Current developments for improving efficacy of allergy vaccines

Expert Review of Vaccines

Volumn 14, Issue 8, 2015, Pages 1073-1087

  Sandrini, Alessandra ^a   Rolland, Jennifer M ^a   O'Hehir, Robyn E ^a  

^a MONASH UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

Author keywords

adjuvant; allergen immunotherapy; allergic rhinitis; allergy vaccine; asthma; recombinant allergen; sublingual immunotherapy; T cell anergy; T cell epitope peptide; Treg

Indexed keywords

ALLERGY VACCINE; EPITOPE; OMALIZUMAB; T LYMPHOCYTE EPITOPE PEPTIDE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; VACCINE; VITAMIN D;

ADJUVANT THERAPY; ALLERGEN IMMUNOTHERAPY; ALLERGIC RHINITIS; ALLERGY; ASTHMA; ATOPIC DERMATITIS; DRUG EFFICACY; FOOD ALLERGY; HUMAN; HYMENOPTERA VENOM ALLERGY; IMMUNOLOGICAL TOLERANCE; IMMUNOTHERAPY; LONG TERM CARE; MULTICENTER STUDY (TOPIC); PATIENT SAFETY; PHASE 1 CLINICAL TRIAL (TOPIC); PHASE 2 CLINICAL TRIAL (TOPIC); PHASE 3 CLINICAL TRIAL (TOPIC); PHASE 4 CLINICAL TRIAL (TOPIC); PRIORITY JOURNAL; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (TOPIC); REVIEW; SUBCUTANEOUS IMMUNOTHERAPY; SUBLINGUAL IMMUNOTHERAPY; TREATMENT CONTRAINDICATION; HYPERSENSITIVITY; IMMUNOLOGY; PROCEDURES; TRENDS;

HUMANS; HYPERSENSITIVITY; IMMUNOTHERAPY; VACCINES;

EID: 84937134979     PISSN: 14760584     EISSN: 17448395     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1586/14760584.2015.1050385     Document Type: Review

References (149)

