메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn , Issue , 2013, Pages 47-70

Microglial Function in MS Pathology

Author keywords

Central Nervous System Parenchyma; Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis; Leukaemia Inhibitory Factor; Microglial Activation; Myelin Debris

Indexed keywords


EID: 84937769033     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-2218-1_3     Document Type: Chapter
Times cited : (1)

References (121)
  • 1
    • 36448994709 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Local self-renewal can sustain CNS microglia maintenance and function throughout adult life
    • Ajami B, Bennett JL, Krieger C, Tetzlaff W, Rossi FM (2007) Local self-renewal can sustain CNS microglia maintenance and function throughout adult life. Nat Neurosci 10(12):1538–1543
    • (2007) Nat Neurosci , vol.10 , Issue.12 , pp. 1538-1543
    • Ajami, B.1    Bennett, J.L.2    Krieger, C.3    Tetzlaff, W.4    Rossi, F.M.5
  • 2
    • 0032737272 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microglia derive from progenitors, originating from the yolk sac, and which proliferate in the brain
    • Alliot F, Godin I, Pessac B (1999) Microglia derive from progenitors, originating from the yolk sac, and which proliferate in the brain. Brain Res Dev Brain Res 117(2):145–152
    • (1999) Brain Res Dev Brain Res , vol.117 , Issue.2 , pp. 145-152
    • Alliot, F.1    Godin, I.2    Pessac, B.3
  • 3
    • 0035705454 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TNF alpha promotes proliferation of oligodendrocyte progenitors and remyelination
    • Arnett HA, Mason J, Marino M, Suzuki K, Matsushima GK, Ting JP (2001) TNF alpha promotes proliferation of oligodendrocyte progenitors and remyelination. Nat Neurosci 4(11):1116–1122
    • (2001) Nat Neurosci , vol.4 , Issue.11 , pp. 1116-1122
    • Arnett, H.A.1    Mason, J.2    Marino, M.3    Suzuki, K.4    Matsushima, G.K.5    Ting, J.P.6
  • 5
    • 0242524481 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional genomic analysis of remyelination reveals importance of inflammation in oligodendrocyte regeneration
    • Arnett HA, Wang Y, Matsushima GK, Suzuki K, Ting JP (2003) Functional genomic analysis of remyelination reveals importance of inflammation in oligodendrocyte regeneration. J Neurosci 23(30):9824–9832
    • (2003) J Neurosci , vol.23 , Issue.30 , pp. 9824-9832
    • Arnett, H.A.1    Wang, Y.2    Matsushima, G.K.3    Suzuki, K.4    Ting, J.P.5
  • 7
    • 1642281535 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relapsing and remitting multiple sclerosis: Pathology of the newly forming lesion
    • Barnett MH, Prineas JW (2004) Relapsing and remitting multiple sclerosis: pathology of the newly forming lesion. Ann Neurol 55(4):458–468
    • (2004) Ann Neurol , vol.55 , Issue.4 , pp. 458-468
    • Barnett, M.H.1    Prineas, J.W.2
  • 8
    • 33645807860 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The macrophage in MS: Just a scavenger after all? Pathology and pathogenesis of the acute MS lesion
    • Barnett MH, Henderson AP, Prineas JW (2006) The macrophage in MS: just a scavenger after all? Pathology and pathogenesis of the acute MS lesion. Mult Scler 12(2):121–132
    • (2006) Mult Scler , vol.12 , Issue.2 , pp. 121-132
    • Barnett, M.H.1    Henderson, A.P.2    Prineas, J.W.3
  • 9
    • 33645014572 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The genetic causes of basal ganglia calcification, dementia, and bone cysts: DAP12 and TREM2
    • author reply 615–616
    • Bianchin MM, Lima JE, Natel J, Sakamoto AC (2006) The genetic causes of basal ganglia calcification, dementia, and bone cysts: DAP12 and TREM2. Neurology 66(4):615–616, author reply 615–616
    • (2006) Neurology , vol.66 , Issue.4 , pp. 615-616
    • Bianchin, M.M.1    Lima, J.E.2    Natel, J.3    Sakamoto, A.C.4
  • 11
    • 0033663894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurological disability correlates with spinal cord axonal loss and reduced N-acetyl aspartate in chronic multiple sclerosis patients
    • Bjartmar C, Kidd GJ, Mörk S, Rudick R, Trapp BD (2000) Neurological disability correlates with spinal cord axonal loss and reduced N-acetyl aspartate in chronic multiple sclerosis patients. Ann Neurol 48(6):893–901
    • (2000) Ann Neurol , vol.48 , Issue.6 , pp. 893-901
    • Bjartmar, C.1    Kidd, G.J.2    Mörk, S.3    Rudick, R.4    Trapp, B.D.5
  • 12
    • 0015842080 scopus 로고
    • Demyelination of the superior cerebellar peduncle in the mouse induced by cuprizone
    • Blakemore WF (1973) Demyelination of the superior cerebellar peduncle in the mouse induced by cuprizone. J Neurol Sci 20(1):63–72
    • (1973) J Neurol Sci , vol.20 , Issue.1 , pp. 63-72
    • Blakemore, W.F.1
  • 13
    • 0018124172 scopus 로고
    • Suppression of remyelination in the CNS by X-irradiation
    • Blakemore WF, Patterson RC (1978) Suppression of remyelination in the CNS by X-irradiation. Acta Neuropathol 42(2):105–113
    • (1978) Acta Neuropathol , vol.42 , Issue.2 , pp. 105-113
    • Blakemore, W.F.1    Patterson, R.C.2
  • 14
    • 0028231281 scopus 로고
    • Detection of MHC class II-antigens on macrophages and microglia, but not on astrocytes and endothelia in active multiple sclerosis lesions
    • Bö L, Mörk S, Kong PA, Nyland H, Pardo CA, Trapp BD (1994) Detection of MHC class II-antigens on macrophages and microglia, but not on astrocytes and endothelia in active multiple sclerosis lesions. J Neuroimmunol 51(2):135–146
    • (1994) J Neuroimmunol , vol.51 , Issue.2 , pp. 135-146
