Preanalytical variables affecting the integrity of human biospecimens in biobanking

Clinical Chemistry

Volumn 61, Issue 7, 2015, Pages 914-934

  Ellervik, Christina ^a,b,c   Vaught, Jim ^d,e  

^a NYKØBING FALSTER HOSPITAL   (Denmark)

^b UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN   (Denmark)

^c BOSTON CHILDREN S HOSPITAL   (United States)

^d International Society for Biological and Environmental Repositories   (Canada)

^e Biopreservation and Biobanking   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANALYTIC METHOD; BLOOD; BLOOD SAMPLING; CENTRIFUGATION; CHEEK CELL; CLINICAL CHEMISTRY; COST; HUMAN; LABORATORY; PROCESSING; REVIEW; SALIVA; STORAGE; STORAGE TEMPERATURE; URINALYSIS; URINE; ECONOMICS; HEALTH CARE FACILITY; LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS; MEDICAL RESEARCH; PROCEDURES; QUALITY CONTROL; STANDARDS;

BIOLOGICAL SPECIMEN BANKS; BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH; BLOOD; CHEMISTRY, CLINICAL; HUMANS; QUALITY CONTROL; SALIVA; SPECIMEN HANDLING; URINE;

EID: 84937501436     PISSN: 00099147     EISSN: 15308561     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2014.228783     Document Type: Review

References (132)

1. Carraro P, Zago T, Plebani M. Exploring the initial steps of the testing process: frequency and nature of prepreanalytic errors. Clin Chem 2012;58:638-42.
2. Lippi G, Guidi GC, Mattiuzzi C, Plebani M. Preanalytical variability: the dark side of the moon in laboratory testing. Clin Chem Lab Med 2006;44:358-65.
3. Szecsi PB, Odum L. Error tracking in a clinical biochemistry laboratory. Clin Chem Lab Med 2009;47:1253-7.
4. Bonini P, Plebani M, Ceriotti F, Rubboli F. Errors in laboratory medicine. Clin Chem 2002;48:691-8.
5. CLSI. Procedures for handling and processing of blood specimens for common laboratory tests: approved guideline - fourth edition. Wayne (PA): CLSI; 2010. CLSI document H18-A4.
6. Elliott P, Peakman TC; UK Biobank. The UK Biobank sample handling and storage protocol for the collection, processing and archiving of human blood and urine. Int J Epidemiol 2008;37:234-44.
7. Holland NT, Pfleger L, Berger E, Ho A, Bastaki M. Molecular epidemiology biomarkers-sample collection and processing considerations. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2005;206:261-8.
8. Henderson GE, Cadigan RJ, Edwards TP, Conlon I, Nelson AG, Evans JP, et al. Characterizing biobank organizations in the U.S.: results from a national survey. Genome Med 2013;5:3.
9. Holland NT, Smith MT, Eskenazi B, Bastaki M. Biological sample collection and processing for molecular epidemiological studies. Mutat Res 2003;543:217-34.
10. Hansen TV, Simonsen MK, Nielsen FC, Hundrup YA. Collection of blood, saliva, and buccal cell samples in a pilot study on the Danish nurse cohort: comparison of the response rate and quality of genomic DNA. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16:2072-6.
11. Bhatti P, Kampa D, Alexander BH, McClure C, Ringer D, Doody MM, Sigurdson AJ. Blood spots as an alternative to whole blood collection and the effect of a small monetary incentive to increase participation in genetic association studies. BMC Med Res Methodol 2009;9:76.
12. Brisson AR, Matsui D, Rieder MJ, Fraser DD. Translational research in pediatrics: tissue sampling and biobanking. Pediatrics 2012;129:153-62.
13. Statland BE, Winkel P. Response of clinical chemistry quantity values to selected physical, dietary, and smoking activities. Prog Clin Pathol 1981;8:25-44.
14. Tolonen H, Ferrario M, Kuulasmaa K. Standardization of total cholesterol measurement in population surveys-pre-analytic sources of variation and their effect on the prevalence of hypercholesterolaemia. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil 2005;12:257-67.
15. Sennels HP, Jorgensen HL, Goetze JP, Fahrenkrug J. Rhythmic 24-hour variations of frequently used clinical biochemical parameters in healthy young males - the Bispebjerg study of diurnal variations. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 2012;72:287-95.
