메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 101, Issue 4, 2015, Pages 296-308

Dihydrotestosterone as a Protective Agent in Chronic Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Author keywords

Inflammation; Mitochondria; Multiple sclerosis; Neuroactive steroids; Spinal cord

Indexed keywords

ANDROSTANOLONE; GLIAL FIBRILLARY ACIDIC PROTEIN; IMMUNOGLOBULIN ENHANCER BINDING PROTEIN; INTERLEUKIN 1BETA; MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGEN CLASS 2; MITOCHONDRIAL DNA; MITOCHONDRIAL PROTEIN; PROTEIN BAX; THIOBARBITURIC ACID REACTIVE SUBSTANCE; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR 4; TRANSLOCATOR PROTEIN 18 KDA; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; NEUROPROTECTIVE AGENT;

EID: 84937966544     PISSN: 00283835     EISSN: 14230194     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1159/000381064     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (37)

References (78)
  • 1
    • 81555223903 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The molecular basis of neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis
    • Lassmann H, van Horssen J: The molecular basis of neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis. FEBS Lett 2011; 585: 3715-3723.
    • (2011) FEBS Lett , vol.585 , pp. 3715-3723
    • Lassmann, H.1    Van Horssen, J.2
  • 3
    • 34447640526 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The involvement of mitochondria in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis
    • Kalman B, Laitinen K, Komoly S: The involvement of mitochondria in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 2007; 188: 1-12.
    • (2007) J Neuroimmunol , vol.188 , pp. 1-12
    • Kalman, B.1    Laitinen, K.2    Komoly, S.3
  • 4
    • 71849083196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is multiple sclerosis a mitochondrial disease?
    • Mao P, Reddy PH: Is multiple sclerosis a mitochondrial disease? Biochim Biophys Acta 2010; 1802: 66-79.
    • (2010) Biochim Biophys Acta , vol.1802 , pp. 66-79
    • Mao, P.1    Reddy, P.H.2
  • 5
    • 84894468110 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis
    • Witte ME, Mahad DJ, Lassmann H, van Horssen J: Mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis. Trends Mol Med 2014; 20: 179-187.
    • (2014) Trends Mol Med , vol.20 , pp. 179-187
    • Witte, M.E.1    Mahad, D.J.2    Lassmann, H.3    Van Horssen, J.4
  • 9
    • 70349783663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European Charcot Foundation Lecture: The natural history of multiple sclerosis and gender
    • Sadovnick AD: European Charcot Foundation Lecture: the natural history of multiple sclerosis and gender. J Neurol Sci 2009; 286: 1-5.
    • (2009) J Neurol Sci , vol.286 , pp. 1-5
    • Sadovnick, A.D.1
  • 10
    • 0036628398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple sclerosis and gender
    • Darlington C: Multiple sclerosis and gender. Curr Opin Investig Drugs 2002; 3: 911-914.
    • (2002) Curr Opin Investig Drugs , vol.3 , pp. 911-914
    • Darlington, C.1
  • 11
    • 33244466021 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natural history of multiple sclerosis: A unifying concept
    • Confavreux C, Vukusic S: Natural history of multiple sclerosis: a unifying concept. Brain 2006; 129: 606-616.
    • (2006) Brain , vol.129 , pp. 606-616
    • Confavreux, C.1    Vukusic, S.2
  • 13
    • 70349772045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sex hormones, brain damage and clinical course of multiple sclerosis
    • Tomassini V, Pozzilli C: Sex hormones, brain damage and clinical course of multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Sci 2009; 286: 35-39.
    • (2009) J Neurol Sci , vol.286 , pp. 35-39
    • Tomassini, V.1    Pozzilli, C.2
  • 15
    • 0028317040 scopus 로고
    • Natural history of multiple sclerosis
    • Weinshenker BG: Natural history of multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol 1994; 36:S6-S11.