    • Bö, L.1    Mörk, S.2    Kong, P.A.3    Nyland, H.4    Pardo, C.A.5    Trapp, B.D.6
  • 15
    • 0026582993 scopus 로고
    • TNF-alpha suppresses CR3-mediated myelin removal by macrophages
    • Bruck W, Bruck Y, Friede RL (1992) TNF-alpha suppresses CR3-mediated myelin removal by macrophages. J Neuroimmunol 38(1–2):9–17
    • (1992) J Neuroimmunol , vol.38 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 9-17
    • Bruck, W.1    Bruck, Y.2    Friede, R.L.3
  • 17
    • 23044447142 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Migration of perilesional microglia after focal brain injury and modulation by CC chemokine receptor 5: An in situ time-lapse confocal imaging study
    • Carbonell WS, Murase S, Horwitz AF, Mandell JW (2005) Migration of perilesional microglia after focal brain injury and modulation by CC chemokine receptor 5: an in situ time-lapse confocal imaging study. J Neurosci 25(30):7040–7047
    • (2005) J Neurosci , vol.25 , Issue.30 , pp. 7040-7047
    • Carbonell, W.S.1    Murase, S.2    Horwitz, A.F.3    Mandell, J.W.4
  • 19
    • 0035137409 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phagocytosis of apoptotic inflammatory cells by microglia and modulation by different cytokines: Mechanism for removal of apoptotic cells in the inflamed nervous system
    • Chan A, Magnus T, Gold R (2001) Phagocytosis of apoptotic inflammatory cells by microglia and modulation by different cytokines: mechanism for removal of apoptotic cells in the inflamed nervous system. Glia 33(1):87–95
    • (2001) Glia , vol.33 , Issue.1 , pp. 87-95
    • Chan, A.1    Magnus, T.2    Gold, R.3
  • 20
    • 0041864080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phagocytosis of apoptotic inflammatory cells by microglia and its therapeutic implications: Termination of CNS autoimmune inflammation and modulation by interferon-beta
    • Chan A, Seguin R, Magnus T, Papadimitriou C, Toyka KV, Antel JP, Gold R (2003) Phagocytosis of apoptotic inflammatory cells by microglia and its therapeutic implications: termination of CNS autoimmune inflammation and modulation by interferon-beta. Glia 43(3):231–242
    • (2003) Glia , vol.43 , Issue.3 , pp. 231-242
    • Chan, A.1    Seguin, R.2    Magnus, T.3    Papadimitriou, C.4    Toyka, K.V.5    Antel, J.P.6    Gold, R.7
  • 21
    • 0031690332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The origin and differentiation of microglial cells during development
    • Cuadros MA, Navascués J (1998) The origin and differentiation of microglial cells during development. Prog Neurobiol 56(2):173–189
    • (1998) Prog Neurobiol , vol.56 , Issue.2 , pp. 173-189
    • Cuadros, M.A.1    Navascués, J.2
  • 22
    • 34548444083 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The microglial networks of the brain and their role in neuronal network plasticity after lesion
    • Cullheim S, Thams S (2007) The microglial networks of the brain and their role in neuronal network plasticity after lesion. Brain Res Rev 55(1):89–96
    • (2007) Brain Res Rev , vol.55 , Issue.1 , pp. 89-96
    • Cullheim, S.1    Thams, S.2
  • 24
    • 0030636128 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunocytochemical characterization of the expression of inducible and constitutive isoforms of nitric oxide synthase in demyelinating multiple sclerosis lesions
    • De Groot CJ, Ruuls SR, Theeuwes JW, Dijkstra CD, Van Der Valk P (1997) Immunocytochemical characterization of the expression of inducible and constitutive isoforms of nitric oxide synthase in demyelinating multiple sclerosis lesions. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 56(1):10–20
    • (1997) J Neuropathol Exp Neurol , vol.56 , Issue.1 , pp. 10-20
    • de Groot, C.J.1    Ruuls, S.R.2    Theeuwes, J.W.3    Dijkstra, C.D.4    van Der Valk, P.5
  • 25
    • 35448935974 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NGF promotes microglial migration through the activation of its high affinity receptor: Modulation by TGF-beta
    • De Simone R, Ambrosini E, Carnevale D, Ajmone-Cat MA, Minghetti L (2007) NGF promotes microglial migration through the activation of its high affinity receptor: modulation by TGF-beta. J Neuroimmunol 190(1–2):53–60
    • (2007) J Neuroimmunol , vol.190 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 53-60
    • de Simone, R.1    Ambrosini, E.2    Carnevale, D.3    Ajmone-Cat, M.A.4    Minghetti, L.5
  • 26
    • 17144403821 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retinoic acid inhibits expression of TNF-alpha and iNOS in activated rat microglia
    • Dheen ST, Jun Y, Yan Z, Tay SS, Ling EA (2005) Retinoic acid inhibits expression of TNF-alpha and iNOS in activated rat microglia. Glia 50(1):21–31
    • (2005) Glia , vol.50 , Issue.1 , pp. 21-31
    • Dheen, S.T.1    Jun, Y.2    Yan, Z.3    Tay, S.S.4    Ling, E.A.5
  • 27
    • 34248392684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microglial activation and its implications in the brain diseases
    • Dheen ST, Kaur C, Ling EA (2007) Microglial activation and its implications in the brain diseases. Curr Med Chem 14(11):1189–1197
    • (2007) Curr Med Chem , vol.14 , Issue.11 , pp. 1189-1197
    • Dheen, S.T.1    Kaur, C.2    Ling, E.A.3
  • 28
    • 1242317642 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ligands for the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma and the retinoid X receptor exert additive anti-inflammatory effects on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