1. Greiner AN, Hellings PW, Rotiroti G, Scadding GK. Allergic rhinitis. Lancet 2011; 378(9809):2112-22
2. Roberts G, Xatzipsalti M, Borrego LM, et al. Paediatric rhinitis: position paper of the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. Allergy 2013;68(9): 1102-16
3. Hellings PW, Fokkens WJ, Akdis C, et al. Uncontrolled allergic rhinitis and chronic rhinosinusitis: Where do we stand today?. Allergy 2013;68(1):1-7
4. Papadopoulos NG, Arakawa H, Carlsen KH, et al. International consensus on (icon) pediatric asthma. Allergy 2012;67(8):976-97
5. Sampson HA, Aceves S, Bock SA, et al. Food allergy: A practice parameter update-2014. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014; 134(5):1016-25
6. de Silva D, Geromi M, Panesar SS, et al. Acute and long-Term management of food allergy: Systematic review. Allergy 2014; 69(2):159-67
7. Muraro A, Roberts G, Worm M, et al. Anaphylaxis: guidelines from the european academy of allergy and clinical immunology. Allergy 2014;69(8):1026-45
8. Canonica GW, Cox L, Pawankar R, et al. Sublingual immunotherapy: world allergy organization position paper 2013 update. World Allergy Organ J 2014;7(1):6
9. Burks AW, Calderon MA, Casale T, et al. Update on allergy immunotherapy: American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology/European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology/PRACTALL consensus report. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2013;131(5):1288-96
10. Compalati E, Braido F, Canonica GW. An update on allergen immunotherapy and asthma. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2014;20(1): 109-17
11. Chelladurai Y, Lin SY. Effectiveness of subcutaneous versus sublingual immunotherapy for allergic rhinitis: Current update. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2014;22(3):211-15
12. Epstein TG, Liss GM, Murphy-Berendts K, Bernstein DI. AAAAI/ACAAI surveillance study of subcutaneous immunotherapy, years 2008-2012: An update on fatal and nonfatal systemic allergic reactions. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2014;2(2):161-7
13. Dretzke J, Meadows A, Novielli N, et al. Subcutaneous and sublingual immunotherapy for seasonal allergic rhinitis: A systematic review and indirect comparison. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2013; 131(5):1361-6
14. Cox L, Esch RE, Corbett M, et al. Allergen immunotherapy practice in the united states: Guidelines, measures, and outcomes. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2011;107(4): 289-99.quiz 300
15. Kiel MA, Roder E, Gerth van Wijk R, et al. Real-life compliance and persistence among users of subcutaneous and sublingual allergen immunotherapy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2013;132(2):353-60
16. Cox L, Jacobsen L. Comparison of allergen immunotherapy practice patterns in the United States and Europe. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2009;103(6):451-9.quiz 459-461, 495
17. Senna G, Lombardi C, Canonica GW, Passalacqua G. How adherent to sublingual immunotherapy prescriptions are patients?. The manufacturers viewpoint. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010;126(3):668-9
18. Pajno GB, Caminiti L, Crisafulli G, et al. Adherence to sublingual immunotherapy in preschool children. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2012;23(7):688-9
19. Casale TB, Stokes JR. Immunotherapy: What lies beyond. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014;133(3):612-19.quiz 620
20. Cox L, Compalati E, Kundig T, Larche M. New directions in immunotherapy. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2013;13(2):178-95
21. Bergmann KC, Demoly P, Worm M, et al. Efficacy and safety of sublingual tablets of house dust mite allergen extracts in adults with allergic rhinitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014;133(6):1608-14
22. Devillier P, Dreyfus JF, Demoly P, Calderon MA. A meta-Analysis of sublingual allergen immunotherapy and pharmacotherapy in pollen-induced seasonal allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. BMC Med 2014;12(1):71
23. Sun J, Hui X, Ying W, et al. Efficacy of allergen-specific immunotherapy for peanut allergy: A meta-Analysis of randomized controlled trials. Allergy Asthma Proc 2014; 35(2):171-7
24. Calderon MA, Penagos M, Sheikh A, et al. Sublingual immunotherapy for treating allergic conjunctivitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011;(7) CD007685
25. Abramson MJ, Puy RM, Weiner JM. Injection allergen immunotherapy for asthma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010; (8):CD001186
26. Larenas-Linnemann D, Blaiss M, Van Bever HP, et al. Pediatric sublingual immunotherapy efficacy: Evidence analysis, 2009-2012. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2013;110(6):402-15
27. Boyle RJ, Elremeli M, Hockenhull J, et al. Venom immunotherapy for preventing allergic reactions to insect stings. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012;10:CD008838
