Brain-machine interfaces beyond neuroprosthetics

Neuron

Volumn 86, Issue 1, 2015, Pages 55-67

  Moxon, Karen A ^a   Foffani, Guglielmo ^b,c  

^a DREXEL UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSIDAD SAN PABLO CEU   (Spain)

^c HOSPITAL NACIONAL DE PARAPLÉJICOS   (Spain)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BIOENGINEERING; BRAIN COMPUTER INTERFACE; BRAIN DEPTH STIMULATION; BRAIN MACHINE INTERFACE; ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM; FUNCTIONAL MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; HUMAN; MOTOR CONTROL; NERVE CELL PLASTICITY; NEUROFEEDBACK; NEUROPROSTHESIS; NONHUMAN; PARKINSON DISEASE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; REWARD; ROBOTICS; SPINAL CORD INJURY; VISUAL FEEDBACK; ANIMAL; BRAIN; CYTOLOGY; NERVE CELL; PHYSIOLOGY;

ANIMALS; BRAIN; BRAIN-COMPUTER INTERFACES; HUMANS; NEURAL PROSTHESES; NEURONS;

EID: 84930370551     PISSN: 08966273     EISSN: 10974199     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2015.03.036     Document Type: Review

References (141)

1. Aguila J., Cudeiro J., Rivadulla C. Effects of Static Magnetic Fields on the Visual Cortex: reversible Visual Deficits and Reduction of Neuronal Activity. Cereb. Cortex 2014, Published online September 26, 2014.
2. Angelakis E., Stathopoulou S., Frymiare J.L., Green D.L., Lubar J.F., Kounios J. EEG neurofeedback: a brief overview and an example of peak alpha frequency training for cognitive enhancement in the elderly. Clin. Neuropsychol. 2007, 21:110-129.
3. Arduin P.J., Frégnac Y., Shulz D.E., Ego-Stengel V. "Master" neurons induced by operant conditioning in rat motor cortex during a brain-machine interface task. J.Neurosci. 2013, 33:8308-8320.
4. Armstrong C., Krook-Magnuson E., Oijala M., Soltesz I. Closed-loop optogenetic intervention in mice. Nat. Protoc. 2013, 8:1475-1493.
5. Bamford J.A., Mushahwar V.K. Intraspinal microstimulation for the recovery of function following spinal cord injury. Prog. Brain Res. 2011, 194:227-239.
6. Beatty J., Greenberg A., Deibler W.P., O'Hanlon J.F. Operant control of occipital theta rhythm affects performance in a radar monitoring task. Science 1974, 183:871-873.
7. Bergey G.K., Morrell M.J., Mizrahi E.M., Goldman A., King-Stephens D., Nair D., Srinivasan S., Jobst B., Gross R.E., Shields D.C., et al. Long-term treatment with responsive brain stimulation in adults with refractory partial seizures. Neurology 2015, 84:810-817.
8. Bieri K.W., Bobbitt K.N., Colgin L.L. Slow and fast γ rhythms coordinate different spatial coding modes in hippocampal place cells. Neuron 2014, 82:670-681.
9. Bindman L.J., Lippold O.C., Redfearn J.W. The Action of Brief Polarizing Currents on the Cerebral Cortex of the Rat (1) during Current Flow and (2) in the Production of Long-Lasting after-Effects. J.Physiol. 1964, 172:369-382.
10. Birbaumer N., Ramos Murguialday A., Weber C., Montoya P. Neurofeedback and brain-computer interface clinical applications. Int. Rev. Neurobiol. 2009, 86:107-117.
11. Bray S., Shimojo S., O'Doherty J.P. Direct instrumental conditioning of neural activity using functional magnetic resonance imaging-derived reward feedback. J.Neurosci. 2007, 27:7498-7507.
12. Brown P., Oliviero A., Mazzone P., Insola A., Tonali P., Di Lazzaro V. Dopamine dependency of oscillations between subthalamic nucleus and pallidum in Parkinson's disease. J.Neurosci. 2001, 21:1033-1038.
13. Brunner C., Scherer R., Graimann B., Supp G., Pfurtscheller G. Online control of a brain-computer interface using phase synchronization. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 2006, 53:2501-2506.
14. Buonomano D.V., Merzenich M.M. Cortical plasticity: from synapses to maps. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 1998, 21:149-186.
