메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 20, Issue 1, 2015, Pages 61-87

What makes a city smart? Identifying core components and proposing an integrative and comprehensive conceptualization

Author keywords

bridging theory and practice; city innovation; digital city; digital government; e government; Smart city; smart government; urban innovation

Indexed keywords


EID: 84942771967     PISSN: 15701255     EISSN: 18758754     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3233/IP-150354     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (305)

References (209)
  • 3
    • 34548323844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Art, light and landscape new agendas for urban development
    • Alves, T. (2007). Art, light and landscape new agendas for urban development. European Planning Studies, 15(9), 1247-1260.
    • (2007) European Planning Studies , vol.15 , Issue.9 , pp. 1247-1260
    • Alves, T.1
  • 6
    • 33746538298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The implementation model of a digital city
    • Anthopoulos, L., & Tsoukalas, I. A. (2005). The implementation model of a digital city. Journal of E-Government, 2(2), 91-110.
    • (2005) Journal of E-Government , vol.2 , Issue.2 , pp. 91-110
    • Anthopoulos, L.1    Tsoukalas, I.A.2
  • 7
    • 65449166385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The consequences of the creative class: The pursuit of creativity strategies in Australia's cities
    • Atkinson, R., & Easthope, H. (2009). The consequences of the creative class: The pursuit of creativity strategies in Australia's cities. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 33(1), 64-79.
    • (2009) International Journal of Urban and Regional Research , vol.33 , Issue.1 , pp. 64-79
    • Atkinson, R.1    Easthope, H.2
  • 8
    • 70350080492 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Competing urban visions and the shaping of the digital city
    • Aurigi, A. (2005). Competing urban visions and the shaping of the digital city. Knowledge, Technology & Policy, 18(1), 12-26.
    • (2005) Knowledge, Technology & Policy , vol.18 , Issue.1 , pp. 12-26
    • Aurigi, A.1
  • 9
    • 33947186277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New technologies, same dilemmas: Policy and design issues for the augmented city
    • Aurigi, A. (2006). New technologies, same dilemmas: Policy and design issues for the augmented city. Journal of Urban Technology, 13(3), 5-28.
    • (2006) Journal of Urban Technology , vol.13 , Issue.3 , pp. 5-28
    • Aurigi, A.1
  • 11
    • 0039331654 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Institutionalization and structuration: Studying the links between action and institution
    • Barley, S. R. & Tolbert, P. (1997). Institutionalization and structuration: Studying the links between action and institution. Organization Studies, 18(1), 93-117.
    • (1997) Organization Studies , vol.18 , Issue.1 , pp. 93-117
    • Barley, S.R.1    Tolbert, P.2
  • 12
    • 84942785745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smart city: Social entrepreneurship and community engagement in a rural regional city
    • Brisbane, Australia, August
    • Bartlett, L. (2005). Smart city: Social entrepreneurship and community engagement in a rural regional city. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Engaging Communities, Brisbane, Australia, August 14-17.
    • (2005) Proceedings of the International Conference on Engaging Communities , pp. 14-17
    • Bartlett, L.1
  • 13
    • 84906271197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Online services management support for an intelligent locality
    • Bətəgan, L., & Pocvnicu, A. (2011). Online services management support for an intelligent locality. Theoretical & Applied Economics, 18(7), 19-30.
    • (2011) Theoretical & Applied Economics , vol.18 , Issue.7 , pp. 19-30
    • Bətəgan, L.1    Pocvnicu, A.2
  • 14
    • 77950994076 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diversity and creativity as seedbeds for urban and regional dynamics
    • Baycan-Levent, T. (2010). Diversity and creativity as seedbeds for urban and regional dynamics. European Planning Studies, 18(4), 565-594.
    • (2010) European Planning Studies , vol.18 , Issue.4 , pp. 565-594
    • Baycan-Levent, T.1
  • 15
    • 34447512678 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The rise of the creative city: Culture and creativity in Copenhagen
    • Bayliss, D. (2007). The rise of the creative city: Culture and creativity in Copenhagen. European Planning Studies, 15(7), 889-903.
    • (2007) European Planning Studies , vol.15 , Issue.7 , pp. 889-903
    • Bayliss, D.1
  • 17
    • 77953568642 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using ICTs to create a culture of transparency: E-government and social media as openness and anti-corruption tools for societies
    • Bertot, J. C., Jaeger, P. T., & Grimes, J. M. (2010b). Using ICTs to create a culture of transparency: E-government and social media as openness and anti-corruption tools for societies. Government Information Quarterly, 27(3), 264-271.
    • (2010) Government Information Quarterly , vol.27 , Issue.3 , pp. 264-271
    • Bertot, J.C.1    Jaeger, P.T.2    Grimes, J.M.3
  • 18
    • 84858392690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Promoting transparency and accountability through ICTs, social media, and collaborative e-government
    • Bertot, J. C., Jaeger, P. T., & Grimes, J. M. (2012). Promoting transparency and accountability through ICTs, social media, and collaborative e-government. Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy, 6(1), 78-91.
    • (2012) Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy , vol.6 , Issue.1 , pp. 78-91
    • Bertot, J.C.1    Jaeger, P.T.2    Grimes, J.M.3
  • 19
    • 78649281044 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social media technology and government transparency
    • Bertot, J. C., Jaeger, P. T., Munson, S., & Glaisyer, T. (2010). Social media technology and government transparency. Computer, 43(11), 53-59.
    • (2010) Computer , vol.43 , Issue.11 , pp. 53-59
    • Bertot, J.C.1    Jaeger, P.T.2    Munson, S.3    Glaisyer, T.4
  • 20
    • 0142092394 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ties that do not bind: Musings on the specious relevance of academic research
    • Bolton, M. J. & Stolcis, G. B. (2003). Ties that do not bind: Musings on the specious relevance of academic research. Public Administration Review, 63(5), 626-630.
    • (2003) Public Administration Review , vol.63 , Issue.5 , pp. 626-630
    • Bolton, M.J.1    Stolcis, G.B.2
  • 21
    • 84855390374 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cyberinfrastructures and "smart" world cities: Physical, human, and soft infrastructures
    • B. Derudder, M. Hoyler, P. J. Taylor, & F.Witlox (Eds.) . Cheltenham, UK Edward Elgar
    • Boulton, A., Brunn, S. D., & Devriendt, L. (2011). Cyberinfrastructures and "smart" world cities: Physical, human, and soft infrastructures. In B. Derudder, M. Hoyler, P. J. Taylor, &F.Witlox (Eds.), International Handbook of Globalization and World Cities (pp. 198-208). Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar.
    • (2011) International Handbook of Globalization and World Cities , pp. 198-208
    • Boulton, A.1    Brunn, S.D.2    Devriendt, L.3
  • 22
    • 68349091285 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complexcities: Locational choices of creative knowledge workers
    • Brown, J. & Męczyński, M. (2009). Complexcities: Locational choices of creative knowledge workers. Built Environment, 35(2), 238-252.
    • (2009) Built Environment , vol.35 , Issue.2 , pp. 238-252
    • Brown, J.1    Męczyński, M.2
  • 23
    • 84942748483 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Finding your way around heritage sites: The delivery of digital information to mobile devices
    • Brown, A., Saeed, G., & Knight, M. (2009). Finding your way around heritage sites: The delivery of digital information to mobile devices. International Journal of Architectural Computing, 7(1), 105-120.
    • (2009) International Journal of Architectural Computing , vol.7 , Issue.1 , pp. 105-120
    • Brown, A.1    Saeed, G.2    Knight, M.3
  • 24
    • 62349108045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Designing convivial digital cities: A social intelligence design approach
    • Caire, P. (2009). Designing convivial digital cities: A social intelligence design approach. AI & Society, 24(1), 97-114.