    • (1994) Ann Neurol , vol.36 , pp. S6-S11
    • Weinshenker, B.G.1
  • 16
    • 0347362902 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Androgens are protective in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis: Implications for multiple sclerosis
    • Palaszynski KM, Loo KK, Ashouri JF, Liu HB, Voskuhl RR: Androgens are protective in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis: implications for multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 2004; 146: 144-152.
    • (2004) J Neuroimmunol , vol.146 , pp. 144-152
    • Palaszynski, K.M.1    Loo, K.K.2    Ashouri, J.F.3    Liu, H.B.4    Voskuhl, R.R.5
  • 17
    • 0031179506 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Testosterone therapy ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and induces a T helper 2 bias in the autoantigen-specific T lymphocyte response
    • Dalal M, Kim S, Voskuhl RR: Testosterone therapy ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and induces a T helper 2 bias in the autoantigen-specific T lymphocyte response. J Immunol 1997; 159: 3-6.
    • (1997) J Immunol , vol.159 , pp. 3-6
    • Dalal, M.1    Kim, S.2    Voskuhl, R.R.3
  • 18
    • 0344528570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Androgens alter the cytokine profile and reduce encephalitogenicity of myelinreactive T cells
    • Bebo BF Jr, Schuster JC, Vandenbark AA, Offner H: Androgens alter the cytokine profile and reduce encephalitogenicity of myelinreactive T cells. J Immunol 1999; 162: 35-40.
    • (1999) J Immunol , vol.162 , pp. 35-40
    • Bebo, B.F.1    Schuster, J.C.2    Vandenbark, A.A.3    Offner, H.4
  • 21
    • 35348931001 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 5?-Androstane-3?,17?-diol (3?-diol), an estrogenic metabolite of 5?-dihydrotestosterone, is a potent modulator of estrogen receptor ER? Expression in the ventral prostrate of adult rats
    • Oliveira AG, Coelho PH, Guedes FD, Mahecha GA, Hess RA, Oliveira CA: 5?-Androstane-3?,17?-diol (3?-diol), an estrogenic metabolite of 5?-dihydrotestosterone, is a potent modulator of estrogen receptor ER? expression in the ventral prostrate of adult rats. Steroids 2007; 72: 914-922.
    • (2007) Steroids , vol.72 , pp. 914-922
    • Oliveira, A.G.1    Coelho, P.H.2    Guedes, F.D.3    Mahecha, G.A.4    Hess, R.A.5    Oliveira, C.A.6
  • 23
    • 84865802390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Therapeutic testosterone administration preserves excitatory synaptic transmission in the hippocampus during autoimmune demyelinating disease
    • Ziehn MO, Avedisian AA, Dervin SM, Umeda EA, O'Dell TJ, Voskuhl RR: Therapeutic testosterone administration preserves excitatory synaptic transmission in the hippocampus during autoimmune demyelinating disease. J Neurosci 2012; 32: 12312-12324.
    • (2012) J Neurosci , vol.32 , pp. 12312-12324
    • Ziehn, M.O.1    Avedisian, A.A.2    Dervin, S.M.3    Umeda, E.A.4    O'Dell, T.J.5    Voskuhl, R.R.6
  • 26
    • 47549102403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Actively induced EAE in Lewis rats: Characterization of spleen and spinal cord infiltrating lymphocytes by flow cytometry during the course of the disease
    • Rigolio R, Biffi A, Oggioni N, Cavaletti G: Actively induced EAE in Lewis rats: characterization of spleen and spinal cord infiltrating lymphocytes by flow cytometry during the course of the disease. J Neuroimmunol 2008; 199: 67-74.
    • (2008) J Neuroimmunol , vol.199 , pp. 67-74
    • Rigolio, R.1    Biffi, A.2    Oggioni, N.3    Cavaletti, G.4
  • 27
    • 84883894167 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of plasma and cerebrospinal fluid levels of neuroactive steroids with their brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerve levels in male and female rats
    • Caruso D, Pesaresi M, Abbiati F, Calabrese D, Giatti S, Garcia-Segura LM, Melcangi RC: Comparison of plasma and cerebrospinal fluid levels of neuroactive steroids with their brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerve levels in male and female rats. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2013; 38: 2278-2290.
