메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 78, Issue 6, 2014, Pages 852-868

Working memory and executive functions: effects of training on academic achievement

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACHIEVEMENT; ADULT; ATTENTION; CHILD; COGNITION; EDUCATIONAL STATUS; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; HUMAN; LEARNING; PHYSIOLOGY; SHORT TERM MEMORY;

EID: 84931201717     PISSN: 03400727     EISSN: 14302772     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00426-013-0537-1     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (258)

References (167)
  • 1
    • 0031092425 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intelligence, personality, and interests: Evidence for overlapping traits
    • PID: 9100487
    • Ackerman, P. L., & Heggestad, E. D. (1997). Intelligence, personality, and interests: Evidence for overlapping traits. Psychological Bulletin,121(2), 219–245.
    • (1997) Psychological Bulletin , vol.121 , Issue.2 , pp. 219-245
    • Ackerman, P.L.1    Heggestad, E.D.2
  • 2
    • 77649190198 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Executive functions underlying multiplicative reasoning: Problem type matters
    • PID: 19913238
    • Agostino, A., Johnson, J., & Pascual-Leone, J. (2010). Executive functions underlying multiplicative reasoning: Problem type matters. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology,105(4), 286–305.
    • (2010) Journal of Experimental Child Psychology , vol.105 , Issue.4 , pp. 286-305
    • Agostino, A.1    Johnson, J.2    Pascual-Leone, J.3
  • 4
    • 67649359996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Working memory, but not IQ, predicts subsequent learning in children with learning difficulties
    • Alloway, T. (2009). Working memory, but not IQ, predicts subsequent learning in children with learning difficulties. European Journal of Psychological Assessment,25(2), 92–98.
    • (2009) European Journal of Psychological Assessment , vol.25 , Issue.2 , pp. 92-98
    • Alloway, T.1
  • 5
    • 84872087204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can interactive working memory training improving learning?
    • Alloway, T. (2012). Can interactive working memory training improving learning? Journal of Interactive Learning Research,23(3), 197–207.
    • (2012) Journal of Interactive Learning Research , vol.23 , Issue.3 , pp. 197-207
    • Alloway, T.1
  • 6
    • 77649187753 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Investigating the predictive roles of working memory and IQ in academic attainment
    • PID: 20018296
    • Alloway, T., & Alloway, R. (2010). Investigating the predictive roles of working memory and IQ in academic attainment. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology,106(1), 20–29.
    • (2010) Journal of Experimental Child Psychology , vol.106 , Issue.1 , pp. 20-29
    • Alloway, T.1    Alloway, R.2
  • 7
    • 84872475386 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Computerized working memory training: Can it lead to gains in cognitive skills in students?
    • Alloway, T., Bibile, V., & Lau, G. (2013). Computerized working memory training: Can it lead to gains in cognitive skills in students? Computers in Human Behavior,29(3), 632–638.
    • (2013) Computers in Human Behavior , vol.29 , Issue.3 , pp. 632-638
    • Alloway, T.1    Bibile, V.2    Lau, G.3
  • 9
    • 78650516398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship between working memory, IQ, and mathematical skills in children
    • Alloway, T., & Passolunghi, M. (2011). The relationship between working memory, IQ, and mathematical skills in children. Learning and Individual Differences,21(1), 133–137.
    • (2011) Learning and Individual Differences , vol.21 , Issue.1 , pp. 133-137
    • Alloway, T.1    Passolunghi, M.2
  • 10
    • 46249105010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Working memory as a predictor of written arithmetical skills in children: The importance of central executive functions
    • PID: 17535520
    • Andersson, U. (2008). Working memory as a predictor of written arithmetical skills in children: The importance of central executive functions. British Journal of Educational Psychology,78(2), 181–203.
    • (2008) British Journal of Educational Psychology , vol.78 , Issue.2 , pp. 181-203
    • Andersson, U.1
  • 12
    • 0034333066 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The episodic buffer: A new component of working memory?
    • PID: 11058819
    • Baddeley, A. D. (2000). The episodic buffer: A new component of working memory? Trends in Cognitive Sciences,4(11), 417–423.
    • (2000) Trends in Cognitive Sciences , vol.4 , Issue.11 , pp. 417-423
    • Baddeley, A.D.1
  • 13
    • 84882481374 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Working Memory: An overview
    • Pickering S, (ed), Academic Press Inc, Chicago:
    • Baddeley, A. D. (2006). Working Memory: An overview. In S. Pickering (Ed.), Working memory and education (pp. 1–31). Chicago: Academic Press Inc.
    • (2006) Working memory and education , pp. 1-31
    • Baddeley, A.D.1
  • 14
    • 0031607784 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The phonological loop as a language learning device
    • PID: 9450375
    • Baddeley, A., Gathercole, S., & Papagno, C. (1998). The phonological loop as a language learning device. Psychological Review,105(1), 158.
    • (1998) Psychological Review , vol.105 , Issue.1 , pp. 158
    • Baddeley, A.1    Gathercole, S.2    Papagno, C.3
  • 15
    • 77956965422 scopus 로고
    • Working memory. In G. H. Bower (Ed.), The Psychology of learning and motivation. Advances in research and theory (pp
    • New York: Academic Press
    • Baddeley, A. D., & Hitch, G. J. (1974). Working memory. In G. H. Bower (Ed.), The Psychology of learning and motivation. Advances in research and theory (pp. 47–89). New York: Academic Press.
    • (1974) 47–89)
    • Baddeley, A.D.1    Hitch, G.J.2
  • 16
    • 0000142929 scopus 로고
    • Further testing of limits of cognitive plasticity: Negative age differences in a mnemonic skill are robust
    • Baltes, P. B., & Kliegl, R. (1992). Further testing of limits of cognitive plasticity: Negative age differences in a mnemonic skill are robust. Developmental Psychology,28, 121–125.
    • (1992) Developmental Psychology , vol.28 , pp. 121-125
    • Baltes, P.B.1    Kliegl, R.2
  • 17
    • 19944362234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Working memory and children’s use of retrieval to solve addition problems
    • PID: 15925643
    • Barrouillet, P., & Lépine, R. (2005). Working memory and children’s use of retrieval to solve addition problems. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology,91(3), 183–204.
    • (2005) Journal of Experimental Child Psychology , vol.91 , Issue.3 , pp. 183-204
    • Barrouillet, P.1    Lépine, R.2
  • 18
    • 40649116140 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Working memory and arithmetic calculation in children: the contributory roles of processing speed, short-term memory, and reading
    • PID: 18242631
    • Berg, D. (2008). Working memory and arithmetic calculation in children: the contributory roles of processing speed, short-term memory, and reading. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology,99, 288–308.
    • (2008) Journal of Experimental Child Psychology , vol.99 , pp. 288-308
    • Berg, D.1
  • 19
    • 31044439251 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Training effects on dual-task performance: Are there age-related differences in plasticity of attentional control?
    • PID: 16420143
    • Bherer, L., Kramer, A. F., Peterson, M. S., Colcombe, S., Erickson, K., & Becic, E. (2005). Training effects on dual-task performance: Are there age-related differences in plasticity of attentional control? Psychology and Aging,20, 695–700.
    • (2005) Psychology and Aging , vol.20 , pp. 695-700
    • Bherer, L.1    Kramer, A.F.2    Peterson, M.S.3    Colcombe, S.4    Erickson, K.5    Becic, E.6
  • 20
    • 45849147018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transfer effects in task-set cost and dual-task cost after dual-task training in older and younger adults: further evidence for cognitive plasticity in attentional control in late adulthood
    • PID: 18568979
    • Bherer, L., Kramer, A. F., Peterson, M. S., Colcombe, S., Erickson, K., & Becic, E. (2008). Transfer effects in task-set cost and dual-task cost after dual-task training in older and younger adults: further evidence for cognitive plasticity in attentional control in late adulthood. Experimental Aging Research,34, 188–219.
