Medicinal plants and other living organisms with antitumor potential against lung cancer

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Volumn 2014, Issue , 2014, Pages

  De Sousa Monteiro, Luara ^a   Bastos, Katherine Xavier ^a   Barbosa Filho, José Maria ^a   De Athayde Filho, Petrônio Filgueiras ^a   De Fátima Formiga Melo Diniz, Margareth ^a   Sobral, Marianna Vieira ^a  

^a FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF PARAÍBA   (Brazil)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT; HERBACEOUS AGENT; NATURAL PRODUCT; PLANT MEDICINAL PRODUCT;

BIOTECHNOLOGICAL PROCEDURES; CHINA; DRUG MECHANISM; ETHIOPIA; HUMAN; JAPAN; LEWIS CARCINOMA; LUNG CANCER; MEDICINAL PLANT; MORBIDITY; MORTALITY; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; QUALITY OF LIFE; REVIEW; SOUTH KOREA;

EID: 84934932235     PISSN: 1741427X     EISSN: 17414288     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1155/2014/604152     Document Type: Review

References (150)

1. J. Luo, N. L. Solimini, and S. J. Elledge, "Principles of cancer therapy: Oncogene and non-oncogene addiction, " Cell, vol. 136, no. 5, pp. 823-837, 2009.
2. D. Hanahan and R. A.Weinberg, "Hallmarks of cancer: The next generation, " Cell, vol. 144, no. 5, pp. 646-674, 2011.
3. D. Hanahan and R. A. Weinberg, "The hallmarks of cancer, " Cell, vol. 100, no. 1, pp. 57-70, 2000.
4. K. Kashfi, "Dysfunctional cell signaling dynamics in oncology: diagnostic, prognostic and treatment opportunities, " Biochemical Pharmacology, vol. 85, no. 5, pp. 595-596, 2013.
5. A. Alwan, D. R. MacLean, L. M. Riley et al., "Monitoring and surveillance of chronic non-communicable diseases: progress and capacity in high-burden countries, "The Lancet, vol. 376, no. 9755, pp. 1861-1868, 2010.
6. J. Ferlay, D. M. Parkin, and E. Steliarova-Foucher, "Estimates of cancer incidence and mortality in Europe in 2008, " European Journal of Cancer, vol. 46, no. 4, pp. 765-781, 2010.
7. IARC, Cancer Incidence andMortalityWorldwide. Cancer Base, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2011.
8. D. W. Ford, K. A. Koch, D. E. Ray, and P. A. Selecky, "Palliative and end-of-life care in lung cancer, " Chest, vol. 143, no. 5, pp. e498S-e512S, 2013.
9. A. J. Alberg, M. V. Brock, J. G. Ford, J. M. Samet, and S. D. Spivack, "Epidemiology of lung cancer: Diagnosis and management of lung cancer, 3rd ed: American college of chest physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines, " Chest, vol. 143, no. 5, pp. 1-29, 2013.
10. W. N. Rom, J. G. Hay, T. C. Lee, Y. Jiang, and K.-M. Tchou-Wong, "Molecular and genetic aspects of lung cancer, "American Journal of Respiratory and Critical CareMedicine, vol. 161, no. 4, pp. 1355-1367, 2000.
11. R. L. M. Duarte and M. E. M. Paschoal, "Marcadores moleculares no ɥancer de pulmao: papel progńostico e sua relaçao com o tabagismo, " Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia, vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 56-65, 2005.
12. A. Jemal, T. Murray, E. Ward et al., "Cancer statistics, 2005, " CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, vol. 55, no. 1, pp. 10-30, 2005.
13. L. West, S. J. Vidwans, N. P. Campbell et al., "A novel classification of lung cancer into molecular subtypes, " PLoS ONE, vol. 7, no. 2, Article ID e31906, 2012.
14. A. K. Greenberg, J. Tsay, K. Tchou-Wong, A. Jorgensen, and W. N. Rom, "Chemoprevention of lung cancer: prospects and disappointments in human clinical trials, " Cancers, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 131-148, 2013.
15. A. T. Shaw, D.-W. Kim, R. Mehra et al., "Ceritinib in ALKrearranged non-small-cell lung cancer, "The New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 370, pp. 1189-1197, 2014.
16. Y. Zhang, D. Yang, L. Weng, and L. Wang, "Early lung cancer diagnosis by biosensors, " International Journal of Molecular Sciences, vol. 14, no. 8, pp. 15479-15509, 2013.
17. R. M. Reddy, M. Kakarala, and M. S. Wicha, "Clinical trial design for testing the stem cell model for the prevention and treatment of cancer, " Cancers, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 2696-2708, 2011.
18. M. Méndez, A. Custodio, and M. Provencio, "New molecular targeted therapies for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer, " Journal of Thoracic Disease, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 30-56, 2011.