    • Diab A, Hussain RZ, Lovett-Racke AE, Chavis JA, Drew PD, Racke MK (2004) Ligands for the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma and the retinoid X receptor exert additive anti-inflammatory effects on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Neuroimmunol 148(1–2):116–126
    • (2004) J Neuroimmunol , vol.148 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 116-126
    • Diab, A.1    Hussain, R.Z.2    Lovett-Racke, A.E.3    Chavis, J.A.4    Drew, P.D.5    Racke, M.K.6
  • 29
    • 1242291914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Remyelination of cytokine-or antibodydemyelinated CNS aggregate cultures is inhibited by macrophage supplementation
    • Diemel LT, Wolswijk G, Jackson SJ, Cuzner ML (2004) Remyelination of cytokine-or antibodydemyelinated CNS aggregate cultures is inhibited by macrophage supplementation. Glia 45(3):278–286
    • (2004) Glia , vol.45 , Issue.3 , pp. 278-286
    • Diemel, L.T.1    Wolswijk, G.2    Jackson, S.J.3    Cuzner, M.L.4
  • 30
    • 21944442728 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammation and primary demyelination induced by the intraspinal injection of lipopolysaccharide
    • Felts PA, Woolston AM, Fernando HB, Asquith S, Gregson NA, Mizzi OJ, Smith KJ (2005) Inflammation and primary demyelination induced by the intraspinal injection of lipopolysaccharide. Brain 128(Pt 7):1649–1666
    • (2005) Brain , vol.128 , pp. 1649-1666
    • Felts, P.A.1    Woolston, A.M.2    Fernando, H.B.3    Asquith, S.4    Gregson, N.A.5    Mizzi, O.J.6    Smith, K.J.7
  • 31
    • 0031002545 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Axonal damage in acute multiple sclerosis lesions
    • Ferguson B, Matyszak MK, Esiri MM, Perry VH (1997) Axonal damage in acute multiple sclerosis lesions. Brain 120(Pt 3):393–399
    • (1997) Brain , vol.120 , pp. 393-399
    • Ferguson, B.1    Matyszak, M.K.2    Esiri, M.M.3    Perry, V.H.4
  • 32
    • 0042413738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GRO-alpha and CXCR2 in the human fetal brain and multiple sclerosis lesions
    • Filipovic R, Jakovcevski I, Zecevic N (2003) GRO-alpha and CXCR2 in the human fetal brain and multiple sclerosis lesions. Dev Neurosci 25(2–4):279–290
    • (2003) Dev Neurosci , vol.25 , Issue.2-4 , pp. 279-290
    • Filipovic, R.1    Jakovcevski, I.2    Zecevic, N.3
  • 33
    • 56549093441 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toll-like receptors in autoimmunity
    • Fischer M, Ehlers M (2008) Toll-like receptors in autoimmunity. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1143:21–34
    • (2008) Ann N Y Acad Sci , vol.1143 , pp. 21-34
    • Fischer, M.1    Ehlers, M.2
  • 34
    • 15044357461 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammation stimulates remyelination in areas of chronic demyelination
    • Foote AK, Blakemore WF (2005) Inflammation stimulates remyelination in areas of chronic demyelination. Brain 128(Pt 3):528–539
    • (2005) Brain , vol.128 , pp. 528-539
    • Foote, A.K.1    Blakemore, W.F.2
  • 35
    • 23444436221 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microglia Kv1.3 channels contribute to their ability to kill neurons
    • Fordyce CB, Jagasia R, Zhu X, Schlichter LC (2005) Microglia Kv1.3 channels contribute to their ability to kill neurons. J Neurosci 25(31):7139–7149
    • (2005) J Neurosci , vol.25 , Issue.31 , pp. 7139-7149
    • Fordyce, C.B.1    Jagasia, R.2    Zhu, X.3    Schlichter, L.C.4
  • 36
    • 0036849437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vascular endothelial growth factor induces chemotaxis and proliferation of microglial cells
    • Forstreuter F, Lucius R, Mentlein R (2002) Vascular endothelial growth factor induces chemotaxis and proliferation of microglial cells. J Neuroimmunol 132(1–2):93–98
    • (2002) J Neuroimmunol , vol.132 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 93-98
    • Forstreuter, F.1    Lucius, R.2    Mentlein, R.3
  • 37
    • 33646395680 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microglia induce neural cell death via a proximity-dependent mechanism involving nitric oxide
    • Gibbons HM, Dragunow M (2006) Microglia induce neural cell death via a proximity-dependent mechanism involving nitric oxide. Brain Res 1084(1):1–15
    • (2006) Brain Res , vol.1084 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-15
    • Gibbons, H.M.1    Dragunow, M.2
  • 38
    • 0021912473 scopus 로고
    • Interleukin-1 stimulation of astroglial proliferation after brain injury
    • Giulian D, Lachman LB (1985) Interleukin-1 stimulation of astroglial proliferation after brain injury. Science 228(4698):497–499
    • (1985) Science , vol.228 , Issue.4698 , pp. 497-499
    • Giulian, D.1    Lachman, L.B.2
  • 39
    • 33646251131 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Innate immunity triggers oligodendrocyte progenitor reactivity and confines damages to brain injuries
    • Glezer I, Lapointe A, Rivest S (2006) Innate immunity triggers oligodendrocyte progenitor reactivity and confines damages to brain injuries. FASEB J 20(6):750–752
    • (2006) FASEB J , vol.20 , Issue.6 , pp. 750-752
    • Glezer, I.1    Lapointe, A.2    Rivest, S.3
  • 41
    • 0033045774 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin-like growth factors and binding proteins in multiple sclerosis plaques
    • Gveric D, Cuzner ML, Newcombe J (1999) Insulin-like growth factors and binding proteins in multiple sclerosis plaques. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 25(3):215–225
    • (1999) Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol , vol.25 , Issue.3 , pp. 215-225