28. Di Bona D, Plaia A, Leto-Barone MS, et al. Efficacy of subcutaneous and sublingual immunotherapy with grass allergens for seasonal allergic rhinitis: A meta-Analysis-based comparison. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012;130(5):1097-107
29. Calderon MA, Penagos M, Sheikh A, et al. Sublingual immunotherapy for allergic conjunctivitis: Cochrane systematic review and meta-Analysis. Clin Exp Allergy 2011; 41(9):1263-72
30. Severino MG, Cortellini G, Bonadonna P, et al. Sublingual immunotherapy for large local reactions caused by honeybee sting: A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2008;122(1):44-8
31. Patriarca G, Nucera E, Roncallo C, et al. Sublingual desensitization in patients with wasp venom allergy: Preliminary results. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2008;21(3): 669-77
32. Bae JM, Choi YY, Park CO, et al. Efficacy of allergen-specific immunotherapy for atopic dermatitis: A systematic review and meta-Analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2013;132(1): 110-17
33. Matricardi PM, Kuna P, Panetta V, et al. Subcutaneous immunotherapy and pharmacotherapy in seasonal allergic rhinitis: A comparison based on meta-Analyses. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011;128(4):791-9
34. Durham SR, Emminger W, Kapp A, et al. Sq-standardized sublingual grass immunotherapy: Confirmation of disease modification 2 years after 3 years of treatment in a randomized trial. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012;129(3):717-25
35. Didier A, Worm M, Horak F, et al. Sustained 3-year efficacy of pre-And coseasonal 5-grass-pollen sublingual immunotherapy tablets in patients with grass pollen-induced rhinoconjunctivitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011;128(3): 559-66
36. Marogna M, Colombo F, Cerra C, et al. The clinical efficacy of a sublingual monomeric allergoid at different maintenance doses: A randomized controlled trial. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2010; 23(3):937-45
37. Cox L, Calderon M, Pfaar O. Subcutaneous allergen immunotherapy for allergic disease: Examining efficacy, safety and cost-effectiveness of current and novel formulations. Immunotherapy 2012;4(6): 601-16
38. Lin SY, Erekosima N, Kim JM, et al. Sublingual immunotherapy for the treatment of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and asthma: A systematic review. JAMA 2013; 309(12):1278-88
39. Creticos PS, Esch RE, Couroux P, et al. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of standardized ragweed sublingual-liquid immunotherapy for allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014;133(3):751-8
40. Mosbech H, Deckelmann R, de Blay F, et al. Standardized quality (sq) house dust mite sublingual immunotherapy tablet (alk) reduces inhaled corticosteroid use while maintaining asthma control: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014;134(3): 568-75
41. Petersen KD, Kronborg C, Larsen JN, et al. Patient related outcomes in a real life prospective follow up study: Allergen immunotherapy increase quality of life and reduce sick days. World Allergy Organ J 2013;6(1):15
42. Erekosima N, Suarez-Cuervo C, Ramanathan M, et al. Effectiveness of subcutaneous immunotherapy for allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and asthma: A systematic review. Laryngoscope 2014;124(3):616-27
43. Chelladurai Y, Suarez-Cuervo C, Erekosima N, et al. Effectiveness of subcutaneous versus sublingual immunotherapy for the treatment of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and asthma: A systematic review. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2013; 1(4):361-9
44. Kim JM, Lin SY, Suarez-Cuervo C, et al. Allergen-specific immunotherapy for pediatric asthma and rhinoconjunctivitis: A systematic review. Pediatrics 2013;131(6): 1155-67
45. Calderon MA, Alves B, Jacobson M, et al. Allergen injection immunotherapy for seasonal allergic rhinitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2007;(1):CD001936
46. Radulovic S, Wilson D, Calderon M, Durham S. Systematic reviews of sublingual immunotherapy (slit). Allergy 2011;66(6): 740-52
47. Cox LS, Casale TB, Nayak AS, et al. Clinical efficacy of 300IR 5-grass pollen sublingual tablet in a us study: The importance of allergen-specific serum IgE. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012;130(6): 1327-34
48. Calderon MA, Casale TB, Nelson HS, Demoly P. An evidence-based analysis of house dust mite allergen immunotherapy: A call for more rigorous clinical studies. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2013;132(6): 1322-36
49. Eifan AO, Calderon MA, Durham SR. Allergen immunotherapy for house dust mite: Clinical efficacy and immunological mechanisms in allergic rhinitis and asthma. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2013;13(11): 1543-56