19. W. Tan, J. Lu, M. Huang et al., "Anti-cancer natural products isolated from chinese medicinal herbs, " Chinese Medicine, vol. 6, no. 1, article 27, pp. 1-15, 2011.
20. G. M. Cragg and D. J. Newman, "Natural products: A continuing source of novel drug leads, " Biochimica et Biophysica Acta- General Subjects, vol. 1830, no. 6, pp. 3670-3695, 2013.
21. S. Jeong, W. Koh, B. Kim, and S. Kim, "Are there newtherapeutic options for treating lung cancer based on herbal medicines and their metabolites?" Journal of Ethnopharmacology, vol. 138, no. 3, pp. 652-661, 2011.
22. M. A. Richardson and J. D.White, "Complementary/alternative medicine and cancer research: A national initiative, " Cancer Practice, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 45-48, 2000.
23. B. Gerber, C. Scholz, T. Reimer, V. Briese, and W. Janni, "Complementary and alternative therapeutic approaches in patients with early breast cancer: A systematic review, " Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, vol. 95, no. 3, pp. 199-209, 2006.
24. H. H. Sedlacek, "Mechanisms of action of flavopiridol, " Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology, vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 139-170, 2001.
25. S. Kapoor, "Combretastatin A4 and its emerging antineoplastic effects, " Surgery, vol. 153, no. 6, p. 881, 2013.
26. C.-T. Yeh, C.-L. Su, C.-Y. F. Huang et al., "A preclinical evaluation of antimycin a as a potential antilung cancer stem cell agent, " Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, vol. 2013, Article ID 910451, 13 pages, 2013.
27. Y.-T. Tung, H.-L. Chen, C.-Y. Lee et al., "Active component of Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge), Tanshinone I, attenuates lung tumorigenesis via inhibitions of VEGF, Cyclin A, and Cyclin B expressions, " Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, vol. 2013, Article ID319247, 10 pages, 2013.
28. S. Mohan, S. I. Abdelwahab, S. Cheah et al., "Apoptosis effect of girinimbine isolated from Murraya koenigii on lung cancer cells in vitro, " Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, vol. 2013, Article ID 689865, 12 pages, 2013.
29. X. Kang, Z. Xu, Y. Gong et al., "Bufalin reverses HGF-induced resistance to EGFR-TKIs in EGFR mutant lung cancer cells via blockage ofMet/PI3k/Akt Pathway and induction of apoptosis, " Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, vol. 2013, Article ID 243859, 9 pages, 2013.
30. Z.-H. Fei, K. Wu, Y.-L. Chen, B. Wang, S.-R. Zhang, and S.-L. Ma, "Capilliposide isolated from Lysimachia capillipes hemsl. Induces ROS generation, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis in human nonsmall cell lung cancer cell lines, " Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, vol. 2014, Article ID 497456, 11 pages, 2014.
31. S. Samarghandian, A. Borji, S. K. Farahmand, R. Afshari, and S. Davoodi, "Crocus sativus L. (Saffron) stigma aqueous extract induces apoptosis in alveolar human lung cancer cells through caspase-dependent pathways activation, " BioMed Research International, vol. 2013, Article ID 417928, 12 pages, 2013.
32. C.-C. Wu, T.-H. Chen, B.-L. Liu et al., "Destruxin B isolated from entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae induces apoptosis via a Bcl-2 family-dependent mitochondrial pathway in human nonsmall cell lung cancer cells, " Evidence- Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, vol. 2013, Article ID 548929, 11 pages, 2013.
33. B. Y. Kim, J. Lee, S. J. Park, O. S. Bang, and N. S. Kim, "Gene expression profile of the A549 human non-small cell lung carcinoma cell line following treatment with the seeds of descurainia sophia, a potential anticancer drug, " Evidence- Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, vol. 2013, Article ID 584604, 13 pages, 2013.
34. S. Rupachandra and D. V. L. Sarada, "Induction of apoptotic effects of antiproliferative protein from the seeds of borreria hispida on lung cancer (A549) and cervical cancer (HeLa) cell lines, " BioMed Research International, vol. 2014, Article ID 179836, 8 pages, 2014.
35. A. Kowitdamrong, P. Chanvorachote, B. Sritularak, and V. Pongrakhananon, "Moscatilin inhibits lung cancer cell motility and invasion via suppression of endogenous reactive oxygen species, " BioMed Research International, vol. 2013, Article ID 765894, 11 pages, 2013.
36. P. Narrima, M. Paydar, C. Y. Looi et al., "Persea Declinata (Bl.) Kosterm Bark crude extract induces apoptosis in MCF- 7 cells via G0/G1 cell cycle arrest, Bcl-2/Bax/Bcl-xl signaling pathways and ROS generation, " Evidence-Based Complementary and AlternativeMedicine, vol. 2014, Article ID 248103, 14 pages, 2014.