    • (2009) AI & Society , vol.24 , Issue.1 , pp. 97-114
    • Caire, P.1
  • 26
    • 60649085145 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Learning cities: Knowledge, capacity and competitiveness
    • Campbell, T. (2009). Learning cities: Knowledge, capacity and competitiveness. Habitat International, 33(2), 195-201.
    • (2009) Habitat International , vol.33 , Issue.2 , pp. 195-201
    • Campbell, T.1
  • 27
    • 79958290625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The future of megacities
    • Canton, J. (2011). The future of megacities. Significance, 8(2), 53-56.
    • (2011) Significance , vol.8 , Issue.2 , pp. 53-56
    • Canton, J.1
  • 30
    • 41949103698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Knowledge production and knowledge transfer: Closing the research-practice gap
    • Carter, C. R. (2008). Knowledge production and knowledge transfer: Closing the research-practice gap. Journal of Supply Chain Management, 44(2), 78-82.
    • (2008) Journal of Supply Chain Management , vol.44 , Issue.2 , pp. 78-82
    • Carter, C.R.1
  • 31
    • 79958009973 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gauging disaster vulnerabilities at the local level: Divergence and convergence in an "all-hazards" system
    • Caruson, K. & MacManus, S. A. (2011). Gauging disaster vulnerabilities at the local level: Divergence and convergence in an "all-hazards" system. Administration & Society, 43(3) 346-371.
    • (2011) Administration & Society , vol.43 , Issue.3 , pp. 346-371
    • Caruson, K.1    MacManus, S.A.2
  • 32
    • 33747791448 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Will the real creative city please stand up?
    • Chatterton, P. (2000). Will the real creative city please stand up? City, 4(3), 390-397.
    • (2000) City , vol.4 , Issue.3 , pp. 390-397
    • Chatterton, P.1
  • 33
    • 84881146585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Towards smart city: M2M communications with software agent intelligence
    • Chen, M. (2013). Towards smart city: M2M communications with software agent intelligence. Multimedia Tools and Applications, 67(1), 163-178.
    • (2013) Multimedia Tools and Applications , vol.67 , Issue.1 , pp. 163-178
    • Chen, M.1
  • 34
    • 70349199887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interlocal agreements as collaborations: An empirical investigation of impetuses, norms, and success
    • Chen, Y. & Thurmaier, K. (2008). Interlocal agreements as collaborations: An empirical investigation of impetuses, norms, and success. The American Review of Public Administration, 39(5), 536-552.
    • (2008) The American Review of Public Administration , vol.39 , Issue.5 , pp. 536-552
    • Chen, Y.1    Thurmaier, K.2
  • 35
    • 77949265474 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The city is connections: Seoul as an urban network
    • Choi, J. (2010). The city is connections: Seoul as an urban network. Multimedia Systems, 16(1), 75-84.
    • (2010) Multimedia Systems , vol.16 , Issue.1 , pp. 75-84
    • Choi, J.1
  • 37
    • 0035530891 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • E-governance and smart communities: A social learning challenge
    • Coe, A., Paquet, G.,& Roy, J. (2001). E-governance and smart communities: A social learning challenge. Social Science Computer Review, 19(1), 80-93.
    • (2001) Social Science Computer Review , vol.19 , Issue.1 , pp. 80-93
    • Coe, A.1    Paquet, G.2    Roy, J.3
  • 38
    • 0347112540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Catastrophe and the public service: A case study of the government response to the destruction of the World Trade Center
    • Cohen, S., Eimicke, W., & Horan, J. (2002). Catastrophe and the public service: A case study of the government response to the destruction of the World Trade Center. Public Administration Review, 62(1), 24-32.
    • (2002) Public Administration Review , vol.62 , Issue.1 , pp. 24-32
    • Cohen, S.1    Eimicke, W.2    Horan, J.3
  • 40
    • 77949486563 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Information systems in the public sector: The e-Government enactment framework
    • Cordella, A., & Iannacci, F. (2010). Information systems in the public sector: The e-Government enactment framework. The Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 19(1), 52-66.
    • (2010) The Journal of Strategic Information Systems , vol.19 , Issue.1 , pp. 52-66
    • Cordella, A.1    Iannacci, F.2
  • 41
    • 59849096817 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lost in translation? Building science and innovation city strategies in Australia and the UK
    • Couchman, P., McLoughlin, I.,& Charles, D. (2008). Lost in translation? Building science and innovation city strategies in Australia and the UK. Innovation: Management, Policy & Practice, 10(2/3), 211-223.
    • (2008) Innovation: Management, Policy & Practice , vol.10 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 211-223
    • Couchman, P.1    McLoughlin, I.2    Charles, D.3
  • 43
    • 61849181479 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Revisiting the research-practice gap in HR: A longitudinal analysis
    • Deadrick, D. L. & Gibson, P. A. (2009). Revisiting the research-practice gap in HR: A longitudinal analysis. Human Resource Management Review, 19(2), 144-153.
    • (2009) Human Resource Management Review , vol.19 , Issue.2 , pp. 144-153
    • Deadrick, D.L.1    Gibson, P.A.2
  • 45
    • 80051602724 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The IntelCities community of practice: The capacity-building, codesign, evaluation, and monitoring of e-government services
    • Deakin, M., Lombardi, P., & Cooper, I. (2011). The IntelCities community of practice: The capacity-building, codesign, evaluation, and monitoring of e-government services. Journal of Urban Technology, 18(2), 17-38.
    • (2011) Journal of Urban Technology , vol.18 , Issue.2 , pp. 17-38
    • Deakin, M.1    Lombardi, P.2    Cooper, I.3
  • 49
    • 19944406453 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Integrating rigor and relevance in public administration scholarship: The contribution of narrative inquiry
    • Dodge, J., Ospina, S. M., & Foldy, E. G. (2005). Integrating rigor and relevance in public administration scholarship: The contribution of narrative inquiry. Public Administration Review, 65(3), 286-300.
    • (2005) Public Administration Review , vol.65 , Issue.3 , pp. 286-300
    • Dodge, J.1    Ospina, S.M.2    Foldy, E.G.3
  • 50
    • 84881894087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Innovation engines for knowledge cities: An innovation ecology perspective
    • Dvir, R., & Pasher, E. (2004). Innovation engines for knowledge cities: An innovation ecology perspective. Journal of Knowledge Management, 8(5), 16-27.
    • (2004) Journal of Knowledge Management , vol.8 , Issue.5 , pp. 16-27
    • Dvir, R.1    Pasher, E.2
  • 51
    • 59849096590 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EGovernment for innovative cities of the next generation: The ICING Project
    • Donovan, J., Kilfeather, E., & Buggy, F. M. (2008). eGovernment for innovative cities of the next generation: The ICING Project. Innovation: Management, Policy & Practice, 10(2-3), 293-302.
    • (2008) Innovation: Management, Policy & Practice , vol.10 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 293-302
    • Donovan, J.1    Kilfeather, E.2    Buggy, F.M.3
  • 52
    • 33749043682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aspects on the city as a knowledge tool
    • Edvinsson, L. (2006). Aspects on the city as a knowledge tool. Journal of Knowledge Management, 10(5), 6-13.
    • (2006) Journal of Knowledge Management , vol.10 , Issue.5 , pp. 6-13
    • Edvinsson, L.1
  • 53
    • 79959330808 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smart growth, smart cities, and the crisis at the pump a worldwide phenomenon
    • Eger, J. M. (2009). Smart growth, smart cities, and the crisis at the pump a worldwide phenomenon. I-Ways, 32(1), 47-53.