50. Nelson HS. Subcutaneous immunotherapy versus sublingual immunotherapy: Which is more effective?. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2014;2(2):144-9.quiz 150-141
51. Calderon MA, Bernstein DI, Blaiss M, et al. A comparative analysis of symptom and medication scoring methods used in clinical trials of sublingual immunotherapy for seasonal allergic rhinitis. Clin Exp Allergy 2014;44(10):1228-39
52. Simioni L, Vianello A, Bonadonna P, et al. Efficacy of venom immunotherapy given every 3 or 4 months: A prospective comparison with the conventional regimen. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2013;110(1): 51-4
53. Severino M, Bonadonna P, Bilo MB, et al. Safety and efficacy of immunotherapy with Polistes dominulus venom: Results from a large Italian database. Allergy 2009;64(8): 1229-30
54. Compalati E, Rogkakou A, Passalacqua G, Canonica GW. Evidences of efficacy of allergen immunotherapy in atopic dermatitis: An updated review. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2012;12(4):427-33
55. Qin YE, Mao JR, Sang YC, Li WX. Clinical efficacy and compliance of sublingual immunotherapy with Dermatophagoides farinae drops in patients with atopic dermatitis. Int J Dermatol 2014;53(5):650-5
56. Nelson HS, Lahr J, Rule R, et al. Treatment of anaphylactic sensitivity to peanuts by immunotherapy with injections of aqueous peanut extract. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1997;99(6 Pt 1):744-51
57. Oppenheimer JJ, Nelson HS, Bock SA, et al. Treatment of peanut allergy with rush immunotherapy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1992;90(2):256-62
58. Wence A, Laurent M, Bertrand D, et al. Epicutaneous immunotherapy (epit) is safe for the treatment of peanut allergy in allergic patients. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2013;131(2 Suppl):AB91
59. Tang ML, Ponsonby AL, Orsini F, et al. Administration of a probiotic with peanut oral immunotherapy: A randomized trial. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015;135(3): 737-44
60. Clark AT, Islam S, King Y, et al. Successful oral tolerance induction in severe peanut allergy. Allergy 2009;64(8):1218-20
61. Thyagarajan A, Varshney P, Jones SM, et al. Peanut oral immunotherapy is not ready for clinical use. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010;126(1):31-2
62. Hofmann AM, Scurlock AM, Jones SM, et al. Safety of a peanut oral immunotherapy protocol in children with peanut allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2009;124(2):286-91
63. Varshney P, Steele PH, Vickery BP, et al. Adverse reactions during peanut oral immunotherapy home dosing. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2009;124(6):1351-2
64. Yu GP, Weldon B, Neale-May S, Nadeau KC. The safety of peanut oral immunotherapy in peanut-Allergic subjects in a single-center trial. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2012;159(2):179-82
65. Fleischer DM, Burks AW, Vickery BP, et al. Sublingual immunotherapy for peanut allergy: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter trial. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2013;131(1): 119-27
66. Nurmatov U, Venderbosch I, Devereux G, et al. Allergen-specific oral immunotherapy for peanut allergy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012;9:CD009014
67. Anagnostou K, Clark A. Peanut immunotherapy. Clin Transl Allergy 2014;4:30
68. Sampson HA. Peanut oral immunotherapy: Is it ready for clinical practice?. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2013;1(1):15-21
69. Du Toit G, Roberts G, Sayre PH, et al. Randomized trial of peanut consumption in infants at risk for peanut allergy. N Engl J Med 2015;372(9):803-13
70. Tey D, Allen KJ, Peters RL, et al. Population response to change in infant feeding guidelines for allergy prevention. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014;133(2): 476-84
71. Wuthrich B, Schmid-Grendelmeier P, Schindler C, et al. Prevalence of atopy and respiratory allergic diseases in the elderly Sapaldia population. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2013;162(2):143-8
72. Bozek A, Ignasiak B, Kasperska-Zajac A, et al. Local allergic rhinitis in elderly patients. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2015;114(3):199-202
73. Busse PJ. Allergic respiratory disease in the elderly. Am J Med 2007;120(6):498-502
74. Bozek A, Ignasiak B, Filipowska B, Jarzab J. House dust mite sublingual immunotherapy: A double-blind, placebo-controlled study in elderly patients with allergic rhinitis. Clin Exp Allergy 2013;43(2):242-8
75. Bozek A, Kolodziejczyk K, Warkocka-Szoltysek B, Jarzab J. Grass pollen sublingual immunotherapy: A double-blind, placebo-controlled study in elderly patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2014;28(5): 423-7