37. Y.-H. Yu, H.-P. Kuo, H.-H. Hsieh et al., "Ganoderma tsugae induces S phase arrest and apoptosis in doxorubicin-resistant lung adenocarcinoma H23/0.3 cells via modulation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, " Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, vol. 2012, Article ID 371286, 13 pages, 2012.
38. F. Li, S. Li, H.-B. Li, G.-F. Deng, W.-H. Ling, and X.-R. Xu, "Antiproliferative activities of tea and herbal infusions, " Food & Function, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 530-538, 2013.
39. C. Kaewpiboon, K. Lirdprapamongkol, C. Srisomsap et al., "Studies of the in vitro cytotoxic, antioxidant, lipase inhibitory and antimicrobial activities of selected Thai medicinal plants, " BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, vol. 12, article 217, 2012.
40. D. Sadava, J. Ahn, M. Zhan, M.-L. Pang, J. Ding, and S. E. Kane, "Effects of four Chinese herbal extracts on drug-sensitive andmultidrug-resistant small-cell lung carcinoma cells, "Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology, vol. 49, no. 4, pp. 261-266, 2002.
41. S. F. Yang, S. C. Chu, S. J. Liu, Y. C. Chen, Y. Z. Chang, and Y. S. Hsieh, "Antimetastatic activities of Selaginella tamariscina (Beauv.) on lung cancer cells in vitroand in vivo, " Journal of Ethnopharmacology, vol. 110, no. 3, pp. 483-489, 2007.
42. C. Yang, Y. Huang, C. Wang et al., "Antiproliferative and antitumorigenic activity of Toona sinensis leaf extracts in lung adenocarcinoma, " Journal of Medicinal Food, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 54-61, 2010.
43. S. Pajaniradje, K. Mohankumar, R. Pamidimukkala, S. Subramanian, and R. Rajagopalan, "Antiproliferative and apoptotic effects of Sesbania grandiflora leaves in human cancer cells, " BioMed Research International, vol. 2014, Article ID 474953, 11 pages, 2014.
44. L. Feng, X.-B. Jia, J. Jiang et al., "Combination of active components enhances the efficacy of Prunella in prevention and treatment of lung cancer, " Molecules, vol. 15, no. 11, pp. 7893- 7906, 2010.
45. B. Y. Kim, J. Lee, S. J. Park, O. S. Bang, and N. S. Kim, "Gene expression profile of the A549 human non-small cell lung carcinoma cell line following treatment with the seeds of descurainia sophia, a potential anticancer drug, " Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, vol. 2013, Article ID 584604, 13 pages, 2013.
46. J. W. Hwang, J. H. Oh, H.-S. Yoo et al., "Mountain ginseng extract exhibits anti-lung cancer activity by inhibiting the nuclear translocation of NF-KappaB, " The American Journal of Chinese Medicine, vol. 40, no. 1, pp. 187-202, 2012.
47. E.-C. Kim, J.-K. Min, T.-Y. Kim et al., " [6]-Gingerol, a pungent ingredient of ginger, inhibits angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo, " Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, vol. 335, no. 2, pp. 300-308, 2005.
48. D. R. Avisetti, K. S. Babu, and S. V. Kalivendi, "Activation of p38/JNK pathway is responsible for embelin induced apoptosis in lung cancer cells: Transitional role of reactive oxygen species, " PLoS ONE, vol. 9, no. 1, Article ID e87050, 2014.
49. S. Mohan, S. I. Abdelwahab, S. C. Cheah et al., "Apoptosis effect of girinimbine isolated from Murraya koenigii on lung cancer cells in vitro, " Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, vol. 2013, Article ID 689865, 12 pages, 2013.
50. Z.-H. Fei, K. Wu, Y.-L. Chen, B. Wang, S.-R. Zhang, and S.-L. Ma, "Capilliposide isolated from Lysimachia capillipes Hemsl. Induces ROS generation, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis in human nonsmall cell lung cancer cell lines, " Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, vol. 2014, Article ID 497456, 11 pages, 2014.
51. J. Gao, H. Zhao, P. J. Hylands, and O. Corcoran, "Secondary metabolite mapping identifies Scutellaria inhibitors of human lung cancer cells, " Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, vol. 53, no. 3, pp. 723-728, 2010.
52. J. Hung, C. Wen, Y. Hsu et al., "Subamolide a induces mitotic catastrophe accompanied by apoptosis in human lung cancer cells, " Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, vol. 2013, Article ID 828143, 15 pages, 2013.
53. C.-S. Lin, Y.-J. Chen, J. J.W. Chen et al., "Terpinen-4-ol induces apoptosis in human nonsmall cell lung cancer in vitro and in vivo, " Evidence-Based Complementary andAlternative Medicine, vol. 2012, Article ID818261, 13 pages, 2012.
54. A. Cheng, W. Chang, Y. Cheng, K. Chen, and T. Chang, "The effects of davallic acid from Davallia divaricata blume on apoptosis induction in A549 lung cancer cells, " Molecules, vol. 17, no. 11, pp. 12938-12949, 2012.
