Mild iodine deficiency during pregnancy is associated with reduced educational outcomes in the offspring: 9-year follow-up of the gestational iodine cohort

Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism

Volumn 98, Issue 5, 2013, Pages 1954-1962

  Hynes, Kristen L ^a   Otahal, Petr ^a   Hay, Ian ^b   Burgess, John R ^c,d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TASMANIA   (Australia)

^b Faculty of Education   (Australia)

^c UNIVERSITY OF TASMANIA   (Australia)

^d ROYAL HOBART HOSPITAL   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

IODINE;

ADULT; ARTICLE; AUSTRALIA; BIRTH WEIGHT; COHORT ANALYSIS; CURRICULUM; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; EDUCATIONAL STATUS; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; GESTATIONAL AGE; GRAMMAR; HUMAN; IODINE DEFICIENCY; LONGITUDINAL STUDY; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MATERNAL AGE; OCCUPATION; PARAMETERS CONCERNING THE FETUS, NEWBORN AND PREGNANCY; PREGNANCY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGENY; READING; SEX; SOCIAL STATUS; URINALYSIS; URINE LEVEL;

CHILD; COGNITION DISORDERS; COHORT STUDIES; EDUCATIONAL MEASUREMENT; FEMALE; FOLLOW-UP STUDIES; FOOD, FORTIFIED; HEALTH PROMOTION; HUMANS; IODINE; LANGUAGE ARTS; LEARNING DISORDERS; LONGITUDINAL STUDIES; MALE; MATERNAL NUTRITIONAL PHYSIOLOGICAL PHENOMENA; NUTRITION POLICY; PREGNANCY; PREGNANCY COMPLICATIONS; SEVERITY OF ILLNESS INDEX; TASMANIA;

