A review on bionanocomposites based on chitosan and its derivatives for biomedical applications

Advanced Structured Materials

Volumn 74, Issue , 2015, Pages 173-208

  El Sherbiny, Ibrahim M ^a   El Baz, Nancy M ^a  

^a ZEWAIL CITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY   (Egypt)

Author keywords

Biosensors; Chitosan; Chitosan derivatives; Drug delivery; Nanocomposites; Tissue engineering; Wound healing

Indexed keywords

EID: 84937802219     PISSN: 18698433     EISSN: 18698441     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1007/978-81-322-2473-0_6     Document Type: Article

References (134)

1. Abdelgawad AM, Hudson SM, Rojas OJ (2014) Antimicrobial wound dressing nanofiber mats from multicomponent (chitosan/silver-NPs/polyvinyl alcohol) systems. Carbohydr Polym 100:166-178
2. Abolhasani M, Arefazar A, Mozdianfard M (2010) Effect of dispersed phase composition on morphological and mechanical properties of PET/EVA/PP ternary blends. J Polym Sci, Part B: Polym Phys 48:251-259
3. Aguzzi C, Sandri G, Bonferoni C, Cerezo P, Rossi S, Ferrari F, Caramella C, Viseras C (2014) Solid state characterisation of silver sulfadiazine loaded on montmorillonite/chitosan nanocomposite for wound healing. Colloids Surf B 113:152-157
4. Aimin C, Chunlin H, Juliang B, Tinyin Z, Zhichao D (1999) Antibiotic loaded chitosan bar: an in vitro, in vivo study of a possible treatment for osteomyelitis. Clin Orthop Relat Res 366:239-247
5. Anitha A, Divya Rani V, Krishna R, Sreeja V, Selvamurugan N, Nair S, Tamura H, Jayakumar R (2009) Synthesis, characterization, cytotoxicity and antibacterial studies of chitosan, O-carboxymethyl and N,O-carboxymethyl chitosan nanoparticles. Carbohydr Polym 78:672-677
6. Anitha A, Rejinold NS, Bumgardner JD, Nair SV, Jayakumar R (2012) Approaches for functional modification or cross‐linking of chitosan. Chitosan-Based Systems for Biopharmaceuticals: Delivery, Targeting and Polymer Therapeutics, pp 107-124
7. Archana D, Singh BK, Dutta J, Dutta P (2013) In vivo evaluation of chitosan-PVP-titanium dioxide nanocomposite as wound dressing material. Carbohydr Polym 95:530-539
8. Bae KH, Moon CW, Lee Y, Park TG (2009) Intracellular delivery of heparin complexed with chitosan-g-poly (ethylene glycol) for inducing apoptosis. Pharm Res 26:93-100
9. Berger J, Reist M, Mayer J, Felt O, Peppas N, Gurny R (2004) Structure and interactions in covalently and ionically crosslinked chitosan hydrogels for biomedical applications. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 57:19-34
10. Bhattarai N, Edmondson D, Veiseh O, Matsen FA, Zhang M (2005) Electrospun chitosan-based nanofibers and their cellular compatibility. Biomaterials 26:6176-6184
11. Bowman K, Leong KW (2006) Chitosan nanoparticles for oral drug and gene delivery. Int J Nanomed 1:117
12. Brannon-Peppas L, Blanchette JO (2012) Nanoparticle and targeted systems for cancer therapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 64:206-212
13. Cho K, Wang X, Nie S, Shin DM (2008) Therapeutic nanoparticles for drug delivery in cancer. Clin Cancer Res 14:1310-1316
14. Chouwatat P, Polsana P, Noknoi P, Siralertmukul K, Srikulkit K (2010) Preparation of hydrophobic chitosan using complexation method for PLA/chitosan blend. J Met, Mater Miner 20:41-44
15. Chow KS, Khor E (2000) Novel fabrication of open-pore chitin matrixes. Biomacromolecules 1:61-67