16. Simundic AM, Church S, Cornes MP, Grankvist K, Lippi G, Nybo M, et al. Compliance of blood sampling procedures with the CLSI H3-A6 guidelines: an observational study by the European Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (EFLM) working group for the preanalytical phase (WG-PRE). Clin Chem Lab Med [Epub ahead of print 2014 Dec 23].
17. CLSI. Procedures for handling and processing of blood specimens for common laboratory tests: approved guideline, 4th ed. Wayne (PA): CLSI; 2010. CLSI document H18-A4.
18. Adil MM, Alam AY. Temperature regulation and standardization practices of clinical laboratories in Karachi. J Pak Med Assoc 2005;55:88-90.
19. Wagner M, Tonoli D, Varesio E, Hopfgartner G. The use of mass spectrometry to analyze dried blood spots. Mass Spectrom Rev [Epub ahead of print 2014 Sep 22].
20. Shabihkhani M, Lucey GM, Wei B, Mareninov S, Lou JJ, Vinters HV, et al. The procurement, storage, and quality assurance of frozen blood and tissue biospecimens in pathology, biorepository, and biobank settings. Clin Biochem 2014;47:258-66.
21. McNair P, Nielsen SL, Christiansen C, Axelsson C. Gross errors made by routine blood sampling from two sites using a tourniquet applied at different positions. Clin Chim Acta 1979;98:113-8.
22. Salvagno G, Lima-Oliveira G, Brocco G, Danese E, Guidi GC, Lippi G. The order of draw: myth or science? Clin Chem Lab Med 2013;51:2281-5.
23. Sulaiman RA, Cornes MP, Whitehead SJ, Othonos N, Ford C, Gama R. Effect of order of draw of blood samples during phlebotomy on routine biochemistry results. J Clin Pathol 2011;64:1019-20.
24. Bowen RA, Remaley AT. Interferences from blood collection tube components on clinical chemistry assays. Biochem Med (Zagreb) 2014;24:31-44.
25. Lippi G, Salvagno GL, Lima-Oliveira G, Brocco G, Danese E, Guidi GC. Postural change during venous blood collection is a major source of bias in clinical chemistry testing. Clin Chim Acta 2014;440:164-8.
26. Lippi G, Salvagno GL, Montagnana M, Brocco G, Cesare GG. Influence of the needle bore size used for collecting venous blood samples on routine clinical chemistry testing. Clin Chem Lab Med 2006;44:1009-14.
27. Lippi G, Salvagno GL, Montagnana M, Lima-Oliveira G, Guidi GC, Favaloro EJ. Quality standards for sample collection in coagulation testing. Semin Thromb Hemost 2012;38:565-75.
28. Lima-Oliveira G, Lippi G, Salvagno GL, Brocco G, Gaino S, Dima F et al. Processing of diagnostic blood specimens: is it really necessary to mix primary blood tubes after collection with evacuated tube system? Biopreserv Biobank 2014;12:53-9.
29. Lippi G, Plebani M, Favaloro EJ. Interference in coagulation testing: focus on spurious hemolysis, icterus, and lipemia. Semin Thromb Hemost 2013;39:258-66.
30. CLSI. Collection, transport, and processing of blood specimens for coagulation testing and general performance of coagulation assays: approved guideline. Wayne (PA): CLSI; 2008. CLSI document H21-A5.
31. Lippi G, Franchini M, Montagnana M, Salvagno GL, Poli G, Guidi GC. Quality and reliability of routine coagulation testing: can we trust that sample? Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2006;17:513-9.
32. Mei JV, Alexander JR, Adam BW, Hannon WH. Use of filter paper for the collection and analysis of human whole blood specimens. J Nutr 2001;131:1631S-6S.
33. Hollegaard MV, Thorsen P, Norgaard-Pedersen B, Hougaard DM. Genotyping whole-genome-amplified DNA from 3- to 25-year-old neonatal dried blood spot samples with reference to fresh genomic DNA. Electrophoresis 2009;30:2532-5.
34. CLSI. Blood collection on filter paper for newborn screening programs: approved standard, 6th ed. Wayne (PA): CLSI; 2013. CLSI document NBS01-A6.