76. Wardzynska A, Kubsik B, Kowalski ML. Comorbidities in elderly patients with asthma: Association with control of the disease and concomitant treatment. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2014. [Epub ahead of print]
77. Guenechea-Sola M, Hariri SR, Galoosian A, Yusin JS. A retrospective review of veterans adherence to allergen immunotherapy over 10 years. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2014;112(1):79-81
78. Cox L, Nelson H, Lockey R, et al. Allergen immunotherapy: A practice parameter third update. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011; 127(1 Suppl):S1-55
79. Akdis M, Akdis CA. Mechanisms of allergen-specific immunotherapy: Multiple suppressor factors at work in immune tolerance to allergens. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014;133(3):621-31
80. Allam JP, Novak N. Immunological mechanisms of sublingual immunotherapy. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2014; 14(6):564-9
81. Novak N, Mete N, Bussmann C, et al. Early suppression of basophil activation during allergen-specific immunotherapy by histamine receptor 2. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012;130(5):1153-8
82. Bohle B, Kinaciyan T, Gerstmayr M, et al. Sublingual immunotherapy induces IL-10-producing T regulatory cells, allergen-specific T-cell tolerance, and immune deviation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007;120(3):707-13
83. Wambre E, DeLong JH, James EA, et al. Specific immunotherapy modifies allergen-specific CD4(+) T-cell responses in an epitope-dependent manner. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014;133(3):872-9
84. van de Veen W, Stanic B, Yaman G, et al. IgG4 production is confined to human IL-10-producing regulatory B cells that suppress antigen-specific immune responses. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2013;131(4): 1204-12
85. Deniz G, van de Veen W, Akdis M. Natural killer cells in patients with allergic diseases. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2013; 132(3):527-35
86. Klunker S, Chong MM, Mantel PY, et al. Transcription factors Runx1 and Runx3 in the induction and suppressive function of Foxp3+ inducible regulatory T cells. J Exp Med 2009;206(12):2701-15
87. Suarez-Fueyo A, Ramos T, Galan A, et al. Grass tablet sublingual immunotherapy downregulates the Th2 cytokine response followed by regulatory T-cell generation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014;133(1):130-8
88. Jutel M, Van de Veen W, Agache I, et al. Mechanisms of allergen-specific immunotherapy and novel ways for vaccine development. Allergol Int 2013;62(4): 425-33
89. Lai X, Li J, Xiao X, et al. Specific IgG4 production during house dust mite immunotherapy among age, gender and allergic disease populations. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2013;160(1):37-46
90. Gleich GJ, Zimmermann EM, Henderson LL, Yunginger JW. Effect of immunotherapy on immunoglobulin e and immunoglobulin G antibodies to ragweed antigens: A six-year prospective study. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1982;70(4):261-71
91. Wachholz PA, Soni NK, Till SJ, Durham SR. Inhibition of allergen-IgE binding to B cells by IgG antibodies after grass pollen immunotherapy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2003;112(5):915-22
92. Senna G, Caminati M, Canonica GW. Safety and tolerability of sublingual immunotherapy in clinical trials and real life. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2013;13(6):656-62
93. Epstein TG, Liss GM, Murphy-Berendts K, Bernstein DI. Immediate and delayed-onset systemic reactions after subcutaneous immunotherapy injections: ACAAI/AAAAI surveillance study of subcutaneous immunotherapy: Year 2. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2011;107(5):426-31
94. Pfaar O, Demoly P, Gerth van Wijk R, et al. Recommendations for the standardization of clinical outcomes used in allergen immunotherapy trials for allergic rhinoconjunctivitis: An EAACI position paper. Allergy 2014;69(7):854-67
95. Nurmatov U, Devereux G, Worth A, et al. Effectiveness and safety of orally administered immunotherapy for food allergies: A systematic review and meta-Analysis. Br J Nutr 2014;111(1):12-22
96. Burton OT, Logsdon SL, Zhou JS, et al. Oral immunotherapy induces IgG antibodies that act through FcgammaRIIb to suppress IgE-mediated hypersensitivity. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014;134(6): 1310-17
97. Jones SM, Pons L, Roberts JL, et al. Clinical efficacy and immune regulation with peanut oral immunotherapy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2009;124(2):292-300
98. Blumchen K, Ulbricht H, Staden U, et al. Oral peanut immunotherapy in children with peanut anaphylaxis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010;126(1):83-91
99. Varshney P, Jones SM, Scurlock AM, et al. A randomized controlled study of peanut oral immunotherapy: Clinical desensitization and modulation of the allergic response. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011;127(3): 654-60