16. Chrissafis K, Paraskevopoulos KM, Papageorgiou GZ, Bikiaris DN (2008) Thermal and dynamic mechanical behavior of bionanocomposites: fumed silica nanoparticles dispersed in poly (vinyl pyrrolidone), chitosan, and poly (vinyl alcohol). J Appl Polym Sci 110: 1739-1749
17. Costa-Júnior ES, Barbosa-Stancioli EF, Mansur AA, Vasconcelos WL, Mansur HS (2009) Preparation and characterization of chitosan/poly (vinyl alcohol) chemically crosslinked blends for biomedical applications. Carbohydr Polym 76:472-481
18. Dai T, Tanaka M, Huang Y-Y, Hamblin MR (2011) Chitosan preparations for wounds and burns: antimicrobial and wound-healing effects
19. Darder M, Aranda P, Ruiz-Hitzky E (2007) Bionanocomposites: a new concept of ecological, bioinspired, and functional hybrid materials. Adv Mater 19:1309-1319
20. Dash M, Chiellini F, Ottenbrite R, Chiellini E (2011) Chitosan—a versatile semi-synthetic polymer in biomedical applications. Prog Polym Sci 36:981-1014
21. Davis ME (2008) Nanoparticle therapeutics: an emerging treatment modality for cancer. Nat Rev Drug Discovery 7:771-782
22. Denis TGS, Dai T, Huang Y-Y, Hamblin MR (2012) Wound-healing properties of chitosan and its use in wound dressing biopharmaceuticals. Chitosan-Based Systems for Biopharmaceuticals: Delivery, Targeting and Polymer Therapeutics pp 281-304
23. Depan D, Venkata Surya P, Girase B, Misra R (2011) Organic/inorganic hybrid network structure nanocomposite scaffolds based on grafted chitosan for tissue engineering. Acta Biomater 7:2163-2175
24. Dvir T, Timko BP, Kohane DS, Langer R (2011) Nanotechnological strategies for engineering complex tissues. Nat Nanotechnol 6:13-22
25. Elsabee MZ, Abdou ES (2013) Chitosan based edible films and coatings: a review. Mater Sci Eng, C 33:1819-1841
26. Feng C, Wang Z, Jiang C, Kong M, Zhou X, Li Y, Cheng X, Chen X (2013) Chitosan/o-carboxymethyl chitosan nanoparticles for efficient and safe oral anticancer drug delivery: In vitro and in vivo evaluation. Int J Pharm 457:158-167
27. Francesko A, Tzanov T (2011) Chitin, chitosan and derivatives for wound healing and tissue engineering, biofunctionalization of polymers and their applications. Springer, Berlin, pp 1-27
28. Garrait G, Beyssac E, Subirade M (2014) Development of a novel drug delivery system: chitosan nanoparticles entrapped in alginate microparticles. J Microencapsul 31:363-372
29. Gopal A, Kant V, Gopalakrishnan A, Tandan SK, Kumar D (2014) Chitosan-based copper nanocomposite accelerates healing in excision wound model in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 731:8-19
30. Gulrez SK, Al-Assaf S, Phillips GO (2011) Hydrogels: methods of preparation, characterisation and applications. Progress in Molecular and Environmental Bioengineering-From Analysis and Modeling to Technology pplications
31. Hein S, Wang K, Stevens W, Kjems J (2008) Chitosan composites for biomedical applications: status, challenges and perspectives. Mater Sci Technol 24:1053-1061
32. Hench LL (1991) Bioceramics: from concept to clinic. J Am Ceram Soc 74:1487-1510
33. Hosseinzadeh H, Atyabi F, Dinarvand R, Ostad SN (2012) Chitosan-Pluronic nanoparticles as oral delivery of anticancer gemcitabine: preparation and in vitro study. Int J Nanomed 7:1851
34. Hu C-MJ, Zhang L (2009) Therapeutic nanoparticles to combat cancer drug resistance. Curr Drug Metab 10:836-841
35. Huang P, Yang C, Liu J, Wang W, Guo S, Li J, Sun Y, Dong H, Deng L, Zhang J (2014) Improving the oral delivery efficiency of anticancer drugs by chitosan coated polycaprolactone-grafted hyaluronic acid nanoparticles. J Mater Chem B 2:4021-4033