35. Hebels DG, Georgiadis P, Keun HC, Athersuch TJ, Vineis P, Vermeulen R, et al. Performance in omics analyses of blood samples in long-term storage: opportunities for the exploitation of existing biobanks in environmental health research. Environ Health Perspect 2013;121:480-7.
36. Hebels DG, van Herwijnen MH, Brauers KJ, de Kok TM, Chalkiadaki G, Kyrtopoulos SA, Kleinjans JC. Elimination of heparin interference during microarray processing of fresh and biobank-archived blood samples. Environ Mol Mutagen 2014;55:482-91.
37. Haab BB, Geierstanger BH, Michailidis G, Vitzthum F, Forrester S, Okon R, et al. Immunoassay and antibody microarray analysis of the HUPO Plasma Proteome Project reference specimens: systematic variation between sample types and calibration of mass spectrometry data. Proteomics 2005;5:3278-91.
38. Yin P, Peter A, Franken H, Zhao X, Neukamm SS, Rosenbaum L, et al. Preanalytical aspects and sample quality assessment in metabolomics studies of human blood. Clin Chem 2013;59:833-45.
39. Mei H, Hsieh Y, Nardo C, Xu X, Wang S, Ng K, Korfmacher WA. Investigation of matrix effects in bioanalytical high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometric assays: application to drug discovery. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2003;17:97-103.
40. Bernini P, Bertini I, Luchinat C, Nincheri P, Staderini S, Turano P. Standard operating procedures for preanalytical handling of blood and urine for metabolomic studies and biobanks. J Biomol NMR 2011;49:231-43.
41. Di GF, Alessandroni J, Somma P, Guadagni F. Preanalytical operating procedures for serum Low Molecular Weight protein profiling. J Proteomics 2010;73:667-77.
42. Drake SK, Bowen RA, Remaley AT, Hortin GL. Potential interferences from blood collection tubes in mass spectrometric analyses of serum polypeptides. Clin Chem 2004;50:2398-401.
43. West-Nielsen M, Hogdall EV, Marchiori E, Hogdall CK, Schou C, Heegaard NH. Sample handling for mass spectrometric proteomic investigations of human sera. Anal Chem 2005;77:5114-23.
44. Ferguson RE, Hochstrasser DF, Banks RE. Impact of preanalytical variables on the analysis of biological fluids in proteomic studies. Proteomics Clin Appl 2007;1:739-46.
45. Hawkins CL, Morgan PE, Davies MJ. Quantification of protein modification by oxidants. Free Radic Biol Med 2009;46:965-88.
46. Perdivara I, Deterding LJ, Przybylski M, Tomer KB. Mass spectrometric identification of oxidative modifications of tryptophan residues in proteins: chemical artifact or post-translational modification? J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2010;21:1114-7.
47. Caboux E, Lallemand C, Ferro G, Hemon B, Mendy M, Biessy C, et al. Sources of pre-analytical variations in yield of DNA extracted from blood samples: analysis of 50,000 DNA samples in EPIC. PLoS One 2012;7:e39821.
48. Kim SJ, Dix DJ, Thompson KE, Murrell RN, Schmid JE, Gallagher JE, Rockett JC. Effects of storage, RNA extraction, genechip type, and donor sex on gene expression profiling of human whole blood. Clin Chem 2007;53:1038-45.
49. de Lomas JG, Sunzeri FJ, Busch MP. False-negative results by polymerase chain reaction due to contamination by glove powder. Transfusion 1992;32:83-5.
50. El MS, Rolet F, Mouliere F, Thierry AR. Circulating cell free DNA: Preanalytical considerations. Clin Chim Acta 2013;424:222-30.
51. Duale N, Brunborg G, Ronningen KS, Briese T, Aarem J, Aas KK, et al. Human blood RNA stabilization in samples collected and transported for a large biobank. BMC Res Notes 2012;5:510.
52. Palmirotta R, De Marchis ML, Ludovici G, Leone B, Savonarola A, Ialongo C, et al. Impact of preanalytical handling and timing for peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolation and RNA studies: the experience of the Interinstitutional Multidisciplinary BioBank (Bio-BIM). Int J Biol Markers 2012;27:e90-8.
53. Pazzagli M, Malentacchi F, Simi L, Orlando C, Wyrich R, Gunther K, et al. SPIDIA-RNA: first external quality assessment for the pre-analytical phase of blood samples used for RNA based analyses. Methods 2013;59:20-31.