55. W. Zheng, X. Gao, C. Chen, and R. Tan, "Total flavonoids of Daphne genkwa root significantly inhibit the growth and metastasis of Lewis lung carcinoma in C57BL6 mice, " International Immunopharmacology, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 117-127, 2007.
56. W. Li, Y.Yang, Z. Ouyang et al., "Xiao-Ai-Ping, a TCMinjection, enhances the antigrowth effects of cisplatin on lewis lung cancer cells through promoting the infiltration and function of CD8+ T Lymphocytes, " Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, vol. 2013, Article ID 879512, 9 pages, 2013.
57. S.-Y. Han, H.-R. Ding, W. Zhao, F. Teng, and P.-P. Li, "Enhancement of gefitinib-induced growth inhibition by Marsdenia tenacissima extract in non-small cell lung cancer cells expressing wild or mutant EGFR, " BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, vol. 14, article 165, 2014.
58. A. I. Calderón, C. Terreaux, M. P. Gupta, and K. Hostettmann, "In vitro cytotoxicity of 11 Panamanian plants, " Fitoterapia, vol. 74, no. 4, pp. 378-383, 2003.
59. K. Pinmai, S. Chunlaratthanabhorn, C. Ngamkitidechakul, N. Soonthornchareon, and C. Hahnvajanawong, "Synergistic growth inhibitory effects of Phyllanthus emblica and Terminalia bellerica extracts with conventional cytotoxic agents: doxorubicin and cisplatin against human hepatocellular carcinoma and lung cancer cells, "World Journal of Gastroenterology, vol. 14, no. 10, pp. 1491-1497, 2008.
60. S. Liu, X.-M. Wang, and G.-W. Yang, "Action mechanism of fuzheng fangai pill combined with cyclophosphamide on tumor metastasis and growth, " Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, vol. 2014, Article ID494528, 11 pages, 2014.
61. X. Xu, Y. Zhang, D. Qu et al., "Combined anticancer activity of osthole and cisplatin in NCI-H460 lung cancer cells in vitro, " Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 707- 710, 2013.
62. M. McCulloch, C. See, X. Shu et al., "Astragalus-based Chinese herbs and platinum-based chemotherapy for advanced nonsmall- cell lung cancer: meta-analysis of randomized trials, " Journal of Clinical Oncology, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 419-430, 2006.
63. Y. Z. Chen, Z. D. Li, F. Gao, Y. Zhang, H. Sun, and P. P. Li, "Effects of combined Chinese drugs and chemotherapy in treating advanced non-small cell lung cancer, " Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine, vol. 15, no. 6, pp. 415-419, 2009.
64. A. K. Babu, A. Templeton, A. Munshi, and R. Ramesh, "Nanoparticle- based drug delivery for therapy of lung cancer: progress and challenges, " Progress and Challenges, vol. 2013, Article ID 863951, 11 pages, 2013.
65. "Liposomal cisplatin ( Nanoplatin ) for advanced non-small cell lung cancer-first line (2012), " http://www.hsc.nihr.ac.uk/topics/liposomal-cisplatin-nanoplatin-for-advanced-non-sm/.
66. M. Chen, J. Zhang, S. Yu et al., "Anti-lung-cancer activity and liposome-based delivery systems of β-elemene, " Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, vol. 2012, Article ID 259523, 5 pages, 2012.
67. A. R. Khuda-Bukhsh, S. Paul, S. S. Bhattacharyya, and N. Boujedaini, "Anticancer potentials of root extract of Polygala senega and its PLGA nanoparticles-encapsulated form, " Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, vol. 2011, Article ID 517204, 13 pages, 2011.
68. J. S. Silva, M. D. Moura, R. A. G. Oliveira, M. F. F. Diniz, and J.M. Barbosa-Filho, "Natural product inhibitors of ovarian neoplasia, " Phytomedicine, vol. 10, no. 2-3, pp. 221-232, 2003.
69. J. E. R.Honório-Júnior, P. M. Soares, C. L. Melo et al., "Atividade farmacoĺogica da monocrotalina isolada de plantas do genero Crotalaria, " Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 453-458, 2010.
70. R. N. Almeida, D. S. Navarro, and J. M. Barbosa-Filho, "Plants with central analgesic activity, " Phytomedicine, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 310-322, 2001.
71. H. S. Falcão, J. A. Leite, J. M. Barbosa-Filho et al., "Gastric and duodenal antiulcer activity of alkaloids: A review, "Molecules, vol. 13, no. 12, pp. 3198-3223, 2008.
72. N. Z. T. de Jesus, H. de Souza Falcão, I. F.Gomes et al., "Tannins, peptic ulcers and related mechanisms, " International Journal of Molecular Sciences, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 3203-3228, 2012.
73. L. G. Rocha, J. R. G. S. Almeida, R. O. Maɥedo, and J. M. Barbosa-Filho, "A review of natural products with antileishmanial activity, " Phytomedicine, vol. 12, no. 6-7, pp. 514-535, 2005.
