A multi-centre pilot study of iodine status in UK schoolchildren, aged 8–10 years

European Journal of Nutrition

Volumn 55, Issue 6, 2016, Pages 2001-2009

  Bath, Sarah C ^a   Combet, Emilie ^b   Scully, Patrick ^a   Zimmermann, Michael B ^c   Hampshire Jones, Katharine H C ^a   Rayman, Margaret P ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SURREY   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW   (United Kingdom)

^c ETH ZURICH   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

Children; Diet; Iodine; UK

Indexed keywords

CREATININE; IODINE; SODIUM CHLORIDE;

ARTICLE; CHILD; CONTROLLED STUDY; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY; DIETARY INTAKE; EGG; ENGLAND; FEMALE; FOOD FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; MALE; MILK; NORTHERN IRELAND; NUTRITIONAL ASSESSMENT; PILOT STUDY; SCHOOL CHILD; SCOTLAND; SEA FOOD; SUMMER; URINE LEVEL; URINE SAMPLING; WINTER; WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION; ANIMAL; CLINICAL TRIAL; DEFICIENCY; DIET; MULTICENTER STUDY; NUTRITIONAL STATUS; QUESTIONNAIRE; SEASON; UNITED KINGDOM; URINE;

ANIMALS; CHILD; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; DIET; FEMALE; HUMANS; IODINE; MALE; MILK; NUTRITIONAL STATUS; PILOT PROJECTS; SEASONS; SURVEYS AND QUESTIONNAIRES; UNITED KINGDOM;