54. McDonald JS, Milosevic D, Reddi HV, Grebe SK, Algeciras-Schimnich A. Analysis of circulating microRNA: preanalytical and analytical challenges. Clin Chem 2011;57:833-40.
55. Becker N, Lockwood CM. Pre-analytical variables in miRNA analysis. Clin Biochem 2013;46:861-8.
56. CLSI. Urinanalysis; approved guideline - third edition. Wayne (PA): CLSI; 2009. CLSI document GP16-A3.
57. Delanghe J, Speeckaert M. Preanalytical requirements of urinalysis. Biochem Med (Zagreb) 2014;24:89-104.
58. Papale M, Pedicillo MC, Thatcher BJ, Di PS, Lo ML, Bufo P, et al. Urine profiling by SELDI-TOF/MS: monitoring of the critical steps in sample collection, handling and analysis. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2007;856:205-13.
59. Henriksen T, Hillestrom PR, Poulsen HE, Weimann A. Automated method for the direct analysis of 8-oxoguanosine and 8-oxo-2′-deoxyguanosine in human urine using ultraperformance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. Free Radic Biol Med 2009;47:629-35.
60. Bali LE, Diman A, Bernard A, Roosens NH, De Keersmaecker SC. Comparative study of seven commercial kits for human DNA extraction from urine samples suitable for DNA biomarker-based public health studies. J Biomol Tech 2014;25:96-110.
61. Feres MC, Bini R, De Martino MC, Biagini SP, de Sousa AL, Campana PG, Tufik S. Implications for the use of acid preservatives in 24-hour urine for measurements of high demand biochemical analytes in clinical laboratories. Clin Chim Acta 2011;412:2322-5.
62. Veljkovic K, Rodriguez-Capote K, Bhayana V, Pickersgill R, Beattie J, Clark L, Kavsak PA. Assessment of a four hour delay for urine samples stored without preservatives at room temperature for urinalysis. Clin Biochem 2012;45:856-8.
63. Bingham SA, Cummings JH. Creatinine and PABA as markers for completeness of collection of 24-hour urine samples. Hum Nutr Clin Nutr 1986;40:473-6.
64. Miller RC, Brindle E, Holman DJ, Shofer J, Klein NA, Soules MR, O'Connor KA. Comparison of specific gravity and creatinine for normalizing urinary reproductive hormone concentrations. Clin Chem 2004;50:924-32.
65. Schaub S, Wilkins J, Weiler T, Sangster K, Rush D, Nickerson P. Urine protein profiling with surface-enhanced laser-desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Kidney Int 2004;65:323-32.
66. Yoshizawa JM, Schafer CA, Schafer JJ, Farrell JJ, Paster BJ, Wong DT. Salivary biomarkers: toward future clinical and diagnostic utilities. Clin Microbiol Rev 2013;26:781-91.
67. Pfaffe T, Cooper-White J, Beyerlein P, Kostner K, Punyadeera C. Diagnostic potential of saliva: current state and future applications. Clin Chem 2011;57:675-87.
68. Liesveld JL, Rothberg PG. Mixed chimerism in SCT: conflict or peaceful coexistence? Bone Marrow Transplant 2008;42:297-310.
69. Yunis EJ, Zuniga J, Romero V, Yunis EJ. Chimerism and tetragametic chimerism in humans: implications in autoimmunity, allorecognition and tolerance. Immunol Res 2007;38:213-36.
70. Rasi S, Bruscaggin A, Rinaldi A, Cresta S, Fangazio M, De PL, et al. Saliva is a reliable and practical source of germline DNA for genome-wide studies in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Leuk Res 2011;35:1419-22.
71. Navazesh M, Christensen CM. A comparison of whole mouth resting and stimulated salivary measurement procedures. J Dent Res 1982;61:1158-62.
72. Golatowski C, Salazar MG, Dhople VM, Hammer E, Kocher T, Jehmlich N, Volker U. Comparative evaluation of saliva collection methods for proteome analysis. Clin Chim Acta 2013;419:42-6.
73. Topkas E, Keith P, Dimeski G, Cooper-White J, Punyadeera C. Evaluation of saliva collection devices for the analysis of proteins. Clin Chim Acta 2012;413:1066-70.