36. Jana S, Maji N, Nayak AK, Sen KK, Basu SK (2013) Development of chitosan-based nanoparticles through inter-polymeric complexation for oral drug delivery. Carbohydr Polym 98:870-876
37. Jayakumar R, Menon D, Manzoor K, Nair S, Tamura H (2010) Biomedical applications of chitin and chitosan based nanomaterials—a short review. Carbohydr Polym 82:227-232
38. Jayakumar R, Prabaharan M, Nair S, Tokura S, Tamura H, Selvamurugan N (2010) Novel carboxymethyl derivatives of chitin and chitosan materials and their biomedical applications. Prog Mater Sci 55:675-709
39. Jayakumar R, Prabaharan M, Sudheesh Kumar P, Nair S, Tamura H (2011) Biomaterials based on chitin and chitosan in wound dressing applications. Biotechnol Adv 29:322-337
40. Jere D, Jiang H-L, Kim Y-K, Arote R, Choi Y-J, Yun C-H, Cho M-H, Cho C-S (2009) Chitosan-graft-polyethylenimine for Akt1 siRNA delivery to lung cancer cells. Int J Pharm 378:194-200
41. Jin J, Song M (2006) Chitosan and chitosan-PEO blend membranes crosslinked by genipin for drug release. J Appl Polym Sci 102:436-444
42. Kaushik A, Khan R, Solanki PR, Pandey P, Alam J, Ahmad S, Malhotra B (2008) Iron oxide nanoparticles-chitosan composite based glucose biosensor. Biosens Bioelectron 24:676-683
43. Kaushik A, Solanki PR, Ansari AA, Sumana G, Ahmad S, Malhotra BD (2009) Iron oxide-chitosan nanobiocomposite for urea sensor. Sens Actuators B: Chem 138:572-580
44. Kean T, Thanou M (2010) Biodegradation, biodistribution and toxicity of chitosan. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 62:3-11
45. Kim I-Y, Seo S-J, Moon H-S, Yoo M-K, Park I-Y, Kim B-C, Cho C-S (2008) Chitosan and its derivatives for tissue engineering applications. Biotechnol Adv 26:1-21
46. Kong M, Chen XG, Xing K, Park HJ (2010) Antimicrobial properties of chitosan and mode of action: a state of the art review. Int J Food Microbiol 144:51-63
47. Koo JH (2006) Polymer nanocomposites, McGraw-Hill Professional Pub
48. Kosaka T, Kaneko Y, Nakada Y, Matsuura M, Tanaka S (1996) Effect of chitosan implantation on activation of canine macrophages and polymorphonuclear cells after surgical stress. J Vet Med Sci: Jpn Soc Vet Sci 58:963-967
49. Kumar MR, Muzzarelli RA, Muzzarelli C, Sashiwa H, Domb A (2004) Chitosan chemistry and pharmaceutical perspectives. Chem Rev 104:6017-6084
50. Kumirska J, Weinhold MX, Thöming J, Stepnowski P (2011) Biomedical activity of chitin/chitosan based materials—influence of physicochemical properties apart from molecular weight and degree of N-acetylation. Polymers 3:1875-1901
51. Lakshmanan V-K, Snima K, Bumgardner JD, Nair SV, Jayakumar R (2011) Chitosan-based nanoparticles in cancer therapy, chitosan for biomaterials I. Springer, Berlin, pp 55-91
52. Liu DBDAT (2011) Tissue engineering. Asia-Pac J Chem Eng 6:813-815
53. Liu X-P, Zhou S-T, Li X-Y, Chen X-C, Zhao X, Qian Z-Y, Zhou L-N, Li Z, Wang Y-M, Zhong Q (2010) Research anti-tumor activity of N-trimethyl chitosan-encapsulated camptothecin in a mouse melanoma model
54. Liu Y, Kim H-I (2012) Characterization and antibacterial properties of genipin-crosslinked chitosan/poly (ethylene glycol)/ZnO/Ag nanocomposites. Carbohydr Polym 89:111-116
55. Lin M-F, Thakur VK, Tan EJ, Lee PS (2011) Dopant induced hollow BaTiO3 nanostructures for application in high performance capacitors. J Mater Chem 21:16500-16504