EID: 84939244561     PISSN: 14366207     EISSN: 14366215     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00394-015-1014-y     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. Zimmermann MB (2009) Iodine deficiency. Endocr Rev 30(4):376–408
2. Williams GR (2008) Neurodevelopmental and neurophysiological actions of thyroid hormone. J Neuroendocrinol 20(6):784–794
3. Bath SC, Steer CD, Golding J, Emmett P, Rayman MP (2013) Effect of inadequate iodine status in UK pregnant women on cognitive outcomes in their children: results from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). Lancet 382(9889):331–337. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(13)60436-5
4. Hynes KL, Otahal P, Hay I, Burgess JR (2013) Mild iodine deficiency during pregnancy is associated with reduced educational outcomes in the offspring: 9-year follow-up of the gestational iodine cohort. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 98(5):1954–1962. doi:10.1210/jc.2012-4249
5. Gordon RC, Rose MC, Skeaff SA, Gray AR, Morgan KM, Ruffman T (2009) Iodine supplementation improves cognition in mildly iodine-deficient children. Am J Clin Nutr 90(5):1264–1271
6. Zimmermann MB, Connolly K, Bozo M, Bridson J, Rohner F, Grimci L (2006) Iodine supplementation improves cognition in iodine-deficient schoolchildren in Albania: a randomized, controlled, double-blind study. Am J Clin Nutr 83(1):108–114
7. Department of Health (1991) Report on health and social subjects: 41. Dietary reference values for food, energy and nutrients for the United Kingdom. The Stationery Office, London
8. WHO, Unicef, ICCIDD (2007) Assessment of iodine deficiency disorders and monitoring their elimination. WHO, Geneva
9. Phillips DI (1997) Iodine, milk, and the elimination of endemic goitre in Britain: the story of an accidental public health triumph. J Epidemiol Commun Health 51(4):391–393
10. Vanderpump MP, Lazarus JH, Smyth PP, Laurberg P, Holder RL, Boelaert K, Franklyn JA (2011) Iodine status of UK schoolgirls: a cross-sectional survey. Lancet 377(9782):2007–2012
11. Andersson M, Karumbunathan V, Zimmermann MB (2012) Global iodine status in 2011 and trends over the past decade. J Nutr 142:744–750
12. Food Standards Agency (2008) Retail survey of iodine in UK produced dairy foods. FSIS 02/08. http://tna.europarchive.org/20140306205048. http://www.food.gov.uk/science/research/surveillance/fsisbranch2008/fsis0208. Accessed 29 April 2015
13. Bates B, Lennox A, Prentice A, Bates C, Page P, Nicholson SK, Swan G (2014) National Diet and Nutrition Survey, results from years 1–4 of the rolling programme. www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/310995/NDNS_Y1_to_4_UK_report.pdf
14. Bath SC, Button S, Rayman MP (2012) Iodine concentration of organic and conventional milk: implications for iodine intake. Br J Nutr 107(7):935–940
15. Bath SC, Rayman MP (2015) A review of the iodine status of UK pregnant women and its implications for the offspring. Environ Geochem Health 37:619–629
16. Bath SC, Sleeth ML, McKenna M, Walter A, Taylor A, Rayman MP (2014) Iodine intake and status of UK women of childbearing age recruited at the University of Surrey in the winter. Br J Nutr 112(10):1715–1723
17. Bath SC, Walter A, Taylor A, Wright J, Rayman MP (2014) Iodine deficiency in pregnant women living in the South East of the UK: the influence of diet and nutritional supplements on iodine status. Br J Nutr 111(9):1622–1631
18. Bath S, Furmidge-Owen V, Redman CWG, Rayman MP (2015) Gestational changes in iodine status in a cohort study of UK pregnant women: season as an effect modifier. Am J Clin Nutr 101:1180–1187
19. Bath S, Button S, Rayman MP (2014) Availability of iodised table salt in the UK—is it likely to influence population iodine intake? Public Health Nutr 17(2):450–454
20. Cribb V, Emmett P, Northstone K (2013) Dietary patterns throughout childhood and associations with nutrient intakes. Public Health Nutr 16(10):1801–1809. doi:10.1017/s1368980012004132
21. Pino S, Fang SL, Braverman LE (1996) Ammonium persulfate: a safe alternative oxidizing reagent for measuring urinary iodine. Clin Chem 42(2):239–243
22. Caldwell KL, Makhmudov A, Jones RL, Hollowell JG (2005) EQUIP: a worldwide program to ensure the quality of urinary iodine procedures. Accred Qual Assur 10:356–361
23. Barnett C, Visser T, Williams F, Toor H, Duran S, Presas M, Morreale de Escobar G, Hume R (2002) Inadequate iodine intake of 40 % of pregnant women from a region in Scotland. J Endocrinol Invest 25:(Supp. No. 7):90
24. Kibirige MS, Hutchison S, Owen CJ, Delves HT (2004) Prevalence of maternal dietary iodine insufficiency in the north east of England: implications for the fetus. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 89(5):F436–F439
25. Pearce EN, Lazarus JH, Smyth PP, He X, Dall’amico D, Parkes AB, Burns R, Smith DF, Maina A, Bestwick JP, Jooman M, Leung AM, Braverman LE (2010) Perchlorate and thiocyanate exposure and thyroid function in first-trimester pregnant women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 95(7):3207–3215
26. Lampropoulou M, Lean M, Combet Aspray E (2012) Iodine status of women of childbearing age in Scotland. Proc Nutr Soc 71:E143
27. Caldwell KL, Makhmudov A, Ely E, Jones RL, Wang RY (2011) Iodine status of the U.S. population, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2005–2006 and 2007–2008. Thyroid 21(4):419–427
28. Pearce EN, Andersson M, Zimmermann M (2013) Global iodine nutrition—where do we stand in 2013? Thyroid. doi:10.1089/thy.2013.0128
29. Zimmermann MB, Andersson M (2012) Assessment of iodine nutrition in populations: past, present, and future. Nutr Rev 70(10):553–570. doi:10.1111/j.1753-4887.2012.00528.x
30. Dror DK, Allen LH (2014) Dairy product intake in children and adolescents in developed countries: trends, nutritional contribution, and a review of association with health outcomes. Nutr Rev 72(2):68–81. doi:10.1111/nure.12078
31. Knudsen N, Christiansen E, Brandt-Christensen M, Nygaard B, Perrild H (2000) Age- and sex-adjusted iodine/creatinine ratio. A new standard in epidemiological surveys? Evaluation of three different estimates of iodine excretion based on casual urine samples and comparison to 24 h values. Eur J Clin Nutr 54(4):361–363
32. Konig F, Andersson M, Hotz K, Aeberli I, Zimmermann MB (2011) Ten repeat collections for urinary iodine from spot samples or 24-hour samples are needed to reliably estimate individual iodine status in women. J Nutr 141(11):2049–2054
33. Andersen S, Pedersen KM, Pedersen IB, Laurberg P (2001) Variations in urinary iodine excretion and thyroid function. A 1-year study in healthy men. Eur J Endocrinol 144(5):461–465
34. Barr DB, Wilder LC, Caudill SP, Gonzalez AJ, Needham LL, Pirkle JL (2005) Urinary creatinine concentrations in the U.S. population: implications for urinary biologic monitoring measurements. Environ Health Perspect 113(2):192–200
35. Remer T, Neubert A, Maser-Gluth C (2002) Anthropometry-based reference values for 24-h urinary creatinine excretion during growth and their use in endocrine and nutritional research. Am J Clin Nutr 75(3):561–569
36. Johner SA, Thamm M, Nothlings U, Remer T (2013) Iodine status in preschool children and evaluation of major dietary iodine sources: a German experience. Eur J Nutr 52(7):1711–1719. doi:10.1007/s00394-012-0474-6
37. Bath SC, Nezianya CJ, Rayman MP (2015) A label-based assessment of the iodine content of milk-alternative drinks available in the UK. Proc Nutr Soc. In Press
38. Rose M, Miller P, Baxter M, Appleton G, Crews H, Croasdale M (2001) Bromine and iodine in 1997 UK total diet study samples. J Environ Monit 3(4):361–365
39. Andersen S, Karmisholt J, Pedersen KM, Laurberg P (2008) Reliability of studies of iodine intake and recommendations for number of samples in groups and in individuals. Br J Nutr 99(4):813–818
40. WHO (2014) Guideline: fortification of food-grade salt with iodine for the prevention and control of iodine deficiency disorders. World Health Organisation, Geneva
41. New Zealand Food Safety Authority (2009) The addition of folic acid and iodised salt to bread New Zealand. http://www.foodsafety.govt.nz/elibrary/industry/Addition_Folic-Manufacturers_Retailers.pdf. Accessed 22 Feb 2012
42. Thomson CD, Colls AJ, Conaglen JV, Macormack M, Stiles M, Mann J (1997) Iodine status of New Zealand residents as assessed by urinary iodide excretion and thyroid hormones. Br J Nutr 78(6):901–912
43. Pettigrew-Porter A, Skeaff S, Gray A, Thomson C, Croxson M (2011) Are pregnant women in New Zealand iodine deficient? A cross-sectional survey. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 51(5):464–467
44. (2009) Australian user guide mandatory iodine fortification. Implementing the requirements of mandatory fortification with iodised salt under standard 2.1.1—cereals and cereal products. http://www.foodstandards.gov.au/foodstandards/userguides/mandatoryiodineforti4336.cfm. Accessed 22 Feb 2012
45. Australian Bureau of Statistics (2014) Australian Health Survey: biomedical results for nutrients, 2011–12; feature article: iodine. http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Lookup/4364.0.55.006Chapter1202011-12. Accessed 19 May 2015