    • (2008) Experimental Aging Research , vol.34 , pp. 188-219
    • Bherer, L.1    Kramer, A.F.2    Peterson, M.S.3    Colcombe, S.4    Erickson, K.5    Becic, E.6
  • 21
    • 0002900372 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The development of memory strategies
    • Cowan N, Hulme C, (eds), Psychology Press, Sussex, UK:
    • Bjorklund, D. F., & Douglas, R. N. (1997). The development of memory strategies. In N. Cowan & C. Hulme (Eds.), The development of memory in childhood (pp. 201–246). Sussex, UK: Psychology Press.
    • (1997) The development of memory in childhood , pp. 201-246
    • Bjorklund, D.F.1    Douglas, R.N.2
  • 22
    • 33947500944 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relating effortful control, executive function, and false belief understanding to emerging math and literacy ability in kindergarten
    • PID: 17381795
    • Blair, C., & Razza, R. P. (2007). Relating effortful control, executive function, and false belief understanding to emerging math and literacy ability in kindergarten. Child Development,78, 647–663.
    • (2007) Child Development , vol.78 , pp. 647-663
    • Blair, C.1    Razza, R.P.2
  • 23
    • 21444456764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the association between phonological memory and receptive vocabulary in five-year-olds
    • PID: 8812028
    • Bowey, J. A. (1996). On the association between phonological memory and receptive vocabulary in five-year-olds. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology,63, 44–78.
    • (1996) Journal of Experimental Child Psychology , vol.63 , pp. 44-78
    • Bowey, J.A.1
  • 24
    • 33947523213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Memory plasticity across the life span: Uncovering children’s latent potential
    • PID: 17352553
    • Brehmer, Y., Li, S. C., Mueller, V., von Oertzen, T. V., & Lindenberger, U. (2007). Memory plasticity across the life span: Uncovering children’s latent potential. Developmental Psychology,43(2), 465–477.
    • (2007) Developmental Psychology , vol.43 , Issue.2 , pp. 465-477
    • Brehmer, Y.1    Li, S.C.2    Mueller, V.3    von Oertzen, T.V.4    Lindenberger, U.5
  • 25
    • 84933674934 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Working-memory training in younger and older adults: Training gains, transfer, and maintenance
    • PID: 22470330
    • Brehmer, Y., Westerberg, H., & Bäckman, L. (2012). Working-memory training in younger and older adults: Training gains, transfer, and maintenance. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience,6, 63.
    • (2012) Frontiers in Human Neuroscience , vol.6 , pp. 63
    • Brehmer, Y.1    Westerberg, H.2    Bäckman, L.3
  • 26
    • 84882558810 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Working memory, executive functioning and Children’s mathematics
    • Pickering S, (ed), Academic Press Inc, Chicago:
    • Bull, R., & Espy, K. (2006). Working memory, executive functioning and Children’s mathematics. In S. Pickering (Ed.), Working memory and education (pp. 93–123). Chicago: Academic Press Inc.
    • (2006) Working memory and education , pp. 93-123
    • Bull, R.1    Espy, K.2
  • 27
    • 45149088802 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Short-term memory, working memory, and executive functioning in preschoolers: Longitudinal predictors of mathematical achievement at age 7 years
    • PID: 18473197
    • Bull, R., Espy, K., & Wiebe, S. (2008). Short-term memory, working memory, and executive functioning in preschoolers: Longitudinal predictors of mathematical achievement at age 7 years. Developmental Neuropsychology,33(3), 205–228.
    • (2008) Developmental Neuropsychology , vol.33 , Issue.3 , pp. 205-228
    • Bull, R.1    Espy, K.2    Wiebe, S.3
  • 29
    • 10844237121 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Individual differences in the inference of word meanings from context: The influence of reading comprehension, vocabulary knowledge, and memory capacity
    • Cain, K., Oakhill, J., & Bryant, P. (2004). Individual differences in the inference of word meanings from context: The influence of reading comprehension, vocabulary knowledge, and memory capacity. Journal of Educational Psychology,96, 671–681.
    • (2004) Journal of Educational Psychology , vol.96 , pp. 671-681
    • Cain, K.1    Oakhill, J.2    Bryant, P.3
  • 30
    • 0027668812 scopus 로고
    • Working-memory capacity as long-term memory activation: An individual-differences approach
    • Cantor, J., & Engle, R. W. (1993). Working-memory capacity as long-term memory activation: An individual-differences approach. Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory, and Cognition,19(5), 1094–1100.
    • (1993) Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory, and Cognition , vol.19 , Issue.5 , pp. 1094-1100
    • Cantor, J.1    Engle, R.W.2
  • 31
    • 64249116847 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of working memory in explaining the performance of individuals with specific reading comprehension difficulties: A meta-analysis
    • Carretti, B., Borella, E., Cornoldi, C., & De Beni, R. (2009). Role of working memory in explaining the performance of individuals with specific reading comprehension difficulties: A meta-analysis. Learning and Individual Differences,19(2), 246–251.
    • (2009) Learning and Individual Differences , vol.19 , Issue.2 , pp. 246-251
    • Carretti, B.1    Borella, E.2    Cornoldi, C.3    De Beni, R.4
  • 32
    • 84860830343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insights from cognitive neuroscience: The importance of executive function for early reading development and education
    • Cartwright, K. (2012). Insights from cognitive neuroscience: The importance of executive function for early reading development and education. Early Education & Development,23(1), 24–36.
    • (2012) Early Education & Development , vol.23 , Issue.1 , pp. 24-36
    • Cartwright, K.1
  • 34
    • 0035463817 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in executive control across the life span: Examination of task-switching performance
    • PID: 11552766
    • Cepeda, N. J., Kramer, A. F., & De Sather, J. C. M. G. (2001). Changes in executive control across the life span: Examination of task-switching performance. Developmental Psychology,37, 715–729.
    • (2001) Developmental Psychology , vol.37 , pp. 715-729
    • Cepeda, N.J.1    Kramer, A.F.2    De Sather, J.C.M.G.3
  • 35
    • 77954686806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expanding the mind’s workspace: Training and transfer effects with a complex working memory task
    • Chein, J. M., & Morrison, A. B. (2010). Expanding the mind’s workspace: Training and transfer effects with a complex working memory task. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review,17, 193–199.
    • (2010) Psychonomic Bulletin & Review , vol.17 , pp. 193-199
    • Chein, J.M.1    Morrison, A.B.2
  • 36
    • 84865281950 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Working memory training does not improve intelligence in healthy young adults
    • Chooi, W.-T., & Thompson, L. A. (2012). Working memory training does not improve intelligence in healthy young adults. Intelligence,40, 531–542.
    • (2012) Intelligence , vol.40 , pp. 531-542
    • Chooi, W.-T.1    Thompson, L.A.2
  • 37
    • 53949109813 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Working memory and intelligence are highly related constructs, but why?
    • Colom, R., Abad, F. J., Quiroga, M. Á., Shih, P. C., & Flores-Mendoza, C. (2008). Working memory and intelligence are highly related constructs, but why? Intelligence,36(6), 584–606. doi:10.1016/j.intell.2008.01.002.
    • (2008) Intelligence , vol.36 , Issue.6 , pp. 584-606
    • Colom, R.1    Abad, F.J.2    Quiroga, M.Á.3    Shih, P.C.4    Flores-Mendoza, C.5
  • 38
    • 77951193912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive ability: Does working memory training enhance intelligence?
    • PID: 21749957
    • Conway, A. R. A., & Getz, S. J. (2010). Cognitive ability: Does working memory training enhance intelligence? Current Biology,20(8), R362–R364. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2010.03.001.