    • (2009) I-Ways , vol.32 , Issue.1 , pp. 47-53
    • Eger, J.M.1
  • 54
    • 80054787085 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Technology as a tool of transformation: E-Cities and the rule of law
    • A. D'Atri & D. Saccà (Eds.) . Berlin/Heidelberg, Germany: Physica- Verlag
    • Eger, J. M., & Maggipinto, A. (2010). Technology as a tool of transformation: e-Cities and the rule of law. In A. D'Atri & D. Saccà (Eds.), Information Systems: People, Organizations, Institutions, and Technologies (pp. 23-30). Berlin/Heidelberg, Germany: Physica-Verlag.
    • (2010) Information Systems: People, Organizations, Institutions, and Technologies , pp. 23-30
    • Eger, J.M.1    Maggipinto, A.2
  • 55
  • 56
    • 59349111254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Institutional collective action and economic development joint ventures
    • Feiock, R. C., Steinacker, A., & Park, H. (2009). Institutional collective action and economic development joint ventures. Public Administration Review, 69(2), 256-270.
    • (2009) Public Administration Review , vol.69 , Issue.2 , pp. 256-270
    • Feiock, R.C.1    Steinacker, A.2    Park, H.3
  • 57
    • 77950911239 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Making connections: Creative industries networks in outer-suburban locations
    • Felton, E., Collis, C., & Graham, P. (2010). Making connections: Creative industries networks in outer-suburban locations. Australian Geographer, 41(1), 57-70.
    • (2010) Australian Geographer , vol.41 , Issue.1 , pp. 57-70
    • Felton, E.1    Collis, C.2    Graham, P.3
  • 59
    • 35649024152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Virtual cities as a tool for democratization in developing countries
    • Fernández-Maldonado, A. (2005). Virtual cities as a tool for democratization in developing countries. Knowledge, Technology & Policy, 18(1), 43-61.
    • (2005) Knowledge, Technology & Policy , vol.18 , Issue.1 , pp. 43-61
    • Fernández-Maldonado, A.1
  • 60
    • 1242288402 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Not just portals: Virtual cities as complex sociotechnical phenomena
    • Firmino, R. (2003). "Not just portals:" Virtual cities as complex sociotechnical phenomena. Journal of Urban Technology, 10(3), 41-62.
    • (2003) Journal of Urban Technology , vol.10 , Issue.3 , pp. 41-62
    • Firmino, R.1
  • 61
    • 18144432131 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Citycluster "from the renaissance to the megabyte networking age": A virtual reality and high-speed networking project
    • Fischnaller, F., & Hill, A. (2005). Citycluster: "From the renaissance to the megabyte networking age": A virtual reality and high-speed networking project. Presence: Teleoperators & Virtual Environments, 14(1), 1-19.
    • (2005) Presence: Teleoperators & Virtual Environments , vol.14 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-19
    • Fischnaller, F.1    Hill, A.2
  • 63
    • 70349193688 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Professional management and service levels in small U.S. Communities
    • Folz, D. H., & Abdelrazek, R. (2009). Professional management and service levels in small U.S. communities. The American Review of Public Administration, 39(5), 553-569.
    • (2009) The American Review of Public Administration , vol.39 , Issue.5 , pp. 553-569
    • Folz, D.H.1    Abdelrazek, R.2
  • 65
    • 85055461864 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Strategies for creative industries: An international review
    • Foord, J. (2008). Strategies for creative industries: An international review. Creative Industries Journal, 1(2), 91-113.
    • (2008) Creative Industries Journal , vol.1 , Issue.2 , pp. 91-113
    • Foord, J.1
  • 67
    • 2642523503 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The changing structure of American cities: A study of the diffusion of innovation
    • Frederickson, H. G., Johnson, G. A., & Wood, C. (2004). The changing structure of American cities: A study of the diffusion of innovation. Public Administration Review, 64(3), 320-330.
    • (2004) Public Administration Review , vol.64 , Issue.3 , pp. 320-330
    • Frederickson, H.G.1    Johnson, G.A.2    Wood, C.3
  • 68
    • 2342645539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Executive behavior and decision making in small U.S. Cities
    • French, P. E., & Folz, D. H. (2004). Executive behavior and decision making in small U.S. cities. The American Review of Public Administration, 34(1), 52-66.
    • (2004) The American Review of Public Administration , vol.34 , Issue.1 , pp. 52-66
    • French, P.E.1    Folz, D.H.2
  • 69
    • 79951545191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aging, mobility, and the model T: Approaches to smart community transportation
    • Freund, K., & Vine, J. (2010). Aging, mobility, and the model T: Approaches to smart community transportation. Generations, 34(3), 76-81.
    • (2010) Generations , vol.34 , Issue.3 , pp. 76-81
    • Freund, K.1    Vine, J.2
  • 70
    • 85044913068 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Automatic sensation: Environmental sensors in the digital city
    • Gabrys, J. (2007). Automatic sensation: Environmental sensors in the digital city. Senses & Society, 2(2), 189-200.
    • (2007) Senses & Society , vol.2 , Issue.2 , pp. 189-200
    • Gabrys, J.1
  • 71
    • 41449106165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identifying barriers to the application of standardized performance local government
    • Galera, A., Rodríguez, D. O., & López Hernández, A. M. (2008). Identifying barriers to the application of standardized performance local government. Public Management Review, 10(2), 241-262.
    • (2008) Public Management Review , vol.10 , Issue.2 , pp. 241-262
    • Galera, A.1    Rodríguez, D.O.2    López Hernández, A.M.3
  • 72
    • 21044457094 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deconstructing the city of culture: The long-term cultural legacies of Glasgow 1990
    • García, B. (2005). Deconstructing the city of culture: The long-term cultural legacies of Glasgow 1990. Urban Studies, 42(5/6), 841-868.
    • (2005) Urban Studies , vol.42 , Issue.5-6 , pp. 841-868
    • García, B.1
  • 73
    • 9944234615 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urban regeneration, arts programming and major events
    • García, B. (2004). Urban regeneration, arts programming and major events. International Journal of Cultural Policy, 10(1), 103-118.
    • (2004) International Journal of Cultural Policy , vol.10 , Issue.1 , pp. 103-118
    • García, B.1
  • 74
    • 61249670858 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Creating a cultural city
    • Gerz, J. (2007). Creating a cultural city. Third Text, 21(4), 457-462.
    • (2007) Third Text , vol.21 , Issue.4 , pp. 457-462
    • Gerz, J.1
  • 76
    • 80054779314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smart cities ranking: An effective instrument for the positioning of cities?
    • Giffinger, R., & Gudrun, H. (2010). Smart Cities Ranking: An Effective Instrument for the Positioning of Cities? ACE: Architecture, City and Environment, 4(12), 7-25.
    • (2010) ACE: Architecture, City and Environment , vol.4 , Issue.12 , pp. 7-25
    • Giffinger, R.1    Gudrun, H.2
  • 79
    • 84898300672 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • E-government and opportunities for participation: The case of the Mexican state web portals
    • C. Reddick (Ed.) . Hershey, PA: IGI Global
    • Gil-Garcia, J. R., & Gonzales-Miranda, F. (2010). E-government and opportunities for participation: The case of the Mexican state web portals. In C. Reddick (Ed.), Citizens and E-government: Evaluating Policy and Management (pp. 56-74). Hershey, PA: IGI Global.
    • (2010) Citizens and E-government: Evaluating Policy and Management , pp. 56-74
    • Gil-Garcia, J.R.1    Gonzales-Miranda, F.2
  • 80
    • 20844447545 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • E-government success factors: Mapping practical tools to theoretical foundations
    • Gil-Garcia, J. R., & Pardo, T. A. (2005). E-government success factors: Mapping practical tools to theoretical foundations. Government Information Quarterly, 22(2), 187-216.