15. Carmena J.M., Lebedev M.A., Crist R.E., O'Doherty J.E., Santucci D.M., Dimitrov D.F., Patil P.G., Henriquez C.S., Nicolelis M.A. Learning to control a brain-machine interface for reaching and grasping by primates. PLoS Biol. 2003, 1:E42.
16. Carmena J.M., Lebedev M.A., Henriquez C.S., Nicolelis M.A. Stable ensemble performance with single-neuron variability during reaching movements in primates. J.Neurosci. 2005, 25:10712-10716.
17. Chapin J.K., Moxon K.A., Markowitz R.S., Nicolelis M.A. Real-time control of a robot arm using simultaneously recorded neurons in the motor cortex. Nat. Neurosci. 1999, 2:664-670.
18. Chavarriaga R., Sobolewski A., Millán Jdel.R. Errare machinale est: the use of error-related potentials in brain-machine interfaces. Front Neurosci 2014, 8:208.
19. Chestek C.A., Batista A.P., Santhanam G., Yu B.M., Afshar A., Cunningham J.P., Gilja V., Ryu S.I., Churchland M.M., Shenoy K.V. Single-neuron stability during repeated reaching in macaque premotor cortex. J.Neurosci. 2007, 27:10742-10750.
20. Clancy K.B., Koralek A.C., Costa R.M., Feldman D.E., Carmena J.M. Volitional modulation of optically recorded calcium signals during neuroprosthetic learning. Nat. Neurosci. 2014, 17:807-809.
21. Collinger J.L., Wodlinger B., Downey J.E., Wang W., Tyler-Kabara E.C., Weber D.J., McMorland A.J., Velliste M., Boninger M.L., Schwartz A.B. High-performance neuroprosthetic control by an individual with tetraplegia. Lancet 2013, 381:557-564.
22. Cotman C.W., Berchtold N.C., Christie L.A. Exercise builds brain health: key roles of growth factor cascades and inflammation. Trends Neurosci. 2007, 30:464-472.
23. Courtine G., Gerasimenko Y., van den Brand R., Yew A., Musienko P., Zhong H., Song B., Ao Y., Ichiyama R.M., Lavrov I., et al. Transformation of nonfunctional spinal circuits into functional states after the loss of brain input. Nat. Neurosci. 2009, 12:1333-1342.
24. Eccles J.C. The modular operation of the cerebral neocortex considered as the material basis of mental events. Neuroscience 1981, 6:1839-1856.
25. Engelhard B., Ozeri N., Israel Z., Bergman H., Vaadia E. Inducing γ oscillations and precise spike synchrony by operant conditioning via brain-machine interface. Neuron 2013, 77:361-375.
26. Ethier C., Oby E.R., Bauman M.J., Miller L.E. Restoration of grasp following paralysis through brain-controlled stimulation of muscles. Nature 2012, 485:368-371.
27. Evarts E.V. Pyramidal tract activity associated with a conditioned hand movement in the monkey. J.Neurophysiol. 1966, 29:1011-1027.
28. Evarts E.V. Relation of pyramidal tract activity to force exerted during voluntary movement. J.Neurophysiol. 1968, 31:14-27.
29. Fagg A.H., Hatsopoulos N.G., de Lafuente V., Moxon K.A., Nemati S., Rebesco J.M., Romo R., Solla S.A., Reimer J., Tkach D., et al. Biomimetic brain machine interfaces for the control of movement. J.Neurosci. 2007, 27:11842-11846.
30. Fetz E.E. Operant conditioning of cortical unit activity. Science 1969, 163:955-958.
31. Fetz E.E. Volitional control of neural activity: implications for brain-computer interfaces. J.Physiol. 2007, 579:571-579.
32. Fetz E.E., Finocchio D.V. Correlations between activity of motor cortex cells and arm muscles during operantly conditioned response patterns. Exp. Brain Res. 1975, 23:217-240.
33. Filmer H.L., Dux P.E., Mattingley J.B. Applications of transcranial direct current stimulation for understanding brain function. Trends Neurosci. 2014, 37:742-753.
34. Foffani G., Priori A., Egidi M., Rampini P., Tamma F., Caputo E., Moxon K.A., Cerutti S., Barbieri S. 300-Hz subthalamic oscillations in Parkinson's disease. Brain 2003, 126:2153-2163.