74. Amado FM, Ferreira RP, Vitorino R. One decade of salivary proteomics: current approaches and outstanding challenges. Clin Biochem 2013;46:506-17.
75. Schipper RG, Silletti E, Vingerhoeds MH. Saliva as research material: biochemical, physicochemical and practical aspects. Arch Oral Biol 2007;52:1114-35.
76. Schipper R, Loof A, de Groot J, Harthoorn L, Dransfield E, van Heerde W. SELDI-TOF-MS of saliva: methodology and pre-treatment effects. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2007;847:45-53.
77. Nunes AP, Oliveira IO, Santos BR, Millech C, Silva LP, Gonzalez DA et al. Quality of DNA extracted from saliva samples collected with the Oragene DNA self-collection kit. BMC Med Res Methodol 2012;12:65.
78. Garcia-Closas M, Egan KM, Abruzzo J, Newcomb PA, Titus-Ernstoff L, Franklin T, et al. Collection of genomic DNA from adults in epidemiological studies by buccal cytobrush and mouthwash. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2001;10:687-96.
79. Heath EM, Morken NW, Campbell KA, Tkach D, Boyd EA, Strom DA. Use of buccal cells collected in mouthwash as a source of DNA for clinical testing. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2001;125:127-33.
80. Boyanton BL Jr, Blick KE. Stability studies of twenty-four analytes in human plasma and serum. Clin Chem 2002;48:2242-7.
81. Oddoze C, Lombard E, Portugal H. Stability study of 81 analytes in human whole blood, in serum and in plasma. Clin Biochem 2012;45:464-9.
82. Jackson C, Best N, Elliott P. UK Biobank Pilot Study: stability of haematological and clinical chemistry analytes. Int J Epidemiol 2008;37(Suppl 1):i16-22.
83. Tanner M, Kent N, Smith B, Fletcher S, Lewer M. Stability of common biochemical analytes in serum gel tubes subjected to various storage temperatures and times pre-centrifugation. Ann Clin Biochem 2008;45:375-9.
84. Barton RH, Nicholson JK, Elliott P, Holmes E. High-throughput 1H NMR-based metabolic analysis of human serum and urine for large-scale epidemiological studies: validation study. Int J Epidemiol 2008;37(Suppl 1):i31-40.
85. McQuillan AC, Sales SD. Designing an automated blood fractionation system. Int J Epidemiol 2008;37(Suppl 1):i51-5.
86. Malm J, Vegvari A, Rezeli M, Upton P, Danmyr P, Nilsson R, et al. Large scale biobanking of blood: the importance of high density sample processing procedures. J Proteomics 2012;76(Spec No.):116-24.
87. Kay AB, Estrada DK, Mareninov S, Silver SS, Magyar CE, Dry SM, et al. Considerations for uniform and accurate biospecimen labelling in a biorepository and research environment. J Clin Pathol 2011;64:634-6.
88. Karcher DS, Lehman CM. Clinical consequences of specimen rejection: a College of American Pathologists Q-Probes analysis of 78 clinical laboratories. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2014;138:1003-8.
89. Gaye A, Peakman T, Tobin MD, Burton PR. Understanding the impact of pre-analytic variation in haematological and clinical chemistry analytes on the power of association studies. Int J Epidemiol 2014;43:1633-44.
90. Gail MH, Sheehy T, Cosentino M, Pee D, Diaz-Mayoral NA, Garcia-Closas M, et al. Maximizing DNA yield for epidemiologic studies: no more buffy coats? Am J Epidemiol 2013;178:1170-6.
91. Hollegaard MV, Grove J, Grauholm J, Kreiner-Moller E, Bonnelykke K, Norgaard M, et al. Robustness of genome-wide scanning using archived dried blood spot samples as a DNA source. BMC Genet 2011;12:58.
92. Mulot C, Stucker I, Clavel J, Beaune P, Loriot MA. Collection of human genomic DNA from buccal cells for genetics studies: comparison between cytobrush, mouthwash, and treated card. J Biomed Biotechnol 2005;2005:291-6.
93. King IB, Satia-Abouta J, Thornquist MD, Bigler J, Patterson RE, Kristal AR, et al. Buccal cell DNA yield, quality, and collection costs: comparison of methods for large-scale studies. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2002;11:1130-3.