    • (2010) Current Biology , vol.20 , Issue.8 , pp. R362-R364
    • Conway, A.R.A.1    Getz, S.J.2
  • 39
    • 84981263306 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The magical number 4 in short-term memory: A reconsideration of mental storage capacity
    • PID: 11515286
    • Cowan, N. (2001). The magical number 4 in short-term memory: A reconsideration of mental storage capacity. Behavioral and Brain Sciences,24(1), 87–185. doi:10.1017/S0140525X01003922.
    • (2001) Behavioral and Brain Sciences , vol.24 , Issue.1 , pp. 87-185
    • Cowan, N.1
  • 40
    • 79952699071 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of working memory training on reading in children with special needs
    • Dahlin, K. I. E. (2011). Effects of working memory training on reading in children with special needs. Reading and Writing,24, 479–491.
    • (2011) Reading and Writing , vol.24 , pp. 479-491
    • Dahlin, K.I.E.1
  • 41
    • 84903647311 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Working memory training and the effect on mathematical achievement in children with attention deficits and special needs
    • Dahlin, K. (2013). Working memory training and the effect on mathematical achievement in children with attention deficits and special needs. Journal of Education and Learning,2(1), 118–133.
    • (2013) Journal of Education and Learning , vol.2 , Issue.1 , pp. 118-133
    • Dahlin, K.1
  • 42
    • 45849106902 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transfer of learning after updating training mediated by the striatum
    • PID: 18556560
    • Dahlin, E., Neely, A. S., Larsson, A., Bäckman, L., & Nyberg, L. (2008). Transfer of learning after updating training mediated by the striatum. Science,320, 1510–1512.
    • (2008) Science , vol.320 , pp. 1510-1512
    • Dahlin, E.1    Neely, A.S.2    Larsson, A.3    Bäckman, L.4    Nyberg, L.5
  • 43
    • 0000053757 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Working memory and language comprehension: A meta-analysis
    • Daneman, M., & Merikle, P. M. (1996). Working memory and language comprehension: A meta-analysis. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review,3(4), 422–433.
    • (1996) Psychonomic Bulletin & Review , vol.3 , Issue.4 , pp. 422-433
    • Daneman, M.1    Merikle, P.M.2
  • 44
    • 79951563199 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exercise improves executive function and achievement and alters brain activation in overweight children: A randomized, controlled trial
    • PID: 21299297
    • Davis, C. L., Tomporowski, P. D., McDowell, J. E., Austin, B. P., Miller, P. H., Yanasak, N. E., et al. (2011). Exercise improves executive function and achievement and alters brain activation in overweight children: A randomized, controlled trial. Health Psychology,30, 91–98.
    • (2011) Health Psychology , vol.30 , pp. 91-98
    • Davis, C.L.1    Tomporowski, P.D.2    McDowell, J.E.3    Austin, B.P.4    Miller, P.H.5    Yanasak, N.E.6    Naglieri, J.A.7
  • 45
    • 84882493389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understanding normal and impaired reading development: A working memory perspective
    • Pickering S, (ed), Elsevier, Amsterdam:
    • De Jong, P. F. (2006). Understanding normal and impaired reading development: A working memory perspective. In S. Pickering (Ed.), Working memory and education (pp. 33–60). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
    • (2006) Working memory and education , pp. 33-60
    • De Jong, P.F.1
  • 46
    • 65349083828 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Working memory and individual differences in mathematics achievement: A longitudinal study from first grade to second grade
    • DeSmedt, B., Janssen, R., Bouwens, K., Verschaffel, L., Boets, B., & Ghesquière, P. (2009). Working memory and individual differences in mathematics achievement: A longitudinal study from first grade to second grade. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology,103(2), 186–201.
    • (2009) Journal of Experimental Child Psychology , vol.103 , Issue.2 , pp. 186-201
    • DeSmedt, B.1    Janssen, R.2    Bouwens, K.3    Verschaffel, L.4    Boets, B.5    Ghesquière, P.6
  • 47
    • 2342488769 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of working memory in mental arithmetic
    • DeStefano, D., & LeFevre, J. (2004). The role of working memory in mental arithmetic. European Journal of Cognitive Psychology,16(3), 353–386. doi:10.1080/09541440244000328.
    • (2004) European Journal of Cognitive Psychology , vol.16 , Issue.3 , pp. 353-386
    • DeStefano, D.1    LeFevre, J.2
  • 48
    • 84867003081 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activities and programs that improve children’s executive functions
    • PID: 25328287
    • Diamond, A. (2012). Activities and programs that improve children’s executive functions. Current Directions in Psychological Science,21(5), 335–341.
    • (2012) Current Directions in Psychological Science , vol.21 , Issue.5 , pp. 335-341
    • Diamond, A.1
  • 49
    • 36749036650 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pre-school program improves cognitive control
    • PID: 18048670
    • Diamond, A., Barnett, W. S., Thomas, J., & Munro, S. (2007). Pre-school program improves cognitive control. Science,318, 1387–1388.
    • (2007) Science , vol.318 , pp. 1387-1388
    • Diamond, A.1    Barnett, W.S.2    Thomas, J.3    Munro, S.4
  • 50
    • 84867046554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aging and executive functioning: A training study on focus-switching
    • PID: 22016742
    • Dorbath, L., Hasselhorn, M., & Titz, C. (2011). Aging and executive functioning: A training study on focus-switching. Frontiers in Psychology,2, 257.
    • (2011) Frontiers in Psychology , vol.2 , pp. 257
    • Dorbath, L.1    Hasselhorn, M.2    Titz, C.3
  • 51
    • 84874414592 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of education on executive functioning and its trainability
    • Dorbath, L., Hasselhorn, M., & Titz, C. (2013). Effects of education on executive functioning and its trainability. Educational Gerontology,39(5), 314–325.
    • (2013) Educational Gerontology , vol.39 , Issue.5 , pp. 314-325
    • Dorbath, L.1    Hasselhorn, M.2    Titz, C.3
  • 52
    • 0028965962 scopus 로고
    • Fluid intelligence after frontal lobe lesions
    • PID: 7791994
    • Duncan, J., Burgess, P., & Emslie, H. (1995). Fluid intelligence after frontal lobe lesions. Neuropsychologia,33, 261–268.
    • (1995) Neuropsychologia , vol.33 , pp. 261-268
    • Duncan, J.1    Burgess, P.2    Emslie, H.3
  • 53
    • 84885469440 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does working memory training lead to generalized improvements in children with low working memory? A randomized controlled trial
    • PID: 24093880
    • Dunning, D. L., Holmes, J., & Gathercole, S. E. (2013). Does working memory training lead to generalized improvements in children with low working memory? A randomized controlled trial. Developmental Science,16(6), 915–925.
    • (2013) Developmental Science , vol.16 , Issue.6 , pp. 915-925
    • Dunning, D.L.1    Holmes, J.2    Gathercole, S.E.3
  • 54
    • 33744954936 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predicting cognitive control from preschool to late adolescence and young adulthood
    • PID: 16771797
    • Eigsti, I. M., Zayas, V., Mischel, W., Shoda, Y., Ayduk, O., Dadlani, M., et al. (2006). Predicting cognitive control from preschool to late adolescence and young adulthood. Psychological Science,17, 478–484.
    • (2006) Psychological Science , vol.17 , pp. 478-484
    • Eigsti, I.M.1    Zayas, V.2    Mischel, W.3    Shoda, Y.4    Ayduk, O.5    Dadlani, M.6
  • 55
    • 77958151628 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Working memory and fluid intelligence in young children
    • Engel de Abreu, P. M. J., Conway, A. R. A., & Gathercole, S. E. (2010). Working memory and fluid intelligence in young children. Intelligence,38(6), 552–561. doi:10.1016/j.intell.2010.07.003.
    • (2010) Intelligence , vol.38 , Issue.6 , pp. 552-561
    • Engel de Abreu, P.M.J.1    Conway, A.R.A.2    Gathercole, S.E.3
  • 56
    • 80052157257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disentangling the relationship between working memory and language: The roles of short-term storage and cognitive control
    • Engel de Abreu, P. M. J., Gathercole, S. E., & Martin, R. (2011). Disentangling the relationship between working memory and language: The roles of short-term storage and cognitive control. Learning and Individual Differences,21(5), 569–574.