35. Foffani G., Uzcategui Y.G., Gal B., Menendez de la Prida L. Reduced spike-timing reliability correlates with the emergence of fast ripples in the rat epileptic hippocampus. Neuron 2007, 55:930-941.
36. Foffani G., Morales-Botello M.L., Aguilar J. Spike timing, spike count, and temporal information for the discrimination of tactile stimuli in the rat ventrobasal complex. J.Neurosci. 2009, 29:5964-5973.
37. Fountas K.N., Smith J.R. A novel closed-loop stimulation system in the control of focal, medically refractory epilepsy. Acta Neurochir. Suppl. (Wien) 2007, 97:357-362.
38. Ganguly K., Carmena J.M. Emergence of a stable cortical map for neuroprosthetic control. PLoS Biol. 2009, 7:e1000153.
39. Ganguly K., Dimitrov D.F., Wallis J.D., Carmena J.M. Reversible large-scale modification of cortical networks during neuroprosthetic control. Nat. Neurosci. 2011, 14:662-667.
40. Ganzer P.D., Moxon K.A., Knudsen E.B., Shumsky J.S. Serotonergic pharmacotherapy promotes cortical reorganization after spinal cord injury. Exp. Neurol. 2013, 241:84-94.
41. Gerstein G.L., Perkel D.H. Simultaneously recorded trains of action potentials: analysis and functional interpretation. Science 1969, 164:828-830.
42. Gerstein G.L., Perkel D.H., Subramanian K.N. Identification of functionally related neural assemblies. Brain Res. 1978, 140:43-62.
43. Gilja V., Nuyujukian P., Chestek C.A., Cunningham J.P., Yu B.M., Fan J.M., Churchland M.M., Kaufman M.T., Kao J.C., Ryu S.I., Shenoy K.V. A high-performance neural prosthesis enabled by control algorithm design. Nat. Neurosci. 2012, 15:1752-1757.
44. Grasse D.W., Karunakaran S., Moxon K.A. Neuronal synchrony and the transition to spontaneous seizures. Exp. Neurol. 2013, 248:72-84.
45. Graziano A., Foffani G., Knudsen E.B., Shumsky J., Moxon K.A. Passive exercise of the hind limbs after complete thoracic transection of the spinal cord promotes cortical reorganization. PLoS ONE 2013, 8:e54350.
46. Greer S.M., Trujillo A.J., Glover G.H., Knutson B. Control of nucleus accumbens activity with neurofeedback. Neuroimage 2014, 96:237-244.
47. Guggenmos D.J., Azin M., Barbay S., Mahnken J.D., Dunham C., Mohseni P., Nudo R.J. Restoration of function after brain damage using a neural prosthesis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2013, 110:21177-21182.
48. Hampson R.E., Song D., Opris I., Santos L.M., Shin D.C., Gerhardt G.A., Marmarelis V.Z., Berger T.W., Deadwyler S.A. Facilitation of memory encoding in primate hippocampus by a neuroprosthesis that promotes task-specific neural firing. J.Neural Eng. 2013, 10:066013.
49. Hardt J.V., Kamiya J. Anxiety change through electroencephalographic alpha feedback seen only in high anxiety subjects. Science 1978, 201:79-81.
50. Hauschild M., Mulliken G.H., Fineman I., Loeb G.E., Andersen R.A. Cognitive signals for brain-machine interfaces in posterior parietal cortex include continuous 3D trajectory commands. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2012, 109:17075-17080.
51. Hebb D.O. The organization of behavior a neuropsychological theory 1949, Wiley, New York.
52. Hochberg L.R., Serruya M.D., Friehs G.M., Mukand J.A., Saleh M., Caplan A.H., Branner A., Chen D., Penn R.D., Donoghue J.P. Neuronal ensemble control of prosthetic devices by a human with tetraplegia. Nature 2006, 442:164-171.
53. Hochberg L.R., Bacher D., Jarosiewicz B., Masse N.Y., Simeral J.D., Vogel J., Haddadin S., Liu J., Cash S.S., van der Smagt P., Donoghue J.P. Reach and grasp by people with tetraplegia using a neurally controlled robotic arm. Nature 2012, 485:372-375.
54. Humphrey D.R., Schmidt E.M., Thompson W.D. Predicting measures of motor performance from multiple cortical spike trains. Science 1970, 170:758-762.
55. Huxter J., Burgess N., O'Keefe J. Independent rate and temporal coding in hippocampal pyramidal cells. Nature 2003, 425:828-832.