74. G. R. M. Lima, C. A. Montenegro, C. L. F. Almeida, P. F. Athayde-Filho, J. M. Barbosa-Filho, and L. M. Batista, "Database survey of anti-inflammatory plants in South America: A review, " International Journal ofMolecular Sciences, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 2692-2749, 2011.
75. H. S. Falcão, I. R. Mariath, M. F. F. M. Diniz, L. M. Batista, and J. M. Barbosa-Filho, "Plants of the American continent with antiulcer activity, " Phytomedicine, vol. 15, no. 1-2, pp. 132-146, 2008.
76. K. S. L. de-Mota, G. E. N. Dias, M. E. F. Pinto et al., "Flavonoids with gastroprotective activity, "Molecules, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 979- 1012, 2009.
77. A. L. Souto, J. F. Tavares, M. S. da-Silva, M. F. F. M. de-Diniz, P. F. de-Athayde-Filho, and J.M. Barbosa-Filho, "Anti-inflammatory activity of alkaloids: An update from 2000 to 2010, " Molecules, vol. 16, no. 10, pp. 8515-8534, 2011.
78. M. D. F. Agra, K. N. Silva, I. J. L. D. Basílio, P. F. De-Freitas, and J.M. Barbosa-Filho, "Survey ofmedicinal plants used in the regionNortheast of Brazil, " Brazilian Journal of Pharmacognosy, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 472-508, 2008.
79. F. L. Silva, D. C. H. Fischer, J. F. Tavares, M. S. Silva, P. F. De-Athayde-Filho, and J. M. Barbosa-Filho, "Compilation of secondary metabolites from Bidens pilosa L, " Molecules, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 1070-1102, 2011.
80. L. J. Quintans Jr., J. R. G. S. Almeida, J. T. Lima et al., "Plants with anticonvulsant properties-a review, " Brazilian Journal of Pharmacognosy, vol. 18, pp. 798-819, 2008.
81. F. C. F. Sousa, C. T. V. Melo, M. C. O. Citó et al., "Plantas medicinais e seus constituintes bioativos: Uma revisão da bioatividade e potenciais benefícios nos disturbios da ansiedade em modelos animais, " Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 642-654, 2008.
82. J. R. Filho, H. de Sousa Falcão, L. M. Batista, J. M. B. Filho, and M. R. Piuvezam, "Effects of plant extracts on HIV-1 protease, " Current HIV Research, vol. 8, no. 7, pp. 531-544, 2010.
83. J. M. Barbosa-Filho, A. A. Alencar, X. P.Nunes et al., "Sources of alpha-, beta-, gamma-, delta- And epsilon-carotenes: A twentieth century review, " Brazilian Journal of Pharmacognosy, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 135-154, 2008.
84. C. L. F. de Almeida, H. D. S. Falcão, G. R. D. M. Lima et al., "Bioactivities from marine algae of the genus Gracilaria, " International Journal of Molecular Sciences, vol. 12, no. 7, pp. 4550-4573, 2011.
85. V. F. Veiga Junior, A. C. Pinto, and M. A. M. Maciel, "Plantas medicinais: segura?" Química Nova, vol. 28, pp. 519-528, 2005.
86. Y. S. Yun, Y. S. Lee, S. K. Jo, and I. S. Jung, "Inhibition of autochthonous tumor by ethanol insoluble fraction from Panax ginseng as an immunomodulator, " Planta Medica, vol. 59, no. 6, pp. 521-524, 1993.
87. S. M. Kupchan, R. J. Hemingway, P. Coggon, A. T. McPhail, and G. A. Sim, "Crotepoxide, a novel cyclohexane diepoxide tumor inhibitor from Croton macrostachys, " Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol. 90, no. 11, pp. 2982-2983, 1968.
88. Y. Kimura, K. Baba, and H. Okuda, "Inhibitory effects of active substances isolated from Cassia garrettiana heartwood on tumor growth and lung metastasis in lewis lung carcinomabearing mice (Part 1), " Anticancer Research, vol. 20, no. 5, pp. 2899-2906, 2000.
89. Y. Kimura, K. Baba, and H. Okuda, "Inhibitory effects of active substances isolated from Cassia garrettiana heartwood on tumor growth and lung metastasis in Lewis lung carcinomabearing mice (part 2), " Anticancer Research, vol. 20, no. 5, pp. 2923-2930, 2000.
90. E. Furusawa and S. Furusawa, "Anticancer activity of a natural product, viva-natural, extracted from Undaria pinnantifida on intraperitoneally implanted Lewis lung carcinoma, " Oncology, vol. 42, no. 6, pp. 364-369, 1985.
91. E. Furusawa and S. Furusawa, "Anticancer potential of Viva- Natural, a dietary seaweed extract, on Lewis lung carcinoma in comparison with chemical immunomodulators and on cyclosporine-accelerated AKR leukemia, " Oncology, vol. 46, no. 5, pp. 343-349, 1989.