    • (2011) Learning and Individual Differences , vol.21 , Issue.5 , pp. 569-574
    • Engel de Abreu, P.M.J.1    Gathercole, S.E.2    Martin, R.3
  • 57
    • 77957711894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of working-memory capacity in cognitive control
    • Engle, R. W. (2010). Role of working-memory capacity in cognitive control. Current Anthropology,51, 17. doi:10.1086/650572.
    • (2010) Current Anthropology , vol.51 , pp. 17
    • Engle, R.W.1
  • 58
    • 0001280128 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Individual differences in working memory capacity and what they tell us about controlled attention, general fluid intelligence and functions of the prefrontal cortex
    • Miyake A, Shah P, (eds), Cambridge University Press, London:
    • Engle, R. W., Kane, M. J., & Tuholski, S. W. (1999). Individual differences in working memory capacity and what they tell us about controlled attention, general fluid intelligence and functions of the prefrontal cortex. In A. Miyake & P. Shah (Eds.), Models of working memory: Mechanisms of active maintenance and executive control. London: Cambridge University Press.
    • (1999) Models of working memory: Mechanisms of active maintenance and executive control
    • Engle, R.W.1    Kane, M.J.2    Tuholski, S.W.3
  • 59
    • 0037403204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Individual differences and undergraduate academic success: The roles of personality, intelligence, and application
    • Farsides, T., & Woodfield, R. (2003). Individual differences and undergraduate academic success: The roles of personality, intelligence, and application. Personality and Individual Differences,34(7), 1225–1243. doi:10.1016/S0191-8869(02)00111-3.
    • (2003) Personality and Individual Differences , vol.34 , Issue.7 , pp. 1225-1243
    • Farsides, T.1    Woodfield, R.2
  • 63
    • 84978320685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Working memory assessments at school entry as longitudinal predictors of National Curriculum attainment levels
    • Gathercole, S. E., Brown, L., & Pickering, S. J. (2003). Working memory assessments at school entry as longitudinal predictors of National Curriculum attainment levels. Educational and Child Psychology,20(3), 109–122.
    • (2003) Educational and Child Psychology , vol.20 , Issue.3 , pp. 109-122
    • Gathercole, S.E.1    Brown, L.2    Pickering, S.J.3
  • 64
    • 2442529865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Working memory skills and educational attainment: Evidence from national curriculum assessments at 7 and 14 years of age
    • Gathercole, S. E., Pickering, S. J., Knight, C., & Stegmann, Z. (2004). Working memory skills and educational attainment: Evidence from national curriculum assessments at 7 and 14 years of age. Applied Cognitive Psychology,18(1), 1–16.
    • (2004) Applied Cognitive Psychology , vol.18 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-16
    • Gathercole, S.E.1    Pickering, S.J.2    Knight, C.3    Stegmann, Z.4
  • 65
    • 2442490062 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Strategy choices in simple and complex addition: Contributions of working memory and counting knowledge for children with mathematical disability
    • PID: 15157755
    • Geary, D., Hoard, M., Byrd-Craven, J., & Catherine DeSoto, M. (2004). Strategy choices in simple and complex addition: Contributions of working memory and counting knowledge for children with mathematical disability. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology,88(2), 121–151.
    • (2004) Journal of Experimental Child Psychology , vol.88 , Issue.2 , pp. 121-151
    • Geary, D.1    Hoard, M.2    Byrd-Craven, J.3    Catherine DeSoto, M.4
  • 66
    • 34547294996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive mechanisms underlying achievement deficits in children with mathematical learning disability
    • PID: 17650142
    • Geary, D., Hoard, M., Byrd-Craven, J., Nugent, L., & Numtee, C. (2007). Cognitive mechanisms underlying achievement deficits in children with mathematical learning disability. Child Development,78(4), 1343–1359.
    • (2007) Child Development , vol.78 , Issue.4 , pp. 1343-1359
    • Geary, D.1    Hoard, M.2    Byrd-Craven, J.3    Nugent, L.4    Numtee, C.5
  • 67
    • 84863782321 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Independent contributions of the central executive, intelligence, and in-class attentive behavior to developmental change in the strategies used to solve addition problems
    • PID: 22698947
    • Geary, D. C., Hoard, M. K., & Nugent, L. (2012). Independent contributions of the central executive, intelligence, and in-class attentive behavior to developmental change in the strategies used to solve addition problems. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology,113(1), 49–65.
    • (2012) Journal of Experimental Child Psychology , vol.113 , Issue.1 , pp. 49-65
    • Geary, D.C.1    Hoard, M.K.2    Nugent, L.3
  • 68
    • 84871920525 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Visuospatial working memory in intuitive geometry, and in academic achievement in geometry
    • Giofrè, D., Mammarella, I. C., Ronconi, L., & Cornoldi, C. (2013). Visuospatial working memory in intuitive geometry, and in academic achievement in geometry. Learning and Individual Differences,23, 114–122. doi:10.1016/j.lindif.2012.09.012.
    • (2013) Learning and Individual Differences , vol.23 , pp. 114-122
    • Giofrè, D.1    Mammarella, I.C.2    Ronconi, L.3    Cornoldi, C.4
  • 70
    • 37349069492 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Be smart, exercise your heart: Exercise effects on brain and cognition
    • PID: 18094706
    • Hillman, C. H., Erickson, K. I., & Kramer, A. F. (2008). Be smart, exercise your heart: Exercise effects on brain and cognition. Nature Reviews Neuroscience,9, 58–65.
    • (2008) Nature Reviews Neuroscience , vol.9 , pp. 58-65
    • Hillman, C.H.1    Erickson, K.I.2    Kramer, A.F.3
  • 71
    • 29744470209 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Working memory and children’s mathematical skills: Implications for mathematical development and mathematics curricula
    • Holmes, J., & Adams, J. W. (2006). Working memory and children’s mathematical skills: Implications for mathematical development and mathematics curricula. Educational Psychology,26(3), 339–366.
    • (2006) Educational Psychology , vol.26 , Issue.3 , pp. 339-366
    • Holmes, J.1    Adams, J.W.2
  • 73
    • 67049088234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adaptive training leads to sustained enhancement of poor working memory in children
    • PID: 19635074
    • Holmes, J., Gathercole, S. E., & Dunning, D. L. (2009a). Adaptive training leads to sustained enhancement of poor working memory in children. Developmental Science,12, F9–F15.
    • (2009) Developmental Science , vol.12 , pp. F9-F15
    • Holmes, J.1    Gathercole, S.E.2    Dunning, D.L.3
  • 74
    • 78049249832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Working memory deficits can be overcome: Impacts of training and medication on working memory in children with ADHD
    • Holmes, J., Gathercole, S. E., Place, M., Dunning, D. L., Hilton, K. A., & Elliott, J. (2009b). Working memory deficits can be overcome: Impacts of training and medication on working memory in children with ADHD. Applied Cognitive Psychology,24, 827–836.
    • (2009) Applied Cognitive Psychology , vol.24 , pp. 827-836
    • Holmes, J.1    Gathercole, S.E.2    Place, M.3    Dunning, D.L.4    Hilton, K.A.5    Elliott, J.6
  • 75
    • 79957652897 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Children’s working memory: Its structure and relationship to fluid intelligence
    • Hornung, C., Brunner, M., Reuter, R. A. P., & Martin, R. (2011). Children’s working memory: Its structure and relationship to fluid intelligence. Intelligence,39(4), 210–221. doi:10.1016/j.intell.2011.03.002.