56. Hwang E.J., Bailey P.M., Andersen R.A. Volitional control of neural activity relies on the natural motor repertoire. Curr. Biol. 2013, 23:353-361.
57. Ifft P.J., Shokur S., Li Z., Lebedev M.A., Nicolelis M.A. A brain-machine interface enables bimanual arm movements in monkeys. Sci. Transl. Med. 2013, 5:ra154.
58. Jackson A., Zimmermann J.B. Neural interfaces for the brain and spinal cord-restoring motor function. Nat Rev Neurol 2012, 8:690-699.
59. Jackson A., Mavoori J., Fetz E.E. Long-term motor cortex plasticity induced by an electronic neural implant. Nature 2006, 444:56-60.
60. Jarosiewicz B., Chase S.M., Fraser G.W., Velliste M., Kass R.E., Schwartz A.B. Functional network reorganization during learning in a brain-computer interface paradigm. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2008, 105:19486-19491.
61. John E.R. Mechanisms of memory 1967, Academic Press, New York.
62. John E.R. Switchboard versus statistical theories of learning and memory. Science 1972, 177:850-864.
63. Kamiya J., Callaway E., Yeager C.L. Visual evoked responses in subjects trained to control alpha rhythms. Psychophysiology 1969, 5:683-695.
64. Kao T., Shumsky J.S., Murray M., Moxon K.A. Exercise induces cortical plasticity after neonatal spinal cord injury in the rat. J.Neurosci. 2009, 29:7549-7557.
65. Kennedy P.R., Bakay R.A. Restoration of neural output from a paralyzed patient by a direct brain connection. Neuroreport 1998, 9:1707-1711.
66. Kennedy P.R., Bakay R.A., Moore M.M., Adams K., Goldwaithe J. Direct control of a computer from the human central nervous system. IEEE Trans. Rehabil. Eng. 2000, 8:198-202.
67. Knudsen E.B., Powers M.E., Moxon K.A. Dissociating movement from movement timing in the rat primary motor cortex. J.Neurosci. 2014, 34:15576-15586.
68. Koralek A.C., Jin X., Long J.D., Costa R.M., Carmena J.M. Corticostriatal plasticity is necessary for learning intentional neuroprosthetic skills. Nature 2012, 483:331-335.
69. Krack P., Hariz M.I., Baunez C., Guridi J., Obeso J.A. Deep brain stimulation: from neurology to psychiatry?. Trends Neurosci. 2010, 33:474-484.
70. Krook-Magnuson E., Armstrong C., Oijala M., Soltesz I. On-demand optogenetic control of spontaneous seizures in temporal lobe epilepsy. Nat. Commun. 2013, 4:1376.
71. Kubie L.S. A theoretical application to some neurological problems of the properties of excitation waves which move in closed circuits. Brain 1930, 53:166-177.
72. Kumar A., Rotter S., Aertsen A. Spiking activity propagation in neuronal networks: reconciling different perspectives on neural coding. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 2010, 11:615-627.
73. Lashley K.S. In search of the engram. Symp. Soc. Exp. Biol. 1950, 4:454-482.
74. Lebedev M.A., Carmena J.M., O'Doherty J.E., Zacksenhouse M., Henriquez C.S., Principe J.C., Nicolelis M.A. Cortical ensemble adaptation to represent velocity of an artificial actuator controlled by a brain-machine interface. J.Neurosci. 2005, 25:4681-4693.
75. Legenstein R., Chase S.M., Schwartz A.B., Maass W. A reward-modulated hebbian learning rule can explain experimentally observed network reorganization in a brain control task. J.Neurosci. 2010, 30:8400-8410.
76. Levy R., Ashby P., Hutchison W.D., Lang A.E., Lozano A.M., Dostrovsky J.O. Dependence of subthalamic nucleus oscillations on movement and dopamine in Parkinson's disease. Brain 2002, 125:1196-1209.
77. Limousin P., Pollak P., Benazzouz A., Hoffmann D., Le Bas J.F., Broussolle E., Perret J.E., Benabid A.L. Effect of parkinsonian signs and symptoms of bilateral subthalamic nucleus stimulation. Lancet 1995, 345:91-95.