94. Rogers NL, Cole SA, Lan HC, Crossa A, Demerath EW. New saliva DNA collection method compared to buccal cell collection techniques for epidemiological studies. Am J Hum Biol 2007;19:319-26.
95. Feigelson HS, Rodriguez C, Robertson AS, Jacobs EJ, Calle EE, Reid YA, Thun MJ. Determinants of DNA yield and quality from buccal cell samples collected with mouthwash. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2001;10:1005-8.
96. Nemoda Z, Horvat-Gordon M, Fortunato CK, Beltzer EK, Scholl JL, Granger DA. Assessing genetic polymorphisms using DNA extracted from cells present in saliva samples. BMC Med Res Methodol 2011;11:170.
97. Rylander-Rudqvist T, Hakansson N, Tybring G, Wolk A. Quality and quantity of saliva DNA obtained from the self-administrated oragene method - a pilot study on the cohort of Swedish men. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006;15:1742-5.
98. Olson WC, Smolkin ME, Farris EM, Fink RJ, Czarkowski AR, Fink JH, et al. Shipping blood to a central laboratory in multicenter clinical trials: effect of ambient temperature on specimen temperature, and effects of temperature on mononuclear cell yield, viability and immunologic function. J Transl Med 2011;9:26.
99. Shao W, Khin S, Kopp WC. Characterization of effect of repeated freeze and thaw cycles on stability of genomic DNA using pulsed field gel electrophoresis. Biopreserv Biobank 2012;10:4-11.
100. Vaught J, Abayomi A, Peakman T, Watson P, Matzke L, Moore H. Critical issues in international biobanking. Clin Chem 2014;60:1368-74.
101. International Society for Biological and Environmental Repositories. ISBER best practices for repositories: collection, storage, retrieval and distribution of biological materials for research, 3rd edition. http://www.isber.org/?page=BPR (Accessed December 2014).
102. Brinc D, Chan MK, Venner AA, Pasic MD, Colantonio D, Kyriakopolou L, Adeli K. Long-term stability of biochemical markers in pediatric serum specimens stored at -80°C: a CALIPER Substudy. Clin Biochem 2012;45:816-26.
103. Gislefoss RE, Grimsrud TK, Morkrid L. Stability of selected serum proteins after long-term storage in the Janus Serum Bank. Clin Chem Lab Med 2009;47:596-603.
104. Hannisdal R, Gislefoss RE, Grimsrud TK, Hustad S, Morkrid L, Ueland PM. Analytical recovery of folate and its degradation products in human serum stored at -25 degrees C for up to 29 years. J Nutr 2010;140:522-6.
105. Hostmark AT, Glattre E, Jellum E. Effect of long-term storage on the concentration of albumin and free fatty acids in human sera. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 2001;61:443-7.
106. Reed AB, Ankerst DP, Leach RJ, Vipraio G, Thompson IM, Parekh DJ. Total prostate specific antigen stability confirmed after long-term storage of serum at -80°C. J Urol 2008;180:534-7.
107. Holl K, Lundin E, Kaasila M, Grankvist K, Afanasyeva Y, Hallmans G, et al. Effect of long-term storage on hormone measurements in samples from pregnant women: the experience of the Finnish Maternity Cohort. Acta Oncol 2008;47:406-12.
108. Hernestal-Boman J, Jansson JH, Nilsson TK, Eliasson M, Johansson L. Long-term stability of fibrinolytic factors stored at -80 degrees C. Thromb Res 2010;125:451-6.
109. 1c can be analyzed in blood kept frozen at -80 degrees C and is not commonly affected by hemolysis in the general population. Metabolism 2004;53:1496-9.
110. Prentice P, Turner C, Wong MC, Dalton RN. Stability of metabolites in dried blood spots stored at different temperatures over a 2-year period. Bioanalysis 2013;5:1507-14.
111. Udtha M, Flores R, Sanner J, Nomie K, Backes E, Wilbers L, Caldwell J. The protection and stabilization of whole blood at room temperature. Biopreserv Biobank 2014;12:332-6.
112. Nederhand RJ, Droog S, Kluft C, Simoons ML, de Maat MP. Logistics and quality control for DNA sampling in large multicenter studies. J Thromb Haemost 2003;1:987-91.