    • (2013) Psychoneuroendocrinology , vol.38 , pp. 2278-2290
    • Caruso, D.1    Pesaresi, M.2    Abbiati, F.3    Calabrese, D.4    Giatti, S.5    Garcia-Segura, L.M.6    Melcangi, R.C.7
  • 28
    • 47849095720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selective oestrogen receptor (ER) modulators reduce microglia reactivity in vivo after peripheral inflammation: Potential role of microglial ERs
    • Tapia-Gonzalez S, Carrero P, Pernia O, Garcia-Segura LM, Diz-Chaves Y: Selective oestrogen receptor (ER) modulators reduce microglia reactivity in vivo after peripheral inflammation: potential role of microglial ERs. J Endocrinol 2008; 198: 219-230.
    • (2008) J Endocrinol , vol.198 , pp. 219-230
    • Tapia-Gonzalez, S.1    Carrero, P.2    Pernia, O.3    Garcia-Segura, L.M.4    Diz-Chaves, Y.5
  • 29
    • 0033612565 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of cell death in the trochlear nucleus of the chick embryo: Calibration of the optical disector counting method reveals systematic bias
    • Hatton WJ, von Bartheld CS: Analysis of cell death in the trochlear nucleus of the chick embryo: calibration of the optical disector counting method reveals systematic bias. J Comp Neurol 1999; 409: 169-186.
    • (1999) J Comp Neurol , vol.409 , pp. 169-186
    • Hatton, W.J.1    Von Bartheld, C.S.2
  • 30
    • 0023277545 scopus 로고
    • Single-step method of RNA isolation by acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform extraction
    • Chomczynski P, Sacchi N: Single-step method of RNA isolation by acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform extraction. Anal Biochem 1987; 162: 156-159.
    • (1987) Anal Biochem , vol.162 , pp. 156-159
    • Chomczynski, P.1    Sacchi, N.2
  • 31
    • 0026737525 scopus 로고
    • Lipid peroxidation in isolated rat nephron segments
    • Ha H, Endou H: Lipid peroxidation in isolated rat nephron segments. Am J Physiol 1992; 263:F201-F207.
    • (1992) Am J Physiol , vol.263 , pp. F201-F207
    • Ha, H.1    Endou, H.2
  • 32
    • 0017184389 scopus 로고
    • A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of proteindye binding
    • Bradford MM: A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of proteindye binding. Anal Biochem 1976; 72: 248-254.
    • (1976) Anal Biochem , vol.72 , pp. 248-254
    • Bradford, M.M.1
  • 33
    • 0027052826 scopus 로고
    • Astrocytes immunoreactive for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) are increased in the mediobasal hypothalamus in hypogonadal (hpg) mice
    • McQueen JK, Wright AK, Arbuthnott GW, Fink G: Astrocytes immunoreactive for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) are increased in the mediobasal hypothalamus in hypogonadal (hpg) mice. Mol Cell Neurosci 1992; 3: 473-481.
    • (1992) Mol Cell Neurosci , vol.3 , pp. 473-481
    • McQueen, J.K.1    Wright, A.K.2    Arbuthnott, G.W.3    Fink, G.4
  • 34
    • 34249994344 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Testosterone decreases reactive astroglia and reactive microglia after brain injury in male rats: Role of its metabolites, oestradiol and dihydrotestosterone
    • Barreto G, Veiga S, Azcoitia I, Garcia-Segura LM, Garcia-Ovejero D: Testosterone decreases reactive astroglia and reactive microglia after brain injury in male rats: role of its metabolites, oestradiol and dihydrotestosterone. Eur J Neurosci 2007; 25: 3039-3046.
    • (2007) Eur J Neurosci , vol.25 , pp. 3039-3046
    • Barreto, G.1    Veiga, S.2    Azcoitia, I.3    Garcia-Segura, L.M.4    Garcia-Ovejero, D.5
  • 37
    • 84869187974 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular imaging of microglia/macrophages in the brain
    • Venneti S, Lopresti BJ, Wiley CA: Molecular imaging of microglia/macrophages in the brain. Glia 2013; 61: 10-23.