78. Lisman J.E., Jensen O. The θ-γ neural code. Neuron 2013, 77:1002-1016.
79. Little S., Pogosyan A., Neal S., Zavala B., Zrinzo L., Hariz M., Foltynie T., Limousin P., Ashkan K., FitzGerald J., et al. Adaptive deep brain stimulation in advanced Parkinson disease. Ann. Neurol. 2013, 74:449-457.
80. Lorente de No R. Transmission of impulses through cranial motor nuclei. J.Neurophysiol. 1939, 2:402-464.
81. Manohar A., Flint R.D., Knudsen E., Moxon K.A. Decoding hindlimb movement for a brain machine interface after a complete spinal transection. PLoS ONE 2012, 7:e52173.
82. Márquez-Ruiz J., Leal-Campanario R., Sánchez-Campusano R., Molaee-Ardekani B., Wendling F., Miranda P.C., Ruffini G., Gruart A., Delgado-García J.M. Transcranial direct-current stimulation modulates synaptic mechanisms involved in associative learning in behaving rabbits. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2012, 109:6710-6715.
83. Maya Vetencourt J.F., Sale A., Viegi A., Baroncelli L., De Pasquale R., O'Leary O.F., Castrén E., Maffei L. The antidepressant fluoxetine restores plasticity in the adult visual cortex. Science 2008, 320:385-388.
84. McCulloch W.S., Pitts W. A logical calculus of the ideas immanent in nervous activity. Bull. Math. Biophys. 1943, 5:115-133.
85. Millán J.D., Rupp R., Müller-Putz G.R., Murray-Smith R., Giugliemma C., Tangermann M., Vidaurre C., Cincotti F., Kübler A., Leeb R., et al. Combining Brain-Computer Interfaces and Assistive Technologies: State-of-the-Art and Challenges. Front Neurosci 2010, 4.
86. Moritz C.T., Perlmutter S.I., Fetz E.E. Direct control of paralysed muscles by cortical neurons. Nature 2008, 456:639-642.
87. Mountcastle V.B. Modality and topographic properties of single neurons of cat's somatic sensory cortex. J.Neurophysiol. 1957, 20:408-434.
88. Moxon K.A., Oliviero A., Aguilar J., Foffani G. Cortical reorganization after spinal cord injury: always for good?. Neuroscience 2014, 283:78-94.
89. Mulliken G.H., Musallam S., Andersen R.A. Decoding trajectories from posterior parietal cortex ensembles. J.Neurosci. 2008, 28:12913-12926.
90. Musallam S., Corneil B.D., Greger B., Scherberger H., Andersen R.A. Cognitive control signals for neural prosthetics. Science 2004, 305:258-262.
91. Ngo H.V., Martinetz T., Born J., Mölle M. Auditory closed-loop stimulation of the sleep slow oscillation enhances memory. Neuron 2013, 78:545-553.
92. Nicolelis M.A. Brain-machine interfaces to restore motor function and probe neural circuits. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 2003, 4:417-422.
93. Nicolelis M.A., Lebedev M.A. Principles of neural ensemble physiology underlying the operation of brain-machine interfaces. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 2009, 10:530-540.
94. Nishimura Y., Perlmutter S.I., Fetz E.E. Restoration of upper limb movement via artificial corticospinal and musculospinal connections in a monkey with spinal cord injury. Front Neural Circuits 2013, 7:57.
95. O'Doherty J.E., Lebedev M.A., Ifft P.J., Zhuang K.Z., Shokur S., Bleuler H., Nicolelis M.A. Active tactile exploration using a brain-machine-brain interface. Nature 2011, 479:228-231.
96. Oliviero A., Mordillo-Mateos L., Arias P., Panyavin I., Foffani G., Aguilar J. Transcranial static magnetic field stimulation of the human motor cortex. J.Physiol. 2011, 589:4949-4958.
97. Orsborn A.L., Carmena J.M. Creating new functional circuits for action via brain-machine interfaces. Front. Comput. Neurosci. 2013, 7:157.
98. Orsborn A.L., Moorman H.G., Overduin S.A., Shanechi M.M., Dimitrov D.F., Carmena J.M. Closed-loop decoder adaptation shapes neural plasticity for skillful neuroprosthetic control. Neuron 2014, 82:1380-1393.
99. Panzeri S., Petersen R.S., Schultz S.R., Lebedev M., Diamond M.E. The role of spike timing in the coding of stimulus location in rat somatosensory cortex. Neuron 2001, 29:769-777.