    • Gveric, D.1    Cuzner, M.L.2    Newcombe, J.3
  • 42
    • 54849427453 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leukemia inhibitory factor modulates production of inflammatory mediators and myelin phagocytosis by macrophages
    • Hendriks JJ, Slaets H, Carmans S, de Vries HE, Dijkstra CD, Stinissen P, Hellings N (2008) Leukemia inhibitory factor modulates production of inflammatory mediators and myelin phagocytosis by macrophages. J Neuroimmunol 204(1–2):52–57
    • (2008) J Neuroimmunol , vol.204 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 52-57
    • Hendriks, J.J.1    Slaets, H.2    Carmans, S.3    de Vries, H.E.4    Dijkstra, C.D.5    Stinissen, P.6    Hellings, N.7
  • 44
    • 0032830744 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distinctive patterns of PDGF-A, FGF-2, IGF-I, and TGF-beta1 gene expression during remyelination of experimentally-induced spinal cord demyelination
    • Hinks GL, Franklin RJ (1999) Distinctive patterns of PDGF-A, FGF-2, IGF-I, and TGF-beta1 gene expression during remyelination of experimentally-induced spinal cord demyelination. Mol Cell Neurosci 14(2):153–168
    • (1999) Mol Cell Neurosci , vol.14 , Issue.2 , pp. 153-168
    • Hinks, G.L.1    Franklin, R.J.2
  • 45
    • 0034530520 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Delayed changes in growth factor gene expression during slow remyelination in the CNS of aged rats
    • Hinks GL, Franklin RJ (2000) Delayed changes in growth factor gene expression during slow remyelination in the CNS of aged rats. Mol Cell Neurosci 16(5):542–556
    • (2000) Mol Cell Neurosci , vol.16 , Issue.5 , pp. 542-556
    • Hinks, G.L.1    Franklin, R.J.2
  • 48
    • 43649106215 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bradykinin: A microglia attractant in vivo?
    • Huisman C, Kok P, Schmaal L, Verhoog P (2008) Bradykinin: a microglia attractant in vivo? J Neurosci 28(14):3531–3532
    • (2008) J Neurosci , vol.28 , Issue.14 , pp. 3531-3532
    • Huisman, C.1    Kok, P.2    Schmaal, L.3    Verhoog, P.4
  • 49
    • 33846998653 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Osteopontin-induced relapse and progression of autoimmune brain disease through enhanced survival of activated T cells
    • Hur EM, Youssef S, Haws ME, Zhang SY, Sobel RA, Steinman L (2007) Osteopontin-induced relapse and progression of autoimmune brain disease through enhanced survival of activated T cells. Nat Immunol 8(1):74–83
    • (2007) Nat Immunol , vol.8 , Issue.1 , pp. 74-83
    • Hur, E.M.1    Youssef, S.2    Haws, M.E.3    Zhang, S.Y.4    Sobel, R.A.5    Steinman, L.6
  • 50
    • 33646817416 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age increases axon loss associated with primary demyelination in cuprizone-induced demyelination in C57BL/6 mice
    • Irvine KA, Blakemore WF (2006) Age increases axon loss associated with primary demyelination in cuprizone-induced demyelination in C57BL/6 mice. J Neuroimmunol 175(1–2):69–76
    • (2006) J Neuroimmunol , vol.175 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 69-76
    • Irvine, K.A.1    Blakemore, W.F.2
  • 51
    • 44949177395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Remyelination protects axons from demyelination-associated axon degeneration
    • Irvine KA, Blakemore WF (2008) Remyelination protects axons from demyelination-associated axon degeneration. Brain 131(Pt 6):1464–1477
    • (2008) Brain , vol.131 , pp. 1464-1477
    • Irvine, K.A.1    Blakemore, W.F.2
  • 52
    • 0035871635 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resident and in filtrating central nervous system APCs regulate the emergence and resolution of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
    • Juedes AE, Ruddle NH (2001) Resident and in filtrating central nervous system APCs regulate the emergence and resolution of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Immunol 166(8): 5168–5175
    • (2001) J Immunol , vol.166 , Issue.8 , pp. 5168-5175
    • Juedes, A.E.1    Ruddle, N.H.2
  • 53
    • 22444436580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leukemia inhibitory factor promotes oligodendrocyte survival after spinal cord injury
    • Kerr BJ, Patterson PH (2005) Leukemia inhibitory factor promotes oligodendrocyte survival after spinal cord injury. Glia 51(1):73–79
    • (2005) Glia , vol.51 , Issue.1 , pp. 73-79
    • Kerr, B.J.1    Patterson, P.H.2
  • 54
    • 0031836723 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sequential expression of transforming growth factor-beta1 by T-cells, macrophages, and microglia in rat spinal cord during autoimmune inflammation
    • Kiefer R, Schweitzer T, Jung S, Toyka KV, Hartung HP (1998) Sequential expression of transforming growth factor-beta1 by T-cells, macrophages, and microglia in rat spinal cord during autoimmune inflammation. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 57(5):385–395
    • (1998) J Neuropathol Exp Neurol , vol.57 , Issue.5 , pp. 385-395
    • Kiefer, R.1    Schweitzer, T.2    Jung, S.3    Toyka, K.V.4    Hartung, H.P.5
  • 55
    • 25444495866 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microglia in health and disease
    • Kim SU, de Vellis J (2005) Microglia in health and disease. J Neurosci Res 81(3):302–313
    • (2005) J Neurosci Res , vol.81 , Issue.3 , pp. 302-313
    • Kim, S.U.1    de Vellis, J.2
  • 56
    • 0034846364 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Macrophage depletion impairs oligodendrocyte remyelination following lysolecithin-induced demyelination