    • (2011) Intelligence , vol.39 , Issue.4 , pp. 210-221
    • Hornung, C.1    Brunner, M.2    Reuter, R.A.P.3    Martin, R.4
  • 77
    • 0033084375 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A longitudinal study of achievement trajectories: Factors associated with change
    • Jimerson, S., Egeland, B., & Teo, A. (1999). A longitudinal study of achievement trajectories: Factors associated with change. Journal of Educational Psychology,91, 116–126.
    • (1999) Journal of Educational Psychology , vol.91 , pp. 116-126
    • Jimerson, S.1    Egeland, B.2    Teo, A.3
  • 78
    • 84859085944 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Training the developing brain: A neurocognitive perspective
    • PID: 22509161
    • Jolles, D. D., & Crone, E. A. (2012). Training the developing brain: A neurocognitive perspective. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience.,6, 76.
    • (2012) Frontiers in Human Neuroscience. , vol.6 , pp. 76
    • Jolles, D.D.1    Crone, E.A.2
  • 81
    • 0037968236 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Working-memory capacity and the control of attention: The contributions of goal neglect, response competition, and task set to Stroop interference
    • Kane, M. J., & Engle, R. W. (2003). Working-memory capacity and the control of attention: The contributions of goal neglect, response competition, and task set to Stroop interference. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General,132(1), 47.
    • (2003) Journal of Experimental Psychology: General , vol.132 , Issue.1 , pp. 47
    • Kane, M.J.1    Engle, R.W.2
  • 82
  • 83
    • 84931201839 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Karbach, J. & Brieber, S. (2010). Neuronale Korrelate exekutiven Kontrolltrainings. In F. Petermann & U. Koglin, 47. Kongress der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Psychologie, S. 135. Lengerich: Pabst
    • Karbach, J. & Brieber, S. (2010). Neuronale Korrelate exekutiven Kontrolltrainings. In F. Petermann & U. Koglin, 47. Kongress der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Psychologie, S. 135. Lengerich: Pabst.
  • 84
    • 70350108595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How useful is executive control training? Age differences in near and far transfer of task-switching training
    • PID: 19840052
    • Karbach, J., & Kray, J. (2009). How useful is executive control training? Age differences in near and far transfer of task-switching training. Developmental Science,12, 978–990.
    • (2009) Developmental Science , vol.12 , pp. 978-990
    • Karbach, J.1    Kray, J.2
  • 85
    • 77957271423 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transfer of task-switching training in older age: The role of verbal processes
    • PID: 20695684
    • Karbach, J., Mang, S., & Kray, J. (2010). Transfer of task-switching training in older age: The role of verbal processes. Psychology and Aging,25, 677–683.
    • (2010) Psychology and Aging , vol.25 , pp. 677-683
    • Karbach, J.1    Mang, S.2    Kray, J.3
  • 86
    • 84933678907 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Training-induced cognitive and neural plasticity
    • PID: 23437015
    • Karbach, J., & Schubert, T. (2013). Training-induced cognitive and neural plasticity. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience,7, 48.
    • (2013) Frontiers in Human Neuroscience , vol.7 , pp. 48
    • Karbach, J.1    Schubert, T.2
  • 88
    • 85019252463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adaptive working-memory training benefits reading, but not mathematics in middle childhood
    • Karbach, J., Strobach, T., & Schubert, T. (2013). Adaptive working-memory training benefits reading, but not mathematics in middle childhood. Manuscript submitted for publication.
    • (2013) Manuscript submitted for publication
    • Karbach, J.1    Strobach, T.2    Schubert, T.3
  • 89
    • 84858284370 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Memory training interventions require a tailor-made approach: Commentary on McDaniel and Bugg
    • Kliegel, M., & Bürki, C. (2012). Memory training interventions require a tailor-made approach: Commentary on McDaniel and Bugg. Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition,1, 58–60.
    • (2012) Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition , vol.1 , pp. 58-60
    • Kliegel, M.1    Bürki, C.2
  • 92
    • 65749107352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exploring the impact of phonological awareness, visual-spatial working memory, and preschool quantity-number competencies on mathematics achievement in elementary school: Findings from a 3-year longitudinal study
    • Krajewski, K., & Schneider, W. (2009). Exploring the impact of phonological awareness, visual-spatial working memory, and preschool quantity-number competencies on mathematics achievement in elementary school: Findings from a 3-year longitudinal study. Special Issue: Typical Development of Numerical Cognition,103(4), 516–531.
    • (2009) Special Issue: Typical Development of Numerical Cognition , vol.103 , Issue.4 , pp. 516-531
    • Krajewski, K.1    Schneider, W.2
  • 93
    • 0002700883 scopus 로고
    • Training for attentional control in dual task settings: a comparison of young and old adults
    • Kramer, A. F., Larish, J. F., & Strayer, D. L. (1995). Training for attentional control in dual task settings: a comparison of young and old adults. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied,1, 50–76.
    • (1995) Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied , vol.1 , pp. 50-76
    • Kramer, A.F.1    Larish, J.F.2    Strayer, D.L.3
  • 94
    • 40549086324 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Verbal self-instructions in task switching: A compensatory tool for action-control deficits in childhood and old age?
    • PID: 18333979
    • Kray, J., Eber, J., & Karbach, J. (2008). Verbal self-instructions in task switching: A compensatory tool for action-control deficits in childhood and old age? Developmental Science,11, 223–236.
    • (2008) Developmental Science , vol.11 , pp. 223-236
    • Kray, J.1    Eber, J.2    Karbach, J.3
  • 95
    • 84856776772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can task- switching training enhance executive control functioning in children with attention deficit/-hyperactivity disorder?
    • PID: 22291628
    • Kray, J., Karbach, J., Haenig, S., & Freitag, C. (2012). Can task- switching training enhance executive control functioning in children with attention deficit/-hyperactivity disorder? Frontiers in Human Neuroscience,5, 180.
    • (2012) Frontiers in Human Neuroscience , vol.5 , pp. 180
    • Kray, J.1    Karbach, J.2    Haenig, S.3    Freitag, C.4
  • 96
    • 0033807696 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adult age differences in task switching
    • PID: 10755295
    • Kray, J., & Lindenberger, U. (2000). Adult age differences in task switching. Psychology and Aging,15, 126–147.
    • (2000) Psychology and Aging , vol.15 , pp. 126-147
    • Kray, J.1    Lindenberger, U.2
  • 97
    • 2942532809 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Promoting self-regulation through school-based martial arts training
    • Lakes, K. D., & Hoyt, W. T. (2004). Promoting self-regulation through school-based martial arts training. Applied Developmental Psychology,25, 283–302.
    • (2004) Applied Developmental Psychology , vol.25 , pp. 283-302
    • Lakes, K.D.1    Hoyt, W.T.2
  • 98
    • 40749153462 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of word reading fluency and spelling in a consistent orthography: An 8-year follow-up
    • Landerl, K., & Wimmer, H. (2008). Development of word reading fluency and spelling in a consistent orthography: An 8-year follow-up. Journal of Educational Psychology,100(1), 150–161.
    • (2008) Journal of Educational Psychology , vol.100 , Issue.1 , pp. 150-161
    • Landerl, K.1    Wimmer, H.2
  • 100
    • 84863346450 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do measures of working memory predict academic proficiency better than measures of intelligence?
    • Lee, K., Lee Pe, M., Ang, S. J., & Stankov, L. (2009a). Do measures of working memory predict academic proficiency better than measures of intelligence? Psychology Science,51(4), 403–419.
    • (2009) Psychology Science , vol.51 , Issue.4 , pp. 403-419
    • Lee, K.1    Lee Pe, M.2    Ang, S.J.3    Stankov, L.4
  • 101
    • 65249147721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The contributions of working memory and executive functioning to problem representation and solution generation in algebraic word problems
    • Lee, K., Ng, E. L., & Ng, S. F. (2009b). The contributions of working memory and executive functioning to problem representation and solution generation in algebraic word problems. Journal of Educational Psychology,101(2), 373–387. doi:10.1037/a0013843.