    • (2013) Glia , vol.61 , pp. 10-23
    • Venneti, S.1    Lopresti, B.J.2    Wiley, C.A.3
  • 38
    • 33846025116 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial protein nitration primes neurodegeneration in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
    • Qi X, Lewin AS, Sun L, Hauswirth WW, Guy J: Mitochondrial protein nitration primes neurodegeneration in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Biol Chem 2006; 281: 31950-31962.
    • (2006) J Biol Chem , vol.281 , pp. 31950-31962
    • Qi, X.1    Lewin, A.S.2    Sun, L.3    Hauswirth, W.W.4    Guy, J.5
  • 39
    • 33847701239 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Suppression of mitochondrial oxidative stress provides long-term neuroprotection in experimental optic neuritis
    • Qi X, Lewin AS, Sun L, Hauswirth WW, Guy J: Suppression of mitochondrial oxidative stress provides long-term neuroprotection in experimental optic neuritis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2007; 48: 681-691.
    • (2007) Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci , vol.48 , pp. 681-691
    • Qi, X.1    Lewin, A.S.2    Sun, L.3    Hauswirth, W.W.4    Guy, J.5
  • 41
    • 68049098297 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estrogen and testosterone therapies in multiple sclerosis
    • Gold SM, Voskuhl RR: Estrogen and testosterone therapies in multiple sclerosis. Prog Brain Res 2009; 175: 239-251.
    • (2009) Prog Brain Res , vol.175 , pp. 239-251
    • Gold, S.M.1    Voskuhl, R.R.2
  • 44
    • 36349031085 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deleterious effects of dihydrotestosterone on cerebral ischemic injury
    • Cheng J, Alkayed NJ, Hurn PD: Deleterious effects of dihydrotestosterone on cerebral ischemic injury. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2007; 27: 1553-1562.
    • (2007) J Cereb Blood Flow Metab , vol.27 , pp. 1553-1562
    • Cheng, J.1    Alkayed, N.J.2    Hurn, P.D.3
  • 45
    • 80053094971 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurotoxic effects of androgens in spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy
    • Parodi S, Pennuto M: Neurotoxic effects of androgens in spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy. Front Neuroendocrinol 2011; 32: 416-425.
    • (2011) Front Neuroendocrinol , vol.32 , pp. 416-425
    • Parodi, S.1    Pennuto, M.2
  • 46
    • 13544251736 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Middle-age male mice have increased severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and are unresponsive to testosterone therapy
    • Matejuk A, Hopke C, Vandenbark AA, Hurn PD, Offner H: Middle-age male mice have increased severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and are unresponsive to testosterone therapy. J Immunol 2005; 174: 2387-2395.
    • (2005) J Immunol , vol.174 , pp. 2387-2395
    • Matejuk, A.1    Hopke, C.2    Vandenbark, A.A.3    Hurn, P.D.4    Offner, H.5
  • 47
    • 77958568334 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of short-and long-term gonadectomy on neuroactive steroid levels in the central and peripheral nervous system of male and female rats
    • Caruso D, Pesaresi M, Maschi O, Giatti S, Garcia-Segura LM, Melcangi RC: Effect of short-and long-term gonadectomy on neuroactive steroid levels in the central and peripheral nervous system of male and female rats. J Neuroendocrinol 2010; 22: 1137-1147.
    • (2010) J Neuroendocrinol , vol.22 , pp. 1137-1147
    • Caruso, D.1    Pesaresi, M.2    Maschi, O.3    Giatti, S.4    Garcia-Segura, L.M.5    Melcangi, R.C.6
  • 48
    • 24144498784 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Astrocyteassociated axonal damage in pre-onset stages of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
    • Wang D, Ayers MM, Catmull DV, Hazelwood LJ, Bernard CC, Orian JM: Astrocyteassociated axonal damage in pre-onset stages of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Glia 2005; 51: 235-240.