100. Potter S.M., El Hady A., Fetz E.E. Closed-loop neuroscience and neuroengineering. Front Neural Circuits 2014, 8:115.
101. Powers, M.E., Knudsen, E.B., Moxon, K.A. (2013). BMI control of hindlimb after complete spinal transection: Restoration of volitional control using epidural stimulation Program No. 374.16, San Diego, CA: Society for Neuroscience.
102. Priori A., Foffani G., Pesenti A., Tamma F., Bianchi A.M., Pellegrini M., Locatelli M., Moxon K.A., Villani R.M. Rhythm-specific pharmacological modulation of subthalamic activity in Parkinson's disease. Exp. Neurol. 2004, 189:369-379.
103. Priori A., Foffani G., Rossi L., Marceglia S. Adaptive deep brain stimulation (aDBS) controlled by local field potential oscillations. Exp. Neurol. 2013, 245:77-86.
104. Ramos-Murguialday A., Broetz D., Rea M., Läer L., Yilmaz O., Brasil F.L., Liberati G., Curado M.R., Garcia-Cossio E., Vyziotis A., et al. Brain-machine interface in chronic stroke rehabilitation: a controlled study. Ann. Neurol. 2013, 74:100-108.
105. Ratté S., Hong S., De Schutter E., Prescott S.A. Impact of neuronal properties on network coding: roles of spike initiation dynamics and robust synchrony transfer. Neuron 2013, 78:758-772.
106. Redgrave P., Rodriguez M., Smith Y., Rodriguez-Oroz M.C., Lehericy S., Bergman H., Agid Y., DeLong M.R., Obeso J.A. Goal-directed and habitual control in the basal ganglia: implications for Parkinson's disease. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 2010, 11:760-772.
107. Rokni U., Richardson A.G., Bizzi E., Seung H.S. Motor learning with unstable neural representations. Neuron 2007, 54:653-666.
108. Ros T., J Baars B., Lanius R.A., Vuilleumier P. Tuning pathological brain oscillations with neurofeedback: a systems neuroscience framework. Front. Hum. Neurosci. 2014, 8:1008.
109. Rosin B., Slovik M., Mitelman R., Rivlin-Etzion M., Haber S.N., Israel Z., Vaadia E., Bergman H. Closed-loop deep brain stimulation is superior in ameliorating parkinsonism. Neuron 2011, 72:370-384.
110. Rouse A.G., Williams J.J., Wheeler J.J., Moran D.W. Cortical adaptation to a chronic micro-electrocorticographic brain computer interface. J.Neurosci. 2013, 33:1326-1330.
111. Sadtler P.T., Quick K.M., Golub M.D., Chase S.M., Ryu S.I., Tyler-Kabara E.C., Yu B.M., Batista A.P. Neural constraints on learning. Nature 2014, 512:423-426.
112. Sakurai Y., Takahashi S. Conditioned enhancement of firing rates and synchrony of hippocampal neurons and firing rates of motor cortical neurons in rats. Eur. J. Neurosci. 2013, 37:623-639.
113. Salanova V., Witt T., Worth R., Henry T.R., Gross R.E., Nazzaro J.M., Labar D., Sperling M.R., Sharan A., Sandok E., et al. Long-term efficacy and safety of thalamic stimulation for drug-resistant partial epilepsy. Neurology 2015, 84:1017-1025. SANTE Study Group.
114. Santhanam G., Ryu S.I., Yu B.M., Afshar A., Shenoy K.V. A high-performance brain-computer interface. Nature 2006, 442:195-198.
115. Scaglione A., Moxon K.A., Aguilar J., Foffani G. Trial-to-trial variability in the responses of neurons carries information about stimulus location in the rat whisker thalamus. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2011, 108:14956-14961.
116. Schafer R.J., Moore T. Selective attention from voluntary control of neurons in prefrontal cortex. Science 2011, 332:1568-1571.
117. Scharnowski F., Hutton C., Josephs O., Weiskopf N., Rees G. Improving visual perception through neurofeedback. J.Neurosci. 2012, 32:17830-17841.
118. Serruya M.D., Hatsopoulos N.G., Paninski L., Fellows M.R., Donoghue J.P. Instant neural control of a movement signal. Nature 2002, 416:141-142.
119. Serruya M., Hatsopoulos N., Fellows M., Paninski L., Donoghue J. Robustness of neuroprosthetic decoding algorithms. Biol. Cybern. 2003, 88:219-228.