56. Lin M-F, Thakur VK, Tan EJ, Lee PS (2011) Surface functionalization of BaTiO3 nanoparticles and improved electrical properties of BaTiO3/polyvinylidene fluoride composite. RSC Adv 1:576-578
57. Ma J, Liu C, Li R, Wang J (2012) Properties and structural characterization of chitosan/poly (vinyl alcohol)/graphene oxide nano composites. e-Polymers 12:386-398
58. Ma L, Gao C, Mao Z, Zhou J, Shen J, Hu X, Han C (2003) Collagen/chitosan porous scaffolds with improved biostability for skin tissue engineering. Biomaterials 24:4833-4841
59. Madihally SV, Matthew HW (1999) Porous chitosan scaffolds for tissue engineering. Biomaterials 20:1133-1142
60. Malhotra BD, Kaushik A (2009) Metal oxide-chitosan based nanocomposite for cholesterol biosensor. Thin Solid Films 518:614-620
61. Mi F-L, Tan Y-C, Liang H-F, Sung H-W (2002) In vivo biocompatibility and degradability of a novel injectable-chitosan-based implant. Biomaterials 23:181-191
62. Min KH, Park K, Kim Y-S, Bae SM, Lee S, Jo HG, Park R-W, Kim I-S, Jeong SY, Kim K (2008) Hydrophobically modified glycol chitosan nanoparticles-encapsulated camptothecin enhance the drug stability and tumor targeting in cancer therapy. J Control Release 127: 208-218
63. Nam HY, Kwon SM, Chung H, Lee S-Y, Kwon S-H, Jeon H, Kim Y, Park JH, Kim J, Her S (2009) Cellular uptake mechanism and intracellular fate of hydrophobically modified glycol chitosan nanoparticles. J Control Release 135:259-267
64. Nishikawa H, Ueno A, Nishikawa S, Kido J-I, Ohishi M, Inoue H, Nagata T (2000) Sulfated glycosaminoglycan synthesis and its regulation by transforming growth factor-β in rat clonal dental pulp cells. J Endod 26:169-171
65. Noh SM, Park MO, Shim G, Han SE, Lee HY, Huh JH, Kim MS, Choi JJ, Kim K, Kwon IC (2010) Pegylated poly-l-arginine derivatives of chitosan for effective delivery of siRNA. J Control Release 145:159-164
66. Okamoto Y, Watanabe M, Miyatake K, Morimoto M, Shigemasa Y, Minami S (2002) Effects of chitin/chitosan and their oligomers/monomers on migrations of fibroblasts and vascular endothelium. Biomaterials 23:1975-1979
67. Olteanu CE (2007) Applications of functionalized chitosan. Sci Study Res VIII:227-256
68. Pan Y, Li Y-J, Zhao H-Y, Zheng J-M, Xu H, Wei G, Hao J-S, Cui F-D (2002) Bioadhesive polysaccharide in protein delivery system: chitosan nanoparticles improve the intestinal absorption of insulin in vivo. Int J Pharm 249:139-147
69. Park BK, Kim M-M (2010) Applications of chitin and its derivatives in biological medicine. Int J Mol Sci 11:5152-5164
70. Patel MP, Patel RR, Patel JK (2010) Chitosan mediated targeted drug delivery system: a review. J Pharm Pharm Sci 13:536-557
71. Peter M, Binulal N, Soumya S, Nair S, Furuike T, Tamura H, Jayakumar R (2010) Nanocomposite scaffolds of bioactive glass ceramic nanoparticles disseminated chitosan matrix for tissue engineering applications. Carbohydr Polym 79:284-289
72. Pham GD, Nguyen XP, Vu DH, Nguyen NT, Tran VH, Mai TTT, Nguyen HB, Le QD, Nguyen TN, Ba TC (2011) Some biomedical applications of chitosan-based hybrid nanomaterials. Adv Nat Sci: Nanosci Nanotechnol 2:045004
73. Pillai C, Paul W, Sharma CP (2009) Chitin and chitosan polymers: chemistry, solubility and fiber formation. Prog Polym Sci 34:641-678
74. Qi B, Yu A, Zhu S, Chen B, Li Y (2010) The preparation and cytocompatibility of injectable thermosensitive chitosan/poly (vinyl alcohol) hydrogel. J Huazhong Univ Sci Technol [Med Sci] 30:89-93