113. Mychaleckyj JC, Farber EA, Chmielewski J, Artale J, Light LS, Bowden DW, et al. Buffy coat specimens remain viable as a DNA source for highly multiplexed genome-wide genetic tests after long term storage. J Transl Med 2011;9:91.
114. Remer T, Montenegro-Bethancourt G, Shi L. Longterm urine biobanking: storage stability of clinical chemical parameters under moderate freezing conditions without use of preservatives. Clin Biochem 2014;47:307-11.
115. Pramanik R, Thompson H, Kistler JO, Wade WG, Galloway J, Peakman T, Proctor GB. Effects of the UK Biobank collection protocol on potential biomarkers in saliva. Int J Epidemiol 2012;41:1786-97.
116. Ivanova NV, Kuzmina ML. Protocols for dry DNA storage and shipment at room temperature. Mol Ecol Resour 2013;13:890-8.
117. Colotte M, Coudy D, Tuffet S, Bonnet J. Adverse effect of air exposure on the stability of DNA stored at room temperature. Biopreserv Biobank 2011;9:47-50.
118. Howlett SE, Castillo HS, Gioeni LJ, Robertson JM, Donfack J. Evaluation of DNAstable for DNA storage at ambient temperature. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2014;8:170-8.
119. Olivieri EH, Franco LA, Pereira RG, Mota LD, Campos AH, Carraro DM. Biobanking practice: RNA storage at low concentration affects integrity. Biopreserv Biobank 2014;12:46-52.
120. Zhang H, Korenkova V, Sjoback R, Svec D, Bjorkman J, Kruhoffer M, et al. Biomarkers for monitoring preanalytical quality variation of mRNA in blood samples. PLoS One 2014;9:e111644.
121. Seelenfreund E, Robinson WA, Amato CM, Tan AC, Kim J, Robinson SE. Long term storage of dry versus frozen RNA for next generation molecular studies. PLoS One 2014;9:e111827.
122. Mathay C, Yan W, Chuaqui R, Skubitz AP, Jeon JP, Fall N, et al. Short-term stability study of RNA at room temperature. Biopreserv Biobank 2012;10:532-42.
123. Hernandez GE, Mondala TS, Head SR. Assessing a novel room-temperature RNA storage medium for compatibility in microarray gene expression analysis. Biotechniques 2009;47:667-8, 670.
124. Cheah S, Dee S, Cole A, Matzke L, O'Donoghue S, Watson PH. An online tool for improving biospecimen data element reporting. Biopreserv Biobank 2012;10:501-10.
125. Rifai N, Annesley TM, Berg JP, Brugnara C, Delvin E, Lamb EJ, et al. An appeal to medical journal editors: the need for a full description of laboratory methods and specimen handling in clinical study reports. Clin Chim Acta 2012;413:653-5.
126. Moore HM, Kelly AB, Jewell SD, McShane LM, Clark DP, Greenspan R, et al. Biospecimen reporting for improved study quality (BRISQ). J Proteome Res 2011;10:3429-38.
127. Robb JA, Gulley ML, Fitzgibbons PL, Kennedy MF, Cosentino LM, Washington K, et al. A call to standardize preanalytic data elements for biospecimens. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2014;138:526-37.
128. Dörr D, Stracke F, Zimmermann H. Noninvasive quality control of cryopreserved samples. Biopreserv Biobank 2012;10:529-31.
129. Chaigneau C, Cabioch T, Beaumont K, Betsou F. Serum biobank certification and the establishment of quality controls for biological fluids: examples of serum biomarker stability after temperature variation. Clin Chem Lab Med 2007;45:1390-5.
130. Lengelle J, Panopoulos E, Betsou F. Soluble CD40 ligand as a biomarker for storage-related preanalytic variations of human serum. Cytokine 2008;44:275-82.
131. Betsou F, Gunter E, Clements J, DeSouza Y, Goddard KA, Guadagni F, et al. Identification of evidence-based biospecimen quality-control tools: a report of the International Society for Biological and Environmental Repositories (ISBER) Biospecimen Science Working Group. J Mol Diagn 2013;15:3-16.
132. CLSI. Procedures for the collection of diagnostic blood specimens by venipuncture; approved standard - sixth edition. Wayne (PA): CLSI: 2007. CLSI document no. H3-A6.