    • (2005) Glia , vol.51 , pp. 235-240
    • Wang, D.1    Ayers, M.M.2    Catmull, D.V.3    Hazelwood, L.J.4    Bernard, C.C.5    Orian, J.M.6
  • 50
    • 64849094450 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transgenic inhibition of astroglial NF-kappa B improves functional outcome in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by suppressing chronic central nervous system inflammation
    • Brambilla R, Persaud T, Hu X, Karmally S, Shestopalov VI, Dvoriantchikova G, Ivanov D, Nathanson L, Barnum SR, Bethea JR: Transgenic inhibition of astroglial NF-kappa B improves functional outcome in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by suppressing chronic central nervous system inflammation. J Immunol 2009; 182: 2628-2640.
    • (2009) J Immunol , vol.182 , pp. 2628-2640
    • Brambilla, R.1    Persaud, T.2    Hu, X.3    Karmally, S.4    Shestopalov, V.I.5    Dvoriantchikova, G.6    Ivanov, D.7    Nathanson, L.8    Barnum, S.R.9    Bethea, J.R.10
  • 51
    • 0029916266 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of progesterone, testosterone and their 5 alpha-reduced metabolites on GFAP gene expression in type 1 astrocytes
    • Melcangi RC, Riva MA, Fumagalli F, Magnaghi V, Racagni G, Martini L: Effect of progesterone, testosterone and their 5 alpha-reduced metabolites on GFAP gene expression in type 1 astrocytes. Brain Res 1996; 711: 10-15.
    • (1996) Brain Res , vol.711 , pp. 10-15
    • Melcangi, R.C.1    Riva, M.A.2    Fumagalli, F.3    Magnaghi, V.4    Racagni, G.5    Martini, L.6
  • 53
    • 0035881678 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Testosterone acts directly on CD4+ T lymphocytes to increase IL-10 production
    • Liva SM, Voskuhl RR: Testosterone acts directly on CD4+ T lymphocytes to increase IL-10 production. J Immunol 2001; 167: 2060-2067.
    • (2001) J Immunol , vol.167 , pp. 2060-2067
    • Liva, S.M.1    Voskuhl, R.R.2
  • 55
    • 9244231261 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ultrastructural evidence that androgen receptors are located at extranuclear sites in the rat hippocampal formation
    • Tabori NE, Stewart LS, Znamensky V, Romeo RD, Alves SE, McEwen BS, Milner TA: Ultrastructural evidence that androgen receptors are located at extranuclear sites in the rat hippocampal formation. Neuroscience 2005; 130: 151-163.
    • (2005) Neuroscience , vol.130 , pp. 151-163
    • Tabori, N.E.1    Stewart, L.S.2    Znamensky, V.3    Romeo, R.D.4    Alves, S.E.5    McEwen, B.S.6    Milner, T.A.7
  • 57
    • 77955091036 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Astrogliosis in CNS pathologies: Is there a role for microglia?
    • Zhang D, Hu X, Qian L, O'Callaghan JP, Hong JS: Astrogliosis in CNS pathologies: is there a role for microglia? Mol Neurobiol 2010; 41: 232-241.
    • (2010) Mol Neurobiol , vol.41 , pp. 232-241
    • Zhang, D.1    Hu, X.2    Qian, L.3    O'Callaghan, J.P.4    Hong, J.S.5
  • 60
    • 84908611891 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toll-like receptors in central nervous system injury and disease: A focus on the spinal cord
    • Heiman A, Pallottie A, Heary RF, Elkabes S: Toll-like receptors in central nervous system injury and disease: a focus on the spinal cord. Brain Behav Immun 2014; 42: 232-245.
    • (2014) Brain Behav Immun , vol.42 , pp. 232-245
    • Heiman, A.1    Pallottie, A.2    Heary, R.F.3    Elkabes, S.4
  • 61
    • 34250182782 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toll-like receptor (TLR)-2 and TLR-4 regulate inflammation, gliosis, and myelin sparing after spinal cord injury
    • Kigerl KA, Lai W, Rivest S, Hart RP, Satoskar AR, Popovich PG: Toll-like receptor (TLR)-2 and TLR-4 regulate inflammation, gliosis, and myelin sparing after spinal cord injury. J Neurochem 2007; 102: 37-50.