75. Qian F, Cui F, Ding J, Tang C, Yin C (2006) Chitosan graft copolymer nanoparticles for oral protein drug delivery: preparation and characterization. Biomacromolecules 7:2722-2727
76. Qu G, Yao Z, Zhang C, Wu X, Ping Q (2009) PEG conjugated N-octyl-O-sulfate chitosan micelles for delivery of paclitaxel: in vitro characterization and in vivo evaluation. Eur J Pharm Sci 37:98-105
77. Rajam AM, Jithendra P, Rose C, Mandal AB (2012) In vitro evaluation of dual growth factor-incorporated chitosan nanoparticle impregnated collagen-chitosan scaffold for tissue engineering. J Bioact Compatible Polym 27:265-277
78. Ramanathan S, Ponnuswamy V, Mariappan R, Nazeer KP, Murugavel S (2012) Physical investigations on chitosan graft polyaniline. Elixir Org Chem 43:6952-6954
79. Risbud MV, Hardikar AA, Bhat SV, Bhonde RR (2000) pH-sensitive freeze-dried chitosan- polyvinyl pyrrolidone hydrogels as controlled release system for antibiotic delivery. J Control Release 68:23-30
80. Rosso F, Giordano A, Barbarisi M, Barbarisi A (2004) From cell-ECM interactions to tissue engineering. J Cell Physiol 199:174-180
81. Roy K, Ghosn B, Kasturi SP (2008) Enhancing polysaccharide-mediated delivery of nucleic acids through functionalization with secondary and tertiary amines. Curr Top Med Chem 8:331-340
82. Rúnarsson ÖV, Holappa J, Jónsdóttir S, Steinsson H, Másson M (2008) N-selective ‘one pot’synthesis of highly N-substituted trimethyl chitosan (TMC). Carbohydr Polym 74: 740-744
83. Safavi A, Farjami F (2011) Electrodeposition of gold-platinum alloy nanoparticles on ionic liquid-chitosan composite film and its application in fabricating an amperometric cholesterol biosensor. Biosens Bioelectron 26:2547-2552
84. Samal SK, Dash M, Van Vlierberghe S, Kaplan DL, Chiellini E, Van Blitterswijk C, Moroni L, Dubruel P (2012) Cationic polymers and their therapeutic potential. Chem Soc Rev 41:7147-7194
85. Sanoj Rejinold N, Muthunarayanan M, Divyarani V, Sreerekha P, Chennazhi K, Nair S, Tamura H, Jayakumar R (2011) Curcumin-loaded biocompatible thermoresponsive polymeric nanoparticles for cancer drug delivery. J Colloid Interface Sci 360:39-51
86. Sarmento B, das Neves J (2012) Chitosan-based systems for biopharmaceuticals: delivery, targeting and polymer therapeutics, Wiley, New York
87. Sébastien F, Stéphane G, Copinet A, Coma V (2006) Novel biodegradable films made from chitosan and poly (lactic acid) with antifungal properties against mycotoxinogen strains. Carbohydr Polym 65:185-193
88. Shalumon K, Binulal N, Selvamurugan N, Nair S, Menon D, Furuike T, Tamura H, Jayakumar R (2009) Electrospinning of carboxymethyl chitin/poly (vinyl alcohol) nanofibrous scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. Carbohydr Polym 77:863-869
89. Shan C, Yang H, Han D, Zhang Q, Ivaska A, Niu L (2010) Graphene/AuNPs/chitosan nanocomposites film for glucose biosensing. Biosens Bioelectron 25:1070-1074
90. Shantha K, Bala U, Rao KP (1995) Tailor-made chitosans for drug delivery. Eur Polymer J 31:377-382
91. Shi C, Zhu Y, Ran X, Wang M, Su Y, Cheng T (2006) Therapeutic potential of chitosan and its derivatives in regenerative medicine. J Surg Res 133:185-192
92. Shukla SK, Mishra AK, Arotiba OA, Mamba BB (2013) Chitosan-based nanomaterials: a state-of-the-art review. Int J Biol Macromol 59:46-58
93. Sonia T, Sharma CP (2011) Chitosan and its derivatives for drug delivery perspective, chitosan for biomaterials I. Springer, Berlin, pp 23-53