    • (2009) Journal of Educational Psychology , vol.101 , Issue.2 , pp. 373-387
    • Lee, K.1    Ng, E.L.2    Ng, S.F.3
  • 102
    • 4544249173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Working memory and literacy as predictors of performance on algebraic word problems
    • PID: 15388303
    • Lee, K., Ng, S., Ng, E., & Lim, Z. (2004). Working memory and literacy as predictors of performance on algebraic word problems. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology,89(2), 140–158.
    • (2004) Journal of Experimental Child Psychology , vol.89 , Issue.2 , pp. 140-158
    • Lee, K.1    Ng, S.2    Ng, E.3    Lim, Z.4
  • 104
    • 1642269059 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transformations in the couplings among intellectual abilities and constituent cognitive processes across the life span
    • PID: 15016286
    • Li, S. C., Lindenberger, U., Hommel, B., Aschersleben, G., Prinz, W., & Baltes, P. B. (2004). Transformations in the couplings among intellectual abilities and constituent cognitive processes across the life span. Psychological Science,15, 155–163.
    • (2004) Psychological Science , vol.15 , pp. 155-163
    • Li, S.C.1    Lindenberger, U.2    Hommel, B.3    Aschersleben, G.4    Prinz, W.5    Baltes, P.B.6
  • 107
    • 33749316938 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The early years: Evaluating Montessori education
    • PID: 17008512
    • Lillard, A., & Else-Quest, N. (2006). The early years: Evaluating Montessori education. Science,313, 1893–1894.
    • (2006) Science , vol.313 , pp. 1893-1894
    • Lillard, A.1    Else-Quest, N.2
  • 108
    • 0027022290 scopus 로고
    • Professional expertise does not eliminate age differences in imagery-based performance during adulthood
    • PID: 1466827
    • Lindenberger, U., Kliegl, R., & Baltes, P. B. (1992). Professional expertise does not eliminate age differences in imagery-based performance during adulthood. Psychology and Aging,7, 585–593.
    • (1992) Psychology and Aging , vol.7 , pp. 585-593
    • Lindenberger, U.1    Kliegl, R.2    Baltes, P.B.3
  • 109
    • 77956248995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Executive dysfunction among children with reading comprehension deficits
    • PID: 20375294
    • Locascio, G., Mahone, E. M., Eason, S. H., & Cutting, L. E. (2010). Executive dysfunction among children with reading comprehension deficits. Journal of Learning Disabilities,43(5), 441–454.
    • (2010) Journal of Learning Disabilities , vol.43 , Issue.5 , pp. 441-454
    • Locascio, G.1    Mahone, E.M.2    Eason, S.H.3    Cutting, L.E.4
  • 110
    • 0028239616 scopus 로고
    • Counting on working memory in arithmetic problem solving
    • PID: 7934946
    • Logie, R. H., Gilhooly, K. J., & Wynn, V. (1994). Counting on working memory in arithmetic problem solving. Memory and Cognition,22, 395–410.
    • (1994) Memory and Cognition , vol.22 , pp. 395-410
    • Logie, R.H.1    Gilhooly, K.J.2    Wynn, V.3
  • 111
    • 84856063899 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Working memory training improves reading processes in typically developing children
    • PID: 21623483
    • Loosli, S. V., Buschkuehl, M., Perrig, W. J., & Jaeggi, S. M. (2012). Working memory training improves reading processes in typically developing children. Child Neuropsychology,18, 62–78.
    • (2012) Child Neuropsychology , vol.18 , pp. 62-78
    • Loosli, S.V.1    Buschkuehl, M.2    Perrig, W.J.3    Jaeggi, S.M.4
  • 112
    • 84933672456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Training-induced compensation versus magnification of individual differences in memory performance
    • Lövdén, M., Brehmer, Y., Li, S. C., & Lindenberger, U. (2012). Training-induced compensation versus magnification of individual differences in memory performance. Frontiers in human neuroscience, 6.
    • (2012) Frontiers in human neuroscience , pp. 6
    • Lövdén, M.1    Brehmer, Y.2    Li, S.C.3    Lindenberger, U.4
  • 113
    • 79953120982 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predicting school achievement from cognitive and non-cognitive variables in a Chinese sample of elementary school children
    • Lu, L., Weber, H. S., Spinath, F. M., & Shi, J. (2011). Predicting school achievement from cognitive and non-cognitive variables in a Chinese sample of elementary school children. Intelligence,39(2–3), 130–140.
    • (2011) Intelligence , vol.39 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 130-140
    • Lu, L.1    Weber, H.S.2    Spinath, F.M.3    Shi, J.4
  • 114
    • 84933675833 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An investigation of response and stimulus modality transfer effects after dual-task training in younger and older
    • PID: 22629239
    • Lussier, M., Gagnon, C., & Bherer, L. (2012). An investigation of response and stimulus modality transfer effects after dual-task training in younger and older. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience,6, 129.
    • (2012) Frontiers in Human Neuroscience , vol.6 , pp. 129
    • Lussier, M.1    Gagnon, C.2    Bherer, L.3
  • 115
    • 72049101621 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aging, training, and the brain: A review and future directions
    • PID: 19876740
    • Lustig, C., Shah, P., Seidler, R., & Reuter-Lorenz, P. A. (2009). Aging, training, and the brain: A review and future directions. Neuropsychology Review,19, 504–522.
    • (2009) Neuropsychology Review , vol.19 , pp. 504-522
    • Lustig, C.1    Shah, P.2    Seidler, R.3    Reuter-Lorenz, P.A.4
  • 116
    • 57749184132 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Working memory functioning in children with learning disabilities: Does intelligence make a difference?
    • Mähler, C., & Schuchardt, K. (2009). Working memory functioning in children with learning disabilities: Does intelligence make a difference? Journal of Intellectual Disability Research,53(1), 3–10.
    • (2009) Journal of Intellectual Disability Research , vol.53 , Issue.1 , pp. 3-10
    • Mähler, C.1    Schuchardt, K.2
  • 118
    • 80052431821 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of phonological and visual-spatial interference on children’s arithmetical performance
    • McKenzie, B., Bull, R., & Gray, C. (2003). The effects of phonological and visual-spatial interference on children’s arithmetical performance. Educational and Child Psychology,20(3), 93–108.
    • (2003) Educational and Child Psychology , vol.20 , Issue.3 , pp. 93-108
    • McKenzie, B.1    Bull, R.2    Gray, C.3
  • 119
    • 0033227570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Working memory impairments in children with specific arithmetic learning difficulties
    • PID: 10527556
    • McLean, J. F., & Hitch, G. J. (1999). Working memory impairments in children with specific arithmetic learning difficulties. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology,74(3), 240–260.
    • (1999) Journal of Experimental Child Psychology , vol.74 , Issue.3 , pp. 240-260
    • McLean, J.F.1    Hitch, G.J.2
  • 120
    • 0008653903 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ‘gender gap’in final examination results at Oxford University
    • PID: 10958580
    • Mellanby, J., Martin, M., & O’Doherty, J. (2000). The ‘gender gap’in final examination results at Oxford University. British Journal of Psychology,91(3), 377–390.
    • (2000) British Journal of Psychology , vol.91 , Issue.3 , pp. 377-390
    • Mellanby, J.1    Martin, M.2    O’Doherty, J.3
  • 121
    • 0033238862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The development of phonemic awareness in reading disabled children
    • Metsala, J. L. (1999). The development of phonemic awareness in reading disabled children. Applied Psycholinguistics,20, 149–158.
    • (1999) Applied Psycholinguistics , vol.20 , pp. 149-158
    • Metsala, J.L.1
  • 123
    • 65849521367 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Training and transfer effects in task switching
    • Minear, M., & Shah, P. (2008). Training and transfer effects in task switching. Memory & Cognition,36, 1470–1483.
