with severe symptomatic hyponatremia: The effect of rapid correction. Am J Med 1990; 88: 561-6.
    • (1990) Am J Med , vol.88 , pp. 561-566
    • Cheng, J.C.1    Zikos, D.2    Skopicki, H.A.3
  • 160
    • 85027945283 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An intervention study of oral versus intravenous hypertonic saline administration in runners with exercise-Associated hyponatremia
    • Rogers IR, Hook G, Stuempfle KJ, et al. An intervention study of oral versus intravenous hypertonic saline administration in runners with exercise-Associated hyponatremia. Clin J Sport Med 2011; 21: 200-3.
    • (2011) Clin J Sport Med , vol.21 , pp. 200-203
    • Rogers, I.R.1    Hook, G.2    Stuempfle, K.J.3
  • 161
    • 0036107301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Death by water intoxication
    • Gardner JW. Death by water intoxication. Mil Med 2002; 167: 432-4.
    • (2002) Mil Med , vol.167 , pp. 432-434
    • Gardner, J.W.1
  • 162
    • 0036107673 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fatal water intoxication of an Army trainee during urine drug testing
    • Gardner JW, Gutmann FD. Fatal water intoxication of an Army trainee during urine drug testing. Mil Med 2002; 167: 435-7.
    • (2002) Mil Med , vol.167 , pp. 435-437
    • Gardner, J.W.1    Gutmann, F.D.2
  • 163
    • 33846817323 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Exercise and fluid replacement
    • Sawka MN, Burke LM, Eichner ER, et al. American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Exercise and fluid replacement. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2007; 39: 377-90.
    • (2007) Med Sci Sports Exerc , vol.39 , pp. 377-390
    • Sawka, M.N.1    Burke, L.M.2    Eichner, E.R.3
  • 164
    • 6344269720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Daily body mass variability and stability in active men undergoing exercise-heat stress
    • Cheuvront SN, Carter R III, Montain SJ, et al. Daily body mass variability and stability in active men undergoing exercise-heat stress. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2004; 14: 532-40.
    • (2004) Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab , vol.14 , pp. 532-540
    • Cheuvront, S.N.1    Carter, R.2    Montain, S.J.3
  • 165
    • 84903158235 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hydration strategies, weight change and performance in a 161 km ultramarathon
    • Hoffman MD, Stuempfle KJ. Hydration strategies, weight change and performance in a 161 km ultramarathon. Res Sports Med 2014; 22: 213-25.
    • (2014) Res Sports Med , vol.22 , pp. 213-225
    • Hoffman, M.D.1    Stuempfle, K.J.2
  • 166
    • 84939570776 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sodium supplementation and exercise-Associated hyponatremia during prolonged exercise
    • Published Online First
    • Hoffman MD, Stuempfle KJ. Sodium supplementation and exercise-Associated hyponatremia during prolonged exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2014. Published Online First. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000000599
    • (2014) Med Sci Sports Exerc
    • Hoffman, M.D.1    Stuempfle, K.J.2
  • 167
    • 84876162295 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characteristics of those with exercise-Associated hyponatremia after a 161-km run
    • Hoffman MD, Fogard K, Winger J, et al. Characteristics of those with exercise-Associated hyponatremia after a 161-km run. Res Sports Med 2012; 21: 164-75.
    • (2012) Res Sports Med , vol.21 , pp. 164-175
    • Hoffman, M.D.1    Fogard, K.2    Winger, J.3
  • 168
    • 0030997412 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thermal and circulatory responses during exercise: Effects of hypohydration, dehydration, and water intake
    • Armstrong LE, Maresh CM, Gabaree CV, et al. Thermal and circulatory responses during exercise: Effects of hypohydration, dehydration, and water intake. J Appl Physiol 1997; 82: 2028-35.
    • (1997) J Appl Physiol , vol.82 , pp. 2028-2035
    • Armstrong, L.E.1    Maresh, C.M.2    Gabaree, C.V.3
  • 169
    • 0034761019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ad libitum fluid intakes and thermoregulatory responses of female distance runners in three environments
    • Cheuvront SN, Haymes EM. Ad libitum fluid intakes and thermoregulatory responses of female distance runners in three environments. J Sports Sci 2001; 19: 845-54.