94. Sultana N, Mokhtar M, Hassan MI, Jin RM, Roozbahani F, Khan TH (2014) Chitosan-based nanocomposite scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. Materials and Manufacturing Processes
95. Sun X, Zhai C, Wang X (2013) Amperometric acetylcholinesterase biosensor based on O-Carboxymethyl chitosan-gold nanoparticle nanocomposite by in-situ synthesis method. Sens J IEEE 13:172-179
96. Tan WB, Jiang S, Zhang Y (2007) Quantum-dot based nanoparticles for targeted silencing of HER2/neu gene via RNA interference. Biomaterials 28:1565-1571
97. Taranejoo S, Janmaleki M, Rafienia M, Kamali M, Mansouri M (2011) Chitosan microparticles loaded with exotoxin A subunit antigen for intranasal vaccination against Pseudomonas aeruginosa: an in vitro study. Carbohydr Polym 83:1854-1861
98. Teles F, Fonseca L (2008) Applications of polymers for biomolecule immobilization in electrochemical biosensors. Mater Sci Eng C 28:1530-1543
99. Thakur VK, Yan J, Lin M-F et al (2012) Novel polymer nanocomposites from bioinspired green aqueous functionalization of BNNTs. Polym Chem 3:962-969
100. Thakur VK, Lin M-F, Tan EJ, Lee PS (2012) Green aqueous modification of fluoropolymers for energy storage applications. J Mater Chem 22:5951-5959
101. Thakur VK, Ding G, Ma J et al (2012) Hybrid materials and polymer electrolytes for electrochromic device applications. Adv Mater 24:4071-4096
102. Thakur VK, Thakur MK (2014) Recent trends in hydrogels based on psyllium polysaccharide: a review. J Clean Prod 82:1-15
103. Thakur VK, Thakur MK (2014) Recent advances in graft copolymerization and applications of chitosan: a review. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 2:2637-2652
104. Thakur VK, Thakur MK (2014) Processing and characterization of natural cellulose fibers/thermoset polymer composites. Carbohydr Polym 109:102-117
105. Thakur VK, Thakur MK, Gupta RK (2014) Review: raw natural fiber-based polymer composites. Int J Polym Anal Charact 19:256-271
106. Thakur VK, Thakur MK, Raghavan P, Kessler MR (2014) Progress in green polymer composites from lignin for multifunctional applications: a review. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 2:1072-1092
107. Thakur VK, Vennerberg D, Madbouly SA, Kessler MR (2014) Bio-inspired green surface functionalization of PMMA for multifunctional capacitors. RSC Adv 4:6677-6684
108. Thakur VK, Thunga M, Madbouly SA, Kessler MR (2014) PMMA-g-SOY as a sustainable novel dielectric material. RSC Adv 4:18240-18249
109. Thakur VK, Grewell D, Thunga M, Kessler MR (2014) Novel composites from eco-friendly soy Flour/SBS triblock copolymer. Macromol Mater Eng 299:953-958
110. Thien DVH, Hsiao SW, Ho MH, Li CH, Shih JL (2013) Electrospun chitosan/hydroxyapatite nanofibers for bone tissue engineering. J Mater Sci 48:1640-1645
111. Tiyaboonchai W (2013) Chitosan nanoparticles: a promising system for drug delivery. Naresuan Univ J 11:51-66
112. van Vlerken LE, Amiji MM (2006) Multi-functional polymeric nanoparticles for tumour-targeted drug delivery. Expert opinion drug delivery 205-216
113. Varkouhi AK, Verheul RJ, Schiffelers RM, Lammers T, Storm G, Hennink WE (2010) Gene silencing activity of siRNA polyplexes based on thiolated N,N,N-trimethylated chitosan. Bioconjug Chem 21:2339-2346
114. Vasir JK, Reddy MK, Labhasetwar VD (2005) Nanosystems in drug targeting: opportunities and challenges. Curr Nanosci 1:47-64