    • (2005) Government Information Quarterly , vol.22 , Issue.2 , pp. 187-216
    • Gil-Garcia, J.R.1    Pardo, T.A.2
  • 82
    • 64149114804 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Auto city: A system for generating 3D virtual cities for simulation systems on GIS maps
    • Göktaş, H., Çavuşoʇlu, A., & Şen, B. (2009). Auto city: A system for generating 3D virtual cities for simulation systems on GIS maps. Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing, 15(1), 29-39.
    • (2009) Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing , vol.15 , Issue.1 , pp. 29-39
    • Göktaş, H.1    Çavuşoʇlu, A.2    Şen, B.3
  • 83
    • 58649124177 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The wolves and lambs of the creative city: The sustainability of film and television producers in London
    • Gornostaeva, G. (2009). The wolves and lambs of the creative city: The sustainability of film and television producers in London. Geographical Review, 99(1), 37-60.
    • (2009) Geographical Review , vol.99 , Issue.1 , pp. 37-60
    • Gornostaeva, G.1
  • 85
    • 0034779351 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Creative Copenhagen: Globalization, urban governance and social change
    • Hansen, A., Andersen, H., & Clark, E. (2001). Creative Copenhagen: Globalization, urban governance and social change. European Planning Studies, 9(7), 851-869.
    • (2001) European Planning Studies , vol.9 , Issue.7 , pp. 851-869
    • Hansen, A.1    Andersen, H.2    Clark, E.3
  • 86
    • 19744371804 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Re-imaging a post-industrial city: The Leeds St Valentine's Fair as a civic spectacle
    • Harcup, T. (2000). Re-imaging a post-industrial city: The Leeds St Valentine's Fair as a civic spectacle. City, 4(2), 215-231.
    • (2000) City , vol.4 , Issue.2 , pp. 215-231
    • Harcup, T.1
  • 88
    • 77953927639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Institutional theory and e-government research
    • G. Garson & M. Khosrow- Pour (Eds.) . Hershey, PA: IGI Global
    • Hassan, S., & Gil-Garcia, J. R. (2008). Institutional theory and e-government research. In G. Garson & M. Khosrow- Pour (Eds.), Handbook of Research on Public Information Technology (pp. 349-360). Hershey, PA: IGI Global.
    • (2008) Handbook of Research on Public Information Technology , pp. 349-360
    • Hassan, S.1    Gil-Garcia, J.R.2
  • 89
    • 85050831369 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prospects for and barriers to local government joint ventures
    • Hawkins, C. (2009). Prospects for and barriers to local government joint ventures. State & Local Government Review, 41(2), 108-119.
    • (2009) State & Local Government Review , vol.41 , Issue.2 , pp. 108-119
    • Hawkins, C.1
  • 90
    • 77952942766 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inter-jurisdictional economic development: A political institution explanation for policy choice
    • Hawkins, C. (2010). Inter-jurisdictional economic development: A political institution explanation for policy choice. International Journal of Public Administration, 33(7), 379-389.
    • (2010) International Journal of Public Administration , vol.33 , Issue.7 , pp. 379-389
    • Hawkins, C.1
  • 91
    • 79953681346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Joint ventures, economic development policy, and the role of local governing
    • Hawkins, C. & Feiock, R. (2011). Joint ventures, economic development policy, and the role of local governing. The American Review of Public Administration, 41(3), 329-347.
    • (2011) The American Review of Public Administration , vol.41 , Issue.3 , pp. 329-347
    • Hawkins, C.1    Feiock, R.2
  • 92
    • 3543004719 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Creativity and urban governance
    • Healey, P. (2004). Creativity and urban governance. Policy Studies, 25(2), 87-102.
    • (2004) Policy Studies , vol.25 , Issue.2 , pp. 87-102
    • Healey, P.1
  • 93
    • 79959346677 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IT footprinting - Groundwork for future smart cities
    • Helal, S. (2011). IT footprinting - Groundwork for future smart cities. Computer, 44(6), 30-31.
    • (2011) Computer , vol.44 , Issue.6 , pp. 30-31
    • Helal, S.1
  • 94
    • 0038674863 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Local public management reforms in the Netherlands: Fads, fashions, and winds of change
    • Hendriks, F., & Tops, P. (2003). Local public management reforms in the Netherlands: Fads, fashions, and winds of change. Public Administration, 81(2), 301-323.
    • (2003) Public Administration , vol.81 , Issue.2 , pp. 301-323
    • Hendriks, F.1    Tops, P.2
  • 95
    • 79955855210 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smart cities at the forefront of the future Internet
    • J. Domingue, A. Galis, A. Gavras, T. Zahariadis, D. Lambert, F. Cleary, P. Daras, S. Krco, H. Müller, M.-S. Li, H. Schaffers, V. Lotz, F. Alvarez, B. Stiller, S. Karnouskos, S. Avéssta & M. Nilsson (Eds.), Heidelberg, Springer
    • Hernández-Muñoz, J. M., Vercher, J. B., Muñoz, L., Galache, J. A., Presser, M., Gómez, L. A. H., & Pettersson, J. (2011). Smart cities at the forefront of the future Internet. In J. Domingue, A. Galis, A. Gavras, T. Zahariadis, D. Lambert, F. Cleary, P. Daras, S. Krco, H. Müller, M.-S. Li, H. Schaffers, V. Lotz, F. Alvarez, B. Stiller, S. Karnouskos, S. Avéssta & M. Nilsson (Eds.), The Future Internet - Future Internet Assembly 2011: Achievements and Technological Promises (pp. 447-462). Heidelberg: Springer.
    • (2011) The Future Internet - Future Internet Assembly 2011: Achievements and Technological Promises , pp. 447-462
    • Hernández-Muñoz, J.M.1    Vercher, J.B.2    Muñoz, L.3    Galache, J.A.4    Presser, M.5    Gómez, L.A.H.6    Pettersson, J.7
  • 96
    • 0003242777 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reinventing local governments and the e-government initiative
    • Ho, A. T.-K. (2002). Reinventing local governments and the e-government initiative. Public Administration Review, 62(4), 434-444.
    • (2002) Public Administration Review , vol.62 , Issue.4 , pp. 434-444
    • Ho, A.T.-K.1
  • 97
    • 57149143198 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Will the real smart city please stand up? Intelligent, progressive or entrepreneurial
    • Hollands, R. G. (2008). Will the real smart city please stand up? Intelligent, progressive or entrepreneurial. City, 12(3), 303-320.
    • (2008) City , vol.12 , Issue.3 , pp. 303-320
    • Hollands, R.G.1
  • 98
    • 33745762789 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changing times for an old industrial city: Hard times, hedonism and corporate power in Newcastle's nightlife
    • Hollands, R., & Chatterton, P. (2002). Changing times for an old industrial city: Hard times, hedonism and corporate power in Newcastle's nightlife. City, 6(3), 291-315.
    • (2002) City , vol.6 , Issue.3 , pp. 291-315
    • Hollands, R.1    Chatterton, P.2
  • 99
    • 1942473691 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Local government performance indicators in Europe: An exploration
    • Hoogenboezem, J. A. (2004). Local government performance indicators in Europe: An exploration. International Review of Administrative Sciences, 70(1), 51-64.
    • (2004) International Review of Administrative Sciences , vol.70 , Issue.1 , pp. 51-64
    • Hoogenboezem, J.A.1
  • 100
    • 35648954546 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Building the virtual city: Public participation through e-democracy
    • Hudson-Smith, A., Evans, S., & Batty, M. (2005). Building the virtual city: Public participation through e-democracy. Knowledge, Technology & Policy, 18(1), 62-85.
    • (2005) Knowledge, Technology & Policy , vol.18 , Issue.1 , pp. 62-85
    • Hudson-Smith, A.1    Evans, S.2    Batty, M.3
  • 101
    • 0011399808 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Digital city Kyoto
    • Ishida, T. (2002). Digital city Kyoto. Communications of the ACM, 45(7), 78-81.