    • Kotter MR, Setzu A, Sim FJ, van Rooijen N, Franklin RJ (2001) Macrophage depletion impairs oligodendrocyte remyelination following lysolecithin-induced demyelination. Glia 35(3):204–212
    • (2001) Glia , vol.35 , Issue.3 , pp. 204-212
    • Kotter, M.R.1    Setzu, A.2    Sim, F.J.3    van Rooijen, N.4    Franklin, R.J.5
  • 57
    • 11844253894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Macrophage-depletion induced impairment of experimental CNS remyelination is associated with a reduced oligodendrocyte progenitor cell response and altered growth factor expression
    • Kotter MR, Zhao C, van Rooijen N, Franklin RJ (2005) Macrophage-depletion induced impairment of experimental CNS remyelination is associated with a reduced oligodendrocyte progenitor cell response and altered growth factor expression. Neurobiol Dis 18(1):166–175
    • (2005) Neurobiol Dis , vol.18 , Issue.1 , pp. 166-175
    • Kotter, M.R.1    Zhao, C.2    van Rooijen, N.3    Franklin, R.J.4
  • 58
    • 30644476095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Myelin impairs CNS remyelination by inhibiting oligodendrocyte precursor cell differentiation
    • Kotter MR, Li WW, Zhao C, Franklin RJ (2006) Myelin impairs CNS remyelination by inhibiting oligodendrocyte precursor cell differentiation. J Neurosci 26(1):328–332
    • (2006) J Neurosci , vol.26 , Issue.1 , pp. 328-332
    • Kotter, M.R.1    Li, W.W.2    Zhao, C.3    Franklin, R.J.4
  • 59
    • 0346749451 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Matrix metalloproteinase-9 facilitates remyelination in part by processing the inhibitory NG2 proteoglycan
    • Larsen PH, Wells JE, Stallcup WB, Opdenakker G, Yong VW (2003) Matrix metalloproteinase-9 facilitates remyelination in part by processing the inhibitory NG2 proteoglycan. J Neurosci 23(35):11127–11135
    • (2003) J Neurosci , vol.23 , Issue.35 , pp. 11127-11135
    • Larsen, P.H.1    Wells, J.E.2    Stallcup, W.B.3    Opdenakker, G.4    Yong, V.W.5
  • 61
    • 0029611121 scopus 로고
    • Interleukin-1, nitric oxide and reactive astrocytes
    • Lee SC, Dickson DW, Brosnan CF (1995) Interleukin-1, nitric oxide and reactive astrocytes. Brain Behav Immun 9(4):345–354
    • (1995) Brain Behav Immun , vol.9 , Issue.4 , pp. 345-354
    • Lee, S.C.1    Dickson, D.W.2    Brosnan, C.F.3
  • 64
    • 0034965383 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and nitrotyrosine in multiple sclerosis lesions
    • Liu JS, Zhao ML, Brosnan CF, Lee SC (2001) Expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and nitrotyrosine in multiple sclerosis lesions. Am J Pathol 158(6):2057–2066
    • (2001) Am J Pathol , vol.158 , Issue.6 , pp. 2057-2066
    • Liu, J.S.1    Zhao, M.L.2    Brosnan, C.F.3    Lee, S.C.4
  • 65
    • 0030056764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distinct patterns of multiple sclerosis pathology indicates heterogeneity on pathogenesis
    • Lucchinetti CF, Brück W, Rodriguez M, Lassmann H (1996) Distinct patterns of multiple sclerosis pathology indicates heterogeneity on pathogenesis. Brain Pathol 6(3):259–274
    • (1996) Brain Pathol , vol.6 , Issue.3 , pp. 259-274
    • Lucchinetti, C.F.1    Brück, W.2    Rodriguez, M.3    Lassmann, H.4
  • 66
    • 0342906187 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heterogeneity of multiple sclerosis lesions: Implications for the pathogenesis of demyelination
    • Lucchinetti C, Brück W, Parisi J, Scheithauer B, Rodriguez M, Lassmann H (2000) Heterogeneity of multiple sclerosis lesions: implications for the pathogenesis of demyelination. Ann Neurol 47(6):707–717
    • (2000) Ann Neurol , vol.47 , Issue.6 , pp. 707-717
    • Lucchinetti, C.1    Brück, W.2    Parisi, J.3    Scheithauer, B.4    Rodriguez, M.5    Lassmann, H.6
  • 67
    • 0031974533 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tangential migration of ameboid microglia in the developing quail retina: Mechanism of migration and migratory behavior
    • Marín-Teva JL, Almendros A, Calvente R, Cuadros MA, Navascués J (1998) Tangential migration of ameboid microglia in the developing quail retina: mechanism of migration and migratory behavior. Glia 22(1):31–52
    • (1998) Glia , vol.22 , Issue.1 , pp. 31-52
    • Marín-Teva, J.L.1    Almendros, A.2    Calvente, R.3    Cuadros, M.A.4    Navascués, J.5
  • 68
    • 0037442515 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Involvement of the neurotensin receptor-3 in the neurotensin-induced migration of human microglia
    • Martin S, Vincent JP, Mazella J (2003) Involvement of the neurotensin receptor-3 in the neurotensin-induced migration of human microglia. J Neurosci 23(4):1198–1205
    • (2003) J Neurosci , vol.23 , Issue.4 , pp. 1198-1205
    • Martin, S.1    Vincent, J.P.2    Mazella, J.3
  • 70
    • 0025813019 scopus 로고
    • Effects of interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha on astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes, and glial precursors in vitro
    • Merrill JE (1991) Effects of interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha on astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes, and glial precursors in vitro. Dev Neurosci 13(3):130–137
    • (1991) Dev Neurosci , vol.13 , Issue.3 , pp. 130-137
    • Merrill, J.E.1
  • 71
    • 0027161216 scopus 로고
    • Microglial cell cytotoxicity of oligodendrocytes is mediated through nitric oxide
    • Merrill JE, Ignarro LJ, Sherman MP, Melinek J, Lane TE (1993) Microglial cell cytotoxicity of oligodendrocytes is mediated through nitric oxide. J Immunol 151(4):2132–2141