115. Verheul RJ, van der Wal S, Hennink WE (2010) Tailorable thiolated trimethyl chitosans for covalently stabilized nanoparticles. Biomacromolecules 11:1965-1971
116. Wanchoo R, Thakur A, Sweta A (2008) Viscometric and rheological behaviour of chitosan-hydrophilic polymer blends. Chem Biochem Eng Q 22:15-24
117. Wang S-F, Shen L, Zhang W-D, Tong Y-J (2005) Preparation and mechanical properties of chitosan/carbon nanotubes composites. Biomacromolecules 6:3067-3072
118. Wang S, Tan Y, Zhao D, Liu G (2008) Amperometric tyrosinase biosensor based on Fe3 O4 nanoparticles-chitosan nanocomposite. Biosens Bioelectron 23:1781-1787
119. Wang JJ, Zeng ZW, Xiao RZ, Xie T, Zhou GL, Zhan XR, Wang SL (2011) Recent advances of chitosan nanoparticles as drug carriers. Int J Nanomed 6:765-774
120. Xia W, Liu P, Zhang J, Chen J (2011) Biological activities of chitosan and chitooligosaccharides. Food Hydrocolloids 25:170-179
121. Xu XH, Ren GL, Cheng J, Liu Q, Li DG, Chen Q (2006) Self-assembly of polyaniline-grafted chitosan/glucose oxidase nanolayered films for electrochemical biosensor applications. J Mater Sci 41:4974-4977
122. Xu T, Xin M, Li M, Huang H, Zhou S (2010) Synthesis, characteristic and antibacterial activity of N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan and its carboxymethyl derivatives. Carbohydr Polym 81:931-936
123. Yadav VK, Gupta A, Kumar R, Yadav JS, Kumar B (2010) Mucoadhesive polymers: means of improving the mucoadhesive properties of drug delivery system. J Chem Pharm Res 2:418-432
124. Yang S, Leong K-F, Du Z, Chua C-K (2001) The design of scaffolds for use in tissue engineering. Part I. Traditional factors. Tissue Eng 7:679-689
125. Yang X, Tu Y, Li L, Shang S, Tao X-M (2010) Well-dispersed chitosan/graphene oxide nanocomposites. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2:1707-1713
126. Yannas JBI, Quinby W Jr, Bondoc C, Jung W (1981) Successful use of a physiologically acceptable artificial skin in the treatment of extensive burn injury. Ann Surg 194:413
127. Yin L, Ding J, He C, Cui L, Tang C, Yin C (2009) Drug permeability and mucoadhesion properties of thiolated trimethyl chitosan nanoparticles in oral insulin delivery. Biomaterials 30:5691-5700
128. Yu MK, Park J, Jon S (2012) Targeting strategies for multifunctional nanoparticles in cancer imaging and therapy. Theranostics 2:3
129. Zhai X, Wei W, Zeng J, Liu X, Gong S (2006) New nanocomposite based on prussian blue nanoparticles/carbon nanotubes/chitosan and its application for assembling of amperometric glucose biosensor. Anal Lett 39:913-926
130. Zhang L, Li Y, Jimmy CY (2014) Chemical modification of inorganic nanostructures for targeted and controlled drug delivery in cancer treatment. J Mater Chem B 2:452-470
131. Zhou HY, Zhang YP, Zhang WF, Chen XG (2011) Biocompatibility and characteristics of injectable chitosan-based thermosensitive hydrogel for drug delivery. Carbohydr Polym 83:1643-1651
132. Zohuriaan-Mehr MJ (2005) Advances in chitin and chitosan modification through graft copolymerization: a comprehensive review. Iran Polym J 14:235-265
133. Zou Y, Xiang C, Sun L-X, Xu F (2008) Glucose biosensor based on electrodeposition of platinum nanoparticles onto carbon nanotubes and immobilizing enzyme with chitosan-SiO2 sol-gel. Biosens Bioelectron 23:1010-1016
134. Zuo P-P, Feng H-F, Xu Z-Z, Zhang L-F, Zhang Y-L, Xia W, Zhang W-Q (2013) Fabrication of biocompatible and mechanically reinforced graphene oxide-chitosan nanocomposite films. Chem Cent J 7:39