92. E. Furusawa and S. Furusawa, "Antitumor potential of low-dose chemotherapy manifested in combination with immunotherapy of viva-natural, a dietary seaweed extract, on Lewis lung carcinoma, " Cancer Letters, vol. 50, no. 1, pp. 71-78, 1990.
93. Z. Q. Wang, Y. M. Chen, G. W. Jin, and S. S. Lin, "Combined therapy of brain metastasis in lung cancer, " Chinese Journal of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, vol. 1, pp. 36-38, 1995.
94. S. C. Wu, "Preoperative intravenous drip of an anti-tumor Chinese herb preparation, Brucea javanica oil emulsion (YaDan Zi Emulsion) for lung cancer, " Shang-Hai I Hsueh, vol. 14, pp. 273-275, 1991.
95. S. M. Kupchan and H. L. Kopperman, "l-Usnic acid: Tumor inhibitor isolated fromlichens, " Experientia, vol. 31, no. 6, p. 625, 1975.
96. T. A. Khwaja, C. B. Dias, and S. Pentecost, "Recent studies on the anticancer activities of mistletoe (Viscum album) and its alkaloids, " Oncology, vol. 43, no. 1, pp. 42-50, 1986.
97. N. Zarkovic, S. Mang, T. Vukovic et al., "An overview on anticancer activities of the ViscumAlbumextract Isorel, " Cancer Biotherapy and Radiopharmaceuticals, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 55-62, 2001.
98. J. M. Braun, H. L. Ko, J.M. Schierholz, D.Weir, C. C. Blackwell, and J. Beuth, "Application of standardized mistletoe extracts augment immune response and down regulates metastatic organ colonization in murine models, " Cancer Letters, vol. 170, no. 1, pp. 25-31, 2001.
99. G. Bar-Sela, M. Wollner, L. Hammer, A. Agbarya, E. Dudnik, and N. Haim, "Mistletoe as complementary treatment in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer treated with carboplatin-based combinations: A randomised phase II study, " European Journal of Cancer, vol. 49, no. 5, pp. 1058-1064, 2013.
100. G. W. Bradley and A. Clover, "Apparent response of small cell lung cancer to an extract of mistletoe and homoeopathic treatment, " Thorax, vol. 44, no. 12, pp. 1047-1048, 1989.
101. K. Noda, N. Ohno, K. Tanaka et al., "A new type of biological response modifier from Chlorella vulgaris which needs protein moiety to show an antitumour activity, " Phytotherapy Research, vol. 12, no. 5, pp. 309-319, 1998.
102. S. B. Han, C. W. Lee, Y. J. Jeon et al., "The inhibitory effect of polysaccharides isolated fromPhellinus linteus on tumor growth and metastasis, " Immunopharmacology, vol. 41, no. 2, pp. 157- 164, 1999.
103. E. Kyo, N. Uda, A. Suzuki et al., "Immunomodulation and antitumor activities of aged garlic extract, " Phytomedicine, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 259-267, 1998.
104. E. Kyo, N. Uda, S. Kasuga, Y. Itakura, and H. Sumiyoshi, "Garlic as an immunostimulant, " in Immunomodulatory Agents from Plants, H. Wagner, Ed., pp. 273-288, Birkhäuser, Basel, Switzerland, 1999.
105. A. Staniszewski, B. Slesak, J. Kolodziej, A. Harlozinska-Szmyrka, and J. W. Nowicky, "Lymphocyte subsets in patients with lung cancer treated with thiophosphoric acid alkaloid derivatives from Chelidonium majus L. (Ukrain), " Drugs under Experimental and Clinical Research, vol. 18, no. 63, pp. 63-67, 1992.
106. S. S. M. Kumara and B. T. K. Huat, "Extraction, isolation and characterisation of antitumor principle, α-hederin, from the seeds of Nigella sativa, " Planta Medica, vol. 67, no. 1, pp. 29-32, 2001.
107. School of Hygiene, Report of Treatment for Lung Carcinoma Using Manshanxiang Complex, In-house Publication, Yuxi District, China, 1980.
108. G-H. Xu, Z. Yang, G-H. Zhou, and T-H. He, Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs, vol. 15, no. 3, p. 432, 1984.
109. J. Liu, M. Huang, and Y. Tao, "Anwuweizonic acid and manwuweizic acid, the putative anticancer active principle of Schisandra propinqua, " Canadian Journal of Chemistry, vol. 66, no. 3, pp. 414-415, 1988.
110. L. Mishra, B. B. Singh, and S. Dagenais, "Scientific basis for the therapeutic use of Withania somnifera (ashwagandha): A review, " Alternative Medicine Review, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 334-346, 2000.
111. N. Singh, P. Verma, B. R. Pandey, and M. Gilca, "Role of withania somnifera in prevention and treatment of cancer: An overview, " International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 274-279, 2011.