    • (2008) Memory & Cognition , vol.36 , pp. 1470-1483
    • Minear, M.1    Shah, P.2
  • 124
    • 84856455781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The nature and organization of individual differences in executive functions four general conclusions
    • PID: 22773897
    • Miyake, A., & Friedman, N. (2012). The nature and organization of individual differences in executive functions four general conclusions. Current Directions in Psychological Science,21(1), 8–14.
    • (2012) Current Directions in Psychological Science , vol.21 , Issue.1 , pp. 8-14
    • Miyake, A.1    Friedman, N.2
  • 125
    • 0034242442 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The unity and diversity of executive functions and their contributions to complex “frontal lobe” tasks: A latent variable analysis
    • PID: 10945922
    • Miyake, A., Friedman, N. P., Emerson, M. J., Witzki, A. H., Howerter, A., & Wager, T. (2000). The unity and diversity of executive functions and their contributions to complex “frontal lobe” tasks: A latent variable analysis. Cognitive Psychology,41(1), 49–100.
    • (2000) Cognitive Psychology , vol.41 , Issue.1 , pp. 49-100
    • Miyake, A.1    Friedman, N.P.2    Emerson, M.J.3    Witzki, A.H.4    Howerter, A.5    Wager, T.6
  • 127
    • 0033142883 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Working Memory Deficits in Poor Comprehenders Reflect Underlying Language Impairments
    • PID: 10328862, 1999.2498
    • Nation, K., Adams, J. W., Bowyer-Crane, C. A., & Snowling, M. J. (1999). Working Memory Deficits in Poor Comprehenders Reflect Underlying Language Impairments. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology,73(2), 139–158. doi:10.1006/jecp. 1999.2498.
    • (1999) Journal of Experimental Child Psychology , vol.73 , Issue.2 , pp. 139-158
    • Nation, K.1    Adams, J.W.2    Bowyer-Crane, C.A.3    Snowling, M.J.4
  • 128
    • 70350513548 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive plasticity in adulthood and old age: Gauging the generality of cognitive intervention effects
    • Noack, H., Lövdén, M., Schmiedek, F., & Lindenberger, U. (2009). Cognitive plasticity in adulthood and old age: Gauging the generality of cognitive intervention effects. Restorative Neurology & Neuroscience,27, 435–453.
    • (2009) Restorative Neurology & Neuroscience , vol.27 , pp. 435-453
    • Noack, H.1    Lövdén, M.2    Schmiedek, F.3    Lindenberger, U.4
  • 129
    • 85047672889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Access to information in working memory: Exploring the focus of attention
    • PID: 12018494
    • Oberauer, K. (2002). Access to information in working memory: Exploring the focus of attention. Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory, and Cognition,28(3), 411–421.
    • (2002) Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory, and Cognition , vol.28 , Issue.3 , pp. 411-421
    • Oberauer, K.1
  • 130
    • 0345923836 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased prefrontal and parietal activity after training of working memory
    • PID: 14699419
    • Olesen, P. J., Westerberg, H., & Klingberg, T. (2004). Increased prefrontal and parietal activity after training of working memory. Nature Neuroscience,7, 75–79.
    • (2004) Nature Neuroscience , vol.7 , pp. 75-79
    • Olesen, P.J.1    Westerberg, H.2    Klingberg, T.3
  • 131
    • 84862594824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selective spatial working memory impairment in a group of children with mathematics learning disabilities and poor problem-solving skills
    • PID: 21444930
    • Passolunghi, M. C., & Mammarella, I. C. (2012). Selective spatial working memory impairment in a group of children with mathematics learning disabilities and poor problem-solving skills. Journal of Learning Disabilities,45(4), 341–350.
    • (2012) Journal of Learning Disabilities , vol.45 , Issue.4 , pp. 341-350
    • Passolunghi, M.C.1    Mammarella, I.C.2
  • 133
    • 84871928733 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Working memory capacity in preschool children contributes to the acquisition of school relevant precursor skills
    • Preßler, A.-L., Krajewski, K., & Hasselhorn, M. (2013). Working memory capacity in preschool children contributes to the acquisition of school relevant precursor skills. Learning and Individual Differences,23, 138–144. doi:10.1016/j.lindif.2012.10.005.
    • (2013) Learning and Individual Differences , vol.23 , pp. 138-144
    • Preßler, A.-L.1    Krajewski, K.2    Hasselhorn, M.3
  • 134
    • 75849135876 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Working memory and mathematics: A review of developmental, individual difference, and cognitive approaches
    • Raghubar, K. P., Barnes, M. A., & Hecht, S. A. (2010). Working memory and mathematics: A review of developmental, individual difference, and cognitive approaches. Perspectives on Math Difficulty and Disability in Children,20(2), 110–122. doi:10.1016/j.lindif.2009.10.005.
    • (2010) Perspectives on Math Difficulty and Disability in Children , vol.20 , Issue.2 , pp. 110-122
    • Raghubar, K.P.1    Barnes, M.A.2    Hecht, S.A.3
  • 135
    • 18344383333 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Representation and working memory in early arithmetic
    • PID: 15890174
    • Rasmussen, C., & Bisanz, J. (2005). Representation and working memory in early arithmetic. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology,91, 137–157.
    • (2005) Journal of Experimental Child Psychology , vol.91 , pp. 137-157
    • Rasmussen, C.1    Bisanz, J.2
  • 139
    • 0000458387 scopus 로고
    • Phonological awareness, verbal working memory and the acquisition of literacy
    • Rohl, M., & Pratt, C. (1995). Phonological awareness, verbal working memory and the acquisition of literacy. Reading and Writing,7(4), 327–360.
    • (1995) Reading and Writing , vol.7 , Issue.4 , pp. 327-360
    • Rohl, M.1    Pratt, C.2
  • 140
  • 141
    • 0032391899 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The validity and utility of selection methods in personnel psychology: Practical and theoretical implications of 85 years of research findings
    • Schmidt, F. L., & Hunter, J. E. (1998). The validity and utility of selection methods in personnel psychology: Practical and theoretical implications of 85 years of research findings. Psychological Bulletin,124, 262–274.
    • (1998) Psychological Bulletin , vol.124 , pp. 262-274
    • Schmidt, F.L.1    Hunter, J.E.2
  • 142
    • 84865072680 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hundred days of cognitive training enhance broad cognitive abilities in adult- hood: Findings from the COGITO study
    • PID: 20725526
    • Schmiedek, F., Lövdén, M., & Lindenberger, U. (2010). Hundred days of cognitive training enhance broad cognitive abilities in adult- hood: Findings from the COGITO study. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience,2, 27.
    • (2010) Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience , vol.2 , pp. 27
    • Schmiedek, F.1    Lövdén, M.2    Lindenberger, U.3
  • 143
    • 84861009666 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of a mindfulness-based education program on pre- and early adolescents’ well-being and social and emotional competence
    • Schonert-Reichl, K. A., & Lawlor, M. S. (2010). The effects of a mindfulness-based education program on pre- and early adolescents’ well-being and social and emotional competence. Mindfulness,1(3), 137–151.
    • (2010) Mindfulness , vol.1 , Issue.3 , pp. 137-151
    • Schonert-Reichl, K.A.1    Lawlor, M.S.2
  • 144
    • 54149097141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Working memory deficits in children with specific learning disorders
    • PID: 18625783
    • Schuchardt, K., Mähler, C., & Hasselhorn, M. (2008). Working memory deficits in children with specific learning disorders. Journal of Learning Disabilities,41(6), 514–523.
    • (2008) Journal of Learning Disabilities , vol.41 , Issue.6 , pp. 514-523
    • Schuchardt, K.1    Mähler, C.2    Hasselhorn, M.3
  • 146
    • 0031156047 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Working memory: A view from neuroimaging
    • PID: 9212720
    • Smith, E. E., & Jonides, J. (1997). Working memory: A view from neuroimaging. Cognitive Psychology,33(1), 5–42.