100. Syed A, Garcia MA, Lyu SC, et al. Peanut oral immunotherapy results in increased antigen-induced regulatory T-cell function and hypomethylation of Forkhead box protein 3 (Foxp3). J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014;133(2):500-10
101. Vickery BP, Scurlock AM, Kulis M, et al. Sustained unresponsiveness to peanut in subjects who have completed peanut oral immunotherapy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014;133(2):468-75
102. Yeung JP, Kloda LA, McDevitt J, et al. Oral immunotherapy for milk allergy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012;11: CD009542
103. Brozek JL, Terracciano L, Hsu J, et al. Oral immunotherapy for IgE-mediated cows milk allergy: A systematic review and meta-Analysis. Clin Exp Allergy 2012;42(3): 363-74
104. Savilahti EM, Kuitunen M, Savilahti E, Makela MJ. Specific antibodies in oral immunotherapy for cows milk allergy: Kinetics and prediction of clinical outcome. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2014;164(1): 32-9
105. Keet CA, Seopaul S, Knorr S, et al. Long-Term follow-up of oral immunotherapy for cows milk allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2013;132(3):737-9
106. Romantsik O, Bruschettini M, Tosca MA, et al. Oral and sublingual immunotherapy for egg allergy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014;11:CD010638
107. Senti G, von Moos S, Tay F, et al. Epicutaneous allergen-specific immunotherapy ameliorates grass pollen-induced rhinoconjunctivitis: A double-blind, placebo-controlled dose escalation study. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012;129(1):128-35
108. Dupont C, Kalach N, Soulaines P, et al. Cows milk epicutaneous immunotherapy in children: A pilot trial of safety, acceptability, and impact on allergic reactivity. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010;125(5):1165-7
109. Senti G, Crameri R, Kuster D, et al. Intralymphatic immunotherapy for cat allergy induces tolerance after only 3 injections. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012; 129(5):1290-6
110. Hylander T, Latif L, Petersson-Westin U, Cardell LO. Intralymphatic allergen-specific immunotherapy: An effective and safe alternative treatment route for pollen-induced allergic rhinitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2013;131(2):412-20
111. Kundig TM. Immunotherapy concepts under investigation. Allergy 2011; 66(Suppl 95):60-2
112. Witten M, Malling HJ, Blom L, et al. Is intralymphatic immunotherapy ready for clinical use in patients with grass pollen allergy?. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2013; 132(5):1248-52
113. Kundig TM, Johansen P, Bachmann MF, et al. Intralymphatic immunotherapy: Time interval between injections is essential. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014;133(3):930-1
114. Martinez-Gomez JM, Johansen P, Erdmann I, et al. Intralymphatic injections as a new administration route for allergen-specific immunotherapy. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2009;150(1):59-65
115. Zaleska A, Eiwegger T, Soyer O, et al. Immune regulation by intralymphatic immunotherapy with modular allergen-Translocation mat vaccine. Allergy 2014;69(9):1162-70
116. Tsai JJ, Liao EC, Tsai FH, et al. The effect of local nasal immunotherapy in allergic rhinitis: Using strips of the allergen Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus. J Asthma 2009;46(2):165-70
117. Prickett SR, Rolland JM, OHehir RE. Immunoregulatory T cell epitope peptides: the new frontier in allergy therapy. Clin Exp Allergy 2015;45(6):1015-26
118. Higgins JA, Lamb JR, Marsh SG, et al. Peptide-induced nonresponsiveness of HLA-DP restricted human T cells reactive with Dermatophagoides spp. (house dust mite). J Allergy Clin Immunol 1992;90(5): 749-56
119. Hoyne GF, OHehir RE, Wraith DC, et al. Inhibition of T cell and antibody responses to house dust mite allergen by inhalation of the dominant T cell epitope in naive and sensitized mice. J Exp Med 1993;178(5): 1783-8
120. Rolland JM, Prickett S, Gardner LM, OHehir RE. T cell targeted strategies for improved efficacy and safety of specific immunotherapy for allergic disease. Antiinflamm Antiallergy Agents Med Chem 2013;12(3):201-22
121. Larche M. T cell epitope-based allergy vaccines. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2011;352:107-19
122. Available from: www.iedb.org
123. Patel D, Couroux P, Hickey P, et al. Fel d 1-derived peptide antigen desensitization shows a persistent treatment effect 1 year after the start of dosing: A randomized, placebo-controlled study. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2013;131(1):103-9
124. Worm M, Patel D, Creticos PS. Cat peptide antigen desensitisation for treating cat allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2013;22(10):1347-57