120. Shamir M. Emerging principles of population coding: in search for the neural code. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 2014, 25:140-148.
121. Shanechi M.M., Hu R.C., Powers M., Wornell G.W., Brown E.N., Williams Z.M. Neural population partitioning and a concurrent brain-machine interface for sequential motor function. Nat. Neurosci. 2012, 15:1715-1722.
122. Shanechi M.M., Hu R.C., Williams Z.M. A cortical-spinal prosthesis for targeted limb movement in paralysed primate avatars. Nat. Commun. 2014, 5:3237.
123. Sherrington C.S. The integrative action of the nervous system 1906, C. Scribner's Sons, New York.
124. Shibata K., Watanabe T., Sasaki Y., Kawato M. Perceptual learning incepted by decoded fMRI neurofeedback without stimulus presentation. Science 2011, 334:1413-1415.
125. Singer W. Neuronal synchrony: a versatile code for the definition of relations?. Neuron 1999, 24:49-65. 111-125.
126. So K., Dangi S., Orsborn A.L., Gastpar M.C., Carmena J.M. Subject-specific modulation of local field potential spectral power during brain-machine interface control in primates. J.Neural Eng. 2014, 11:026002.
127. Stypulkowski P.H., Stanslaski S.R., Jensen R.M., Denison T.J., Giftakis J.E. Brain stimulation for epilepsy-local and remote modulation of network excitability. Brain Stimulat. 2014, 7:350-358.
128. Subramanian L., Hindle J.V., Johnston S., Roberts M.V., Husain M., Goebel R., Linden D. Real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging neurofeedback for treatment of Parkinson's disease. J.Neurosci. 2011, 31:16309-16317.
129. Szentágothai J. The 'module-concept' in cerebral cortex architecture. Brain Res. 1975, 95:475-496.
130. Tabot G.A., Dammann J.F., Berg J.A., Tenore F.V., Boback J.L., Vogelstein R.J., Bensmaia S.J. Restoring the sense of touch with a prosthetic hand through a brain interface. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2013, 110:18279-18284.
131. Taylor D.M., Tillery S.I., Schwartz A.B. Direct cortical control of 3D neuroprosthetic devices. Science 2002, 296:1829-1832.
132. Truccolo W., Friehs G.M., Donoghue J.P., Hochberg L.R. Primary motor cortex tuning to intended movement kinematics in humans with tetraplegia. J.Neurosci. 2008, 28:1163-1178.
133. Velliste M., Perel S., Spalding M.C., Whitford A.S., Schwartz A.B. Cortical control of a prosthetic arm for self-feeding. Nature 2008, 453:1098-1101.
134. Velliste M., Kennedy S.D., Schwartz A.B., Whitford A.S., Sohn J.W., McMorland A.J. Motor cortical correlates of arm resting in the context of a reaching task and implications for prosthetic control. J.Neurosci. 2014, 34:6011-6022.
135. Wang Q., Sourina O., Nguyen M.K. Fractal dimension based neurofeedback in serious games. Visual Computer 2011, 27:299-309.
136. Wenger N., Moraud E.M., Raspopovic S., Bonizzato M., DiGiovanna J., Musienko P., Morari M., Micera S., Courtine G. Closed-loop neuromodulation of spinal sensorimotor circuits controls refined locomotion after complete spinal cord injury. Sci. Transl. Med. 2014, 6:ra133.
137. Wessberg J., Stambaugh C.R., Kralik J.D., Beck P.D., Laubach M., Chapin J.K., Kim J., Biggs S.J., Srinivasan M.A., Nicolelis M.A. Real-time prediction of hand trajectory by ensembles of cortical neurons in primates. Nature 2000, 408:361-365.
138. Wolpaw J.R. Brain-computer interfaces as new brain output pathways. J.Physiol. 2007, 579:613-619.
139. Wolpaw J.R., McFarland D.J. Control of a two-dimensional movement signal by a noninvasive brain-computer interface in humans. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2004, 101:17849-17854.
140. Wolpaw J.R., McFarland D.J., Neat G.W., Forneris C.A. An EEG-based brain-computer interface for cursor control. Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol. 1991, 78:252-259.
141. Zijlmans M., Jiruska P., Zelmann R., Leijten F.S., Jefferys J.G., Gotman J. High-frequency oscillations as a new biomarker in epilepsy. Ann. Neurol. 2012, 71:169-178.