    • (2007) J Neurochem , vol.102 , pp. 37-50
    • Kigerl, K.A.1    Lai, W.2    Rivest, S.3    Hart, R.P.4    Satoskar, A.R.5    Popovich, P.G.6
  • 63
    • 63049083734 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Nurr1/CoREST pathway in microglia and astrocytes protects dopaminergic neurons from inflammation induced death
    • Saijo K, Winner B, Carson CT, Collier JG, Boyer L, Rosenfeld MG, Age FH, Glass CK: A Nurr1/CoREST pathway in microglia and astrocytes protects dopaminergic neurons from inflammation induced death. Cell 2009; 137: 47-59.
    • (2009) Cell , vol.137 , pp. 47-59
    • Saijo, K.1    Winner, B.2    Carson, C.T.3    Collier, J.G.4    Boyer, L.5    Rosenfeld, M.G.6    Age, F.H.7    Glass, C.K.8
  • 64
    • 0034674520 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation of nuclear factor-?B in the spinal cord of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis
    • Pahan K, Schmid M: Activation of nuclear factor-?B in the spinal cord of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. Neurosci Lett 2000; 287: 17-20.
    • (2000) Neurosci Lett , vol.287 , pp. 17-20
    • Pahan, K.1    Schmid, M.2
  • 65
    • 84867304014 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Progesterone down-regulates spinal cord inflammatory mediators and increases myelination in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
    • Garay LI, González Deniselle MC, Brocca ME, Lima A, Roig P, De Nicola AF: Progesterone down-regulates spinal cord inflammatory mediators and increases myelination in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Neuroscience 2012; 226: 40-50.
    • (2012) Neuroscience , vol.226 , pp. 40-50
    • Garay, L.I.1    González Deniselle, M.C.2    Brocca, M.E.3    Lima, A.4    Roig, P.5    De Nicola, A.F.6
  • 66
    • 84892503390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Astrocytes play a key role in EAE pathophysiology by orchestrating in the CNS the inflammatory response of resident and peripheral immune cells and by suppressing remyelination
    • Brambilla R, Morton PD, Ashbaugh JJ, Karmally S, Lambertsen KL, Bethea JR: Astrocytes play a key role in EAE pathophysiology by orchestrating in the CNS the inflammatory response of resident and peripheral immune cells and by suppressing remyelination. Glia 2014; 62: 452-467.
    • (2014) Glia , vol.62 , pp. 452-467
    • Brambilla, R.1    Morton, P.D.2    Ashbaugh, J.J.3    Karmally, S.4    Lambertsen, K.L.5    Bethea, J.R.6
  • 67
  • 68
    • 84880698963 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protective role of (RS)-glucoraphanin bioactivated with myrosinase in an experimental model of multiple sclerosis
    • Giacoppo S, Galuppo M, Iori R, De Nicola GR, Cassata G, Bramanti P, Mazzon E: Protective role of (RS)-glucoraphanin bioactivated with myrosinase in an experimental model of multiple sclerosis. CNS Neurosci Ther 2013; 19: 577-584.
    • (2013) CNS Neurosci Ther , vol.19 , pp. 577-584
    • Giacoppo, S.1    Galuppo, M.2    Iori, R.3    De Nicola, G.R.4    Cassata, G.5    Bramanti, P.6    Mazzon, E.7
  • 69
    • 0036065438 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In-vitro effects of FSH and testosterone withdrawal on caspase activation and DNA fragmentation in different cell types of human seminiferous epithelium
    • Tesarik J, Martinez F, Rienzi L, Iacobelli M, Ubaldi F, Mendoza C, Greco E: In-vitro effects of FSH and testosterone withdrawal on caspase activation and DNA fragmentation in different cell types of human seminiferous epithelium. Hum Reprod 2002; 17: 1811-1819.