    • (1993) J Immunol , vol.151 , Issue.4 , pp. 2132-2141
    • Merrill, J.E.1    Ignarro, L.J.2    Sherman, M.P.3    Melinek, J.4    Lane, T.E.5
  • 74
    • 0035839643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Overexpression of macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor on microglial cells induces an inflammatory response
    • Mitrasinovic OM, Perez GV, Zhao F, Lee YL, Poon C, Murphy GM Jr (2001) Overexpression of macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor on microglial cells induces an inflammatory response. J Biol Chem 276(32):30142–30149
    • (2001) J Biol Chem , vol.276 , Issue.32 , pp. 30142-30149
    • Mitrasinovic, O.M.1    Perez, G.V.2    Zhao, F.3    Lee, Y.L.4    Poon, C.5    Murphy, G.M.6
  • 77
    • 0029941665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Receptor-mediated phagocytosis of myelin by macrophages and microglia: Effect of opsonization and receptor blocking agents
    • Mosley K, Cuzner ML (1996) Receptor-mediated phagocytosis of myelin by macrophages and microglia: effect of opsonization and receptor blocking agents. Neurochem Res 21(4): 481–487
    • (1996) Neurochem Res , vol.21 , Issue.4 , pp. 481-487
    • Mosley, K.1    Cuzner, M.L.2
  • 78
    • 35848957483 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multifaceted aspects of inflammation in multiple sclerosis: The role of microglia
    • Muzio L, Martino G, Furlan R (2007) Multifaceted aspects of inflammation in multiple sclerosis: the role of microglia. J Neuroimmunol 191(1–2):39–44
    • (2007) J Neuroimmunol , vol.191 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 39-44
    • Muzio, L.1    Martino, G.2    Furlan, R.3
  • 79
    • 27844524059 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Involvement of beta1 integrin in microglial chemotaxis and proliferation on fibronectin: Different regulations by ADP through PKA
    • Nasu-Tada K, Koizumi S, Inoue K (2005) Involvement of beta1 integrin in microglial chemotaxis and proliferation on fibronectin: different regulations by ADP through PKA. Glia 52(2):98–107
    • (2005) Glia , vol.52 , Issue.2 , pp. 98-107
    • Nasu-Tada, K.1    Koizumi, S.2    Inoue, K.3
  • 80
    • 60149098421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Debris clearance by microglia: An essential link between degeneration and regeneration
    • Neumann H, Kotter MR, Franklin RJ (2009) Debris clearance by microglia: an essential link between degeneration and regeneration. Brain 132(Pt 2):288–295
    • (2009) Brain , vol.132 , pp. 288-295
    • Neumann, H.1    Kotter, M.R.2    Franklin, R.J.3
  • 81
    • 19744380563 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resting microglial cells are highly dynamic surveillants of brain parenchyma in vivo
    • Nimmerjahn A, Kirchhoff F, Helmchen F (2005) Resting microglial cells are highly dynamic surveillants of brain parenchyma in vivo. Science 308(5726):1314–1318
    • (2005) Science , vol.308 , Issue.5726 , pp. 1314-1318
    • Nimmerjahn, A.1    Kirchhoff, F.2    Helmchen, F.3
  • 82
    • 0030910091 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Normal and reactive NG2+ glial cells are distinct from resting and activated microglia
    • Nishiyama A, Yu M, Drazba JA, Tuohy VK (1997) Normal and reactive NG2+ glial cells are distinct from resting and activated microglia. J Neurosci Res 48(4):299–312
    • (1997) J Neurosci Res , vol.48 , Issue.4 , pp. 299-312
    • Nishiyama, A.1    Yu, M.2    Drazba, J.A.3    Tuohy, V.K.4
  • 83
    • 0031859370 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inducible nitric oxide synthase and nitrotyrosine are found in monocytes/macrophages and/or astrocytes in acute, but not in chronic, multiple sclerosis
    • Oleszak EL, Zaczynska E, Bhattacharjee M, Butunoi C, Legido A, Katsetos CD (1998) Inducible nitric oxide synthase and nitrotyrosine are found in monocytes/macrophages and/or astrocytes in acute, but not in chronic, multiple sclerosis. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 5(4):438–445
    • (1998) Clin Diagn Lab Immunol , vol.5 , Issue.4 , pp. 438-445
    • Oleszak, E.L.1    Zaczynska, E.2    Bhattacharjee, M.3    Butunoi, C.4    Legido, A.5    Katsetos, C.D.6
  • 84
    • 0030948467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of nitric oxide in multiple sclerosis
    • Parkinson JF, Mitrovic B, Merrill JE (1997) The role of nitric oxide in multiple sclerosis. J Mol Med 75(3):174–186
    • (1997) J Mol Med , vol.75 , Issue.3 , pp. 174-186
    • Parkinson, J.F.1    Mitrovic, B.2    Merrill, J.E.3
  • 85
    • 34247862406 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Remyelination can be extensive in multiple sclerosis despite a long disease course
    • Patani R, Balaratnam M, Vora A, Reynolds R (2007) Remyelination can be extensive in multiple sclerosis despite a long disease course. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 33(3):277–287
    • (2007) Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol , vol.33 , Issue.3 , pp. 277-287
    • Patani, R.1    Balaratnam, M.2    Vora, A.3    Reynolds, R.4
  • 86
    • 0033013092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation-induced apoptosis of autoreactive and alloreactive T lymphocytes in the target organ as a major mechanism of tolerance
    • Pender MP (1999) Activation-induced apoptosis of autoreactive and alloreactive T lymphocytes in the target organ as a major mechanism of tolerance. Immunol Cell Biol 77(3):216–223
    • (1999) Immunol Cell Biol , vol.77 , Issue.3 , pp. 216-223
    • Pender, M.P.1
  • 87
    • 0025817888 scopus 로고