    • (2002) Communications of the ACM , vol.45 , Issue.7 , pp. 78-81
    • Ishida, T.1
  • 103
    • 77957761798 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How possible is sustainable urban development? An analysis of planners' perceptions about new urbanism, smart growth and the ecological city
    • Jepson Jr., E. J., & Edwards, M. M. (2010). How possible is sustainable urban development? An analysis of planners' perceptions about new urbanism, smart growth and the ecological city. Planning Practice & Research, 25(4), 417-437.
    • (2010) Planning Practice & Research , vol.25 , Issue.4 , pp. 417-437
    • Jepson, E.J.1    Edwards, M.M.2
  • 104
    • 85077026783 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Design lessons for smart governance infrastructures
    • A. Balutis, T. F. Buss, & D. Ink (Eds.) . Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe, Inc
    • Johnston, E.W., & Hansen, D. L. (2011). Design lessons for smart governance infrastructures. In A. Balutis, T. F. Buss, & D. Ink (Eds.), Transforming American Governance: Rebooting the Public Square (pp. 197-212). Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe, Inc.
    • (2011) Transforming American Governance: Rebooting the Public Square , pp. 197-212
    • Johnston, E.W.1    Hansen, D.L.2
  • 107
    • 33646364785 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interagency communication networks during emergencies: Boundary spanners in multiagency coordination
    • Kapucu, N. (2006a). Interagency communication networks during emergencies: Boundary spanners in multiagency coordination. The American Review of Public Administration, 36(2), 207-225.
    • (2006) The American Review of Public Administration , vol.36 , Issue.2 , pp. 207-225
    • Kapucu, N.1
  • 108
    • 33646680568 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Public-nonprofit partnerships for collective action in dynamic contexts of emergencies
    • Kapucu, N. (2006b). Public-nonprofit partnerships for collective action in dynamic contexts of emergencies. Public Administration, 84(1), 205-220.
    • (2006) Public Administration , vol.84 , Issue.1 , pp. 205-220
    • Kapucu, N.1
  • 109
    • 74249093385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Place promotion and symbolic characterization of New Songdo City, South Korea
    • Kim, C. (2010). Place promotion and symbolic characterization of New Songdo City, South Korea. Cities, 27(1), 13-19.
    • (2010) Cities , vol.27 , Issue.1 , pp. 13-19
    • Kim, C.1
  • 110
    • 57249114611 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intelligent positioning and optimal diversity schemes for mobile agents in ubiquitous networks
    • Kim, P., & Chang, S. (2008). Intelligent positioning and optimal diversity schemes for mobile agents in ubiquitous networks. International Journal of Software Engineering & Knowledge Engineering, 18(5), 637-650.
    • (2008) International Journal of Software Engineering & Knowledge Engineering , vol.18 , Issue.5 , pp. 637-650
    • Kim, P.1    Chang, S.2
  • 112
    • 78650562614 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intelligent cities: Towards interactive and global innovation environments
    • Komninos, N. (2009). Intelligent cities: Towards interactive and global innovation environments. International Journal of Innovation and Regional Development, 1(4), 337-355.
    • (2009) International Journal of Innovation and Regional Development , vol.1 , Issue.4 , pp. 337-355
    • Komninos, N.1
  • 113
    • 33745290242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Municipal support for social entrepreneurship
    • Korosec, R. L., & Berman, E. M. (2006). Municipal support for social entrepreneurship. Public Administration Review, 66(3), 448-462.
    • (2006) Public Administration Review , vol.66 , Issue.3 , pp. 448-462
    • Korosec, R.L.1    Berman, E.M.2
  • 114
    • 33745714034 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Local government reform between 'exogenous' and 'endogenous' driving forces: Institution building in the City of Paris
    • Kuhlmann, S. (2006). Local government reform between 'exogenous' and 'endogenous' driving forces: Institution building in the City of Paris. Public Management Review, 8(1), 67-86.
    • (2006) Public Management Review , vol.8 , Issue.1 , pp. 67-86
    • Kuhlmann, S.1
  • 115
    • 80051652351 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The business models and information architectures of smart cities
    • Kuk, G. & Janssen, M. (2011). The business models and information architectures of smart cities. Journal of Urban Technology, 18(2), 39-52.
    • (2011) Journal of Urban Technology , vol.18 , Issue.2 , pp. 39-52
    • Kuk, G.1    Janssen, M.2
  • 116
    • 70349469656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understanding the adoption and timing of economic development strategies in US cities using innovation and institutional analysis
    • Kwon, M., Berry, F. S.,& Feiock, R. C. (2009). Understanding the adoption and timing of economic development strategies in US cities using innovation and institutional analysis. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 19(4), 967-988.
    • (2009) Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory , vol.19 , Issue.4 , pp. 967-988
    • Kwon, M.1    Berry, F.S.2    Feiock, R.C.3
  • 117
    • 77958608313 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Overcoming the barriers to cooperation: Intergovernmental service agreements
    • Kwon, S. & Feiock, R. C. (2010). Overcoming the barriers to cooperation: Intergovernmental service agreements. Public Administration Review, 70(6), 876-884.
    • (2010) Public Administration Review , vol.70 , Issue.6 , pp. 876-884
    • Kwon, S.1    Feiock, R.C.2
  • 119
    • 37249065593 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fostering a sustainable learning society through knowledge-based development
    • Laszlo, K., & Laszlo, A. (2007). Fostering a sustainable learning society through knowledge-based development. Systems Research & Behavioral Science, 24(5), 493-503.
    • (2007) Systems Research & Behavioral Science , vol.24 , Issue.5 , pp. 493-503
    • Laszlo, K.1    Laszlo, A.2
  • 120
    • 84901569597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Towards ubiquitous city: Concept, planning, and experiences in the Republic of Korea
    • T. Yigitcanlar, K. Velibeyoglu & S. Baum (Eds.) . Hershey, PA: IGI Global
    • Lee, S., Han, J., Leem, Y., & Yigitcanlar, T. (2008). Towards ubiquitous city: Concept, planning, and experiences in the Republic of Korea. In T. Yigitcanlar, K. Velibeyoglu & S. Baum (Eds.), Knowledge-Based Urban Development: Planning and Applications in the Information Era (pp. 148-169). Hershey, PA: IGI Global.
    • (2008) Knowledge-Based Urban Development: Planning and Applications in the Information Era , pp. 148-169
    • Lee, S.1    Han, J.2    Leem, Y.3    Yigitcanlar, T.4
  • 121
    • 59849121320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ubiquitous urban infrastructure: Infrastructure planning and development in Korea
    • Lee, S., Yigitcanlar, T., Han, J., & Leem, Y. (2008). Ubiquitous urban infrastructure: Infrastructure planning and development in Korea. Innovation: Management, Policy & Practice, 10(2-3), 282-292.
    • (2008) Innovation: Management, Policy & Practice , vol.10 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 282-292
    • Lee, S.1    Yigitcanlar, T.2    Han, J.3    Leem, Y.4
  • 122
    • 0035048589 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urban governance and policy networks: On the urban political boundedness of policy networks. A French case study
    • Le Galès, P. (2001). Urban governance and policy networks: On the urban political boundedness of policy networks. A French case study. Public Administration, 79(1), 167-184.
    • (2001) Public Administration , vol.79 , Issue.1 , pp. 167-184
    • Le Galès, P.1
  • 123
    • 77949530122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interlocal service cooperation in U.S. Cities: A social network explanation
    • LeRoux, K., Brandenburger, P. W., & Pandey, S. K. (2010). Interlocal service cooperation in U.S. cities: A social network explanation. Public Administration Review, 70(2), 268-278.