    • (2002) Hum Reprod , vol.17 , pp. 1811-1819
    • Tesarik, J.1    Martinez, F.2    Rienzi, L.3    Iacobelli, M.4    Ubaldi, F.5    Mendoza, C.6    Greco, E.7
  • 71
    • 56549086013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Review: Mitochondria and disease progression in multiple sclerosis
    • Mahad DJ, Lassmann H, Turnbull DM: Review: mitochondria and disease progression in multiple sclerosis. Neuropath Appl Neurobiol 2008; 34: 577-589.
    • (2008) Neuropath Appl Neurobiol , vol.34 , pp. 577-589
    • Mahad, D.J.1    Lassmann, H.2    Turnbull, D.M.3
  • 72
    • 33846794822 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The NOX family of ROS-generating NADPH oxidases: Physiology and pathophysiology
    • Bedard K, Krause KH: The NOX family of ROS-generating NADPH oxidases: physiology and pathophysiology. Physiol Rev 2007; 87: 245-313.
    • (2007) Physiol Rev , vol.87 , pp. 245-313
    • Bedard, K.1    Krause, K.H.2
  • 73
    • 58249093939 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How mitochondria produce reactive oxygen species
    • Murphy MP: How mitochondria produce reactive oxygen species. Biochem J 2009; 417: 1-13.
    • (2009) Biochem J , vol.417 , pp. 1-13
    • Murphy, M.P.1
  • 74
    • 79954642381 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Advances in metal-induced oxidative stress and human disease
    • Jomova K, Valko M: Advances in metal-induced oxidative stress and human disease. Toxicology 2011; 283: 65-87.
    • (2011) Toxicology , vol.283 , pp. 65-87
    • Jomova, K.1    Valko, M.2
  • 75
    • 0032950964 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Demyelination: The role of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species
    • Smith KJ, Kapoor R, Felts PA: Demyelination: the role of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Brain Pathol 1999; 9: 69-92.
    • (1999) Brain Pathol , vol.9 , pp. 69-92
    • Smith, K.J.1    Kapoor, R.2    Felts, P.A.3
  • 76
    • 0031739084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased cerebrospinal fluid and plasma levels of ultraweak chemiluminescence are associated with changes in the thiol pool and lipid-soluble fluorescence in multiple sclerosis: The pathogenic role of oxidative stress
    • Calabrese V, Bella R, Testa D, Spadaro F, Scrofani A, Rizza V, Pennisi G: Increased cerebrospinal fluid and plasma levels of ultraweak chemiluminescence are associated with changes in the thiol pool and lipid-soluble fluorescence in multiple sclerosis: the pathogenic role of oxidative stress. Drugs Exp Clin Res 1998,24: 125-131.
    • (1998) Drugs Exp Clin Res , vol.24 , pp. 125-131
    • Calabrese, V.1    Bella, R.2    Testa, D.3    Spadaro, F.4    Scrofani, A.5    Rizza, V.6    Pennisi, G.7
  • 77
    • 0342906187 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heterogeneity of multiple sclerosis lesions: Implications for the pathogenesis of demyelination
    • Lucchinetti C, Bruck W, Parisi J, Scheithauer B, Rodriguez M, Lassmann H: Heterogeneity of multiple sclerosis lesions: implications for the pathogenesis of demyelination. Ann Neurol 2002; 47: 707-717.
    • (2002) Ann Neurol , vol.47 , pp. 707-717
    • Lucchinetti, C.1    Bruck, W.2    Parisi, J.3    Scheithauer, B.4    Rodriguez, M.5    Lassmann, H.6
  • 78
    • 84886522237 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidative stress defines the neuroprotective or neurotoxic properties of androgens in immortalized female rat dopaminergic neuronal cells
    • Holmes S, Abbassi B, Su C, Singh M, Cunningham RL: Oxidative stress defines the neuroprotective or neurotoxic properties of androgens in immortalized female rat dopaminergic neuronal cells. Endocrinology 2013; 154: 4281-4292.
    • (2013) Endocrinology , vol.154 , pp. 4281-4292
    • Holmes, S.1    Abbassi, B.2    Su, C.3    Singh, M.4    Cunningham, R.L.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.