    • Apoptosis in the nervous system in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis
    • Pender MP, Nguyen KB, McCombe PA, Kerr JF (1991) Apoptosis in the nervous system in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. J Neurol Sci 104(1):81–87
    • (1991) J Neurol Sci , vol.104 , Issue.1 , pp. 81-87
    • Pender, M.P.1    Nguyen, K.B.2    McCombe, P.A.3    Kerr, J.F.4
  • 88
  • 90
    • 0019469331 scopus 로고
    • Multiple sclerosis: Capping of surface immunoglobulin G on macrophages engaged in myelin breakdown
    • Prineas JW, Graham JS (1981) Multiple sclerosis: capping of surface immunoglobulin G on macrophages engaged in myelin breakdown. Ann Neurol 10(2):149–158
    • (1981) Ann Neurol , vol.10 , Issue.2 , pp. 149-158
    • Prineas, J.W.1    Graham, J.S.2
  • 94
    • 0027173943 scopus 로고
    • Multiple sclerosis: Remyelination in acute lesions
    • Raine CS, Wu E (1993) Multiple sclerosis: remyelination in acute lesions. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 52(3):199–204
    • (1993) J Neuropathol Exp Neurol , vol.52 , Issue.3 , pp. 199-204
    • Raine, C.S.1    Wu, E.2
  • 96
    • 0037327741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complement-receptor-3 and scavenger-receptor-AI/II mediated myelin phagocytosis in microglia and macrophages
    • Reichert F, Rotshenker S (2003) Complement-receptor-3 and scavenger-receptor-AI/II mediated myelin phagocytosis in microglia and macrophages. Neurobiol Dis 12(1):65–72
    • (2003) Neurobiol Dis , vol.12 , Issue.1 , pp. 65-72
    • Reichert, F.1    Rotshenker, S.2
  • 97
    • 58149343875 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Galectin-3/MAC-2, Ras and PI3K activate complement receptor-3 and scavenger receptor-AI/II mediated myelin phagocytosis in microglia
    • Rotshenker S, Reichert F, Gitik M, Haklai R, Elad-Sfadia G, Kloog Y (2008) Galectin-3/MAC-2, Ras and PI3K activate complement receptor-3 and scavenger receptor-AI/II mediated myelin phagocytosis in microglia. Glia 56(15):1607–1613
    • (2008) Glia , vol.56 , Issue.15 , pp. 1607-1613
    • Rotshenker, S.1    Reichert, F.2    Gitik, M.3    Haklai, R.4    Elad-Sfadia, G.5    Kloog, Y.6
  • 98
    • 60949099835 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Calreticulin from the intestinal nematode Heligmosomoides polygyrus is a Th2-skewing protein and interacts with murine scavenger receptor-A
    • Rzepecka J, Rausch S, Klotz C, Schnoller C, Kornprobst T, Hagen J, Ignatius R, Lucius R, Hartmann S (2009) Calreticulin from the intestinal nematode Heligmosomoides polygyrus is a Th2-skewing protein and interacts with murine scavenger receptor-A. Mol Immunol 46(6):1109–1119
    • (2009) Mol Immunol , vol.46 , Issue.6 , pp. 1109-1119
    • Rzepecka, J.1    Rausch, S.2    Klotz, C.3    Schnoller, C.4    Kornprobst, T.5    Hagen, J.6    Ignatius, R.7    Lucius, R.8    Hartmann, S.9
  • 99
    • 0031797815 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oligodendrocyte progenitors are present in the normal adult human CNS and in the lesions of multiple sclerosis
    • Scolding N, Franklin R, Stevens S, Heldin CH, Compston A, Newcombe J (1998) Oligodendrocyte progenitors are present in the normal adult human CNS and in the lesions of multiple sclerosis. Brain 121(Pt 12):2221–2228
    • (1998) Brain , vol.121 , pp. 2221-2228
    • Scolding, N.1    Franklin, R.2    Stevens, S.3    Heldin, C.H.4    Compston, A.5    Newcombe, J.6
  • 105
    • 0034049141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leukaemia inhibitory factor is required for normal inflammatory responses to injury in the peripheral and central nervous systems in vivo and is chemotactic for macrophages in vitro
    • Sugiura S, Lahav R, Han J, Kou SY, Banner LR, de Pablo F, Patterson PH (2000) Leukaemia inhibitory factor is required for normal inflammatory responses to injury in the peripheral and central nervous systems in vivo and is chemotactic for macrophages in vitro. Eur J Neurosci 12(2):457–466
    • (2000) Eur J Neurosci , vol.12 , Issue.2 , pp. 457-466
    • Sugiura, S.1    Lahav, R.2    Han, J.3    Kou, S.Y.4    Banner, L.R.5    de Pablo, F.6    Patterson, P.H.7
  • 106
    • 14244268775 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clearance of apoptotic neurons without inflammation by microglial triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-2
    • Takahashi K, Rochford CD, Neumann H (2005) Clearance of apoptotic neurons without inflammation by microglial triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-2. J Exp Med 201(4):647–657
    • (2005) J Exp Med , vol.201 , Issue.4 , pp. 647-657
    • Takahashi, K.1    Rochford, C.D.2    Neumann, H.3
  • 107
    • 34247500821 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TREM2-transduced myeloid precursors mediate nervous tissue debris clearance and facilitate recovery in an animal model of multiple sclerosis
    • Takahashi K, Prinz M, Stagi M, Chechneva O, Neumann H (2007) TREM2-transduced myeloid precursors mediate nervous tissue debris clearance and facilitate recovery in an animal model of multiple sclerosis. PLoS Med 4(4):e124
    • (2007) Plos Med , vol.4 , Issue.4 , pp. e124
    • Takahashi, K.1    Prinz, M.2    Stagi, M.3    Chechneva, O.4    Neumann, H.5
  • 108
    • 48649103571 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The scavenger receptor SR-A I/II (CD204) signals via the receptor tyrosine kinase Mertk during apoptotic cell uptake by murine macrophages