    • (2010) Public Administration Review , vol.70 , Issue.2 , pp. 268-278
    • LeRoux, K.1    Brandenburger, P.W.2    Pandey, S.K.3
  • 124
    • 77957142781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prospects for centralizing services in an urban county: Evidence from eight selforganized networks of local public services
    • LeRoux, K. & Carr, J. B. (2010). Prospects for centralizing services in an urban county: Evidence from eight selforganized networks of local public services. Journal of Urban Affairs, 32(4), 449-470.
    • (2010) Journal of Urban Affairs , vol.32 , Issue.4 , pp. 449-470
    • LeRoux, K.1    Carr, J.B.2
  • 125
    • 79959892651 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • City managers, career incentives, and municipal service decisions: The effects of managerial progressive ambition on interlocal service delivery
    • LeRoux, K., & Pandey, S. K. (2011). City managers, career incentives, and municipal service decisions: The effects of managerial progressive ambition on interlocal service delivery. Public Administration Review, 71(4), 627-636.
    • (2011) Public Administration Review , vol.71 , Issue.4 , pp. 627-636
    • LeRoux, K.1    Pandey, S.K.2
  • 126
    • 80051606837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The triple-helix model of smart cities: A neo-evolutionary perspective
    • Leydesdorff, L. & Deakin, M. (2011). The triple-helix model of smart cities: A neo-evolutionary perspective. Journal of Urban Technology, 18(2), 53-63.
    • (2011) Journal of Urban Technology , vol.18 , Issue.2 , pp. 53-63
    • Leydesdorff, L.1    Deakin, M.2
  • 127
    • 33947113332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • From megastructure to megalopolis: Formation and transformation of mega-projects in Tokyo Bay
    • Lin, Z. (2007). From megastructure to megalopolis: Formation and transformation of mega-projects in Tokyo Bay. Journal of Urban Design, 12(1), 73-92.
    • (2007) Journal of Urban Design , vol.12 , Issue.1 , pp. 73-92
    • Lin, Z.1
  • 128
    • 77950885554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Creativity, the environment and the future of creative lifestyles: Lessons from a creative tropical city
    • Luckman, S. (2009). Creativity, the environment and the future of creative lifestyles: Lessons from a creative tropical city. International Journal of the Humanities, 7(6), 1-9.
    • (2009) International Journal of the Humanities , vol.7 , Issue.6 , pp. 1-9
    • Luckman, S.1
  • 129
    • 79959249689 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using institutional theory and dynamic simulation to understand complex e-Government phenomena
    • Luna-Reyes, L. F., & Gil-Garcia, J. R. (2011). Using institutional theory and dynamic simulation to understand complex e-Government phenomena. Government Information Quarterly, 28(3), 329-345.
    • (2011) Government Information Quarterly , vol.28 , Issue.3 , pp. 329-345
    • Luna-Reyes, L.F.1    Gil-Garcia, J.R.2
  • 131
    • 68249128660 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A discourse analysis of Australian local government recreation and sport plans provision for people with disabilities
    • McGrath, R. (2009). A discourse analysis of Australian local government recreation and sport plans provision for people with disabilities. Public Management Review, 11(4), 477-497.
    • (2009) Public Management Review , vol.11 , Issue.4 , pp. 477-497
    • McGrath, R.1
  • 132
    • 15944368152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Models of performance-measurement use in local governments: Understanding budgeting, communication, and lasting effects
    • Melkers, J., & Willoughby, K. (2005). Models of performance-measurement use in local governments: Understanding budgeting, communication, and lasting effects. Public Administration Review, 65(2), 180-190.
    • (2005) Public Administration Review , vol.65 , Issue.2 , pp. 180-190
    • Melkers, J.1    Willoughby, K.2
  • 133
    • 0020666443 scopus 로고
    • Theory and practice in public policy and administration
    • Minogue, M. (1983). Theory and practice in public policy and administration. Policy & Politics, 11(1), 63-85.
    • (1983) Policy & Politics , vol.11 , Issue.1 , pp. 63-85
    • Minogue, M.1
  • 134
    • 78049350665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing emerging ICT-enabled governance models in European cities: Results from a mapping survey
    • M. A. Wimmer, J.-L. Chappelet, M. Janssen & H. J. Scholl (Eds.) . Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer
    • Misuraca, G., Ferro, E., & Caroleo, B. (2010). Assessing emerging ICT-enabled governance models in European cities: Results from a mapping survey. In M. A. Wimmer, J.-L. Chappelet, M. Janssen & H. J. Scholl (Eds.), Electronic Government: Proceedings of EGOV 2010 (Vol. 6228, pp. 168-179). Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer.
    • (2010) Electronic Government: Proceedings of EGOV 2010 , vol.6228 , pp. 168-179
    • Misuraca, G.1    Ferro, E.2    Caroleo, B.3
  • 136
    • 77953230207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Putrajaya: Malaysia's new federal administrative capital
    • Moser, S. (2010). Putrajaya: Malaysia's new federal administrative capital. Cities, 27(4), 285-297.
    • (2010) Cities , vol.27 , Issue.4 , pp. 285-297
    • Moser, S.1
  • 138
    • 78751473504 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toward "strong democracy" in global cities? Social capital building, theory-driven reform, and the Los Angeles neighborhood council experience
    • Musso, J., Weare, C., Bryer, T., & Cooper, T. L. (2011). Toward "strong democracy" in global cities? Social capital building, theory-driven reform, and the Los Angeles neighborhood council experience. Public Administration Review, 71(1), 102-111.
    • (2011) Public Administration Review , vol.71 , Issue.1 , pp. 102-111
    • Musso, J.1    Weare, C.2    Bryer, T.3    Cooper, T.L.4
  • 144
    • 23044452126 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aveiro, Portugal: Making a digital city
    • Nunes, F. (2005). Aveiro, Portugal: Making a digital city. Journal of Urban Technology, 12(1), 49-70.
    • (2005) Journal of Urban Technology , vol.12 , Issue.1 , pp. 49-70
    • Nunes, F.1
  • 145
    • 0038085909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Police information technology: Assessing the effects of computerization on urban police functions
    • Nunn, S. (2001). Police information technology: Assessing the effects of computerization on urban police functions. Public Administration Review, 61(2), 221-234.
    • (2001) Public Administration Review , vol.61 , Issue.2 , pp. 221-234
    • Nunn, S.1
  • 146
    • 0142261381 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Information and communication technology and local governance: Understanding the difference between cities in developed and emerging economies
    • Odendaal, N. (2003). Information and communication technology and local governance: Understanding the difference between cities in developed and emerging economies. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 27(6), 585-607.
    • (2003) Computers, Environment and Urban Systems , vol.27 , Issue.6 , pp. 585-607
    • Odendaal, N.1
  • 147
    • 22944456524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Virtual city design based on urban image theory
    • Omer, I., Goldblatt, R., & Or, U. (2005). Virtual city design based on urban image theory. Cartographic Journal, 42(1), 15-26.
    • (2005) Cartographic Journal , vol.42 , Issue.1 , pp. 15-26
    • Omer, I.1    Goldblatt, R.2    Or, U.3
  • 148
    • 15944417922 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • It's about time: Catching method up to meaning - The usefulness of narrative inquiry in public administration research
    • Ospina, S. M. & Dodge, J. (2005). It's about time: Catching method up to meaning - the usefulness of narrative inquiry in public administration research. Public Administration Review, 65(2), 143-157.
    • (2005) Public Administration Review , vol.65 , Issue.2 , pp. 143-157
    • Ospina, S.M.1    Dodge, J.2
  • 150
    • 57349115278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Engineering the northern bohemian: Local cultural policies and governance in the creative city era
    • Paquette, J. (2008). Engineering the northern bohemian: Local cultural policies and governance in the creative city era. Space & Polity, 12(3), 297-310.