112. M. D. Brown, "Green tea (Camellia sinensis) extract and its possible role in the prevention of cancer, " Alternative Medicine Review, vol. 4, no. 5, pp. 360-370, 1999.
113. J.-M. Yuan, "Cancer prevention by green tea: evidence fromepidemiologic studies, "The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol. 98, no. 6, pp. 1676S-1781S, 2013.
114. G. Yang, Z. Wang, S. Kim et al., "Characterization of early pulmonary hyperproliferation and tumor progression and their inhibition by black tea in a 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3- pyridyl)-1-butanone-induced lung tumorigenesis model with A/J mice, " Cancer Research, vol. 57, no. 10, pp. 1889-1894, 1997.
115. H. Saitoh, W. Feng, T. Matsuzawa, and T. Ikekawa, "Antitumor activity of Hypsizigus marmoreus. II. preventive effect against lungmetastasis of Lewis lung carcinoma, " Yakugaku Zasshi, vol. 117, no. 12, pp. 1006-1010, 1997.
116. E. Furusawa, S. C. Chou, S. Furusawa, A. Hirazumi, and Y. Dang, "Antitumour activity of Ganoderma lucidum, an edible mushroom, on intraperitoneally implanted Lewis lung carcinoma in synergenic mice, " Phytotherapy Research, vol. 6, no. 6, pp. 300-304, 1992.
117. Y. Kimura, M. Taniguchi, and K. Baba, "Antitumor and antimetastatic effects on liver of triterpenoid fractions of Ganoderma lucidum: mechanism of action and isolation of an active substance, " Anticancer Research, vol. 22, no. 6A, pp. 3309-3318, 2002.
118. Y. Yu, H. Kuo, H. Hsieh et al., "Ganoderma tsugae induces S phase arrest and apoptosis in doxorubicin-resistant lung adenocarcinoma H23/0.3 cells via modulation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, " Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, vol. 2012, Article ID 371286, 13 pages, 2012.
119. S. Curic, Z. Tadic, I. Valpotic, D. Sulimanovic, and I. Basic, "The effect of bee venom on tumor growth and metastasis formation of mammary carcinoma in CBA mice, " Veterinarski Arhiv, vol. 62, pp. S31-S35, 1992.
120. B. Sokoloff, "The oncostatic and oncolytic factors present in certain plants., " Oncology, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 49-60, 1968.
121. M. P. Chitnis, K. G. Bhatia, M. K. Phatak, and K. V. K. Rao, "Anti-tumour activity of the extract of Semecarpus anacardium L. nuts in experimental tumour models, " Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 6-8, 1980.
122. M. P. Chitnis, K. G. Bhatia, and M. K. Phatak, "Anti-tumour activity of the methanol extract Ervatamia heyneana (NSC B668619), " Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, vol. 17, no. 2, p. 212, 1979.
123. F. K. Dzhioev, "Influence of extract of eleutherococcus on urethane-induced lung adenomas in mice, " Voprosy Onkologii, vol. 11, no. 9, pp. 51-54, 1965.
124. T. K. Yun, Y. S. Yun, and I. W. Han, "An experimental study on tumor inhibitory effect of red ginseng in mice and rats exposed to various chemical carcinogens, " in Proceedings of the 3rd International Ginseng Symposium, pp. 87-113, Seoul, Republic of Korea, 1980.
125. M. L. Dhar, M. M. Dhar, B. N. Dhawan, B. N. Mehrotra, and C. Ray, "Screening of Indian plants for biological activity: I., " Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 232- 247, 1968.
126. G. R. Ickes, H. H. Fong, P. L. Schiff Jr., R. E. Perdue Jr., and N. R. Farnsworth, "Antitumor activity and preliminary phytochemical examination of Tagetes minuta (Compositae), " Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, vol. 62, no. 6, pp. 1009-1011, 1973.
127. S. M. Kupchan, Y. Komoda, W. A. Court et al., "Tumor inhibitors. LXXIII. Maytansine, a novel antileukemic ansa macralide from Maytenus ovatus, " Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol. 94, no. 4, pp. 1354-1356, 1972.
128. N. R. Farnsworth, H. Wagner, L. Hörhammer, H. P. Hörrhammer, and H. H. S. Fong, "Euphorbia esula L. (Euphorbiaceae). I. Preliminary phytochemical and biological evaluation, " Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, vol. 57, no. 6, pp. 933-939, 1968.
129. S. M. Kupchan, I. Uchida, A. R. Branfman, R. G. Dailey Jr., and B. Y. Fei, "Antileukemic principles isolated from Euphorbiaceae plants, " Science, vol. 191, no. 4227, pp. 571-572, 1976.
130. J. Shentu, P. Wei, A. Wang et al., "A study of the antitumor effect of Euphorbia fischeriana steud on mice with induced tumor, " Chinese Journal of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, vol. 4, pp. 46-47, 1984.