125. Couroux P, Patel D, Armstrong K, et al. Fel d 1-derived synthetic peptide immuno-regulatory epitopes show a long-Term treatment effect in cat allergic subjects. Clin Exp Allergy 2015;45(5): 974-81
126. Larche M. Mechanisms of peptide immunotherapy in allergic airways disease. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2014;11(Suppl 5): S292-6
127. Tarzi M, Klunker S, Texier C, et al. Induction of interleukin-10 and suppressor of cytokine signalling-3 gene expression following peptide immunotherapy. Clin Exp Allergy 2006;36(4):465-74
128. Prickett SR, Voskamp AL, Phan T, et al. Ara h 1 CD4+ T cell epitope-based peptides: Candidates for a peanut allergy therapeutic. Clin Exp Allergy 2013;43(6): 684-97
129. Spertini F, Perrin Y, Audran R, et al. Safety and immunogenicity of immunotherapy with Bet v 1-derived contiguous overlapping peptides. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014; 134(1):239-40
130. OHehir RE, Lake RA, Schall TJ, et al. Regulation of cytokine and chemokine transcription in a human Th2 type T-cell clone during the induction phase of anergy. Clin Exp Allergy 1996;26(1):20-7
131. Hoyne GF, Askonas BA, Hetzel C, et al. Regulation of house dust mite responses by intranasally administered peptide: Transient activation of CD4+ T cells precedes the development of tolerance in vivo. Int Immunol 1996;8(3):335-42
132. Valenta R, Niespodziana K, Focke-Tejkl M, et al. Recombinant allergens: What does the future hold?. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011; 127(4):860-4
133. Rolland JM, Gardner LM, OHehir RE. Allergen-related approaches to immunotherapy. Pharmacol Ther 2009; 121(3):273-84
134. Marth K, Focke-Tejkl M, Lupinek C, et al. Allergen peptides, recombinant allergens and hypoallergens for allergen-specific immunotherapy. Curr Treat Options Allergy 2014;1:91-106
135. Valenta R, Linhart B, Swoboda I, Niederberger V. Recombinant allergens for allergen-specific immunotherapy: 10 years anniversary of immunotherapy with recombinant allergens. Allergy 2011;66(6): 775-83
136. Linhart B, Valenta R. Mechanisms underlying allergy vaccination with recombinant hypoallergenic allergen derivatives. Vaccine 2012;30(29):4328-35
137. Swoboda I, Bugajska-Schretter A, Linhart B, et al. A recombinant hypoallergenic parvalbumin mutant for immunotherapy of IgE-mediated fish allergy. J Immunol 2007; 178(10):6290-6
138. Pfaar O, van Twuijver E, Hecker H, et al. Accelerated up-dosing of subcutaneous immunotherapy with a registered allergoid grass pollen preparation. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2013;160(4):420-4
139. Aryan Z, Holgate ST, Radzioch D, Rezaei N. A new era of targeting the ancient gatekeepers of the immune system: Toll-like agonists in the treatment of allergic rhinitis and asthma. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2014;164(1):46-63
140. Rosewich M, Schulze J, Fischer von Weikersthal-Drachenberg KJ, Zielen S. Ultra-short course immunotherapy in children and adolescents during a 3-yrs post-marketing surveillance study. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2010;21(1 Pt 2):e185-9
141. Scichilone N, Minaldi C, Santagata R, et al. Anti-inflammatory effects of pre-seasonal Th1-Adjuvant vaccine to Parietaria judaica in asthmatics. J Asthma Allergy 2011;4: 19-25
142. Musarra A, Bignardi D, Troise C, Passalacqua G. Long-lasting effect of a monophosphoryl lipid-Adjuvanted immunotherapy to Parietaria. A controlled field study. Eur Ann Allergy Clin Immunol 2010;42(3):115-19
143. Horak F. Vtx-1463, a novel tlr8 agonist for the treatment of allergic rhinitis. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2011;20(7):981-6
144. Beeh KM, Kanniess F, Wagner F, et al. The novel tlr-9 agonist qbg10 shows clinical efficacy in persistent allergic asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2013;131(3): 866-74
145. Kopp MV, Hamelmann E, Zielen S, et al. Combination of omalizumab and specific immunotherapy is superior to immunotherapy in patients with seasonal allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and co-morbid seasonal allergic asthma. Clin Exp Allergy 2009;39(2):271-9
146. Kopp MV, Hamelmann E, Bendiks M, et al. Transient impact of omalizumab in pollen allergic patients undergoing specific immunotherapy. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2013;24(5):427-33
147. Heine G, Tabeling C, Hartmann B, et al. 25-hydroxvitamin D3 promotes the long-Term effect of specific immunotherapy in a murine allergy model. J Immunol 2014;193(3):1017-23
148. Majak P, Jerzynska J, Smejda K, et al. Correlation of vitamin D with Foxp3 induction and steroid-sparing effect of immunotherapy in asthmatic children. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2012;109(5): 329-35
149. Baris S, Kiykim A, Ozen A, et al. Vitamin D as an adjunct to subcutaneous allergen immunotherapy in asthmatic children sensitized to house dust mite. Allergy 2014; 69(2):246-53