    • (2008) Space & Polity , vol.12 , Issue.3 , pp. 297-310
    • Paquette, J.1
  • 152
    • 51449109668 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Governance structures in cross-boundary information sharing: Lessons from state and local criminal justice initiatives
    • Big Island, Hawaii, January
    • Pardo, T. A., Gil-Garcia, J. R., Burke, G. B. (2008). Governance structures in cross-boundary information sharing: Lessons from state and local criminal justice initiatives. In Proceedings of the 41st Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. Big Island, Hawaii, January 7-10.
    • (2008) Proceedings of the 41st Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences , pp. 7-10
    • Pardo, T.A.1    Gil-Garcia, J.R.2    Burke, G.B.3
  • 153
    • 84908919916 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sustainability and the information city: A conference report
    • Parker, S. (2000). Sustainability and the information city: A conference report. City, 4(1), 123-135.
    • (2000) City , vol.4 , Issue.1 , pp. 123-135
    • Parker, S.1
  • 156
    • 26944433810 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Civic engagement and sustainable cities in the United States
    • Portney, K. (2005). Civic engagement and sustainable cities in the United States. Public Administration Review, 65(5), 579-591.
    • (2005) Public Administration Review , vol.65 , Issue.5 , pp. 579-591
    • Portney, K.1
  • 158
    • 51649115560 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urban flood disaster management
    • Price, R. K., & Vojinovic, Z. Z. (2008). Urban flood disaster management. Urban Water Journal, 5(3), 259-276.
    • (2008) Urban Water Journal , vol.5 , Issue.3 , pp. 259-276
    • Price, R.K.1    Vojinovic, Z.Z.2
  • 159
    • 84942765658 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MAS design in the urban public traffic information system exploitation
    • Qing, Z. (2005). MAS design in the urban public traffic information system exploitation. Journal of Systems Science & Information, 3(4), 829-838.
    • (2005) Journal of Systems Science & Information , vol.3 , Issue.4 , pp. 829-838
    • Qing, Z.1
  • 160
    • 4043051520 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Local economic development in the United States and Canada: Institutionalizing policy approaches
    • Reese, L. A., & Rosenfeld, R. A. (2004). Local economic development in the United States and Canada: Institutionalizing policy approaches. The American Review of Public Administration, 34(3), 277-292.
    • (2004) The American Review of Public Administration , vol.34 , Issue.3 , pp. 277-292
    • Reese, L.A.1    Rosenfeld, R.A.2
  • 161
    • 0005478397 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The new governance: Governing without government
    • Rhodes, R. A. W. (1996). The new governance: Governing without government. Political Studies, 44(4) 652-667.
    • (1996) Political Studies , vol.44 , Issue.4 , pp. 652-667
    • Rhodes, R.A.W.1
  • 162
    • 84885391691 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rios, P. (2008). Creating "the smart city". Available at http://dspace.udmercy.edu:8080/dspace/bitstream/10429/20/1/2008-rios-smart.pdf.
    • (2008) Creating "the Smart City"
    • Rios, P.1
  • 164
    • 80052667107 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understanding local governance: Institutional forms of collaboration
    • Røiseland, A. (2011). Understanding local governance: Institutional forms of collaboration. Public Administration, 89(3), 879-893.
    • (2011) Public Administration , vol.89 , Issue.3 , pp. 879-893
    • Røiseland, A.1
  • 165
    • 8744266332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AlphaWorld: The urban design of a digital city
    • Ryan, B. D. (2004). AlphaWorld: The urban design of a digital city. Journal of Urban Design, 9(3), 287-309.
    • (2004) Journal of Urban Design , vol.9 , Issue.3 , pp. 287-309
    • Ryan, B.D.1
  • 167
    • 83555163736 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are government internet portals evolving towards more interaction, participation, and collaboration? Revisiting the rhetoric of e-government among municipalities
    • Sandoval-Almazan, R., & Gil-Garcia, J. R. (2012). Are Government Internet Portals Evolving towards more Interaction, Participation, and Collaboration? Revisiting the rhetoric of e-government among municipalities. Government Information Quarterly, 29(1): S72-S81.
    • (2012) Government Information Quarterly , vol.29 , Issue.1 , pp. S72-S81
    • Sandoval-Almazan, R.1    Gil-Garcia, J.R.2
  • 168
    • 77957821797 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Creating more intelligent cities: The role of ICT in promoting territorial governance
    • Santinha, G., & de Castro, A. E. (2010). Creating more intelligent cities: The role of ICT in promoting territorial governance. Journal of Urban Technology, 17(2), 77-98.
    • (2010) Journal of Urban Technology , vol.17 , Issue.2 , pp. 77-98
    • Santinha, G.1    De Castro, A.E.2
  • 170
    • 34447511599 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Capitalism and urbanization in a new key? the cognitive-cultural dimension
    • Scott, A. J. (2007). Capitalism and urbanization in a new key? The cognitive-cultural dimension. Social Forces, 85(4), 1465-1482.
    • (2007) Social Forces , vol.85 , Issue.4 , pp. 1465-1482
    • Scott, A.J.1
  • 172
    • 78549275681 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Design and development of next generation of information infrastructure: Case studies of broadband public network and digital city
    • Shin, D. (2005). Design and development of next generation of information infrastructure: Case studies of broadband public network and digital city. Knowledge, Technology & Policy, 18(2), 101-125.
    • (2005) Knowledge, Technology & Policy , vol.18 , Issue.2 , pp. 101-125
    • Shin, D.1
  • 175
    • 54249134451 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Strengthening local government leadership and performance: Reexamining and updating theWinter Commission Goals
    • Svara, J. H. (2008). Strengthening local government leadership and performance: Reexamining and updating theWinter Commission Goals. Public Administration Review, 68(1), S37-S49.
    • (2008) Public Administration Review , vol.68 , Issue.1 , pp. S37-S49
    • Svara, J.H.1
  • 178
    • 33645113623 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • E-governance developments in European Union cities: Reshaping government's relationship with citizens
    • Torres, L., Pina, V., & Acerete, B. (2006). E-governance developments in European Union cities: Reshaping government's relationship with citizens. Governance, 19(2), 277-302.
    • (2006) Governance , vol.19 , Issue.2 , pp. 277-302
    • Torres, L.1    Pina, V.2    Acerete, B.3
  • 179
    • 58049093626 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tohu and Artist-Run Centres in Montreal: Contributions to the creative city
    • Tremblay, D., & Pilati, T. (2007). Tohu and Artist-Run Centres in Montreal: Contributions to the creative city. Canadian Journal of Regional Science, 30(2), 337-355.
    • (2007) Canadian Journal of Regional Science , vol.30 , Issue.2 , pp. 337-355
    • Tremblay, D.1    Pilati, T.2
  • 180
    • 77956821092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The cultural production of cities: Rhetoric or reality? Lessons from Glasgow
    • Tucker, M. (2008). The cultural production of cities: Rhetoric or reality? Lessons from Glasgow. Journal of Retail & Leisure Property, 7(1), 21-33.
    • (2008) Journal of Retail & Leisure Property , vol.7 , Issue.1 , pp. 21-33
    • Tucker, M.1
  • 181
    • 36849054576 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The failure of the New Orleans levee system following Hurricane Katrina and the pathway forward
    • Van Heerden, I. L. (2007). The failure of the New Orleans levee system following Hurricane Katrina and the pathway forward. Public Administration Review, 67(1), 24-35.
    • (2007) Public Administration Review , vol.67 , Issue.1 , pp. 24-35
    • Van Heerden, I.L.1
  • 182
    • 79952856799 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The built environment of higher education and research: Architecture and the expectation of innovation
    • Van Heur, B. (2010). The built environment of higher education and research: Architecture and the expectation of innovation. Geography Compass, 4(12), 1713-1724.