131. A. J. Charlson, "Antineoplastic constituents of some Southern African plants, " Journal of Ethnopharmacology, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 323-335, 1980.
132. S.M. Kupchan, C.W. Sigel, M. J. Matz, J. A. S. Renauld, R. C. Haltiwanger, and R. F. Bryan, "Jatrophone, a novel macrocyclic diterpenoid tumor inhibitor from Jatropha gossypiifolia [16], " Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol. 92, no. 14, pp. 4476-4477, 1970.
133. R. E. Perdue Jr., "KB cell culture: I. Role in discovery of antitumor agents fromhigher plants, " Journal of Natural Products, vol. 45, no. 4, pp. 418-426, 1982.
134. C. Yang, W. Lu, and J. Niu, "Studies on the antitumor action of xiangshenboheyou (a mixture composed of Pelargonium graveolens and Sophora flavescens and other herbs), " Chung Ts'ao Yao, vol. 14, no. 9, pp. 409-410, 1983.
135. S. Lee, Y. Wei, C. Chen, S. Wang, and K. Chen, "Antitumor effects of Ganoderma lucidum, "The Journal of Chinese Medicine, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 1-12, 1995.
136. B. Min, H. Lee, K. Bae, J. Gao, N. Nakamura, and M. Hattori, "Antitumor activity of culturedmycelia ofGanoderma lucidum, " Natural Product Sciences, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 52-55, 2002.
137. A.M. Burger, U. Mengs, J. B. Schüler, and H. Fiebig, "Anticancer activity of an aqueous mistletoe extract (AME) in syngeneic murine tumor models, " Anticancer Research, vol. 21, no. 3B, pp. 1965-1968, 2001.
138. Y. Cheng, S. Lee, H. Harn, H. Huang, and W. Chang, "The extract ofHibiscus syriacus inducing apoptosis by activating p53 and AIF in human lung cancer cells, " The American Journal of Chinese Medicine, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 171-184, 2008.
139. A. Ulubelen and J. R. Cole, "Proteinaceous antitumor substances from plantsMirabilis multiflora, " Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, vol. 55, no. 12, pp. 1368-1370, 1966.
140. R. Perdue Jr., R. Smith, M. Wall, J. Hartwell, and B. Abbott, "Camptotheca acuminata (Nyssaceae). Source of camptothecin, an antileukemic alkaloid, " Technical Bulletin 1415, ARS, USDA, Washington, DC, USA, 1970.
141. G. J. Persinos, M. W. Quimby, A. R. Mott et al., "Studies on Nigerian plants: III. Biological and phytochemical screening of Lophira lanceolata, and the isolation of benzamide, " Planta Medica, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 361-365, 1967.
142. J. J. Barchi Jr., R. E. Moore, and G. M. L. Patterson, "Acutiphycin and 20, 21-didehydroacutiphycin, new antineoplastic agents from the cyanophyte Oscillatoria acutissima, " Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol. 106, no. 26, pp. 8193-8197, 1984.
143. Anonymous, "Polysaccharide neoplasm inhibitors from mollusks, " Patent-Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho-82 18, 620, Patent Microbiochemical Research Found, Tokyo, Japan, 1982.
144. A. Hirazumi, E. Furusawa, S. C. Chou, and Y. Hokama, "Immunomodulation contributes to the anticancer activity of Morinda citrifolia (Noni) fruit juice, " Proceedings of theWestern Pharmacology Society, vol. 39, pp. 7-9, 1996.
145. J. Loder and G. Russell, "Tumor inhibitory plants. The alkaloids of Bruguiera sexangula and Bruguiera exaristata (Rhizophoraceae), " Australian Journal of Chemistry, vol. 22, no. 6, pp. 1271-1275, 1969.
146. B. Hu, N. Yang, W. Liu, H. Sha, and D. Yu, "Estimation of integrations of various functional groups of Brucea javanica (L.) Merr. Oil, " Bopuxue Zazhi, vol. 8, pp. 433-440, 1991.
147. S. Y. Su, "Treatment of lung cancer with brain metastasis using an intravenous drip of a 10% emulsion of Brucea javanica seminal oil, " Chinese Journal of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 86-88, 1985.
148. S. Singh, D. Singh, M. Gupta, N. Singh, and R. Kohli, "An experimental evaluation of antitumor activity of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) and Geriforte, " Indian Journal of Pharmacology, vol. 11, no. 65b, 1979.
149. Y. Jiang, J. Chen, Z. Wu, L. Lin, and S. Feng, "Inhibitory effect of tea polyphenol on mice lung cancer induced by diethylstilbestrol combined with urethane, " Weisheng Dulixue Zazhi, vol. 12, pp. 7-9, 1998.
150. H. Nanba, K. Mori, T. Toyomasu, and H. Kuroda, "Antitumor action of shiitake (Lentinus edodes) fruit bodies orally administered to mice, " Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, vol. 35, no. 6, pp. 2453-2458, 1987.