    • Todt JC, Hu B, Curtis JL (2008) The scavenger receptor SR-A I/II (CD204) signals via the receptor tyrosine kinase Mertk during apoptotic cell uptake by murine macrophages. J Leukoc Biol 84(2):510–518
    • (2008) J Leukoc Biol , vol.84 , Issue.2 , pp. 510-518
    • Todt, J.C.1    Hu, B.2    Curtis, J.L.3
  • 109
    • 2342611969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Remyelination, axonal sparing, and locomotor recovery following transplantation of glial-committed progenitor cells into the MHV model of multiple sclerosis
    • Totoiu MO, Nistor GI, Lane TE, Keirstead HS (2004) Remyelination, axonal sparing, and locomotor recovery following transplantation of glial-committed progenitor cells into the MHV model of multiple sclerosis. Exp Neurol 187(2):254–265
    • (2004) Exp Neurol , vol.187 , Issue.2 , pp. 254-265
    • Totoiu, M.O.1    Nistor, G.I.2    Lane, T.E.3    Keirstead, H.S.4
  • 111
    • 0033022516 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathogenesis of tissue injury in MS lesions
    • Trapp BD, Bo L, Mork S, Chang A (1999) Pathogenesis of tissue injury in MS lesions. J Neuroimmunol 98(1):49–56
    • (1999) J Neuroimmunol , vol.98 , Issue.1 , pp. 49-56
    • Trapp, B.D.1    Bo, L.2    Mork, S.3    Chang, A.4
  • 113
    • 0022453359 scopus 로고
    • Opsonization with antimyelin antibody increases the uptake and intracellular metabolism of myelin in inflammatory macrophages
    • Trotter J, DeJong LJ, Smith ME (1986) Opsonization with antimyelin antibody increases the uptake and intracellular metabolism of myelin in inflammatory macrophages. J Neurochem 47(3):779–789
    • (1986) J Neurochem , vol.47 , Issue.3 , pp. 779-789
    • Trotter, J.1    Dejong, L.J.2    Smith, M.E.3
  • 114
    • 0037047380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The chemokine receptor CXCR2 controls positioning of oligodendrocyte precursors in developing spinal cord by arresting their migration
    • Tsai HH, Frost E, To V, Robinson S, Ffrench-Constant C, Geertman R, Ransohoff RM, Miller RH (2002) The chemokine receptor CXCR2 controls positioning of oligodendrocyte precursors in developing spinal cord by arresting their migration. Cell 110(3):373–383
    • (2002) Cell , vol.110 , Issue.3 , pp. 373-383
    • Tsai, H.H.1    Frost, E.2    To, V.3    Robinson, S.4    Ffrench-Constant, C.5    Geertman, R.6    Ransohoff, R.M.7    Miller, R.H.8
  • 115
    • 34547652325 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why is Wallerian degeneration in the CNS so slow?
    • Vargas ME, Barres BA (2007) Why is Wallerian degeneration in the CNS so slow? Annu Rev Neurosci 30:153–179
    • (2007) Annu Rev Neurosci , vol.30 , pp. 153-179
    • Vargas, M.E.1    Barres, B.A.2
  • 116
    • 0036353262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interleukin-1 regulates proliferation and differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells
    • Vela JM, Molina-Holgado E, Arévalo-Martín A, Almazán G, Guaza C (2002) Interleukin-1 regulates proliferation and differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells. Mol Cell Neurosci 20(3):489–502
    • (2002) Mol Cell Neurosci , vol.20 , Issue.3 , pp. 489-502
    • Vela, J.M.1    Molina-Holgado, E.2    Arévalo-Martín, A.3    Almazán, G.4    Guaza, C.5
  • 117
    • 40349096095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A shift from adaptive to innate immunity: A potential mechanism of disease progression in multiple sclerosis
    • Weiner HL (2008) A shift from adaptive to innate immunity: a potential mechanism of disease progression in multiple sclerosis. J Neurol 255(Suppl 1):3–11
    • (2008) J Neurol , vol.255 , Issue.1 , pp. 3-11
    • Weiner, H.L.1
  • 118
    • 0036158610 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oligodendrocyte precursor cells in the demyelinated multiple sclerosis spinal cord
    • Wolswijk G (2002) Oligodendrocyte precursor cells in the demyelinated multiple sclerosis spinal cord. Brain 125(Pt 2):338–349
    • (2002) Brain , vol.125 , pp. 338-349
    • Wolswijk, G.1
  • 119
    • 29244469634 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 9-Cis-retinoic acid suppresses inflammatory responses of microglia and astrocytes
    • Xu J, Drew PD (2006) 9-Cis-retinoic acid suppresses inflammatory responses of microglia and astrocytes. J Neuroimmunol 171(1–2):135–144
    • (2006) J Neuroimmunol , vol.171 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 135-144
    • Xu, J.1    Drew, P.D.2
  • 120
    • 48249089735 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional recovery after spinal cord injury in mice through activation of microglia and dendritic cells after IL-12 administration
    • Yaguchi M, Ohta S, Toyama Y, Kawakami Y, Toda M (2008) Functional recovery after spinal cord injury in mice through activation of microglia and dendritic cells after IL-12 administration. J Neurosci Res 86(9):1972–1980
    • (2008) J Neurosci Res , vol.86 , Issue.9 , pp. 1972-1980
    • Yaguchi, M.1    Ohta, S.2    Toyama, Y.3    Kawakami, Y.4    Toda, M.5
  • 121
    • 47149105615 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Osteopontin is extensively expressed by macrophages following CNS demyelination but has a redundant role in remyelination
    • Zhao C, Fancy SP, Ffrench-Constant C, Franklin RJ (2008) Osteopontin is extensively expressed by macrophages following CNS demyelination but has a redundant role in remyelination. Neurobiol Dis 31(2):209–217
    • (2008) Neurobiol Dis , vol.31 , Issue.2 , pp. 209-217
    • Zhao, C.1    Fancy, S.P.2    Ffrench-Constant, C.3    Franklin, R.J.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.