    • (2001) J Sports Sci , vol.19 , pp. 845-854
    • Cheuvront, S.N.1    Haymes, E.M.2
  • 171
    • 0036068642 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of mouth dryness on drinking behavior and beverage acceptability
    • Brunstrom JM. Effects of mouth dryness on drinking behavior and beverage acceptability. Physiol Behav 2002; 76: 423-9.
    • (2002) Physiol Behav , vol.76 , pp. 423-429
    • Brunstrom, J.M.1
  • 172
    • 84908112146 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drinking to thirst versus drinking ad libitum during road cycling
    • Armstrong LE, Johnson EC, Kunces LJ, et al. Drinking to thirst versus drinking ad libitum during road cycling. J Athl Train 2014; 49: 624-31.
    • (2014) J Athl Train , vol.49 , pp. 624-631
    • Armstrong, L.E.1    Johnson, E.C.2    Kunces, L.J.3
  • 173
    • 0033028870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sodium-free fluid ingestion decreases plasma sodium during exercise in the heat
    • Vrijens DM, Rehrer NJ. Sodium-free fluid ingestion decreases plasma sodium during exercise in the heat. J Appl Physiol 1999; 86: 1847-51.
    • (1999) J Appl Physiol , vol.86 , pp. 1847-1851
    • Vrijens, D.M.1    Rehrer, N.J.2
  • 174
    • 0041568399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of different sodium concentrations in replacement fluids during prolonged exercise in women
    • Twerenbold R, Knechtle B, Kakebeeke TH, et al. Effects of different sodium concentrations in replacement fluids during prolonged exercise in women. Br J Sports Med 2003; 37: 300-3.
    • (2003) Br J Sports Med , vol.37 , pp. 300-303
    • Twerenbold, R.1    Knechtle, B.2    Kakebeeke, T.H.3
  • 175
    • 84956582438 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of oral salt supplementation on physical performance during a half-ironman: A randomized controlled trial
    • Published Online First
    • Del Coso J, Gonzalez-Millan C, Salinero JJ, et al. Effects of oral salt supplementation on physical performance during a half-ironman: A randomized controlled trial. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2015. Published Online First. doi: 10.1111/sms.12427
    • (2015) Scand J Med Sci Sports
    • Del Coso, J.1    Gonzalez-Millan, C.2    Salinero, J.J.3
  • 176
    • 0036747447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral salt supplementation during ultradistance exercise
    • Speedy DB, Thompson JM, Rodgers I, et al. Oral salt supplementation during ultradistance exercise. Clin J Sport Med 2002; 12: 279-84.
    • (2002) Clin J Sport Med , vol.12 , pp. 279-284
    • Speedy, D.B.1    Thompson, J.M.2    Rodgers, I.3
  • 177
    • 33846260075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An ultracyclist with pulmonary edema during the bicycle race across America
    • Luks AM, Robertson HT, Swenson ER. An ultracyclist with pulmonary edema during the bicycle race across America. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2007; 39: 8-12.
    • (2007) Med Sci Sports Exerc , vol.39 , pp. 8-12
    • Luks, A.M.1    Robertson, H.T.2    Swenson, E.R.3
  • 178
    • 10044228601 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Weight changes, medical complications and performance during an Ironman triathlon
    • Sharwood K, Collins M, Goedecke J, et al. Weight changes, medical complications and performance during an Ironman triathlon. Br J Sports Med 2004; 38: 718-24.
    • (2004) Br J Sports Med , vol.38 , pp. 718-724
    • Sharwood, K.1    Collins, M.2    Goedecke, J.3
  • 179
    • 0033628378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnosis and prevention of hyponatremia at an ultradistance triathlon
    • Speedy DB, Rogers IR, Noakes TD, et al. Diagnosis and prevention of hyponatremia at an ultradistance triathlon. Clin J Sport Med 2000; 10: 52-8.
    • (2000) Clin J Sport Med , vol.10 , pp. 52-58
    • Speedy, D.B.1    Rogers, I.R.2    Noakes, T.D.3
  • 180
    • 34447304628 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serum biochemistry and morbidity among runners presenting for medical care after an Australian mountain ultramarathon
    • Reid SA, King MJ. Serum biochemistry and morbidity among runners presenting for medical care after an Australian mountain ultramarathon. Clin J Sport Med 2007; 17: 307-10.