    • (1997) Cognitive Psychology , vol.33 , Issue.1 , pp. 5-42
    • Smith, E.E.1    Jonides, J.2
  • 147
    • 84933679018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Computerized training of non-verbal reasoning and working memory in children with intellectual disability
    • PID: 23060775
    • Söderqvist, S., Nutley, S. B., Ottersen, J., Grill, K. M., & Klingberg, T. (2012). Computerized training of non-verbal reasoning and working memory in children with intellectual disability. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience,6, 271.
    • (2012) Frontiers in Human Neuroscience , vol.6 , pp. 271
    • Söderqvist, S.1    Nutley, S.B.2    Ottersen, J.3    Grill, K.M.4    Klingberg, T.5
  • 148
    • 84931201752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Academic achievement
    • Ramachandran V, (ed), Academic Press, San Diego, CS:
    • Spinath, B. (2012). Academic achievement. In V. Ramachandran (Ed.), Encyclopedia of human behaviour (2nd ed., pp. 1–8). San Diego, CS: Academic Press.
    • (2012) Encyclopedia of human behaviour , pp. 1-8
    • Spinath, B.1
  • 150
    • 0000716320 scopus 로고
    • Reading comprehension difficulties in children
    • Stothard, S., & Hulme, C. (1992). Reading comprehension difficulties in children. Reading and Writing,4(3), 245–256. doi:10.1007/BF01027150.
    • (1992) Reading and Writing , vol.4 , Issue.3 , pp. 245-256
    • Stothard, S.1    Hulme, C.2
  • 151
    • 84867568350 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Investigation on the improvement and transfer of dual-task coordination skills
    • PID: 21947746
    • Strobach, T., Frensch, P. A., Soutschek, A., & Schubert, T. (2011). Investigation on the improvement and transfer of dual-task coordination skills. Psychological Research,76, 794–811.
    • (2011) Psychological Research , vol.76 , pp. 794-811
    • Strobach, T.1    Frensch, P.A.2    Soutschek, A.3    Schubert, T.4
  • 152
    • 4644231887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Working memory and phonological processing as predictors of children’s mathematical problem solving at different ages
    • Swanson, H. (2004). Working memory and phonological processing as predictors of children’s mathematical problem solving at different ages. Memory & Cognition,32(4), 648–661.
    • (2004) Memory & Cognition , vol.32 , Issue.4 , pp. 648-661
    • Swanson, H.1
  • 154
    • 33744527050 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do different components of working memory underlie different subgroups of reading disabilities?
    • PID: 16724796
    • Swanson, H. L., Howard, C. B., & Sáez, L. (2006). Do different components of working memory underlie different subgroups of reading disabilities? Journal of Learning Disabilities,39(3), 252–269.
    • (2006) Journal of Learning Disabilities , vol.39 , Issue.3 , pp. 252-269
    • Swanson, H.L.1    Howard, C.B.2    Sáez, L.3
  • 156
    • 0022484601 scopus 로고
    • An experimental study of the physical and psychological effects of aerobic exercise on school- children
    • PID: 3743529
    • Tuckman, B. W., & Hinkle, J. S. (1986). An experimental study of the physical and psychological effects of aerobic exercise on school- children. Health Psychology,5, 197–207.
    • (1986) Health Psychology , vol.5 , pp. 197-207
    • Tuckman, B.W.1    Hinkle, J.S.2
  • 157
    • 33244457427 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A temporal-contextual retrieval account of complex-span: An analysis of errors
    • Unsworth, N., & Engle, R. W. (2006). A temporal-contextual retrieval account of complex-span: An analysis of errors. Journal of Memory and Language,54, 346–362.
    • (2006) Journal of Memory and Language , vol.54 , pp. 346-362
    • Unsworth, N.1    Engle, R.W.2
  • 158
    • 34547609870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Executive functioning in children, and its relations with reasoning, reading, and arithmetic
    • van der Sluis, S., de Jong, P. F., & van der Leij, A. (2007). Executive functioning in children, and its relations with reasoning, reading, and arithmetic. Intelligence,35(5), 427–449.
    • (2007) Intelligence , vol.35 , Issue.5 , pp. 427-449
    • van der Sluis, S.1    de Jong, P.F.2    van der Leij, A.3
  • 160
    • 0026874618 scopus 로고
    • Improving memory performance in the aged through mnemonic training: A meta-analytic study
    • PID: 1535198
    • Verhaeghen, P., Marcoen, A., & Goossens, L. (1992). Improving memory performance in the aged through mnemonic training: A meta-analytic study. Psychology and Aging,7, 242.
    • (1992) Psychology and Aging , vol.7 , pp. 242
    • Verhaeghen, P.1    Marcoen, A.2    Goossens, L.3
  • 161
    • 84881532469 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An account of the relationship between fluid intelligence and complex learning in considering storage capacity and executive attention
    • Wang, T., Ren, X., Altmeyer, M., & Schweizer, K. (2013). An account of the relationship between fluid intelligence and complex learning in considering storage capacity and executive attention. Intelligence,41(5), 537–545. doi:10.1016/j.intell.2013.07.008.
    • (2013) Intelligence , vol.41 , Issue.5 , pp. 537-545
    • Wang, T.1    Ren, X.2    Altmeyer, M.3    Schweizer, K.4
  • 162
    • 84856046375 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is preschool executive function causally related to academic achievement?
    • PID: 21707258
    • Willoughby, M. T., Kupersmidt, J. B., & Voegler-Lee, M. E. (2012). Is preschool executive function causally related to academic achievement? Child Neuropsychology,18(1), 79–91.
    • (2012) Child Neuropsychology , vol.18 , Issue.1 , pp. 79-91
    • Willoughby, M.T.1    Kupersmidt, J.B.2    Voegler-Lee, M.E.3
  • 163
    • 84871927270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shifting ability predicts math and reading performance in children: A meta-analytical study
    • Yeniad, N., Malda, M., Mesman, J., van Ijzendoorn, M. H., & Pieper, S. (2013). Shifting ability predicts math and reading performance in children: A meta-analytical study. Learning and Individual Differences,23, 1–9. doi:10.1016/j.lindif.2012.10.004.
    • (2013) Learning and Individual Differences , vol.23 , pp. 1-9
    • Yeniad, N.1    Malda, M.2    Mesman, J.3    van Ijzendoorn, M.H.4    Pieper, S.5
  • 164
    • 84860997727 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The potential benefits of mindfulness training in early childhood: A developmental social cognitive neuroscience perspective
    • Zelazo, P. D., & Lyons, K. E. (2012). The potential benefits of mindfulness training in early childhood: A developmental social cognitive neuroscience perspective. Child Development Perspectives,6(2), 154–160.
    • (2012) Child Development Perspectives , vol.6 , Issue.2 , pp. 154-160
    • Zelazo, P.D.1    Lyons, K.E.2
  • 165
    • 80052283345 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Working memory components as predictors of children’s mathematical word problem solving
    • PID: 21782198
    • Zheng, X., Swanson, H. L., & Marcoulides, G. A. (2011). Working memory components as predictors of children’s mathematical word problem solving. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology,110(4), 481–498. doi:10.1016/j.jecp.2011.06.001.
    • (2011) Journal of Experimental Child Psychology , vol.110 , Issue.4 , pp. 481-498
    • Zheng, X.1    Swanson, H.L.2    Marcoulides, G.A.3
  • 167
    • 84891768465 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Working memory training and transfer in older adults: effects of age, baseline performance, and training gains. Developmental Psychology
    • Zinke, K., Zeintl, M., Rose, N. S., Putzmann, J., Pydde, A., & Kliegel, M. (2013). Working memory training and transfer in older adults: effects of age, baseline performance, and training gains. Developmental Psychology. doi:10.1037/a0032982
    • (2013) doi:10.1037/a0032982
    • Zinke, K.1    Zeintl, M.2    Rose, N.S.3    Putzmann, J.4    Pydde, A.5    Kliegel, M.6


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.