    • (2010) Geography Compass , vol.4 , Issue.12 , pp. 1713-1724
    • Van Heur, B.1
  • 183
    • 59849085082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urban governance in the knowledge-based economy: Challenges for different city types
    • Van Winden, W. (2008). Urban governance in the knowledge-based economy: Challenges for different city types. Innovation: Management, Policy & Practice, 10(2-3), 197-210.
    • (2008) Innovation: Management, Policy & Practice , vol.10 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 197-210
    • Van Winden, W.1
  • 186
    • 77953824178 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Future prospects for performance management in Chinese city governments
    • Walker, R. M., & Wu, J. (2010). Future prospects for performance management in Chinese city governments. Administration & Society, 42(1), 34S-55S.
    • (2010) Administration & Society , vol.42 , Issue.1 , pp. 34S-55S
    • Walker, R.M.1    Wu, J.2
  • 187
    • 80055077745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smart cities, smart places, smart democracy: Form-based codes, electronic governance and the role of place in making smart cities
    • Walters, D. (2011). Smart cities, smart places, smart democracy: Form-based codes, electronic governance and the role of place in making smart cities. Intelligent Buildings International, 3(3), 198-218.
    • (2011) Intelligent Buildings International , vol.3 , Issue.3 , pp. 198-218
    • Walters, D.1
  • 188
    • 79952917227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evolution of housing renewal in Shanghai, 1990-2010: A 'socially conscious' entrepreneurial city?
    • Wang, S. W. (2011). The evolution of housing renewal in Shanghai, 1990-2010: A 'socially conscious' entrepreneurial city? International Journal of Housing Policy, 11(1), 51-69.
    • (2011) International Journal of Housing Policy , vol.11 , Issue.1 , pp. 51-69
    • Wang, S.W.1
  • 190
    • 0007617123 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Re-inventing place: Birmingham as an information city?
    • Webster, F. (2001). Re-inventing place: Birmingham as an information city? City, 5(1), 27-46.
    • (2001) City , vol.5 , Issue.1 , pp. 27-46
    • Webster, F.1
  • 191
    • 79958017068 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Political-administrative relations in collaborative environmental management
    • Weible, C. M. (2011). Political-administrative relations in collaborative environmental management. International Review of Public Administration, 34(7), 424-435.
    • (2011) International Review of Public Administration , vol.34 , Issue.7 , pp. 424-435
    • Weible, C.M.1
  • 192
    • 84890628856 scopus 로고
    • The many meanings of research utilization
    • Weiss, C. H. (1979). The many meanings of research utilization. Public Administration Review, 39(5), 426-431.
    • (1979) Public Administration Review , vol.39 , Issue.5 , pp. 426-431
    • Weiss, C.H.1
  • 193
    • 0002617268 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Public administration in a global context: Bridging the gaps of theory and practice between western and non-western nations
    • Welch, E. & Wong, W. (1998). Public administration in a global context: Bridging the gaps of theory and practice between western and non-western nations. Public Administration Review, 58(1), 40-49.
    • (1998) Public Administration Review , vol.58 , Issue.1 , pp. 40-49
    • Welch, E.1    Wong, W.2
  • 194
    • 49749145643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The nature of metropolitan governance in urban America: A study of cooperation and conflict in the Kansas City region
    • Wood, C. (2008). The nature of metropolitan governance in urban America: A study of cooperation and conflict in the Kansas City region. Administration & Society, 40(5), 483-501.
    • (2008) Administration & Society , vol.40 , Issue.5 , pp. 483-501
    • Wood, C.1
  • 196
    • 42749097098 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The making of knowledge cities: Melbourne's knowledge-based urban development experience
    • Yigitcanlar, T., O'Connor, K.,& Westerman, C. (2008). The making of knowledge cities: Melbourne's knowledge-based urban development experience. Cities, 25(2), 63-72.
    • (2008) Cities , vol.25 , Issue.2 , pp. 63-72
    • Yigitcanlar, T.1    O'Connor, K.2    Westerman, C.3
  • 197
    • 47549084059 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Knowledge-based urban development: The local economic development path of Brisbane, Australia
    • Yigitcanlar, T., & Velibeyoglu, K. (2008). Knowledge-based urban development: The local economic development path of Brisbane, Australia. Local Economy, 23(3), 195-207.
    • (2008) Local Economy , vol.23 , Issue.3 , pp. 195-207
    • Yigitcanlar, T.1    Velibeyoglu, K.2
  • 199
    • 50149118224 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Governance forms in urban public-private partnerships
    • Ysa, T. (2007). Governance forms in urban public-private partnerships. International Public Management Journal, 10(1), 35-57.
    • (2007) International Public Management Journal , vol.10 , Issue.1 , pp. 35-57
    • Ysa, T.1
  • 200
    • 64849083663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An architectural framework and enabling wireless technologies for digital cities & intelligent urban environments
    • Yovanof, G. S., & Hazapis, G. N. (2009). An architectural framework and enabling wireless technologies for digital cities & intelligent urban environments. Wireless Personal Communications, 49(3), 445-463.
    • (2009) Wireless Personal Communications , vol.49 , Issue.3 , pp. 445-463
    • Yovanof, G.S.1    Hazapis, G.N.2
  • 201
    • 77958612674 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Application of e-technologies for regional development: The case of Vilnius City
    • Zavadskas, E., Kaklauskas, A., & Banaitis, A. (2010). Application of e-technologies for regional development: The case of Vilnius City. Journal of Business Economics & Management, 11(3), 415-427.
    • (2010) Journal of Business Economics & Management , vol.11 , Issue.3 , pp. 415-427
    • Zavadskas, E.1    Kaklauskas, A.2    Banaitis, A.3
  • 202
    • 85055409026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • California county administrators as sellers and brokers of interlocal cooperation
    • Zeemering, E. S. (2009). California county administrators as sellers and brokers of interlocal cooperation. State & Local Government Review, 41(3), 166-181.
    • (2009) State & Local Government Review , vol.41 , Issue.3 , pp. 166-181
    • Zeemering, E.S.1
  • 203
    • 84255194922 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The problem of democratic anchorage for interlocal agreements
    • Zeemering, E. S. (2012). The problem of democratic anchorage for interlocal agreements. The American Review of Public Administration, 42(1), 87-103.
    • (2012) The American Review of Public Administration , vol.42 , Issue.1 , pp. 87-103
    • Zeemering, E.S.1
  • 204
    • 70249136102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • City branding and the Olympic effect: A case study of Beijing
    • Zhang, L. & Zhao, S. X. (2009). City branding and the Olympic effect: A case study of Beijing. Cities, 26(5), 245-254.
    • (2009) Cities , vol.26 , Issue.5 , pp. 245-254
    • Zhang, L.1    Zhao, S.X.2
  • 205
    • 34250340899 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mapping digiplace: Geocoded Internet data and the representation of place
    • Zook, M. A., & Graham, M. (2007). Mapping digiplace: Geocoded Internet data and the representation of place. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 34(3), 466-482.
    • (2007) Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design , vol.34 , Issue.3 , pp. 466-482
    • Zook, M.A.1    Graham, M.2
  • 207
    • 84860336192 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smart cities in perspectiv - A comparative European study by means of self-organizing maps. Innovation
    • Kourtit, K., Nijkamp, P., & Arribas, D. (2012). Smart cities in perspectiv - a comparative European study by means of self-organizing maps. Innovation: The European Journal of Social Science Research, 25(2), 229-246.
    • (2012) The European Journal of Social Science Research , vol.25 , Issue.2 , pp. 229-246
    • Kourtit, K.1    Nijkamp, P.2    Arribas, D.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.