EID: 84877699414     PISSN: 0021972X     EISSN: 19457197     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1210/jc.2012-4249     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. Delange F. Iodine deficiency as a cause of brain damage. Postgrad Med J. 2001;77:217-220.
2. Zimmermann MB. Iodine deficiency. Endocr Rev. 2009;30:376-408.
3. Zimmermann MB. Iodine deficiency in pregnancy and the effects of maternal iodine supplementation on the offspring: a review. Am J Clin Nutr. 2009;89:668S-672S.
4. Skeaff SA. Iodine deficiency in pregnancy: the effect on neurodevelopment in the child. Nutrients. 2011;3:265-273.
5. Berbel P, Mestre JL, Santamariá A, et al. Delayed neurobehavioral development in children born to pregnant women with mild hypothyroxinemia during the first month of gestation: the importance of early iodine supplementation. Thyroid. 2009;19:511-519.
6. Velasco I, Carreira M, Santiago P, et al. Effect of iodine prophylaxis during pregnancy on neurocognitive development of children during the first two years of life. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009;94:3234-3241.
7. Murcia M, Rebagliato M, Iñiguez C, et al. Effect of iodine supplementation during pregnancy on infant neurodevelopment at 1 year of age. Am J Epidemiol. 2011;173:804-812.
8. Bleichrodt N, Born MP. Ametaanalysis of research on iodine and its relationship to cognitive development. In: Stanbury JB, ed. The Damaged Brain of Iodine Deficiency: Cognitive, Behavioral, Neuromotor, and Educative Aspects. New York: Cognizant Communication Corporation; 1994:195-200.
9. Azizi F, Kalani H, Kimiagar M, et al. Physical, neuromotor and intellectual impairment in non-cretinous schoolchildren with iodine deficiency. Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 1995;65:199-205.
10. Boyages SC, Collins JK, Maberly GF, Jupp JJ, Morris J, Eastman CJ. Iodine deficiency impairs intellectual and neuromotor development in apparently-normal persons. Astudy of rural inhabitants of northcentral China. Med J Aust. 1989;150:676-682.
11. Gordon RC, Rose MC, Skeaff SA, Gray AR, Morgan KM, Ruffman T. Iodine supplementation improves cognition in mildly iodine-deficient children. Am J Clin Nutr. 2009;90:1264-1271.
12. Zimmermann MB, Connolly K, Bozo M, Bridson J, Rohner F, Grimci L. Iodine supplementation improves cognition in iodinedeficient schoolchildren in Albania: a randomized, controlled, double-blind study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006;83:108-114.
13. van den Briel T, West CE, Bleichrodt N, van de Vijver FJ, Ategbo EA, Hautvast JG. Improved iodine status is associated with improved mental performance of schoolchildren in Benin. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000;72:1179-1185.
14. Hynes KL, Blizzard CL, Otahal P, et al. History of iodine deficiency in school children in Tasmania, Australia. In: Preedy VR, Burrow GN, Watson RR, eds. Comprehensive Handbook on Iodine: Nutritional, Biochemical, Pathological and Therapeutic Aspects. New York: Elsevier; 2009:1235-1251.
15. Seal JA, Doyle Z, Burgess JR, Taylor R, Cameron AR. Iodine status of Tasmanians following voluntary fortification of bread with iodine. Med J Aust. 2007;186:69-71.
16. Seal JA, Johnson EM, Doyle Z, Shaw K. Tasmania: doing its wee bit for iodine nutrition. Med J Aust. 2003;179:451-452.
17. Stilwell G, Reynolds PJ, Parameswaran V, Blizzard L, Greenaway TM, Burgess JR. The influence of gestational stage on urinary iodine excretion in pregnancy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2008;93:1737-1742.
18. Dunn JT, Crutchfield HE, Gutekunst R, Dunn AD. Two simple methods for measuring iodine in urine. Thyroid. 1993;3:119-123.
19. Andersson M, de Benoist B, Delange F, Zupan J. Prevention and control of iodine deficiency in pregnant and lactating women and in children less than 2-years-old: conclusions and recommendations of the Technical Consultation. Public Health Nutr. 2007;10:1606-1611.
20. Hetzel BS. Iodine deficiency and fetal brain damage. N Engl J Med. 1994;331:1770-1771.
21. de Escobar GM, Obregón MJ, Del Rey FE. Iodine deficiency and brain development in the first half of pregnancy. Public Health Nutr. 2007;10:1154-1570.
22. Als C, Helbling A, Peter K, Haldimann M, Zimmerli B, Gerber H. Urinary iodine concentration follows a circadian rhythm: a study with 3023 spot urine samples in adults and children. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000;85:1367-1369.
23. König F, Andersson M, Hotz K, Aeberli I, Zimmermann MB. Ten repeat collections for urinary iodine from spot samples or 24-hour samples are needed to reliably estimate individual iodine status in women. J Nutr. 2011;141:2049-2054.
24. Gowachirapant S, Winichagoon P, Wyss L, et al. Urinary iodine concentrations indicate iodine deficiency in pregnant Thai women but iodine sufficiency in their school-aged children. J Nutr. 2009; 139:1169-1172.
25. Burgess JR, Seal JA, Stilwell GM, Reynolds PJ, Taylor ER, Parameswaran V. A case for universal salt iodisation to correct iodine deficiency in pregnancy: another salutary lesson from Tasmania. Med J Aust. 2007;186:574-576.
26. National Health and Medical Research Council. Nutrient Reference Values for Australia and New Zealand Including Recommended Dietary Intakes. Canberra, Australia: National Health and Medical Research Council; 2006.
27. Stagnaro-Green A, Abalovich M, Alexander E, et al. Guidelines of the American Thyroid Association for the diagnosis and management of thyroid disease during pregnancy and postpartum. Thyroid. 2011;21:1081-1125.
28. De Groot L, Abalovich M, Alexander EK, et al. Management of thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy and postpartum: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2012;97:2543-2565.
29. Smyth PP, Hetherton AM, Smith DF, Radcliff M, O'Herlihy C. Maternal iodine status and thyroid volume during pregnancy: correlation with neonatal iodine intake. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1997; 82:2840-2843.
30. Brander L, Als C, Buess H, et al. Urinary iodine concentration during pregnancy in an area of unstable dietary iodine intake in Switzerland. J Endocrinol Invest. 2003;26:389-396.
31. Hynes K. Urinary Iodine Status of Tasmanian Primary School Children. Pilot Study 1996, Phase I 1998-99, Phase II 2000-01. Final Project Report for the Tasmanian State Government Department of Health and Human Services. Hobart, Tasmania: Menzies Centre for Population Health Research; 2001.
32. Brown-Grant K. The iodide concentrating mechanism of the mammary gland. J Physiol (Lond). 1957;135:644-654.
33. Azizi F, Smyth P. Breastfeeding and maternal and infant iodine nutrition. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2009;70:803-809.
34. Fielding-Barnsley R, Hay I. Comparative effectiveness of phonological awareness and oral language intervention for children with low emergent literacy skills. Aust J Lang Literacy. 2012;35:271-286.
35. Ormrod JE, Cochran KF. Relationship of verbal ability and working memory to spelling achievement and learning to spell. Read Res Instruct. 1988;28:33-43.
36. Marshall CM, Snowling MJ, Bailey BJ. Rapid auditory processing and phonological ability in normal readers and readers with dyslexia. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2001;44:925-940.
37. Ehri LC. Learning to read and learning to spell are on and the same, almost. In: Perfetti CA, Rieben L, Fayol M, eds. Learning to Spell: Research, Theory, and Practice Across Languages. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1997:237-270.
38. Newman S, Fields H, Wright S. A developmental study of specific spelling disability. Br J Educ Psychol. 1993;63:287-296.
39. van den Briel T, West CE, Hautvast JG, Ategbo EA. Mild iodine deficiency is associated with elevated hearing thresholds in children in Benin. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2001;55:763-768.
40. Soriguer F, Millón MC, Munoz R, et al. The auditory threshold in a school-age population is related to iodine intake and thyroid function. Thyroid. 2000;10:991-999.
41. Wang YY, Yang SH. Improvement in hearing among otherwise normal schoolchildren in iodine-deficient areas of Guizhou, China, following use of iodized salt. Lancet. 1985;2:518-520.
42. Azizi F, Mirmiran P, Hedayati M, Salarkia N, Noohi S, Rostamian D. Effect of 10 yr of the iodine supplementation on the hearing threshold of iodine deficient schoolchildren. J Endocrinol Invest. 2005;28:595-598.
43. van Mil NH, Tiemeier H, Bongers-Schokking JJ, et al. Low urinary iodine excretion during early pregnancy is associated with alterations in executive functioning in children. J Nutr. 2012;142:2167-2174.
44. Charlton K, Yeatman H, Lucas C, et al. Poor knowledge and practices related to iodine nutrition during pregnancy and lactation in Australian women: pre- and post-iodine fortification. Nutrients. 2012;4:1317-1327.
45. National Health and Medical Research Council. Iodine Supplementation for Pregnant and Breastfeeding Women. Canberra, Australia: National Health and Medical Research Council; 2010.
46. Zimmermann MB, Andersson M. Assessment of iodine nutrition in populations: past, present, and future. Nutr Rev. 2012;70:553-570.