    • (2007) Clin J Sport Med , vol.17 , pp. 307-310
    • Reid, S.A.1    King, M.J.2
  • 181
    • 34447321044 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dysnatremia predicts a delayed recovery in collapsed ultramarathon runners
    • Hew-Butler T, Sharwood K, Boulter J, et al. Dysnatremia predicts a delayed recovery in collapsed ultramarathon runners. Clin J Sport Med 2007; 17: 289-96.
    • (2007) Clin J Sport Med , vol.17 , pp. 289-296
    • Hew-Butler, T.1    Sharwood, K.2    Boulter, J.3
  • 182
    • 0014125525 scopus 로고
    • Rectal temperatures, weight losses, and sweat rates in marathon running
    • Pugh LG, Corbett JL, Johnson RH. Rectal temperatures, weight losses, and sweat rates in marathon running. J Appl Physiol 1967; 23: 347-52.
    • (1967) J Appl Physiol , vol.23 , pp. 347-352
    • Pugh, L.G.1    Corbett, J.L.2    Johnson, R.H.3
  • 183
    • 84936885763 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exercise-Associated hyponatremic encephalopathy and exertional heatstroke in a soldier: High rates of fluid intake during exercise caused rather than prevented a fatal outcome
    • Nolte HW, Hew-Butler T, Noakes TD, et al. Exercise-Associated hyponatremic encephalopathy and exertional heatstroke in a soldier: High rates of fluid intake during exercise caused rather than prevented a fatal outcome. Phys Sportsmed 2015; 43: 93-8.
    • (2015) Phys Sportsmed , vol.43 , pp. 93-98
    • Nolte, H.W.1    Hew-Butler, T.2    Noakes, T.D.3
  • 184
    • 0031037418 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Whole body sweat collection in humans: An improved method with preliminary data on electrolyte content
    • Shirreffs SM, Maughan RJ. Whole body sweat collection in humans: An improved method with preliminary data on electrolyte content. J Appl Physiol 1997; 82: 336-41.
    • (1997) J Appl Physiol , vol.82 , pp. 336-341
    • Shirreffs, S.M.1    Maughan, R.J.2
  • 185
    • 77957106777 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sweat rates, sweat sodium concentrations, and sodium losses in 3 groups of professional football players
    • Fowkes-Godek S, Peduzzi C, Burkholder R, et al. Sweat rates, sweat sodium concentrations, and sodium losses in 3 groups of professional football players. J Athl Train 2010; 45: 364-71.
    • (2010) J Athl Train , vol.45 , pp. 364-371
    • Fowkes-Godek, S.1    Peduzzi, C.2    Burkholder, R.3
  • 186
    • 16444364339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sweat rate and fluid turnover in American football players compared with runners in a hot and humid environment
    • Fowkes-Godek S, Bartolozzi AR, Godek JJ. Sweat rate and fluid turnover in American football players compared with runners in a hot and humid environment. Br J Sports Med 2005; 39: 205-11.
    • (2005) Br J Sports Med , vol.39 , pp. 205-211
    • Fowkes-Godek, S.1    Bartolozzi, A.R.2    Godek, J.J.3
  • 187
    • 84869505898 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyponatremia is associated with higher NT-proBNP than normonatremia after prolonged exercise
    • Harris G, Reid S, Sikaris K, et al. Hyponatremia is associated with higher NT-proBNP than normonatremia after prolonged exercise. Clin J Sport Med 2012; 22: 488-94.
    • (2012) Clin J Sport Med , vol.22 , pp. 488-494
    • Harris, G.1    Reid, S.2    Sikaris, K.3
  • 188
    • 19044393412 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hydration status in college football players during consecutive days of twice-A-day preseason practices
    • Fowkes-Godek S, Godek JJ, Bartolozzi AR. Hydration status in college football players during consecutive days of twice-A-day preseason practices. Am J Sports Med 2005; 33: 843-51.
    • (2005) Am J Sports Med , vol.33 , pp. 843-851
    • Fowkes-Godek, S.1    Godek, J.J.2    Bartolozzi, A.R.3
  • 189
    • 3643053995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complications of fluid overload in heat casualty prevention during field training
    • Reynolds NC Jr, Schumaker HD, Feighery S. Complications of fluid overload in heat casualty prevention during field training. Mil Med 1998; 163: 789-91.
    • (1998) Mil Med , vol.163 , pp. 789-791
    • Reynolds, N.C.1    Schumaker, H.D.2    Feighery, S.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.